finnish international development 1 1 - irc :: home · pim fim (tas 50, 2, 126, 000, 520, 000, 000...

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THE UNITED REPUBLIC OFTANZANIA

Ministry of Water, Construction,Energy, Lands and Environment,Zanzibar

THE REPUBLIC OFFINLAND

Ministry for Foreign Affairs

Department of Water Development

I 924 TZZA91 1Finnish International DevelopmentAgency FINNIDA

ZANZIBAR URBAN WATER SUPPLYDEVELOPMENT PROJECT

I Implementation Phase

1991 - 1994

Project DocumentJune 1991

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PROJECT FACT SHEET

Project Title:

Project Number:

Sector:

Subsector:

Project location:

Duration:

Starting date:

Project financing:

Competent authorities:

Implementing agency:

Executing agency:

Zanzibar Urban Water Supply Project,Implementation Phase I

282 095 02-2

Social Infrastructure

Urban Water Supply

The town of Zanzibar on Unguja islandand the towns of Chake Chake, Weteand Mkoani on Pemba island inZanzibar. Zanzibar forms part of theUnited Republic of Tanzania.

1991 -

January

FINNIDARGoZ

1994

1991

PIMFIM(TAS

50,2,

126,

000,520,000,

000000000)

TOTAL FIM 52,520,000

Ministry of Finance, Tanzania

Ministry for Foreign Affairs,Finland/FINNIDA

Ministry of Water, Construction,Energy, Lands and Environment of Zan-zibar

Plancenter Ltd, Finland

Department of Water Development,Zanzibar

Arrangements for Coordination of Project Implementation:

The Steering Committee will supervisethe implementation of the project.

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CONTENTS

PROJECT PACT SHEET

ABBREVIATIONS AND CURRENCY EQUIVALENTS

MANAGEMENT SUMMARY Page

1 BACKGROUND AND JUSTIFICATION 1

1.1 Project area and population 11.2 Economic setting in Zanzibar

1.2.1 Institutional system 21.2.2 Social infrastructure 21.2.3 External assistance 21.2.4 Economic performance 2

1.3 Present situation in the sector 31.3.1 Urban water supply 31.3.2 Urban sanitation 71.3.3 Water resources 7

1.4 Project history 101.5 Justification of project 10

2 TARGET GROUPS/ ENVIRONMENTAL SETTINGS ANDINSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK 12

2.1 Target groups 122.2 Environmental settings 122.3 Institutional framework 14

3 OBJECTIVES AND INDICATORS 16

4 COMPONENTS, OUTPUTS AND OUTPUTSPECIFICATIONS 18

5 PROJECT STRATEGY 27

5.1 Overall strategy of the project 275.2 Approach to the implementation

of the work 285.3 Economic and institutional

development 285.4 Water supply development 315.5 Water resources and environmental

development 32

6 ACTIVITIES 33

7 INPUTS 38

7.1 Finnish inputs 387.2 Tanzanian inputs 39

I

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II

ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS

• DWD Department of Water Development

EIA Environmental Impact Assessment

| FIM Finnish Mark

FINNIDA Finnish International Development Agency

GoF Government of Finland

• GoT Government of Tanzania

HRD Human Resources Development

I MOF Ministry of Finance

IO&M Operation and Maintenance

B PIU Project Implementation Unit

• RGoZ Revolutionary Government of Zanzibar

TAS Tanzanian Shilling

I UWS Urban Water Supply

WSDP Water Supply Development Plan

MWCELE Ministry of Water, Construction, Energy,Lands and Environment

CURRENCY EQUIVALENTS (June 1991)

USD 1 = FIM 3.95

FIM 1 = TAS 0.019


11

8

9

10

11

PROJECT BUDGET

ASSUMPTIONS AND EXTERNAL FACTORS

9.1 Financial and organizationalsustainability

9.2 Other external factors

PROJECT ORGANIZATION

REPORTING, MONITORING AND EVALUATION

11.1 Reporting systems and reports11.2 Monitoring11.3 Evaluation

FIGURES:

Figure 1.Figure 2.Figure 3/1

and 3/2

Figure 4/1Figure 4/2Figure 5/1.Figure 5/2.

ANNEXES:

Annex 1.

Annex 2.

Annex 3.

Annex 4.

Annex 5.

40

41

4142

43

44

444546

Map of ZanzibarGroundwater Development Areas of Unguja

Organization of the Ministry of Water,Construction, Energy, Lands andEnvironmentOrganization of DWD, UngujaOrganization of DWD, PembaProject OrganizationProject Implementation Unit

Project Analysis1/1 Problem analysis1/2 Community participa-

tion analysis1/3 Environmental analysis

Tentative Work Plan 1991

Staffing Plan 1991

Job Descriptions

Budget


IV

MANAGEMENT SUMMARY

1. Project Background

The Government of the United Republic of Tanzaniahas requested FINNIDA to consider financing thefirst implementation phase 1991 - 1994 of theUrban Water Supply Project of Zanzibar, which isa part of the overall Zanzibar Urban Water SupplyProgramme.

The planning phase of the project took place in1989 - 1990 consisting of Financial Analysis,Institutional Study, Water Resources Study, Phy-sical Planning and Environmental Impact Assess-ment. These different components are compiled inthe Urban Water Supply Development Plan 1991-2015.

This project document gives a framework for theyears 1991 - 1994. More detailed work plans andbudgets will be prepared for each year separate-

2. Macroeconomic background of Zanzibar

The economy of Zanzibar is dominated by agricul-ture, principally the production of cloves. Dueto many economic setbacks over the last years,the governmental and parastatal bodies have haddifficulties generating sufficient revenue tomeet expenditure needs. To improve the situationthe Government commenced an economic recoveryprogramme in 1987. The main targets of the prog-ramme are reducing subsidies on imported food andstimulating home production, controlling govern-ment spending, and developing the private sector,especially concerning non-agricultural sectors aswell as liberalizing trade through the removal ofstate controls.


3. Project justification

The present water supply system is comprised offour urban schemes, one in the town of Zanzibaron Unguja island and one in each town of Pembaisland (Wete, Chake Chake and Mkoani). The condi-tions of the schemes are poor and water qualityis bacteriologically unsatisfactory due to pollu-tion through unprotected intakes, broken pipesand unhygienic storage tanks. Distribution in-terruptions are common mainly due to power fai-lures, and service coverage inadequate due to aninsufficient quality of infrastructure and pooroperation and maintenance.

The inadequate water supply together with poorwaste water and solid waste disposal systemscause a severe health risk to the urban popula-tion.

The four towns accommodate one third (about230,000 people in 1990) of the whole populationof the Zanzibar islands. The urban population isestimated to be almost 340,000 by the year 2000and nearly 600,000 by the year 2015. This popula-tion development would lead to very densely popu-lated urban areas with large suburban fringeareas, which would mean enormous problems interms of space and employment especially in thetown of Zanzibar.

Successful urban water supply and sewerage deve-lopment will establish economic self-relianceamong the water organization and will also con-tribute significantly to the success of the na-tional economic recovery programme, facilitatingthe development of tourism and industry. Theproject will make it possible to meet the futureincreased demands of water, as well as increasingskills and awareness among authorities, officialsand the public. Water supply development willcontribute to the environmental health situationof Zanzibar.


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Institutional framework

The Ministry of Water, Construction, Energy,Lands and Environment of Zanzibar has, throughthe Department of Water Development (DWD), fullresponsibility for the provision of water sup-plies in Zanzibar. The DWD is the sole nationalauthority for all water-related undertakings inthe two islands.

The Competent Authorities of the two Governmentsfor the implementation of the Project are theMinistry for Foreign Affairs of Finland, repre-sented in Finland by the Finnish InternationalDevelopment Agency, FINNIDA, and in Tanzania bythe Embassy of Finland in Dar es Salaam, and theMinistry of Finance of Tanzania. However, inmatters pertaining to the substance of the pro-ject and not affecting the overall respon-sibilities of the Government of Tanzania, theDepartment of Water Development in the Ministryof Water, Construction, Energy, Lands and Enviro-nment of Zanzibar has the right to represent theMinistry of Finance.

The other organizations of Zanzibar involved inproject implementation are the Municipal Councilof Zanzibar and the Town Councils of Pemba, theIrrigation Department of the Ministry of Agricul-ture, the Commission for Lands and Environment,the Institute of Marine Science of the Universityof Dar es Salaam, the Ministry of Health, theMinistry of Education, the Ministry of Trade andIndustry, and the State Fuel and PowerCorporation.

5. Objectives

The general development objective of the projectis that of providing its beneficiaries with safewater in a sustainable, cost-effective way withminimum environmental risks, and to provide waterauthorities institutional capability to effec-tively operate, manage and maintain the facili-ties.


VII

The development objectives of each sub-projectare the following:

Economic and institutional development

To contribute to the development of a clear-cutpolicy and strategy for urban water supply andachievement of economic efficiency, as well as toimprove financial performance, institutionalcapacity, and the quality of human and materialresources of the organization in charge of watersupply. In addition, the involvement of consumersto water issues will be encouraged.

Water supply development

To establish adequate and safe urban watersupply systems appropriate to prevailing economicand functional conditions.

Water resources and environmental development

To guarantee the adequate share of waterresources for urban water supply and improve theenvironmental and health status of the Unguja andPemba islands by improving the water quality andto minimize any possible environmentaldeterioration due to project activities.

6. Project strategy

The first implementation phase 1991-1994 of theproject shall concentrate on financial, institu-tional, human resources, community participationand environmental development, as well as on theverification of groundwater development plans andthe development of preventive and correctivemaintenance systems. The main emphasis in thebeginning shall be on developing a tariff policyfor the water organization. The technical partof this phase of the project mainly consists ofthe most urgent repair works and the technicalplanning for the following phases.

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The project is divided into three sub-projects:(1) economic and institutional development, (2)water supply development and (3) water resourcesand environmental development.

The target of economic and institutional develop-ment is that of gradually developing economicallyself-reliant water organization which shall becapable of effectively managing, operating andmaintaining the water supply systems.

Providing urban water organization with the ne-cessary management authority, financial indepen-dence and legal basis for operation is the res-ponsibility of the political bodies and authori-ties of Zanzibar. The role of the project is tocontribute by participating in preparatory com-mittee work and drafting proposals and estimateswith local experts and officials. The decisionmaking responsibility lies with the Zanzibari au-thorities.

I Human resources development is part of institu-

tional development. It is a continuous processof assessing the shortcomings in manpower and

• organization.To solve the problems regarding the inadequacy of

I the contacts between the beneficiaries and water

authorities and the lack of knowledge about waterissues, the beneficiaries need to be informed,educated and motivated through an extensive com-munity education and participation programme.The implementation of the water supply develop-ment activities shall be based on revised waterpolicies and guidelines of the Government of Zan-zibar as well as on the action plan outlined inthe Urban Water Supply Development Plan 1991-2015. The construction and renovation programmesshall be devised in relation to the progress ofthe financial, institutional and human resourcesdevelopment components, subject to frequentreviews in connection with the annual work plans.

Water resources development, including drillingand monitoring activities and the establishmentof a coordinating system for ground waterutilization, shall be initiated already in theearly stages of the first implementation phase.


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Development of the water quality and environmen-tal monitoring facilities and capabilities shallbe emphasized from the beginning of the firstimplementation phase and maintained throughoutthe project periods.

The preliminary environmental impact assessment(EIA) for the project was done during the plan-ning phase. The work shall be continued by car-rying out further EIA study during the rainy sea-son.

The capacities and facilities of the existing DWDwater laboratory established during the planningphase shall be extended during the first imple-mentation phase. Extensive water quality monito-ring programmes are to be prepared and implement-ed. Special studies on ground water pollutionshall also take place.

7. Inputs of the two Governments

Finnish input

The Finnish implementation agency will providespecialist advisors for the project. The Finnishlabor input will be strongest during the firstyear of the first implementation phase of theproject, and will be decreased over the followingyears.

The FINNIDA budget is FIM 50,000,000, and in-cludes the costs of Finnish staff, materials andequipment needed to support the implementingagency, materials and equipment required by DWDfor the project, and costs of construction con-tracts that will be awarded.

Tanzanian/Zanzibari input

It is essential for the success of the projectthat the Department of Water Development providethe necessary full-time specialists for theproject. These experts would form, together withthe staff of the Finnish implementing agency, theProject Implementation Unit, which will workwithin the DWD.


A fixed budget amount shall be allocated for theProject in Tanzanian shillings for the procure-ment of spare parts and materials for upkeepingthe present service level. A spare parts andmaterials list is to be issued by the local waterauthority. These supplies will be used by thelocal organization. The local allocation is 10 %of the total budget, except for technical assis-tance costs.

The UWS office, workshop and store plot at Mablueand Madema in Zanzibar Town and laboratory plotwith ready made house in Saateni are to beprovided by the Government of Zanzibar, as wellas the premises needed in Pemba.Constructing/finalizing and equipping thebuildings will be done by the project after thenew UWS organization is approved.

8. Risks and assumptions

Zanzibar is going through a period of politicalchange and is also having to cope with repercus-sions arising from the Gulf Crisis. There is arisk that it will take some time yet before theimprovements proposed by the project are sus-tained by a viable organization. Both governmentand individual water users lack finances. Thetiming of the reintroduction of charges for do-mestic beneficiaries after a gap of over 15 yearsmay be critical.

Other factors which may delay the scheduledimplementation of the project include delays ininternational procurement; delays in transporta-tion of equipment due to difficulties in connec-tions between Dar es Salaam, Zanzibar and Pemba;temporary power failures, especially in Pemba;inadequacy of staff for training; non-availabili-ty of adequately skilled local contractors; anddelays in the progress of the sewerage and drain-age project of the Stone Town.


1 BACKGROUND AND JUSTIFICATION

1.1 Project area and population

Zanzibar consists of two major islands, Unguja and Pem-ba, which were formed out of a large delta formation ofthe Ruvu River, emerging during the rift faulting ofcoastal East Africa. Unguja is separated from the Tan-zanian mainland by a shallow ocean floor approximately4 0 km wide, and Pemba by the 700 m deep Pemba Channel.The islands are located a few hundred kilometers southof the equator. Unguja and Pemba cover areas of 1660km2 and 984 km2 respectively (figure 1) . There are fourtowns on the islands, Zanzibar Town on Unguja and ChakeChake, Wete and Mkoani on Pemba.

The future population projections are in this documentbased on today's estimated population growth. The fol-lowing tables present figures for the two islands andseparately for the four towns which are the targetareas of the project.

Population projections for Unguja and Pemba:

1988 1990 2000 2015

Unguja 387428 413240 571800 936800

Pemba 265039 279000 360700 530100

ZanzibarGrand Total 652462 692240 935500 1466900

Population projections for the four towns:

Zanzibar Town

Chake Chake

Wete

Mkoani

1988

176231

13972

19196

7327

1990

190000

14380

20800

7400

2000

275300

20900

30000

9900

2015

483000

36500

54800

15600


1.2. Economic setting in Zanzibar

1.2.1 Institutional system

Since 1964 Zanzibar has been an integral part of theUnited Republic of Tanzania, at the same time retainingconsiderable autonomy. Zanzibar has its own constitu-tion, president and government, giving the countryauthority over the legislative and executive affairs aswell as its economic policies.

The Revolutionary Government of Zanzibar has appliedsocialist principles to a centrally planned economy.There is almost total state ownership, including theownership of land.

1.2.2 Social infrastructure

The Arab and Indian communities, who earlier dominatedthe political and business life of Zanzibar, left thecountry after the revolution. This, combined with theambitious policies of free education, free housing andfree health care at a time of economic decline led to amajor breakdown of the infrastructure through a lack offunding and a lack of skills at all levels. Shortagesof teachers, doctors and engineers were particularlyacute. Schools are currently overcrowded, hospitalsare ill-equipped and understaffed, and housing andwater services are in a state of disrepair.

1.2.3 External assistance

The UN agencies, Finland and Denmark are major sourcesof external assistance and are at present fundingprograms in the health, agriculture, forestry, water,communication and education sectors.

1.2.4 Economic performance

Zanzibar's economy is dominated by agriculture, whichaccounts for between 50 % and 60 % of its G.N.P. Thisheavy dependence on agriculture becomes even more sig-nificant in light of the fact that the economy relieson its clove crop as the main source for foreign ex-change. Apart from cloves the remaining agriculturalactivity consists of subsistence farming.


Overproduction of cloves in Indonesia has resulted inmajor drops in clove prices on the world market strik-ing a serious blow to the economy of Zanzibar. Infla-tion has soared and services have deteriorated evenmore rapidly. Consumer prices have risen at more than20 % per annum since 1982 with prices doubling between1987 and 1989.

The price of imports significantly affects domesticprices. The combined effect of rising import pricesand a major depreciation of the Tanzanian Shilling(from a mid-1987 eguivalent of TAS 65 to one USD, to anequivalent of TAS 190 to one USD at the end of 1990)are the cause of rapid increases in domestic prices.

All these factors have had a major impact on the finan-ces of the government and of administrative bodies,resulting in an inability to generate sufficientrevenue to cover expenditures. This in turn has led tothe lowering of wages in real terms, a severe cut-backin maintenance and in the growth of the public sectordebt on a massive scale.

Recognizing the seriousness of the situation thegovernment is continuing to pursue a comprehensive eco-nomic recovery programme first undertaken in 1987. Themain targets of this programme are:

1) to reduce subsidies on imported food andstimulate home production

2) to control government spending

3) to develop the private sector, especiallyregarding non agricultural area

4) to liberalize trade through the removal ofstate controls.

1.3 Present situation in the sector

1.3.1 Urban water supply

The present water supply system is comprised of foururban schemes: Zanzibar Town, Wete, Chake Chake andMkoani.

The existing urban water supply organization andmanpower is presented in figures 3/1, 3/2, 4/1 and 4/2.

Zanzibar Town

The scheme covers approximately 24 km2, 145 km ofpipeline ranging in diameter from 50 mm to 600 mm. Thepopulation served is 157,640 people (1988).


Water sources

Urban Zanzibar gets its water supply from eight watersources (5 boreholes, 2 springs and 1 cave) with anaverage production of between 15,000 - 18,000 m3/day.None of the water sources are properly protected andthere is a high risk of pollution and contamination.Also, water is neither treated nor disinfected.

Water pipelines

The total length of high pressure network pipeline is132.5 km with diameters ranging from 50 mm to 450 mm.The low pressure mains located in limited areas of town(Bububu, Mtoni and Harbour) cover a 12.5 km length ofpipeline ranging from 150 mm to 600 mm (C.I.)-

Some portions of pipe network are in poor condition(old systems, lack of spare fittings, etc.) and needproper maintenance and replacement.

Storage facilities

The storage facilities include overhead pressed steeltanks, underground concrete tanks and on-ground steeltanks. Five tanks (3 underground, 2 overheads) locatedat the Saateni water works serve the town area pipenetwork and east distribution pipe network. Two tanks(1 underground, l on-ground) located at the Welezohigh-level zone serve the suburban area pipe network.The total storage capacity of the above tanks is 7820m3.

Most of the tanks are in bad condition (corroded andleaking), and need repair or replacement.

Saateni booster station

The station receives water from two spring sources (Bu-bubu and Mtoni) amounting to 5,000 - 13,000 m3/day. Itis made up of the following structures:

a) inlet house with weirs and chlorination basin,where water from Bububu and Mtoni springs iscollected

b) three underground concrete reservoirs, two ofthem being 1000 m3 and one 2250 m3

c) booster station equipped with the followingpumps:

1 electric driven pump 504 m3/h x 52 m2 electric driven pumps 225 m3/h x 63 m1 diesel driven pump 450 m3/h x 30 m

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d) two overhead reservoirs of a volume of 4 50 meach.

e) two small workshop office buildings on locale.

Due to old age and poor conditions, the Saateni waterworks structure needs repair or replacement for utili-zation in the future.

Wete

The scheme covers approximately 10 km2, 2 0 km ofpipeline (diameter 50 mm - 200 mm). The populationserved is 30,000 people (1988).

Water sources

The town of Wete is served by three water sources (2springs and 1 borehole). The average production ofthese sources is 2100 m3/day - 2760 m3/day. None of thesources are properly protected. The pumping systemsand structural facilities are poor and need replacementor proper maintenance. No water sources have disin-fection facilities.

Pipelines

The high pressure pipe network is old and some portionsare in poor condition (due to a lack of spare fit-tings) . It must be properly repaired or replaced inorder to reduce leakage.

Storage facilities

The water tanks, which include one on-ground and twooverheads located at Mtemani, serve the town area pipenetwork distribution mains. The total storage capacityof these tanks is 52 0 m3. The tanks are in poor condi-tion (leaking and corroded) and need renovation.

Mtemani booster station

Mteraani booster station is made up of steel elevatedtanks and a booster station for pumping water intothem. The existing booster pumps are very old and inpoor condition. They should either be renovated orpreferably replaced by a direct high-pressure zonepumping out of one of the existing or future watersources.


Water sources

The town of Mkoani is served by two water sources(boreholes). The average pumping of the sources is 320to 400 m3/day« The water sources are not properlyprotected. The condition of the sources is poor (sil-ting problem) and its pumping facilities are worn-outand need replacement.

Pipelines and storage facilities

The pipelines are in poor condition (leakage due to alack of spare parts). Only one overhead tank is lo-cated at Uweleni with a capacity of 180 m3. The tank isin fairly good condition and does not require majorrenovation. Additional storage facilities would beneeded at the same location in the future.

1.3.2 Urban sanitation

The waste water and solid waste disposal system of thetowns of Unguja and Pemba is at the moment poor, butsome improvement for the waste water disposal is to beseen with the Sewerage and Drainage Project. The pro-ject is planned to be started soon, but will con-centrate only on the area of the Zanzibar Stone Town.

At the moment, there are centralized sewerage systemsonly for some areas, such as the Stone Town and theKikvajuni Housing Scheme in Zanzibar. Even in theseplaces the sewers are often blocked due to poor main-tenance, misuse and sand brought in by tides. There-fore, although the waste waters are in principal dis-charged into the sea through various outlets to dif-ferent parts of the coast, the waste often does notreach the sea, but seeps into the ground thereby pol-luting the ground water. In the areas where the wastewaters have reached the sea, the coastal water has beenfound polluted and unsuitable for swimming in.

In the Zanzibar Stone Town 80 % of the population haveflush toilets with septic tanks and the rest have pitlatrines. There is, however, no easy access for trucksin the cleaning of the septic tanks, resulting in over-flow and contamination. In the suburban areas scat-tered around Zanzibar Town and in the towns of Pembapit latrines are mainly used. In those areas open airdefecation is also common.

1.3.3 Water resources

Groundwater is the only feasible alternative for meet-ing the water demands of the municipalities of Ungujaand Pemba. The ground water resources are also neededfor rural water supplies and for irrigation purposes.


Based on the estimated daily water demand, the need forground water in urban areas will be as follows:

Unguj a:

low domestic

Zanzibar Town

by 1990 - 13000 m3/day

by 2000 - 27300 m3/day

by 2015 - 59500 m3/day

Pemba:

by 1990

by 2000

by 2015

Wete

1200

2600

6800

ChakeChake

800

1800

4100

Mkoani

400

800

1700

Pemba Totalm3/day

2400

5100

12600

The possibilities for drawing these quantities fromground water sources are discussed in the followingchapters.

Zanzibar:

The Bumbwi Corridor runs across Unguja Island fromnorth to south, passing a few kilometers east of Zan-zibar. It offers a feasible ground water developmentarea for drawing water for the town, up to anapproximate quantity of 70,000 m3/day.

Altogether 8,000 - 10,000 m3/day could eventually beobtained from Bububu Spring and Mtoni Spring, which arelocated just near the Zanzibar town center and there-fore would be very economical sources. Mtoni Spring,however, has some problems with water quality whichmust first be solved.

Another potential source could be the Kisima Mchangasub-corridor (20,000 m3/day), which lies at a distanceof about 15 - 25 km from Zanzibar. However, thisdistance may be a rather uneconomical pumping distance.Another potential source is the Koani-Kiongoni area, ata distance of 6 - 8 km, which could yield up to10,000 -20,000 m3/day.


The feasibility of different alternatives is to be stu-died during 1991 - 1994, through test drilling and testpumping programs. The location of the proposedgroundwater development areas is presented in figure 2.

The planned intake areas are to be gazetted as areasrestricted for groundwater development for Zanzibartown. Possible excess water resources may be allocatedfor rural and irrigation use, to be decided upon by theproposed water board.

The water quality in the corridor areas is very goodfor domestic purposes. There is a theoretical chancefor sea water intrusion from the southern end of theBumbwi Corridor as the potentiometric gradient decrea-ses to only +2 m above the mean annual seawater level.However, the recently obtained test pumping resultsshow that large quantities of groundwater can be pumpedfrom this area without overly changing the water tableconditions.

Town of chake Chake:

Kwapweza Spring would offer a supply source of up to 50% of today's water demand for the Chake Chake area.Three to four test/production boreholes should be dril-led in the Kwapweza and Msingeni areas to determine theavailable additional ground water potential. Based onvery tentative estimates a total of about 1,000 m3/dayof groundwater could eventually be obtained from theKwapweza valley.

According to geoelectrical sounding results, highyielding boreholes - over 50-100 nr/hour - can be drill-ed in the Kiziwamaji area, about 4 km northeast ofKwapweza.

The valley in which the Jamvini C7 borehole is locatedis a continuation of the Kwapweza valley and offers thefirst alternative well-field location, with possibleyields of 3000 - 6000 m3/day.

The Changaraweni borehole valley could yield about 4000m3/day* This area requires careful monitoring and de-tailed study as there is a chance for sea water in-trusion. The water contains iron and must be treated.Changaraweni should not be considered a priority areain future well-field plans.


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1.4 Project history

The Rural Water Supply Plan was prepared by a Germanconsultant, during 1987 - 1990, based on African Deve-lopment Bank finance and under the coordination of theDepartment of Water Development.

FINNIDA and the United Republic of Tanzania signed anagreement in October 1989 on the preparation of an Ur-ban Water Supply Development Plan, covering the townsof Zanzibar, Chake Chake, Mkoani and Wete.

Project operations commenced in November 1989 asplanned. The expected time for completion of a draftUrban Water Supply Development Plan is by the end of1990. During the planning phase the following studieshave taken place:

Water Resources StudyInstitutional StudyHousehold SurveyPhysical Planning of Water SuppliesFinancial and Economic AnalysisPreliminary Environmental Impact As-sessment

The Government of the United Republic of Tanzania hasfurther requested FINNIDA to consider financing thefirst implementation phase, 1991 - 1994.

The KfW, a German development funding agency, hasagreed on financing preparation of the Urban Drainageand Sewerage Development Plan for Zanzibar, due tocommence in 1991.

The Government of Zanzibar has nominated a committeefor the preparation of a General Water Policy. The Ur-ban Water Supply Development Plan Project is represent-ed in the committee.

1.5 Justification of the project

The four towns accommodate one third (about 230,000 in1990) of the whole population of the Zanzibar Islands(Unguja and Pemba). Zanzibar has a population of176,000 and is the main commercial, industrial andtourism center of the islands. With today's growth ratethe urban population is estimated to be almost340,000 by the year 2000 and nearly 600,000 by the year2015. This population development would lead to verydensely populated urban areas with a large suburbanfringe area, which would mean enormous problems interms of space and employment, especially in Zanzibarproper.

Trade in spices, especially cloves, is traditionallythe main source of foreign income for the islands. The


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price of cloves has gone down, and the foreign exchangereserve of Zanzibar has decreased drastically. Theeconomy of the islands is undergoing a recoveryprogramme phase, seeking ways and means of saving andgenerating adequate foreign currency funds for the pro-curement of necessities such as spare parts, machinesand food products and for achieving self sufficiency,especially in agricultural production.

The present urban water supply schemes are supposed toserve about 200000 inhabitants at the moment. However,the conditions of the present water supply systems arepoor and water quality is bacteriologically unsatisfac-tory due to pollution through unprotected intakes,broken pipes and unhygienic storage tanks. Distribu-tion interruptions are common mainly due to shortagesof electricity, and service coverage inadequate due toan insufficient quality of infrastructure and poor ope-ration and maintenance. Ultimate reasons for all thiscan be found in an insufficient institutional set-up,poor financial performance and a lack of motivation andskills, as well as a lack of water policies and legis-lation.

The inadequate water supply together with the poorwaste water and solid waste disposal systems cause asevere health risk to the urban population, which isalso partly due to a poor level of knowledge aboutwater, sanitation and health issues among thebeneficiaries.

Successful urban water supply and sewerage developmentwill establish economic self-reliance among the waterauthorities and will also essentially contribute to thesuccess of the national economic recovery programme,facilitating the development of tourism and industry.It will make it possible to meet the future increaseddemands of water as well as increasing skills andawareness among authorities, officials and the public.Water supply development will contribute to theenvironmental health situation Zanzibar.


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2 TARGET GROUPS, ENVIRONMENTAL SETTINGS AND INSTITUTIONALFRAMEWORK

2.1 Target groups

The primary target groups of the Urban Water SupplyProject are the inhabitants of the four towns in Zan-zibar and the industries and other commercial usersserved by the supplies. These are the groups whichwill benefit from the improved water supply. Directproject assistance, however, is given to the waterauthorities in order to develop their capabilities ofimproving the water supply situation.

2.2 Environmental settings

The environment of the islands of Zanzibar is stillquite unspoiled but also very sensitive, and so thereare some risks to be taken into account in futuredevelopment activities.

From the environmental and health point of view the im-pacts of the water supply project are more beneficialthan adverse, and the project will assist in solvingsome of the problems already identified in Zanzibar.However, some negative impacts can also be foreseen ifproper care is not taken concerning the environmentalaspects.

Environmental issues related to around water quantity

As mentioned before, ground water reserves are the onlywater resource for urban and rural water supplies forboth Unguja and Pemba. These include boreholes,springs and caves. Ground water is also needed forrural water supplies. Shallow wells are very importanteven in urban areas for replacing the piped water supp-ly when there is no electricity (in Pemba about half ofthe time) or when there are some other problems in thefunctioning of the town supplies. Agriculture is a biguser of ground water for irrigation purposes.

At the moment the ground water reserves seem to begood. The remarkable increase in the use of groundwater for future town water supplies, together withother uses such as irrigation and a probable increasein the use of water due to the development of tourism,may cause some problems in the future. The possibleconsequent drop in the level of ground water will firstaffect the shallow wells, which obviously will dry up.

The possible salinization of ground water will beanother major problem regarding effective ground wateruse.


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Environmental issues related to ground water qualityand health

Most of the health problems in Zanzibar result from orare caused by poor living conditions. They are mainlyrelated to factors such as socio-economic status,climate, cultural practices, poverty, rapid growth ofpopulation and inadequate and unsanitary livingconditions, including the inadequate quality ofdrinking water and the poor personal hygiene habits.

Almost all the water intakes of urban water supplies inUnguja and Pemba were found to be bacteriologicallypolluted, and therefore also the whole network. Evenfecal pollution seems to take place. The sources areusually not covered or otherwise protected and there-fore any kind of pollution is possible- The pollutionmay also take place within the network due to leakagesof pipelines and unhygienic storage tanks. The shallowwells also appeared polluted. The microbiological pol-lution of drinking water can be considered the mostacute water related health problem for the public atthe moment.

Historically the ground water sources and water supplyof Zanzibar have had a very good reputation for clean-liness and good taste. According to the first resultsof the household survey done during the planning phaseof the project, the quality of the water of theZanzibar Town supply is also considered good.

In Zanzibar the soil is generally very permeable (dueto sand and coral) and therefore any waste materials orchemicals discharged into the ground without treatmentcan easily pollute the groundwater and thus create ahealth hazard.

In the future the increased amount of domestic wastewater due to expanded water supply systems may add tothe problem of poor waste water disposal andgroundwater pollution. This can be avoided by properplanning and coordination of the activities of theproject with the forthcoming sanitation project inStone Town of Zanzibar. The problem of sanitationoutside the Stone Town is still unsolved. It was notincluded in this project.

The physical and chemical quality of the ground wateris generally good. The intrusion of sea water into theground water could be a problem, but no alarmingresults have been found so far. One possible risk tothe quality of ground water is the pesticides and fer-tilizers used in agriculture, especially in rice cul-tivation, where evidently a lot of herbicides are usedto control weeds. In forestry activities chemicalsare used only in nurseries, which limits the problem toa few small areas. Evidently the level of chemical usein industry in Zanzibar is not high. However, there are


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some potential pollution risks - especially becausethere are no controls on the discharge of waste watersand waste matters.

Other environmental issues related to the project

The construction activities of the project may havesome indirect environmental impacts, such as landscapedegradation and beach erosion due to the use of graveland sand. Possible hazards to ground water due to con-struction activities should also be taken into account.Setting up open water storage places on constructionsites should also be avoided, as the sites can be bree-ding places for mosquitos. The project may add to theproblem of unplanned expansion by creating new job op-portunities. It may also promote tourism, which againhas its adverse effects on environment. These and otherpossible risks, which may seem small at this stage,should be considered throughout the implementation ofthe project. The awareness of possible environmentalrisks must be increased among the authorities andproject personnel.

2.3 Institutional framework

The Ministry of Water, Construction, Energy, Lands andEnvironment (MWCELE) has full responsibility, throughthe Department of Water Development (DWD), for theprovision of water supplies (see the organization,figures 3/1, 3/2, 4/1 and 4/2). DWD is the sole na-tional authority for all water-related undertakings onthe two islands, including the issuing of permits todrill boreholes for agricultural purposes.

In 1986 responsibility for the urban drainage and sewerfunctions was given to the local government, being nowunder the supervision of the Municipal Council ofZanzibar Town and the Town Councils in Pemba.

The Ministry of Health has on occasion undertaken theresponsibility of water quality monitoring, though noton a regular basis.

The Ministries of Finance and Planning approve andallocate the budget, and the Price Commission approvestaxes and rates. Since 1982 only commercial andindustrial consumers such as hotels, factories andships have been charged for water.

Other Ministries, Departments and Institutions of Zan-zibar which will be involved with or affected by theproject are as follows:

Cooperation with the Irrigation Department ofthe Ministry of Agriculture in the planning ofground water resources will be undertaken.


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The Commission for Lands and Environment, inparticular its Department of Environment,plays an important role in intersectoral co-operation on environmental issues, which theproject will also promote.

The Institute of Marine Science (in Zanzibar)of the University of Dar es Salaam is involvedin water quality control studies and otherenvironmental research. Plans for cooperationwith the project already exist.

Hygiene and health education activities of theproject will be implemented in conjunctionwith the Ministry of Health.

The Ministry of Education will be involved inplanning the training programs of the project,which will also affect the existing teacher'straining and school programs of the Ministry.

The Ministry of Trade and Industry will assistthe project in providing development forecastsfor industry and trade.

Functioning cooperation should exist with theState Fuel and Power Corporation to guaranteethe availability of their services.


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OBJECTIVES AND INDICATORS

The project has one general development objective, asdetermined in 1989 and stated in the project documentof the planning phase. In addition, each of the threesub-projects have their own long term development ob-jectives. All these objectives are to be graduallyachieved by the end of the planned deadline for theDevelopment Plan.

Each sub-project has various immediate objectives,which are to be achieved during the first implementa-tion phase 1991-1994. These immediate objectives withachievement indicators are presented in table 1.

The achievement of objectives will be followed up byusing indicators (table 1). This monitoring will bedone in the process of progress reporting, and will becomplied with ideas for revising the project plans whenthe indicators are not met.

The general development objective of the project is:

To provide beneficiaries with:

safe water in a sustainable, cost-effective way with a minimum of en-vironmental risks

and to provide water authorities with:

institutional capability toeffectively operate, manage and main-tain the facilities

The development objectives of each sub-project are thefollowing:

sub-project l: Economic and institutional development

Development objective:

To contribute to the development of a clear-cut policy and strategy for urban water supplyand achievement of economic efficiency, aswell as to improve financial performance, in-stitutional capacity, and the quality of humanand material resources of the organization incharge of water supply. In addition, theinvolvement of consumers to water issues willbe encouraged.


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Development indicators:

Existence of a new policy and strate-gy for a self-supporting urban watersupply organization.

Existence of a self-reliant urbanwater organization.

Water systems function without pro-blems related to an inadequate or-ganizational set up.

Sub-project 2: Water supply development


To establish adequate and safe urban watersupply systems appropriate to the prevailingeconomic and functional conditions.


Inhabitants of the four towns aresupplied with a safe and adequatewater systems.

Sub-project 3: Water resources and environmentaldevelopment


To guarantee the adequate share of waterresources for urban water supply and improvethe environmental and health status of theUnguja and Pemba islands by improving thewater quality and to minimize any possibleenvironmental deterioration due to projectactivities.


Plans exist for meeting the futurewater supply needs.

Ground water quality meets the stan-dards set for safe and good drinkingwater.

No apparent environmental deteriora-tion due to project activities can beseen.


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COMPONENTS, OUTPUTS, OUTPUT SPECIFICATIONS

The project has three sub-projects, which are furtherdivided into components. The sub-projects, components,outputs and output specifications are presented intable l.

The division to sub-projects should not be consideredtoo important and rigid, but the work should be done asteam work, where all the experts of different fields -local and expatriate - plan and implement theactivities together.

TABLE 1. Components, Objectives, Indicators, Outputs and Output Specifications

SUB-PROJECT 1. ECONOMIC AND INSTITUTIONAL DEVELOPMENT

DEVELOPMENT OBJECTIVE DEVELOPMENT INDICATORS

To contribute to the develop-ment of a clear-cutpolicy and strategy forurban water supply andachievement of economic efficiencyas well as to improvefinancial performance,institutional capacity andthe quality of human andmaterial resources within theorganization in chargeof water supply. In addition,increased involvement ofof consumers to water issueswill be encouraged.

Strategy for self-supportingurban water supply organizationis included in the generalwater policy.

Existence of serf-reliant urbanwater supply organization.

Water systems function withoutproblems related to an inadequateorganizational set up.

COMPONENT

1.1 Financialandeconomicdevelopment

IMMEDIATE OBJECTIVES

- To develop a basicstructure for selfsupporting urban watersupply organization

- Introduction of watercharges

ACHIEVEMENT INDICATORS

- Comments on overall policygiven

- Existence of a detailedprogramme for a gradualchange to a self supportingwater organization

- Local and foreign accountopened

- Domestic revenue collectionstarted

- Training material exists- The output specifications

are fulfilled

OUTPUTS

- Guidelines and policy paperfor UWS

- Revenue billing system

OUTPUT SPECIFICATIONS

- Water works rulesprepared

- Financial policiesdefined

- Rules for revenue collectionestablished

COMPONENT IMMEDIATE OBJECTIVES ACHIEVEMENT INDICATORS OUTPUTS OUTPUT SPECIFICATIONS

1.2 Institutional - To develope an organiza-arrangements tional structure suitableand management for operating anddevelopment maintaining the urban

water supply systems

- To increase the capabilityof the urban water suppfyorganization for developingits management andoperational activities andtaking corrective actions

- To create functioningrelations and coordinationwith sewerage & drainage,health and other authorities

- Organization chart preparedand duties of departmentspecified

- Recommendations for optimumstaffing pattern and requiredqualifications prepared

- Basic indicators for monitoringand control prepared and putinto use

- Dynamic system of jobdescriptions and performanceevaluation introduced andconnected with personnel policy

- Output specificationsfulfilled

- Specification of the scopeof authority of the urbanwater supply organizationtaking into accountfunctioning relations withrelated sectors

New organizational structuresuitable for operating andmaintaining the urban watersupply system

Increased capability of theorganizatbn for developingits management andoperational activities andtaking corrective actions

The goals and tasks of theurban water supply organi-zation specified in waterpolicy and legislationThe scope of the authority ofUWS and the rights andresponsibilities of consumersdefined in water works rules

Measures taken to transformthe present organization intoa self reliant one

- Recommendations for an adequatemanpower information systemgiven

- Personnel policy prepared- An annual financial and

operational planning andmonitoring system and theintegration of this in thethe decision-making introduced

- Job descriptions and standardsfor work performance preparedfor each employee

- Training programme concerningthe use of managerial toolsand a management informationsystem prepared

roo

COMPONENT IMMEDIATE OBJECTIVES ACHIEVEMENT INDICATORS OUTPUTS OUTPUT SPECIFICATIONS

1.3 Humanresourcesdevelopment

To create adequate abilitiesamong the staff in handlingnew working tools, andlo be able to adopt anddevelop new working methodsTo devebpe managerial andoperational staff resourcesappropriate to the tasks ofurban water supplyTo upgrade the level of theurban water supply inproducing and implementinghuman resources developmentplans and training programmesTo upgrade the level ofprofessional and vocationalskills of the urban watersupply authority and improvehuman resources

- Detailed staffing plan prepared- Guidelines for the development

of a qualitative and quantitativestaffing structure prepared

- Plans including budget proposalsproduced

- Training practices introducedand people responsible fortraining determined

- Basic on the job trainingmaterial prepared

- Training of the trainersexecuted

- Detailed plans for participationin basic professional andvocational training in Zanzibar,the mainland and abroad prepared

- Comprehensive training programmefor the fields of management,design, operation, maintenanceand construction prepared

- Development plan preparedjointly with the Ministry ofEducation

- Managerial and operationalstaff resources appropriateto the tasks of urban watersupply organization

Improved level of skills inthe urban water supplyorganization for producingand implementing humanresources development plansand training programmedevelopment

Improved level ofprofessional and vocationalskills in the urban watersupply organization andimproved human capacity

Staffing structure andqualification requirementsspecifiedRecommendations given foradditonally required managerialand operational manpower

Plans developed for a continu-ous system for assessingmanpower and training needsfor providing annual andlong-term staff plansPatterns for on-the-jobtraining developedTraining programme of infernaltrainers prepared

Training needs assessed andprioritized, expertise needsestimatedA comprehensive trainingprogramme for every tradegroup covering the entirefield of activities of theurban water organizationprepared in conjunction withrelevant training institutionsRecommendations made fordeveloping relevant vocationaltraining in Zanzibar

ro

COMPONENT IMMEDIATE OBJECTIVES ACHIEVEMENT INDICATORS OUTPUTS

1.4 Communityeducation andparticipation

- To increase theresponsibility of urbaninhabitants regardingwater issues

- To increase the awarenessof water, health andenvironmental aspects amongurban inhabitants

- To strengthen the cooper-ation between differentauthorities on waterissues as well os toengourage the involvementof local governments inincreasing awareness ofwater related issuesamong urban inhabitants

Communication strategy existsCitizen's water supply guideexistsConsumer service activitiesspecified and assigned withinthe UWS

Curriculum prepared of watersubjects to be integrated intothe teachers' training syllabusTeaching material for teachersand for the campaign preparedPilot "Water Day" conducted,programme and material revisedbased on the pilot campaign[nformation spots on radio, andadvertisements and articlesin newspapers commenced;proposal drawn up for TVprogrammes concerningwater issues

Joint programme forcooperation between differentauthorities exists

- increased responsibility ofurban inhabitants concerningwater issues

Consolidation ofenvironmental educationrelated to water inprimary schoolsPlan for disseminatingwater information viamass media supportingactivities carried outby urban water supplyorganization and loco!governments

Strenghtened cooperationwith other authoritiesrelated to water issues aswell as involvement of localgovernments in efforts toincrease awareness of water-related matters among urbaninhabitants


- Relationships betweenbeneficiaries and waterauthorities are defined bywater works rules

- Orientation programme forteachers trainers prepared

- Plan for campaignsfor schools preparedand scheduled

- Joint programme with theMinstry of Health on waterand helth for health workersespecially for those workingwith mothers

- Plan for seminar seriesprepared jointly with localgovernments concerningopportunities for themto contribute to theimprovement of urban watersupply

SUB-PROJECT 2. WATER SUPPLY DEVELOPMENT

DEVELOPMENT OBJECTIVE

To establish adequate and safeurban water supply systemsappropriate to prevailingeconomic and functionalconditions.

DEVELOPMENT INDICATORS

Inhabitants of the four townsare supplied with safe andadequate water systems.

COMPONENT IMMEDIATE OBJECTIVE ACHIEVEMENT INDICATORS OUTPUTS OUTPUT SPECIFICATIONS

2.1 Improvementof UWSschemes

- To increase volume of watersupply by maximizing the useof existing installations

- To improve the pressurelevel in existingdistribution network

- To safequard the drinkingwater quality from healthhazards

- To complete the immediaterepair works within thedistribution network

- To complete basic facilitiesfor supporting activitiesneeded for O & M of watersupply system

- Better correlation betweenpumpages and collected revenue

- Improvements in meetingthe water demand

Continuous disinfectionof the supplied water

Continuous supply ofequipment and toolsReduced losses and periodsof non-operation duringpower failures, etc.

Availability of engineeringdesigns, specifications andmanuals

- Improved service in themulti-storey housing areas

- Decreased water losses

Improved water quality inthe network

Improved yield from existingintakes

Engineering designs andmanuals

- Increased water volume- Improved pressure levels- Decreased water losses

- No seepage back to network

Imported equipment, sparesand tools are available

Detailed designs for newworks and rehabilitationsare availableCost estimates for civil,mechanical and electricalworks, material equipment andchemicals are available

- To improve the planningof future activities

- Availability of annualimplementation programmesfor 1991-1994

- Availability of implementationprogramme for 1995-2000 and2000-2015

- Implementation programmes- Revised master plan

Detailed designs forsupporting constructions areavailable

U>


2.2 Operation,maintenanceand monitoringof the schemes

- To guarantee sustainedsupply of water

To monitor the input andoutput of water quantities inthe distribution network

To monitor the conditionof the network

- To monitor the drinkingwater quality in the network

Appropriate manuals availablefor each implemented watersupply schemeContinuous supply ofspare parts

Availability of daily pumpingrecordsAvailability of operationfailure records

The report of leakage preparedwith technical and economicrecommendations forrenovation

Availability of water qualityrecords

- O & M programme anddevelopment plans

- O & M manuals- Improved service level

of the schemes

- Data base for monitoringthe schemes

- Leakage study results

- Water quality monitoringsystem (see component 3.3)

- O & M manuals are available- Imported spare parts and

tools are available- Minimized operational

failures in the network

- Data collected and recordedof daily supplies,operation failures andleakages

- Leakage records available

- Water quality recordsavailable

ro

SUB-PROJECT 3. WATER RESOURCES AND ENVIRONMENTAL DEVELOPMENT

DEVELOPMENT OBJECTIVE DEVELOPMENT INDICATORS

To quarantee the adequateshare of water resources forurban water supply andto improve the environmentaland health status of Hie Ungujaand Pemba islands by improvingwater quality and to avoid/minimize any possibleenvironmental deterioration dueto the project activities.

Plans exist for meetingthe future water supply needs

Ground water quality meets thestandards for safe and gooddrinking water.

No apparent environmentaldeterioration due to theproject activities can be seen.


3.1 Water resources - To coordinate Hie use ofdevelopment water resources

To monitor ground waterlevels and water quality aswell as meteorologicalinformation, to establisha reliable system forgathering long termmonitoring information

To guarantee the availabilityof water for urban watersupplies

- Coordinating system for groundwater utilization estsbiished

- Ground water resources inventoryfinalized

- Pumping and managementprocedures determined

- Economic aspects summarizedconcerning the ground waterprogramme

- Detailed drilling programmesexists up to the year 2015

- Coordinated use of waterresources

• Data base for ground watermonitoring

- Revised ground waterutilization plans

- Drilling programmes for1991-1994, 1995-2000 and2000-2015

- Water board established- Ground water legislation

and rules approved

- Meteorological and hydro-geological data gathered andprocessed

- Test drilling and pumpingresults available

- Ground water monitoringnetwork created

- Existing resourcesdevelopment plans verified

- Well-field layouts completedand long term drillingprogramme prepared

- Well production pacecoordinated with plans

COMPONENT IMMEDIATE OBJECTIVES ACHIEVEMENT INDICATORS

3.2 Protection ofwater sources

To improve and protect theenvironment of the existingwater intakesTo see that the future watersources and supplies meet theenvironmental and healthrequirements

- Protection plans existfor each existing andplanned intake

OUTPUTS

- Protected water intakes


- Protection plans forintakes prepared

3.3 Environmentalmonitoring

To strengthen water andwaste water monitoringcapacities and develop anextensive programme formonitoring the quality ofground water, as well assewage and sea waterTo establish a pragmaticenvironmental monitoringprogramme to avoid anyadverse environmental impactsdue to ground waterexploitation, increased wastegeneration, constructionactivities and projectside-effects

Water quality monitoringprogramme exists

Pragmatic environmentalmonitoring planStudy reports

Functioning water andwaste water monitoringsystem

Functioning environmentalmonitoring system

Functioning water and wastewater laboratory withtrained staff

Environmental monitoringplan prepared

3.4 Environmentalawareness

To improve environmentalawareness

All training programmesmentioned in 1.3, 1.4, 2.1and 2.2 include environ-mental issuesOrientation programme forauthorities in environmental issues

Increased environmentalawareness within waterauthorities, technicalpersonnel and community

Environmental issuesincluded in all training

3.5 Coordination - To strengthen coordinationof environmental of activities of environmentalactivities concern in cooperation

environmental, health,education, agriculture,forestry and tourismauthorities

Action plan for joint activitieswith environmental, health,agricultural, forestry and othersectors

Strengthened cooperationon environmental issuesbetween different sectororganizations

Action plan for jointactivities prepared

roc*


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5 PROJECT STRATEGY

5.1 Overall project strategy

The long-term programme for the development of the ur-ban water supply in Zanzibar consists of the planningphase, which took place in 1989-1990, and threeimplementation phases, 1991-1994, 1995-1998 and 1999-2002. The fourth phase, 2003-2006 will be the finalphase with FINNIDA support. By the end of the year 2006a self supporting urban water supply organizationshould exist and function.

During the planning phase a Master Plan for Urban WaterDevelopment has been prepared.

The first implementation phase 1991-1994 will con-centrate on financial, institutional, human resources,community participation and environmental development,as well as on the verification of groundwater develop-ment plans and the development of preventive and cor-rective maintenance systems. The main emphasis in thebeginning must be on developing a tariff policy for thewater organization. Depending on the progress of theeconomic and institutional changes, major renovationworks of water schemes can be considered. Detailedplanning for physical development will also take placeduring this phase.

The second implementation phase will place greater em-phasis on physical development and the monitoring offinancial, institutional, human resources, communityparticipation and environmental development. It ishoped that the water organization will be a self reli-ant unit by the end of the third phase (the year 2002).

The third implementation phase is the preparation forceasing from FINNIDA support. The fourth phase(phasing out) will concentrate on institutionalcoordination. Some import support will still be givenduring this phase.

Technical assistance must be gradually decreased.There may be one long term and a few short term ad-visers in the third phase. Technical assistance mustconcentrate on advising and training with particularattention given to managers, trainers, foremen and in-structors. In connection with training, local institu-tions will be used and their capacities strengthened.

The institutional development and training as well asthe ground water development programs will cover theentire project area egually.


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The participation of women in all training activitiesof the project must be emphasized. This does not meanonly education at the community level, but also theimprovement of professional capabilities and theemployment situation of women.

5.2 Approach to the implementation of the work

The project team will work within the existingorganization in charge of water supply in Zanzibarimplementing the policies and guidelines of the RGoZ.The role of the consultant is to advise in policy, or-ganizational and technical development as well as insocio-economic and environmental aspects.

The project will be implemented by working in closecooperation with all the sector agencies involved inwater supply development. Those organizations are lis-ted in the section 2.3 of this report. In addition,coordination links will be created with other donoragencies and NGO's working in Zanzibar in relatedsectors and fields.

It is emphasized that the technical plans for the urbanwater supply development should be considered asobjectives, which may be reached only if theinstitutional and economic development proceedaccording to the predictions of the Master Water Plan.Should the institutional and economic development atany stage fail to meet its obligations set in the UrbanWater Supply Development Plan (1990), the progress ofthe technical programme will be delayed until asatisfactory position prevails.

5.3 Economic and institutional development

Financial and economic development

The target of the policy and economic development isthat of gradually developing an economically self-reliant water organization capable of effectivelymanaging, operating and maintaining the water supplysystems.

For a self-supporting water organization the financingwould come from various income-generating systems. Thelocal revenue would be generated from water and servicecharges. Money could also be raised through a develop-ment tax and through selling services such as planning


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and drilling to other government programs and theprivate sector, in case the private sector is notproviding enough of these services/Foreign currencyincome would be generated by selling water for foreigncurrency, for instance to foreign ships which filltheir water reservoirs at the Zanzibar harbor.Expatriates, tourist hotels and some industries couldpay their water bill in foreign currency.

A consumer affordability analysis and analyses oftourism and industry have been done during the planningphase. During the first implementation phase in 1991-1994, the revenue billing options will be studied and atariff system developed and put into practice.

To reach the goals of financial and economicdevelopment, new water policy and legislation has to beprepared and approved by RGoZ, and the urban watertariff system for all beneficiaries prepared, approvedand implemented.

Institutional arrangements and management development

Two institutional prerequisites should be fulfilled inorder to achieve progress towards the set goals and toguarantee that the project resources will beeffectively utilized:

1. An entity should be established and entrustedwith sole responsibility for the developmentand operations of the urban water supply andperhaps sewerage (Urban Water Supply Sectionwithin the Department of Water Development).

2. A coordinating body for the utilization ofwater resources should be established.

It is also necessary to prepare Water Work Rules forZanzibar. Existing rules dating back to colonial timescould be utilized as background material, since theyare still to a limited extent applied in practice.

Providing the urban water organization with the neces-sary management authority, financial independence andlegal basis for its operation is the responsibility ofthe political bodies and authorities of Zanzibar. Therole of the project is that of contributing by parti-cipating in preparatory work in committees and draftingproposals and estimates with local experts and of-ficials in charge. The decision-making responsibilitylies with the Zanzibari authorities.


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The first step for the new institutional arrangementshas been the preparation of a proposal for the or-ganization of urban water supply organization, whichwas done during the planning phase in 1990. This willbe followed by approval of the proposal, establishingthe urban water supply organization and a water boardand recruitment of staff during the first implementa-tion phase.

Human resources development

Human resources development is a continuous process ofassessing the short-comings of the manpower and admi-nistration.

Manpower and staff training needs will be defined as aresult of the analysis of tasks and skills during thefirst implementation year. This will be followed byformulating a training strategy, and based on that,annual training plans.

The basic structure for a new manpower planning systemhas already been developed during the manpower inven-tory, carried out in the project planning phase. Themanpower planning system, together with the training,will create opportunity for career development of thepersonnel.

The first group to be trained are the trainers, whichincludes staff of managerial level in the water organi-zation and those of the technical staff with trainingtasks. Professional and vocational training will bearranged for a number of groups during the project im-plementation. The local training institutions will beused when possible, and their capacities developed.

Community education and participation

The relationship between the beneficiaries and thewater authorities at present is unclear and inadeguate.Information on water issues is also quite limited amongthe urban population. To solve these problems and toobtain the beneficiaries' contribution to the watersupply, the people need to be informed, educated andmotivated regarding water issues.

The household survey, which was carried out during theplanning phase, indicates that in some parts of theproject area people are willing to contribute to waterdevelopment by providing their labor something verymuch appreciated. In the areas where this is possible,people must be given the chance to provide work insteadof being charged for water.

The project will further study the required behavioralchanges and the best ways of promoting communicationbetween the water authorities and the beneficiaries. Acommunication strategy and water supply guide will be


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prepared and necessary training and education programsarranged in the form of campaigns, meetings, schoolprograms and radio and TV spots.

The main target groups for consumer education programsare mothers and children. Mothers are usually incharge of water and health matters at home and also oftaking care of the small children, who are the mostsensitive to water-related diseases. School childrenare an important link between homes and new developmentand knowledge.

The educational programs of the project must be plannedand organized in cooperation with the Department ofEducation and the Department of Health. Education willbe mainly given by health care personnel and teachers,who must go through project orientation.

5.4 Water supply development

The implementation of the Urban Water Supply Develop-ment is expected to be based on revised water policiesand guidelines of the Zanzibar Government and also on aclear-cut action plan outlined in the Urban Water Supp-ly Development Plan.

The construction and rehabilitation programs mustdepend on the progress of the financial, institutionaland human resources development components, subject tofrequent reviews in connection with the annual workplans.

If the physical development plan materializes, a strongdonor input is required for financing of repairs andconstruction. The present service level must be main-tained throughout the project area through a materialsupport component, although the renovation and con-struction programs will concentrate on Zanzibar Townand Chake chake. Contributions will be made to Weteand Mkoani through material support.

An effective operation and maintenance system has to bedeveloped to ensure that the present systems and theefforts to rehabilitate and improve them will be fullyutilized. Preparation of the system will be started inthe beginning of the firs project phase.

The water intakes of Zanzibar Town will be improved tofacilitate the pumping of water to the existing networkso that the full capacity of the network can be util-ized. The pressure level within the network area willbe improved.

The renovation of the water supply in Chake Chakewould be commenced simultaneously or slightly laterthan that of the Zanzibar.


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The construction part of the programme will be imple-mented by a main contractor (most likely Finnish)together with the Urban Water Organization of Zanzibar,and supervised by the consultant.

The contractor will be responsible for renovation, con-struction and the contractual part of drillingprograms. Part of the drilling programme will becarried out by the local water organization. The actualfield work will be mainly carried out by local sub-contractors.

Since the Urban Drainage and Sewerage Development andthe Urban Water Supply Development Programs work inclosely related sectors and similar locations, theyshould be implemented in close cooperation andcoordination especially in terms of their activities inthe Zanzibar Stone Town area.

5.5 Water resources and environmental development

Ground water development, including drilling andmonitoring activities and establishing coordinatingsystems for ground water utilization, will commencealready in the early stages of the first implementationphase.

The use of ground water is to be submitted under inter-departmental coordination (under the planned WaterBoard), where the Department of Water Development,together with the planned Urban Water Supply Organiza-tion, will play a leading role. Other relevant author-ities will be the Department of Irrigation and the Com-mission of Lands and Environment.

Development of the water quality and environmentalmonitoring facilities and capabilities must beemphasized from the beginning of the first implementa-tion phase and maintained throughout the projectperiods.

The preliminary environmental impact assessment (EIA)for the project was made during the planning phase.

The work will be continued by carrying out further EIAstudies during the rainy season (the first part of theEIA report being done in the dry season).

The Department of Water Development established a smallwater laboratory during the planning phase. Thecapacities and facilities of this laboratory will beextended during the first implementation phase. Exten-sive water quality monitoring programs will be preparedand implemented. Special studies on ground waterpollution will also be made, such as a study onpesticide pollution.


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Since one of the biggest environmental problems at themoment is the condition of water intakes, plans forprotection of intakes must be prepared.

Environmental awareness will be strengthened amongauthorities, institutions and communities, and col-laboration on environmental issues intensified betweenvarious authorities and institutions.

Environmental monitoring plans to be followed in allproject activities will be prepared in the early stageof the project.

ACTIVITIES

This section gives the framework for the activities ofthe project for 1991-1994. A rough time schedule forthem is given in annex 2. This rough draft will be anoutline for more detailed annual work plans to beprepared each year.

Sub-project 1. Economic and institutional develop-ment

The main activities are:

Financial and economic development

The following studies will be carried out:

study on accounting and financialcontrol systems

study on invoicing options

- Training in economics and development offinancial management system

Development and introduction of revenue bill-ing system

Institutional arrangements and management development

Approval of proposed urban water supply organ-ization and staffing by RGoZ

Preparation for establishment of urban watersupply organization and recruitment of staff

Institution building

Preparing standards for institutional perfor-mance and the creation of a management infor-mation system

II

34

Developing and introducing an institutional

• strategy and annual planning system

Preparing job descriptions and standards

I - Developing a manpower register

Developing a personnel policy

• - Carrying out management training

• Human resources development

Carrying out a task and skill analysis

•Developing a human resources development plan,including:

I - training strategy

manpower planning system

g - annual training plans

_ - Preparation of training material

• - Preparation and implementation of programs for

training of trainers

Arranging vocational training

Community education and participation

Studies to be carried out:

• - study on required behavioral changes

study on communication channels

| - Guidelines to be developed:

B - guidelines for communication strategy

citizen's water supply guide

I - Training and education to be implemented:

orientation of relevant authorities

orientation of health workers

_ - educational campaigns

™ - information spots in mass media

I - trainers of teacher's training

II

I

II

35

Sub-project 2. Water supply development


Improvement of UWS schemes

™ - Preparation of designs, drawings and documen-

tation

I - Water works

• - Implementing rehabilitation work

Material support for DWD for water schemes

I - On-the-job training

Preparation of annual implementation programs• for 1991-1994

Preparation of implementation programme for• 1995-1998 including cost estimates

Preparation of implementation programme for_ 1999-2002 including cost estimates

• - Updating the master plan

• Operation and maintenance of UWS schemes

Data collection and reporting system

J - Leakage study

•

Developing the operation and maintenancesystem

Preparation of operation and maintenance• manuals

- Training in operation and maintenance

IIIIIII

II

I

36

Sub-project 3. Water resources and environmentalm development


Water resources development

Establishing a coordinating system for ground• water utilization by RGoZ

Developing a data collection and storing sys-

• tern:

ground water level monitoring

I - water quality monitoring

meteorological information

I - Carrying out drilling and monitoring

activities:

I - drilling

- geoelectrical soundings

• - quality control

• - Preparing revised maps and plans:

resistivity contour map

I - storativity map

transmitivity map

• - potentiometric map

• - chemical quality map

Material purchases

• - On-the-job training

Protection of water sources

Preparation of plans for intake protectionzones

Preparation of plans for site selection

IIIII

II

Environmental monitoring

• - Monitoring ground water quality

_ - Monitoring scheme water quality

• - Monitoring waste water quality

• - Monitoring sea water qualityFollow-up on the development of industry and

m possible pollution

- Studying the use of pesticides

I - Monitoring other environmental aspectsStudies to be carried out in the early stage

I of the project:

EIA during rainy season

• - basic studies on the spread of fecalpollution

37

I basic study on the quality of waste

water

II - Training, education and orientation to be

I

water

basic study on pesticide pollution

Environmental awareness

carried out:

orientation of authorities

intersectoral seminars

| - environmental issues to be includedin all training programs of other

_ sub-projects

™ - training of laboratory personnel

Coordination of activitiesIPreparation and implementation of action plan

• for joint activities with other sectors

IIII


38

Support services

The following activities and support services are to beimplemented:

Establishment of offices for urban waterorganization

Establishment of and running of mainlaboratory in Zanzibar Town and a bacteriologyunit in Pemba

Establishment and running of workshops in Zan-zibar Town and Pemba

Establishment of stores for Zanzibar Town andPemba

Purchasing project vehicles/other purchases

7 INPUTS

7 . l Finnish inputs

Manpower

The Finnish manpower input will be strongest during thesecond year (1992) of the first implementation phase ofthe project, and will be decreased over the followingyears. The first year is carried out by limited staffresources.

The following expatriate specialists are reguired:

Project CoordinatorTraining and Management ConsultantWater Supply EngineerDrilling EngineerOperation and Maintenance EngineerConstruction and Maintenance TechnicianNetwork TechnicianHydrogeologist (short term)Environmental and Laboratory Expert (shortterm)Economic Adviser (short term)Home office coordinator and administrator(short term, in Finland)

In addition, other short term consultants will beprovided if the need arises.

A manpower estimate for consultants and job des-criptions for expatriate specialists are presented inannexes 3 and 4 respectively.


39

Material and equipment

The Finnish input for the materials and equipment willbe limited in the first year (1991) to includefollowing:

vehicles (1 or 2), tractors (1 or 2)limited amount of

drilling equipmentspumpsfittingstoolswater metersspare partsmonitoring instruments

limited amount of office equipment:micro computer (1 pc)printer (2 pc)copy machineother office material andstationery

laboratory chemicalssome training equipment and materialbasic furniture for expatriate housing

The equipment purchased during the planning phase areto be utilized, as well.

The major purchases will be done in 1992, 1993 and1994.

7.2. Tanzanian inputs

Manpower

It is essential for the success of the project that theDepartment of Water Development provide the followingfull-time specialists for the Project ImplementationUnit, which will work within the DWD:

Officer i/c ZanzibarOfficer i/c PembaFinancial OfficerTraining Officers (2)Water Supply EngineerOperation and Maintenance EngineerNetwork TechnicianHydrogeologistDrilling EngineersMonitoring Technicians (2)ChemistLaboratory Technicians (5 - one for Pemba)Procurement OfficerAccountant

This group may later form the foundation team for theproposed urban water supply organization.


40

Material and equipment

Fixed budget amount to be allocated to the Project inTanzanian shillings for the procurement of spare partsand materials required to maintain the present servicelevel. A spare parts and materials list is to beissued by the local water authorities. These supplieswill be used by the local organization. The contractorand the consultant will not be involved in the use ofthem aside from having an advisery role, particularlyin the case of the consultants.

Of f ice,., and other facilities

The UWS office, workshop and store plot at Madema inZanzibar Town and laboratory plot with ready made housein Saateni are to be provided by the Government ofZanzibar, as well as the premises needed in Pemba.Constructing/finalizing and equipping the buildingswill be done by the project after the new UWSorganization is approved.

The office for the Project Implementation Unit (PIU)could in the beginning be a rented house or flat. Assoon as a permanent office facility for the new urbanwater supply organization is allocated the PIU wouldmove in. Workshop and store facilities are neededboth in Zanzibar Town and Pemba. The office, workshopand stores should be equipped and available by the endof the first implementation phase.

Adequate housing - at least 60 mz - is needed for aproper laboratory in Zanzibar. One room is needed inPemba for the bacteriology unit. The laboratoryfacilities should be made ready in 1991.

8 PROJECT BUDGET

The FINNIDA budget includes the costs of Finnish staff,materials and equipment needed to finance the costs of theimplementing agency, the materials and equipment requiredby DWD for the project, and the costs of construction con-tracts to be awarded.

The local budget allocation includes additional costs ofthe DWD and agencies involved with the project. The localallocation is 10 % of costs other than those concerningtechnical assistance.


41

The project budget for 1991-1994 is as follows (units of1000 FIM):

FINNIDA

Localcomponent

TOTAL

1991

6,000

630

6,630

1992

13,000

630

13,630

1993

16,000

630

16,630

1994

15,000

630

15,630

TOTAL

50,000

2,520

52,520

A more concise budget is given in annex 5. It will berevised in the annual work plan. Operational budget willbe presented in the annual work plan.

9 ASSUMPTIONS AND EXTERNAL FACTORS

9.1 Financial and organizational sustainability

The progress of the project as a whole depends on the prog-ress of institutional and legislative development. Thebasic strategy for achieving the self-sustainability of theurban water supply organization is a threefold process ofcreating external preconditions (legal and financial basisfor operation), improving institutional performance(showing results) and training, all partly at the sametime.

The two latter factors are mainly depending on the projectactivities, but strongly affected by the realization ofexternal factors, which are under the responsibility of thepolitical bodies and authorities of Zanzibar.

Any institution needs time for adopting reforms. Thereforeit is preferred that providing the urban water supplyorganizations with the necessary management authority,financial independence and legal basis for operation takesplace gradually.

Consequently, the measures needed from the Governmentshould be taken in sequence. A course of necessary actionsfor the smoothly progress is to be summarized and scheduledas follows:

By the end of the year 1991

The Urban Water Supply Section (UWSS) has beenformed within the Department of Water Development.

Proposals for a decree to establish Zanzibar UrbanWater Supply Authority and Ground Water Ordinancehave been submitted to the political decision-makers.


42


Administrative preparations have been completedfor the UWSS to function autonomously on a trialbasis.


The UWSS has readiness and right to master an ownaccount and to charge for its services

Relations between the UWSS and beneficiaries aswell as the rights and responsibilities ofconsumers have been defined in the Water WorkRules.


The UWSS has readiness to start functioning as anUrban Water Supply Body and possesses legal basisfor its operation.

However, it is important to keep in mind that also thebest-designed institutional change will always encounterunforeseen obstacles that require creative reprogramming.

The Government of Zanzibar should, in these circumstances,undertake to guarantee that the standards achieved as aresult of the resources contributed to the project will bemaintained on a long-term basis. This would mean that anydeficit in income from charges required to maintain thesestandards will be made up for with government funds.

The local component allocation - 10 % of investment relatedcosts - is a precondition for full FINNIDA's budgetallocation.

9.2 Other external factors

Other factors which may delay the scheduled implementationof the project are:

delays in procurement from abroaddelays in transportation of equipment due to dif-ficulties in connections between Dar es Salaam,Zanzibar Town and Pembapower failures, especially in Pembainadequacy of staff for trainingdelays in the progress of the sewerage anddrainage project of Stone Townnon-availability of adequately skilled local con-tractors


43

10 PROJECT ORGANIZATION

The Competent Authorities of the two Governments for theimplementation of the Project are the Ministry for ForeignAffairs of Finland, represented in Finland by the FinnishInternational Development Agency, FINNIDA, and in Tanzaniaby the Embassy of Finland in Dar es Salaam, and the Mini-stry of Finance of Tanzania. However, in matters pertain-ing to the substance of the project and not affecting theoverall responsibilities of the Government of Tanzania, theMinistry of Water, Construction, Energy, Lands and Enviro-nment of Zanzibar/Department of Water Development has theright to represent the Ministry of Finance.

The project will have a project implementation unit (PIU),which consists of the staff of the Finnish implementingagency and full-time specialists from DWD appointed for theproject. This unit (PIU) will work within the organizationof DWD.

The project will be supervised by a steering committee,composed of representatives from:

FINNIDAMinistry of Finance, TanzaniaMinistry of Water, Construction, Energy, Planningand Environment, ZanzibarMinistry of Finance, ZanzibarMinistry of Planning, ZanzibarMinistry of Agriculture, ZanzibarMinistry of Health, ZanzibarMinistry of Education, ZanzibarCommission for Lands and Environment, ZanzibarMunicipal Council, ZanzibarProject Implementation UnitStone Town Conservation and Development Authority

The organization of the project is presented in figures 5/1and 5/2.


44

11 REPORTING, MONITORING AND EVALUATION

11.1 Reporting systems and reports

The basic plans of the project as defined in terms of theobjectives, outputs, inputs, activities and other aspectsare formulated in:

- The project document

The annual plan of operation (annual work plan),which will detail the annual activities, outputsand other major aspects related to the year'soperations.

The annual plan of operation will be prepared by theproject, and sent through the Finnish implementing agencyto FINNIDA for approval two months before the end of theyear. The first annual plan of operation will be submittedat the latest two months after the commencement of theproject.

The purpose of the reporting is to compare the progress ofthe implementation with the planned progress, and theimpact of the project with the planned impact. The formeris accomplished by comparing the planned and achievedoutputs. The latter is carried out by comparing theplanned development and achievements with the actualdevelopment and achievements using the formulatedachievement and development indicators. At the same, ananalysis of the factors influencing the impact, the need torevise objectives, the state of the assumptions, etc. willbe carried out.

The reports will be based on the internal monitoring andevaluation system of the project. The following reportswill be produced:

Actual monthly expenditures and a comparison withplanned expenditures

Quarterly expenditures and estimates for thefollowing quarters of the year. The quarterlyreports will also include comparison of theplanned and actual progress in terms ofachievement outputs. They are to be submittedwithin a month of each quarter's end.


45

Annual reports are to be submitted within 45 daysafter the end of each year which:

compare the planned and actualachievement by using achievementindicators

compare the planned and actual deve-lopment by using development indicatorsas well as assess the probability ofachieving the planned development

compare the planned and actual progressin terms of achievement outputs as wellas assess the possibilities of achievingthe planned outputs over the remainingduration of the project

analyze the factors which influence theannual achievements, the state ofassumptions, etc. as well as suggesteventual required actionsto be taken

The final report, which includes the comparison ofplanned and actual development as well as plannedand real outputs, inputs, etc. The final reportalso includes the review of the factors having aninfluence on the outcome of the project, the stateof the assumptions, etc. Furthermore, the finalfinancial statement as well as a detailedinventory of vehicles, equipment, materials, etc.will be made. The final report is to be submittedwithin two months after the termination of theproject.

Workshop and seminar reports/minutes will beannexed to the quarterly/annual reports.

11.2 Monitoring

There will be an annual field review mission by a monitor-ing team to review and monitor the progress of the projectand recommend required actions. The first mission willtake place after the first annual plan of operation isready, and thereafter annually after the annual report isready. The monitoring team will be appointed by FINNIDAand the executing agency will be invited to nominate amember of the team.


46

11.3 Evaluation

A mid-term evaluation will be made two years aftercommencement of the project. The evaluation will assessthe achievement of planned development and progress andwill make recommendations for improving project efficiency,effectiveness, relevance and impact- FINNIDA will appointthe mid-term evaluation team and the executing agency willbe invited to appoint a member of the evaluation team.

FINNIDA will nominate, if needed, a team for the executionof the final project evaluation, and carry out an appraisalof the project document for Phase II of Zanzibar UrbanWater Supply Project.

FIGURE 1 . MAP OF ZANZIBAR

TANZANIAOAR £S SAJ.AAU

PEMBA

UNGUJA

UNGUJA PEMBA

FIGURE 2. GROUND WATER DEVELOPMENT AREAS OF UNGUJA

~ DONGE RIDGE

GROUND WATER FLOWDIRECTION

UPENJA RIDGE

WATER SHED(TOPOGRAPHICAL)

BUMBWI CORRIDOR 'MAIN GROUND WATERD I V I D E (STRUCTURAL)

LOWER MWERAVALLEY

ZANZIBAR TOWN

MASINGINI RIDGE

KISIMA MCHANGA


FIGURE 3/1. ORGANIZATIONAL CHART OF MINISTRY OFWATER, CONSTRUCTION, ENERGY, LANDS AND ENVIRONMENT

MINISTER

PRINCIPAL SECRETARY

DIRECTOR OFCONSTRUCTION

DIRECTOR OFPLANNING ANDADMINISTRATION

DIRECTOR OFWATER DEPARTMENT

GENERAL MANAGERPOKER AND FUELCORPORATION

EXECUTIVESECRETARYCOMMISSION OFLANDS ANDENVIRONMENT

OFFICER IN CHARGEMINISTRY OF WATERCONSTRUCTION,ENERGY, LANDS ANDENVIRONMENT, PEM3A

OFFICER IN CHARGEDEPARTMENT OFCONSTRUCTIONPEMBA

PLANNING OFFICERPLANNING ANDADMINISTRATIONPEMBA

OFFICER IN CHWCEDEPARTMENT OFWATER PEMBA

OFFICERIN CHARGECOMMISSION OFLANDS ANDENVIRONMENTPEMBA

ASSISSTANT MANAGERFUEL AKD POKERCORPORATIONPEMBA


FIGURE 3/2. PRESENT ORGANIZATION OF THE WATER SUPPLY

Minister of Water, Construction, Energy,Lands and Environment (WCELE)

Principal Secretary of the Ministry of WCELE

Ministry of WCELE in Pemba

Director of the DWD

Executive Engineer-in Onguja

Water Supply

Construction

Plants '

Development

Administration

Southern Region

Chake ChakeDistrict

Water Supply

Construct ion

Plant

Development

Admin is t rat ion

DWD in Pemba - Officerin charge

Plant Superintendent

water Supply Superintendent

Northern Region

MkoaniDistrict

Water Supply

Construct ion

Plant

Development

Administrat ion

wete

water Supply

Construct ion

Plant

Adrni n i s t r a t i o n

M ichewen1

- water Supply

II

FIGURE 4/1. EXISTING ORGANIZATIONAL CHART OF DEPARTMENT OFWATER DEVELOPMENT - UNGUJA

IIIIIIIIIIIIIII

DIRECTOR

Electric Engineer

( l)

EXECUTIVE- ENGINEER

2-Clvil Engineer1-Geology

(3)

WATER SUPPLY

Water SupplyTechnic ian Supervisor

I 1)

WATER WORKS

10-waterTechnician( 10)

LABORATORY

3-LaboratoryTechnicians

1-AssistantLaboratoryTechnician

OPERATION iMAINTENANCE

1-Senior Plutoer]-Regional Water

Officer28-Plunders27-Ass. Plumbers

1-Ass. Fundi1-Ass,p.Station

Supervisor61-Pu^pers

1-water 4 MineralAssistant

6-watcrtnenII-Cleaners

I 1.18)

CONSTRUCTION

Civ i l TechnicianSupervisor

LL1

53 :s

MASONRY

2 - C i v i l Tech.5-Me»onry5 - A E S . Masonry1-Painter2-Carpenters1-Ass, Carpenter1-Ass. civil

Technician

(17)

TANK1-Tank Superv.5-Tank Tech.3-Ass.TanJt

Technician(9)

PLANT

Plant TechnicianSupervisor

, ( l )

ELECTRICAL

4-Elec t .Tech .7-Ass. E l e c t .

Technicians

Mil

GARAGE

1-Mechanic Sup.3-MechanicaA'Ass.Mechanics

( 8 )

POWER1-Plant Superv .3-Kechonic Tech•1-Mechanics1-Ass. Mechanic

(9)

DEVELOPMENT

Foreman D r i l l e r

(1)

DRAWING S. MAPPING

1- Draughtman

(1)

SURVEY1-Ass. Supervisor

(U

DRILLING9-Orillers

(9)

INVESTIGATIONAND RECORDS

1-Kater Tech .

(1)

WORKSHOP

1-F i t t e r £ TurnerSupervisor

8-Fi t ter t. Turner3-Mechanical Tech2-Welders2-Blacksniths1-Ass, Slacks™.tb

(17)

TRANSPORT

1-Tr«nsportOfficer

6-Drivers(7)

ADMINISTRATION

Administration OfficerAss. Officer

(2)

ACCOUNT

2-A$sist3nt Cashier1-Revenue Clerk;

Supervisor1-Revenue collector2-Revenue Clerk1-eill Man

STORE

1-Supervisor StoreKeeper

1-Ass. SupervisorStore Keeper

1-Store Keeper1-Store Clerk3-watchmen4-Cleaners

(11)

CHIEF CLERK

1-Office Superintendent1-Secretery2-Typists3-Registry Clerkl-Messanger6-watchmen7-Cleaners

(21 j

IIII


FIGURE 5/1. PROJECT ORGANIZATION

GoT/RGoZ

MOF 1 MWCEPE \

DWDZANZIBAR

\ /

STEEICOMM]

UNG[TTEE

///

PROJECT

.

GoF

FINNIDA 1

/

/

DWDPEMBA

DWDDIRECTOR

EXECUTIVEENGINEERZANZIBAR

PROJECT 1KPLEMETATIONUNIT (PIU)

EXECUTIVEENGINEERPEMBA

PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION UNITHQ

PROJECT COORDINATOR (1)OFFICER I/C ZANZIBAR (Z)

OFFICER I/CPEMBA(Z)

ui

to

ECONOMICADVISOR (E)

FINANCIALOFFICER (Z)

TRAINING ANDMANAGEMENTCONSULTANT

(E)

TRAININGOFFICERS (Z)

WATER SUPPLYENGINEERS

(Z + E)

OPERATIONAND

MAINTENANCEENGINEERS

<Z + E)

NETWORKTECHNICIANS

(Z + E)

HYDRO-GEOLOGISTS

(Z + E)

DRILLINGENGINEERS

(Z + E)

MONITORINGTECHNICIANS( Z )

ENVIRONMEN-TAL

LABORATORYSPECIALIST (E)

CHEMIST (Z)

LABORATORYTECHNICIANS

(Z)

PROCUREMENTOFFICER (Z)

ACCOUNTANT(Z)

f

E = EXPATRIATEZ = ZANZ1BARIAN

PROBLEM ANALYSIS

INADEQUATE RESOURCES

NOH AVAILABILITY OPWATER POLICY

IKADEQUATE ORGANIZATIONALINDE PEN DEKCE/sEPARATEHATER t SEWERAGE AUTHORITIES

LACK OF CLEAR CUT ACTIONPLANS FOR PROGRAMMES

INEFFICIENT USE OFLIKITED RESOURCES

IATER POLICYMO•EGISLATIOHO BE WRITTEN

APPROVED

INADEQUACY OFQUALIFIED STAFF

INADEQUATE LEGISLATION

LACK OF URBAN HATER AltOSEHERAGE AUTHORITY

CLEAR CUT ACTIONPLANS TO BEPRODUCED- LONGTERM- SlfORTTERH

- INADEQUATE USER CONTROL- NOH CO-OROINATEO USE OFHATER RESOURCES

HATERLEGISLATIONTO BEREVISED

URBAN WATER AUTHORITYTO BE ESTABLISHEDAND FINANCIALLY ANDINSTITUTIONALLYIHDEPENDENT

WATER BOARDTO BEESTABLISHED

NON-AVAILABILITYOF MATERIALS

FINANCIAL CONSTRAINTS LACK OF KNOWLEDGE ONSAFE DRINKING WATER

LOW SALARY LEVELS

INADEQUATE PLANNINGINADEQUATE OPERATION 1 MAINTENANCEINADEQUATE POWER SUPPLYLACK OF STORE-PARTS t MATERIALSLACK OF TOOLS * INSTRUMENTS

DETERIORATED CONDITION OF SCHEMESLOW SERVICE LEVELDISSATISFACTION WITH BENEFICIARIESUNSATISFACTORY INSTITUTIONAL PERFORMANCE

REVENUE COLLECTIONTO UE STARTED

EDUCATION ANDTRAININGPROGRAMMES TOBE LAUNCHED

LOW MOTIVATION FOR HIGHWORKING PERFORMANCE

SPREADING OF HATER-BORNEDISEASES, INFANT MORTALITY

IMPLEMENTATIONOF PHYSICALDEVELOPMENTPLAN

SALARY INCREASES TOUE INTRODUCED BASEDON IMPROVEMENT OFECONOMY THROUGHINSTITUTIONAL AHDFINANCIAL IMPROVEMENTS

COMMUNICATIONSTRATEGY TO BEHADE ANDIMPLEMENTED

3(D

COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION ANALYSIS

UNSPECIFIED RELATIONSHIPSBETWEEN CONSUMERS ANDWATER AUTHORITY

CAUSES POOR MAINTENANCE

UNRELIABLEWATER SUPPLY

_£FREQUENT BREAKDOWNS OFINSTALLATIONS AND FITTINGSWITHIN THE PREMISES

PROBLEMS

DISSATISFIEDCUSTOMERS

LEGISLATION ANDWATER WORK RULES

SOLUTIONS

RELIABLE WATERDISTRIBUTION

POOR KNOWLEDGEABOUT WATER ISSUES

NO FINANCIAL RESPONCIBILITYFOR DOMESTIC WATER USE

EXTRAVAGANTUSE OF WATER

WATER RELATED AUTHORITIESINSUFFICIENT COOPERATION

CONTAMINATION OFWATER SOURCES BYDOMESTIC ACTIVITIES

UNCLEAR RIGHTS ANDDUTIES OF CONSUMERS

• N?

SPREAD OF WATERRELATED DISEASES

CONSUMERS'INFORMATIONSERVICES ANDEDUCATION

DOMESTIC CONSUMERSCONTRIBUTION TOTO WATER SUPPLYCOSTS

STANDARDS FORINSTALLATION &FITTINGS

ENVIRONMENTAL ANDHEALTH EDUCATION- JOINT ACTIVITIESRELATED SECTORS, MASSMEDIA & EDUCATION

3

to

TRAINING OFDWD STAFF

ENVIRONMENTAL ANALYSIS

(a) Problems related to increased use of ground water (b) Problems related to quality of water and health

PROJECT OTHER DEVELOPMENT ACTIVITIES PROJECT

INCREASED USE OFGROUND WATER FORTOWN SUPPLIES

EXISTING SITUATION

INCREASED USE OFGROUND WATER FORTOURISM RELATEDACTIVITIES

USE OF GROUKDWATER FORIRRIGATION

INCREASED AMOUNTOF WASTE WATER

INCREASED AMOUNTOF DOMESTICKASTE WATER

±SHORTAGE OFGROUND WATER

SALINIZATIONOF GROUNDWATER

PERCHED WATER- EVAPORATION- SALIHIZATION

SEE (b) LACK OF WATERIK SHALLOWWELLS

POOR SOLIDWASTE ANDWASTE WATERMANAGEMENT- DOMESTIC- INDUSTRY

L

STAGNANTWASTEWATER

IMPACTS TOAGRICULTURE(AND FORESTRY)

SOCIO-ECONOMICPROBLEMS

EROSION DUETO LACK OFVEGETATION

USE OF PESTICIDESAND FERTILIZERSIN AGRICULTUREAND FORESTRY

NON-PROTECTEDWATER SOURCES- BOREHOLES- SPRINGS- LOCAL WELLS

POOR MAINTENANCEOF WATERSUPPLIES

SHORTAGEOFELECTRICITY

MICROBIOLOGICAL AND CHEMICALPOLLUTION OF GROUD WATER(AND SEA WATER)

BREAKAGES, LEAKSAND BLOCKAGES OFPIPED SYSTEMS

SHORTAGEOF WATER

INADEQUATE QUALITY OFDRINKING AND BATHINGWATER

CALCIUMIN WATER

SPREAD OF WATER ANDHYGIENE RELATED DISEASES

SOIL QUALITY(LIME STONE)

SOCIO-ECONOMIC PROBLEMS

X

U)


Annex 2 1(6)

TENTATIVE WORK PLAN 1991-1994

1. ECONOMIC AND INSTITUT1ONALDEVELOPMENT

1.1 Financial and economicdevelopment

studies- accounting end financialcontrol systems

- study on invoicing

Training

Revenue collection system

1.2 Institutionalarrangements andmanagement development

Approval of proposed UUAorganization and staffing

Preparation forestablishment of UUA endrecruitment of staff

Institution building

Standards for institutionalperformance and creationof management informationsystem

Institutional strategy andannual planning system

Job description andstandards

Manpower registry

Personnel policy

Management training

1991 1992 1993 1994


Annex 2 2(6)

1.3 Human resourcesdevelopment

Task and skill analysis

Training strategy

Manpower planning system

Annual training plans

Preparation of trainingmaterial

Training of trainers

Vocational training

1.4 Community educationand participation

Studies- required behaviourchanges

- communication vehicles

Guidelines- communication strategy- citizen's water supplyguide

Training and education- orintation of relevantauthorities

- orientation of healthworkers

* educational campaigns- information spots inmass media

- teacher's trainerstraining


Annex 2 3(6)

2. WATER SUPPLYDEVELOPMENT

2.1 Improvement of UWSschemes

Designs and drawingsand documentation:

Intake structures- Zanzibar- Pemba

Water works- Zanzibar- Pemba

Distribution networks- Zanzibar- Pemba

Rehabilitation work- Zanzibar- Pemba

Water schemes:Material support for DWD

On-the job training

Annual implementationprogrammes for 1991-1994- Zanzibar- Pemba

Implementation programmefor 1995-2000 includingcost estimates- Zanzibar- Pemba

Updated master plan


Annex 2 4 ( 6 )

2.3 Operation and maintenanceof UWS schemes

Data collection andreporting system- Zanzibar- Pemba

Leakage study- Zanzibar- Pemba

Developing the O&M system

Preparation of O&M manuals

Training in O&M

3. WATER RESOURCES AMDENVIRONMENTAL DEVELOPMENT

3.1 Water resources development

Coordinating system forground water utilization

Data collection andstoring system- ground water levelmonitoring

- water quality monitoring- meteorological information

Drilling and monitoringactivities- drilling- geoelectrical soundings- quality control

Revised maps and plans- ground water- resistivity contour map- storativity map- transmitivity map- potentiometric map- chemical quality map ]

Material purchase |

On-the-job training |

...

i11

- - 1•1

1

1

1

t


Annex 2 5(6)

3.2 Protecting water sources

- plans for site selection- plans for intakeprotection zones

3.3 Environmental monitoring

Monitoring- ground water quality- scheme water quality- waste water quality- sea water quality- pollution of industry* use of pesticides- other environmetalaspects

Studies- ElA during rainy season* baseline studies onspread of fecal pollution

- baseline study on qualityof waste water

- baseline study onpesticide pollution

3.4 Environmental awareness

* orientation of authorities!* intersectoral seminars* environmental issues inHRD and CP progranmes

- Training of laboratorypersonnel

3.5 Coordination of activities

Action plan for jointactivities with othersectors

4 ANNUAL WORK PLANS

Annual work plan 1991




•I


Annex 2 6(6)

5. SUPPORT SERVICES,

IMPLEMENTATION AND PURCHASES|

UWA, offices, impl.

UWA, Laboratory, impl.

UWA, Workshop, inpt.

UWA, Stores, impl.

Project vehicles/sparepart purchases

Project stationary purchases

MANMOMTH ESTIMATE 1991-1994

EXPATRIATE CONSULTANT/ [ 1991 | 1992 | 1993 | 1994

K E H - c l a s s i f i c a t i o n | J F M A M J J A S O H D | J F H A H J J A S O N D | J F N A M J J A S O N D | J F M A H J J A S O N D Z F

(months)

Tot

LONG TERM:

Project Coordinator/

KEH 2

Training and Management

Consultant/KEH 3

Hater Supply Engineer/

KEH 3

Dri11 ing Engineer/

KEH 4

Operation and Maintenance

Engineer/KEH 3

Construction and Maintenance

Technician/KEH 4

Network Technician/

KEH 4

SHORT TERM:

Hydrogeologist/

KEH 2

Environmental andLaboratory Expert/KEH 2Economic Advisor/KEK 2Other short term

and back-up personnel

HOME OFFICE:

Home Office Coordinator/

KEH 1

Home Office Secretary/

KEH 5

************************ ************************ ************************ ************************

************************

**********

************

************

************************

************************

**************

************************

************************

************************

******************

************

************

************

************

************************

**********

*********

**********

(to be determined later)

44

34

45

23

23

29

23

12

2

2

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

44

34

45

23

23

29

23

7

10

10

3

3

2

10

13

12

18

22

19

20

24

264

**** full time Uork in Zanzibar (Z).... part time Uork in Finland (F)

55 319


Annex 4 1(9)

JOB DESCRIPTIONS

Job Description/ Project coordinator

The main duties of the Project Coordinator are the co-ordination of the technical assistance activities ofthe project as well as - together with the Officers i/cZanzibar and Pemba - the overall management of all thesub-projects.

The tasks include but are not limited to the following

(a) Coordinating the execution of all the sub-projects and liaise with the executing andparticipating organizations;

(b) Coordinating the preparation of internal moni-toring and evaluation system of the project,as well as all reporting;

(c) Coordinating the arrangement of all the speci-fied meetings, workshops and seminars;

(d) Managing the implementation project reviews,preparation of plans, monitoring, evaluationand reporting;

(e) Participating in all planning, implementationand evaluation;

(f) Coordinating all inhouse training (includingorientation training)

riiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii

Annex 4 2(9)

Job Description, Training and Management Consultant

The duty of the Training and Management Consultant is,together with the Economic Adviser, to manage the sub-project "Economic and Institutional Development", espe-cially being responsible of the components: "Institu-tional arrangements and management development", "Humanresources development" and "Community education andparticipation", and to be in charge of all trainingactivities of the project. The tasks include:

(a) Planning, implementation and evaluation of theinstitutional development of the executing or-ganization;

(b) Assisting in planning, implementation and eva-luation of training, which supports the imple-mentation of other sub-projects;

(c) Assisting in planning, implementation and eva-luation of inhouse training programmes (in-cluding orientation training);

(d) Planning, implementation and evaluation of on-the-job training of management and middle man-agement staff;

(e) Participation in all planning and implementa-tion as training expert;

(f) Training of staff of the executing and partic-ipating organizations;

(g) Planning consumer education activities, con-sumer participation methods and consumer par-ticipation evaluation system;

(g) Reporting the progress of the relevant projectcomponents.

rAnnex 4 3(9)

Job Description/ Water Supply Engineer

| The main responsibility of the Water Supply Engineer isto manage the sub-project "Water Supply Development".

M The duties of Water Supply Engineer include:

(a) Preparation of plans for improvement of thewater systems;

(b) Revising the Master Water Plan;

(c) Conducting leakage study and leakage protec-tion planning;I

|

(d) Assisting in training the staff of the execut-ing agency to develop a planning capability;

(e) Assisting in monitoring, evaluation and train-ing r<j ect ;

I ing related to the 0 & M elements in the pro-

I (f) Conducting review and design of the primarydistribution system elements;

|

(g) Preparation of standard design details forsecondary distribution system and house con-nections;

|(h) Conducting review and design of water storage

facilities;

• (i) Assisting in system monitoring and control;

(j) Assisting in contract administration and su-_ pervision;

• (k) Coordinating of procurement and delivery ofmaterial support component;

I (1) Reporting the progress of the relevant projectcomponents.

IIIIIII

I_ Annex 4 4(9)

Job Description/ Drilling Engineer

I The Drilling Engineer will be responsible forcommencing the drilling operations with two drilling

I units.

The duties include:

I (a) Organizing and training the drilling teams to

carry out the drilling work;

|

(b) Preparing borehole construction designs withthe local hydrogeologist;

|

(c) Arrangements for test pumping, organizing oftest pumping teams, commencing the testpumping activity and doing the related dataprocessing;

• (d) Following up the collection of hydrogeologicaland drilling data;

| (e) Training of the staff of the executing agency;

|

(f) Preparing of future drilling programmes withthe local hydrogeologist;

|

(g) Procuring of drilling material and spare partsfor the drilling rig;

(h) Reporting on the drilling and test pumping• activities with the local hydrogeologist.

IIIIIIIII


Annex 4 5(9)

Job Description, operation and Maintenance Egineer

The Operation and Maintenance Engineer will be incharge of the component "Operation and maintenance ofUWS schemes".

The duties include:

(a) Guidance on preparing 0 & M manuals by thestaff of the executing agency;

(b) Supervising and administrating the contractsfor extending the primary distribution systemand providing additional water storage. Thisincludes resolving contractual disputes, claimnegotiations, etc;

(c) Advising and assisting local sub-consultantsin project supervision and administration;

(d) Arrangements related to maintenance of projectvehicles;

(e) Data collection and participation in mechani-cal and construction design work;

(f) Supervising and administrating contracts inrelevant parts

(g) Assistance with procurement of materials forthe project;

(h) Reporting the progress of the relevant projectcomponent.

IAnnex 4 6(9)

Job Description, Construction and Maintenancem Technician

The duties include:

I (a) Participating in design work in relevant

parts;• (b) Organizing of maintenance systems;

(c) Training of the staff of the executing agencym in mechanical works and maintenance;

(d) Site supervision of the executing agency inconstruction works on the water system;

• (e) Monitoring, evaluation and training inputsrelated to contract supervision and adminis-

• tration;

(f) Reporting the progress of the relevant projectH component.

• Job Description, Network Technician

I The duties of the Network Technician include:

(a) Responsibility for everyday operational pro-

I ject activities in Pemba. Duty station ChakeChake;

(b) Organizing of 0 & M system in Pemba;

• (c) Coordinating of collection of monitoring re-sults and data for design work in Pemba. Par-

I t i c i p a t i n g in design work within relevantparts;

|

(d) Supervising of preparation of 0 & M manuals inPemba;

(e) Reporting the progress of the relevant projectM activities.

IIIII


Annex 4 7(9)

Job Description, Hydrogeologist (short term)

The main duty of the hydrogeologist is to follow up theimplementation of the component "Water resourcesdevelopment" including:

(a) Assistance to development of coordinating sys-tem for ground water utilization;

(b) Development of ground water monitoring system.Interpretation of monitoring results;

(c) Preparation of well field designs and drillingplans. Preparation of test pumping programmesand interpretation of results;

(d) Revision of maps and plans;

(e) Participating in material purchase;

(f) Participating in planning of training in rele-vant fields;

(g) Reporting the progress of the relevant projectcomponent.

Job Description, Environmental and Laboratory Expert(short term)

The duty of the Environmental and Laboratory Expert isto follow up the environmental development activitiesof the project including:

(a) Assisting in developing the protection plansfor water sources;

(b) Establishing water laboratories (Zanzibar andPemba) and planning water guality monitoringin Zanzibar and Pemba;

(c) Planning and implementing environmental moni-toring activities and environmental studies;

(d) Participating in planning, implementation andevalutation of environmental training and edu-cation;

(e) Assisting in preparation of action plan forjoint activities between different sector or-ganizations;

(g) Reporting the progress of the relevant projectcomponents.


Annex 4 8(9)

Job Description, Economic Adviser (short term)

The duty of the Economic Adviser is to coordinate theexecution of the component "Financial and economicdevelopment". The tasks are to

(a) Plan, partly implement and follow up all theactivities of the project component "Policyand economic development";

(b) Participate in all planning, implementationand evaluation as a financial and economicexpert;

(c) Plan and implement the system for financialreporting of the project;

(d) Train staff of the executing and participatingagencies;

(e) Reporting the progress of the relevant projectcomponent.

Job Description, Electrical Engineer (short term)

(a) Evaluation of the present electricalinstallations, assess the future electricityconsumptions and the level of the controlsystem;

(b) Reviewing and planning of the electricalstandard designs of water supplies;

(c) Reviewing and creating material for O&Mtraining

(d) Monitoring, evaluation and training inputs tothe contract supervision;

(e) Reporting the progress of the relevant projectactivities.

IAnnex 4 9(9)

Job Description, Project Coordinator (Home office)

Duties

I (a) Responsible for all the administrative activi-• ties of the project in Finland, including ac-

counting and cost monitoringI (b) Overall responsibility of reporting the

project progress and monitoring towardsm FINNIDA

(c) Overall management and supervision of thehome-office work for the project

II

IIII

(d) Responsible for the recruitment of expatriatepersonnel

(e) Responsible for planning the orientation trai-ning in Finland

• (f) Assisting the mobilization of the project, ar-rangement of housing facilities, vehicles and

_ procurements from Finland

™ (g) Available for short time consultancy for theproject in relevant areas

IJob Description, Project secretary (Home office)

I Duties

I (a) Assisting in all administrative activities

regarding the project in Finland(b) Preparing the statements of accounts for FIN-

• NIDA

(c) Cost monitoring

• (d) Duties related to purchasing:

inquiriesorderingcontacts to forwarding companies

|

(e) Correspondence between the project, home of-fice and FINNIDA

(f) Assisting in preparing project reports

I - ordering

I Annex 5 1 (2)

I ANNUAL BREAKDOWN OF PROJECT BUDGET ACCORDING TO FINNIDA CODES

Code

2131-3

2131-3

2133-1

2133-1

2153-7

2153-7

2311-1

2313-9

2221-7

2321-4

2331-7

2223-5

2323-2

2333-5

2233-8

3211-3

3212-2

3213-1

3221-6

3222-5

3223-4

3231-9

3232-8

3233-7

wmmm

•III

Specification

Fees and wages (Expatriate experts)(including home office support)

Travelling, accommodation (Expatriate experts]

Fees and wages (Zanzibarian experts)

Travelling, accommodation

Fees and wages (Other local pers.

Travelling, accommodation

Services, Finland (communications

)

Services, Tanzania (communications)

Finland

Consumption equipment*

Recurrent costs*

Others and unspecified*

Tanzania

Consumption equipment*

Recurrent costs*

Others and unspecified*

Unspecified goods*

Investment equipment, Finland*

Investment equipment, other IC*

Investment equipment, Tanzania*

Consumption equipment, Finland*

Consumption equipment, other IC*

Consumption equipment, Tanzania*

Unspecified goods, Finland*

Unspecified goods, other IC*

Unspecified goods, Tanzania*

TOTALContingencies 10%

TOTAL

wmmmmmmmmmmmmmZanzibar, calculated total (FIM)

mmmmm

iilliiili!

1991

3,434,960

445,949

80,000

30,000

25,000

15,000

70,000

60,000

80,000

30,000

0

70,000

60,000

40,000

40,000

530,000

600,000

160,000

90,000

40,000

20,000

60,000

20,000

40,000

6,040,909589,091

6,630,000

M

188,000

1992

5,470,248

960,934

350,000

50,000

150,000

20,000

80,000

50,000

220,000

100,000

70,000

100,000

30,000

40,000

50,000

1,900,000

1,800,000

350,000

100,000

100,000

40,000

100,000

50,000

40,000

12,221,1821,408,818

13,630,000

xfxmmr509,000

1993

4,173,359

999,096

370,000

50,000

160,000

20,000

80,000

50,000

250,000

130,000

70,000

170,000

30,000

100,000

50,000

6,000,000

1,500,000

600,000

100,000

50,000

60,000

180,000

200,000

40,000

15,432,4551,197,545

16,630,000

953,000

1994

3,965,005

1,039,360

400,000

50,000

170,000

20,000

80,000

50,000

280,000

150,000

40,000

170,000

30,000

40,000

50,000

4,900,000

1,800,000

600,000

100,000

40,000

60,000

180,000

200,000

40,000

14,454,3651,175,635

15,630,000

• 1 ^ 0 ^ ^

868,000mmmmmmwmam

TOTAL

17,043,572

3,445,339

1,200,000

180,000

505,000

75,000

310,000

210,000

830,000

410,000

180,000

510,000

150,000

220,000

190,000

13,330,000

5,700,000

1,710,000

390,000

230,000

180,000

520,000

470,000

160,000

48,148,9114,371,089

52,520,000

2,518,000

Local component is calculated to be 10 % of total investment and procurement costs (marked by *)

1IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII

Annex 5 2 ( 2 )

ANNUAL BREAKDOWN OF PROJECT BUDGET TO CONSULTANCY SERVICES, RECURRENT COSTS AND INVESTMENT COSTS

Investment costs*

Specification

Consultancy services

Recurrent costsa) procurements*b) others

TOTALContingencies 10%

TOTAL

Zanzibar, calculated total

mmmm

1991 1992 1993 1994

3,880,909 6,431,182 5,172,455 5,004,365

470,000 850,000 1,010,000 960,000280,000 700,000 730,000 770,000

1,410,000 4,240,000 8,520,000 7,720,000

6,040,909 12,221,182 15,432,455 14,454,365589,091 1,408,818 1,197,545 1,175,635

6,630,000 13,630,000 16,630,000 15,630,000

188,000 509,000 953.000• :• :• ̂ : - : o : - : - : • : • : • ^ •:•:•:•.•>:•:•:•:•:•:•:•:•:•:•:•:•:•.•:•;•>•:•:•: ' :•. r: • : • / . . : . ' . : . : • . :j • : . . - . - : : . o . - > . . : • : . : - : ->:- :->: r- x • : • : • : • • : • ^ • : • : • .

ifilil

TOTAL

20,488,911

3,290,0002,480,000

21,890,000

48,148,9114,371,089

52,520,000

2,518,000

itiillil

Local component is calculated to be 10 % of total investment and procurement costs (marked by *)

A breakdown of the operational budget will be given in the work plan

finnish international development 1 1 - irc :: home · pim fim (tas 50, 2, 126, 000, 520, 000, 000...

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