Finger and Hand Finger and Hand Dexterity Dexterity

Presentation By:Presentation By:Jay BradfordJay Bradford

Erik ChristensonErik ChristensonAdam ClausAdam ClausEvan PollockEvan Pollock

Chris CamarataChris Camarata

Finger and Hand DexterityFinger and Hand DexterityThree Functional Capacity Tests to Three Functional Capacity Tests to

be discussed are:be discussed are:1) Perdue Pegboard Test1) Perdue Pegboard Test2) Complete Minnesota Dexterity 2) Complete Minnesota Dexterity

TestTest3) Epic Hand Function3) Epic Hand Function

#1 Perdue Pegboard Test#1 Perdue Pegboard TestWhat is the Perdue Peg Board Test?What is the Perdue Peg Board Test?Since its development in 1948 by Dr. Since its development in 1948 by Dr.

Joseph Tiffin, this test has been used Joseph Tiffin, this test has been used extensively to aid in the selection of extensively to aid in the selection of employees for various types of employees for various types of manual labor. It measures dexterity manual labor. It measures dexterity for 2 types of activities: gross for 2 types of activities: gross movements of hands, fingers, and movements of hands, fingers, and arms; and fingertip dexterity arms; and fingertip dexterity necessary in assembly tasks. necessary in assembly tasks.

Perdue Pegboard TestPerdue Pegboard Test This image This image

demonstrates an demonstrates an individual placing individual placing pegs into the right pegs into the right column of the column of the pegboard. pegboard.

Purdue ContinuedPurdue ContinuedThe Purdue Pegboard was standardized The Purdue Pegboard was standardized

after extensive experimentation in after extensive experimentation in numerous plants involving the testing numerous plants involving the testing of several thousand employees in a of several thousand employees in a wide variety of industrial jobs. wide variety of industrial jobs.

The pegboard is equipped with pins, The pegboard is equipped with pins, collars, and washers which are located collars, and washers which are located in four cups at the top of the board. in four cups at the top of the board.

PurduePurdue It can be administered to individuals or groups. It It can be administered to individuals or groups. It

is timed as follows: Right hand: 30 seconds, Left is timed as follows: Right hand: 30 seconds, Left hand: 30 seconds, Both hands: 30 seconds, and hand: 30 seconds, Both hands: 30 seconds, and assembly: 1 minute. assembly: 1 minute.

Right hand: place as many pegs into holesRight hand: place as many pegs into holes Left Hand: place as many pegs into holesLeft Hand: place as many pegs into holes Both Hands: place as many pegs into holesBoth Hands: place as many pegs into holes Assembly: Using both hands, place a peg, a Assembly: Using both hands, place a peg, a

washer, a collar, and another washer into as washer, a collar, and another washer into as many pegsmany pegs

Entire testing period is about 10 minutes and it is Entire testing period is about 10 minutes and it is hand scored. hand scored.

Purdue ScoringPurdue ScoringScoring is done by counting the Scoring is done by counting the

number of pieces placed into the number of pieces placed into the holes in the given time restraints. holes in the given time restraints.

Purdue ValidityPurdue ValidityThe results show that the test-retest The results show that the test-retest

reliability is good (intra-class reliability is good (intra-class correlation coefficients from 0.66 to correlation coefficients from 0.66 to 0.90, depending on the subtest). 0.90, depending on the subtest).

Norms are presented to help Norms are presented to help clinicians involved in rehabilitation clinicians involved in rehabilitation services to better differentiate real services to better differentiate real dexterity deficits from those that dexterity deficits from those that may be attributed to normal ageing. may be attributed to normal ageing.

#2 Complete Minnesota #2 Complete Minnesota Dexterity TestDexterity Test

The CMDT is designed to provide The CMDT is designed to provide employers with an instrument that employers with an instrument that will improve the efficiency of will improve the efficiency of personnel selection for jobs requiring personnel selection for jobs requiring arm and hand dexterity. Five tests arm and hand dexterity. Five tests can be performed. These are: turning, can be performed. These are: turning, placing, displacing, the one hand placing, displacing, the one hand turning and placing test and the two turning and placing test and the two hand turning and placing test. hand turning and placing test.

CMDTCMDT Used to measure a Used to measure a

subject’s simple but rapid subject’s simple but rapid eye-hand coordination as eye-hand coordination as well as arm-hand dexterity. well as arm-hand dexterity. In General, the CMDT In General, the CMDT measures gross motor measures gross motor skills.skills.

It can be used for many It can be used for many testing applications. testing applications. Physical therapy, Physical therapy, Occupational therapy, Occupational therapy, vocational evaluation, and vocational evaluation, and pre-employment screening pre-employment screening are four uses for this test. are four uses for this test.

CMDTCMDTPlacing Test:Placing Test:The object of this test is to see how The object of this test is to see how

fast you can put the disks from the fast you can put the disks from the top board into the holes of the top board into the holes of the bottom board using only one hand.bottom board using only one hand.

You will want to use your dominant You will want to use your dominant hand. hand.

CMDTCMDTTurning TestTurning TestThe object of this test is to see how The object of this test is to see how

fast you can pick up the disks with fast you can pick up the disks with one hand, turn them with the other one hand, turn them with the other hand, and replace the disks back into hand, and replace the disks back into the holes on the board. the holes on the board.

CMDTCMDTDisplacing TestDisplacing TestRemove the disk from the upper left-Remove the disk from the upper left-

hand corner (top hole in the first hand corner (top hole in the first column_ and put it to the side. This is column_ and put it to the side. This is the starting position for the displacing the starting position for the displacing test. The object of this test is to see test. The object of this test is to see how fast you can move the blocks how fast you can move the blocks from one hole to another. You can use from one hole to another. You can use either hand for this test. either hand for this test.

CMDTCMDTOne-Hand Turning and Placing TestOne-Hand Turning and Placing TestThe object of this test is to see how The object of this test is to see how

fast you can pick up the disks from fast you can pick up the disks from the top board, turn the disks over, the top board, turn the disks over, thus showing the other color of the thus showing the other color of the disk, and place them into the holes of disk, and place them into the holes of the bottom board. This is to be done the bottom board. This is to be done using only one hand. You will want to using only one hand. You will want to use you dominant hand. use you dominant hand.

CMDTCMDTTwo-Hand Turning and Placing TestTwo-Hand Turning and Placing TestThe object of this test is to see how The object of this test is to see how

fast you can pick up the disks from fast you can pick up the disks from the top board, two at a time (one in the top board, two at a time (one in each hand), turn the disks over, thus each hand), turn the disks over, thus showing the other color of the disk, showing the other color of the disk, and place them into the holes of the and place them into the holes of the bottom board. This is to be done using bottom board. This is to be done using BOTH hands.BOTH hands.

CMDT ScoringCMDT ScoringThe score on any test of the CMDT is The score on any test of the CMDT is

the total seconds required to the total seconds required to complete the chosen number of test complete the chosen number of test trials. Two, three, or four test trials trials. Two, three, or four test trials may have been administered. may have been administered. Practice time is not included in the Practice time is not included in the total score. total score.

CMDT ValidityCMDT Validity In a report concerning the use of the In a report concerning the use of the

CMDT, a group of men hired as CMDT, a group of men hired as converting machine operators in a converting machine operators in a paper mill were tested and scored, paper mill were tested and scored, and then ranked on a scale of 5. and then ranked on a scale of 5. ratings were converted to T-scores. ratings were converted to T-scores. Reliability of this testing was Reliability of this testing was estimated to be 0.75. estimated to be 0.75.

#3 Epic Hand Function Sort#3 Epic Hand Function SortThe 62-item Hand Function Sort The 62-item Hand Function Sort

(HFS) helps quantify a disabled (HFS) helps quantify a disabled person's perception of ability to person's perception of ability to perform work tasks that involve perform work tasks that involve hands and upper extremities. By hands and upper extremities. By comparing this report with functional comparing this report with functional test results, magnification or test results, magnification or minimization of dysfunction can be minimization of dysfunction can be identified.identified.

Epic Hand FunctionEpic Hand Function Where is it used?Where is it used?

In treatment programs, the In treatment programs, the patient’s progress can be patient’s progress can be documented easily. The documented easily. The HFS provides a baseline HFS provides a baseline measure of function in measure of function in everyday tasks, to compare everyday tasks, to compare to progress in subsequent to progress in subsequent treatment, extending the treatment, extending the benefits beyond the clinic’s benefits beyond the clinic’s walls, into the patient’s life walls, into the patient’s life at home, at work, and in the at home, at work, and in the community. In comparison community. In comparison with functional tests, with functional tests, magnification of dysfunction magnification of dysfunction can be identified.can be identified.

Epic HFSEpic HFSWhere is it used? Cont…Where is it used? Cont… In employment screening programs In employment screening programs

in industrial settings, the HFS in industrial settings, the HFS compares the job applicant’s current compares the job applicant’s current abilities to job demands and sets a abilities to job demands and sets a baseline of abilities.baseline of abilities.

Epic HFSEpic HFS How is the test done?How is the test done? The HFS is an untimed paper and pencil test. The HFS is an untimed paper and pencil test.

The evaluee is instructed to “Look at each The evaluee is instructed to “Look at each drawing and read the description. On a drawing and read the description. On a separate answer sheet, indicate your current separate answer sheet, indicate your current level of ability to perform the task.”level of ability to perform the task.”

The answer sheet provides a 5-point rating The answer sheet provides a 5-point rating from “Able” to “Restricted” to “Unable.” from “Able” to “Restricted” to “Unable.” Operational definitions of these adjectives Operational definitions of these adjectives are provided in the standardized are provided in the standardized instructions. There is also a sixth rating instructions. There is also a sixth rating which is depicted as “?” and indicates, “I which is depicted as “?” and indicates, “I don’t know.”don’t know.”

Epic HFSEpic HFS The picture shown The picture shown

is an example of a is an example of a task that is task that is illustrated in the illustrated in the test. test.

Epic HFS ScoringEpic HFS ScoringThe HFS is easily scored by hand and The HFS is easily scored by hand and

yields a single "Rating of Perceived yields a single "Rating of Perceived Capacity" which ranges from zero to 248. Capacity" which ranges from zero to 248. Three "internal validity check" drawings Three "internal validity check" drawings are included that are similar to drawings are included that are similar to drawings presented earlier. These are used to presented earlier. These are used to screen for inconsistent responding, along screen for inconsistent responding, along with a graded scoring strategy that with a graded scoring strategy that evaluates intra-test consistency.evaluates intra-test consistency.

ReferencesReferenceshttp://www.ascs4help.com/testing/cahttp://www.ascs4help.com/testing/ca

rdev/ppt.htmrdev/ppt.htmhttp://www.creativeorgdesign.com/dohttp://www.creativeorgdesign.com/do

wnloads/tests/Purdue%20Pegboard.pwnloads/tests/Purdue%20Pegboard.pdfdf

http://www.creativeorgdesign.com/dohttp://www.creativeorgdesign.com/downloads/tests/Minnesota%20Manualwnloads/tests/Minnesota%20Manual%20Dexterity%20Validity.pdf%20Dexterity%20Validity.pdf

http://www.epicrehab.com/Sorts/hfs_ihttp://www.epicrehab.com/Sorts/hfs_intro.htmntro.htm