finland’s history four major periods 1. prehistoric period: 10 500 years ago 2. part of the...
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Finland’s HistoryFour Major Periods
• 1. Prehistoric Period: 10 500 years ago• 2. Part of the Kingdom of Sweden 1155-
1809• 3. The Age of Autonomy or Imperial Era 1809-1917• 4. The Age of Independence
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1155The first crusade to Finland by the Swedes
Finland becomes part of the Swedish realm.•Influence from the West: catholic faith, Swedish customs and language•Influence from the East: Orthodox faith, eastern/Russian customs
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First border to define the eastern border of Finland, year 1323
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The Swedish reign
• Peace treaty of 1323: only eastern Finland to Novgorod (Russia), western and southern parts of Finland to Sweden
• Swedish legal and social systems • Finland's most important centre was the town of
Turku • Finland was merely a
group of provinces –
not a national entity
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Languages: Finnish and Swedish
• The Reformation set in motion a great rise in Finnish-language culture
• The New Testament was translated into Finnish in 1548
• Swedes were often appointed
to high offices in Finland, which
strengthened the position of the
Swedish language
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Finland as a Grand Duchy of Russia (1809-1917)
• Russia conquered Finland in the war with Sweden
• Finland became an autonomous Grand Duchy, Russian Emperor as the Grand Duke.
• Finland's highest governing body was the Senate, whose members were Finns.
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Extensive autonomy created the Finnish state
• Alexander II gave Finland extensive autonomy thereby creating the Finnish state.
• The Lutheran Church retained its position in Finland
• Swedish as the official
language • Helsinki was made
the capital of Finland
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Aleksander II
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The Finnish national movement
• Kalevala 1835• Finnish became an official administrative
language • National romantism
in arts
Akseli Gallén-Kallela: Sammon ryöstö
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The independent republic
• On December 6th 1917, Parliament approved the declaration of independence
• At the same time, the breach between the parties of the left and the right had become irreconcilable
• Civil War 1918
• Finland became a republic in 1919
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The Civil War: reds and whites
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Annu Kapulainen: Taistelevat Enkelit
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Finland in war
• In 1939, Germany and the Soviet Union signed a non aggression pact: Finland to the Soviet sphere of interest
• Finland refused to allow the Soviet Union to build military bases on its territory: attack to Finland in 1939
• The Winter war > southeastern Finland to the Soviet Union
• When Germany invaded the Soviet Union in the summer of 1941, Finland entered the war as a cobelligerent with Germany.
• The 'Continuation War' > Petsamo to Soviet Union
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Helge Dahlman: Sota (1946 – 1948)
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Unto Pusa: Kaatunut sotilas (1948)
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Lennart Segerstråle: Pakolaisia (1940)
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The lost areas
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From ”finnlandisierung” to EU
• The Treaty of Friendship, Cooperation and
Mutual Assistance with Soviet Union
• Finnlandisierung?
• The end of the division of Europe, the collapse of the communist system and the dissolution of the Soviet Union: liberalized atmosphere also in Finland
• Finland became a member of EU in 1995
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Ilkka Halso: Vuoristorata (2004)