Finokalia Station

(35o 20' N, 25o 40' E, 250 m asl)

FINOKALIA monitoring station of the Environmental Chemical Processes Laboratory of the Dept. of Chemistry of the University of Crete

is located on the north coast of Crete 70 km to the East of Heraklion that is the nearest large urban centre (150 000 inhabitants). The

station is facing the sea within a sector 270o to 90o. The nearest village (10 inhabitants) is at 3 km to the south of the station.

No significant human activities occur within 15km in that ‘sea’ sector.

The station is part of the EUSAAR (European Supersites for Atmospheric Aerosol Research) and ACTRIS (ACTRIS (Aerosols, Clouds,

and Trace gases Research InfraStructure) Networks and also reports to the EMEP database.

In the East Mediterranean, Finokalia is characterized by the existence of two

well-distinguished seasons equally distributed through out the year: The dry

season (from April to September) and the wet season (from October to April).

5-days backward trajectory analysis showed that the dry season is mainly

characterized (up to 90%) by winds of N/NW direction (Central and Eastern

Europe and Balkans) and high speed. During the wet season the prevalence of

the N/NW sector is less pronounced while important transport from Sahara

(S/SW winds; occurrence up to 20%) takes place.

More details are given by Mihalopoulos et al., (Tellus, 49B, 314-326, 1997),

Kouvarakis et al., (J. Geophys. Res., 105, 4399-4407, 2000) and Gerasopoulos

et al., (J. Geophys. Res., 110, D15309, doi:10.1029/2005JD005991, 2005).

Publications extensively using data from Finokalia (1996 – 2010): More than 100 publications

in peer reviewed journals, including Science, JGR, ACP, GRL, Marine Chemistry, GBC

Selected publication in specific topics:

Long range transportLong range transportLong range transportLong range transport:� Kouvarakis G., Tsigaridis K., Kanakidou M., and N. Mihalopoulos, Temporal variations of surface regional background ozone over Crete Island in the Southeast

Mediterranean. J. . J. . J. . J. GeophysGeophysGeophysGeophys. Res.. Res.. Res.. Res., 105, 4,399 - 4,407, 2000.

� Lelieveld J., et al.., Global Air Pollution Crossroads over the Mediterranean, ScienceScienceScienceScience, 298, 794-799, 2002.

� Mandalakis M., H. Berresheim, and E. G. Stephanou, Direct Evidence for Destruction of Polychlorobiphenyls by OH Radicals in the Subtropical Troposphere, Environ. Sci. Environ. Sci. Environ. Sci. Environ. Sci.

Technol.Technol.Technol.Technol., 37 (3), 542–547, 2003.

Aerosols: occurrence, properties and climate impactAerosols: occurrence, properties and climate impactAerosols: occurrence, properties and climate impactAerosols: occurrence, properties and climate impact:� Gogou A., N. Stratigakis, M. Kanakidou, E. G. Stephanou, Organic aerosols in Eastern Mediterranean: components source reconciliation by using molecular markers and

atmospheric back trajectories, Organic GeochemistryOrganic GeochemistryOrganic GeochemistryOrganic Geochemistry, Volume 25, Issues 1-2, 79-96, 1996.

� Mihalopoulos N., Stephanou E., Pilitsidis S., Kanakidou M., Bousquet P., Atmospheric aerosol composition above the Eastern Mediterranean region, TellusTellusTellusTellus, 49B, 314-326,

1997.

� Bardouki H., H. Berresheim, M. Vrekoussis, J. Sciare, G. Kouvarakis, K. Oikonomou, J. Schneider, and N. Mihalopoulos, Gaseous (DMS, MSA, SO2, H2SO4 and DMSO) and

particulate (sulfate and methanesulfonate) sulfur species over the northeastern coast of Crete, Atmos. Chem. Phys.Atmos. Chem. Phys.Atmos. Chem. Phys.Atmos. Chem. Phys., 3, 1871-1886, 2003.

� Vrekoussis M., E. Liakakou, M. Kocak, N. Kubilay, K. Oikonomou, J. Sciare, N. Mihalopoulos, Seasonal variability of optical properties of aerosols in the Eastern

Mediterranean, Atmospheric EnvironmentAtmospheric EnvironmentAtmospheric EnvironmentAtmospheric Environment, Volume 39, Issue 37, 7083-7094, 2005.

� Kalivitis N., W. Birmili, M. Stock, B. Wehner, A. Massling, A. Wiedensohler, E. Gerasopoulos, and N. Mihalopoulos, Particle size distributions in the Eastern Mediterranean

troposphere, Atmos. Chem. PhysAtmos. Chem. PhysAtmos. Chem. PhysAtmos. Chem. Phys., 8, 6729-6738, 2008.

� Bougiatioti A., C. Fountoukis, N. Kalivitis, S. N. Pandis, A. Nenes, and N. Mihalopoulos, Cloud condensation nuclei measurements in the marine boundary layer of the Eastern

Mediterranean: CCN closure and droplet growth kinetics, Atmos. Chem. Phys.Atmos. Chem. Phys.Atmos. Chem. Phys.Atmos. Chem. Phys., 9, 7053-7066, 2009.

� Pikridas M., A. Bougiatioti, L. Hildebrandt, G. J. Engelhart, E. Kostenidou, C. Mohr, A. S. H. Prevot, G. Kouvarakis, P. Zarmpas, J. F. Burkhart, B.-H. Lee, M. Psichoudaki, N.

Mihalopoulos, C. Pilinis, A. Stohl, U. Baltensperger, M. Kulmala, and S. N. Pandis, The Finokalia Aerosol Measurement Experiment – 2008 (FAME-08): an overview, Atmos. Atmos. Atmos. Atmos.

Chem. Phys. Discuss.Chem. Phys. Discuss.Chem. Phys. Discuss.Chem. Phys. Discuss., 10, 1–39, 2010.

Biogeochemical CyclesBiogeochemical CyclesBiogeochemical CyclesBiogeochemical Cycles: � Kouvarakis, G., N. Mihalopoulos, Tselepides T., Stavrakakis S., On the importance of atmospheric nitrogen inputs on the productivity of Eastern Mediterranean, Global Global Global Global

BiogeochemBiogeochemBiogeochemBiogeochem. Cycles. Cycles. Cycles. Cycles, 15, 805-818, 2001

� Kouvarakis G., Bardouki H., and N. Mihalopoulos, Sulfur budget above the Eastern Mediterranean: Relative contribution of anthropogenic and biogenic sources, TellusTellusTellusTellus, 54B,

201-212, 2002.

� Markaki Z., K. Oikonomou, M. Kocak, G. Kouvarakis, A. Chaniotaki, N. Kubilay and N. Mihalopoulos, Atmospheric deposition of inorganic phosphorus in the Levantine Basin,

Eastern Mediterranean: Spatial, temporal variability and its role on the productivity of the Eastern Mediterranean Sea, LimnolLimnolLimnolLimnol. . . . OceanogrOceanogrOceanogrOceanogr...., 48(4), 1557–1568, 2003.

� Markaki Z., M.D. Loye-Pilot, K. Violaki, L. Benyahya, N. Mihalopoulos, Variability of atmospheric deposition of dissolved nitrogen and phosphorus in the Mediterranean and

possible link to the anomalous seawater N/P ratio, Marine ChemistryMarine ChemistryMarine ChemistryMarine Chemistry, Volume 120, Issues 1-4, Pages 187-194, 2010.

http://finokalia.chemistry.uoc.gr/workpages/publications/publications.htm

Head for organic aerosols

samplers

JO1D / JNO2

Meteorological

Station

�Wind speed (m*s-1)

�Wind Direction (o)

�Temperature (oC)

�Humidity (%)

�Radiation (w*m-2)

PeroxyAcetyl Nitrate (PAN)(GC chromatography)

Radon / Thoroninstrument

Rain Collector

Pumps for aerosol

sampling

Pumps for gas phase

sampling

http://finokalia.chemistry.uoc.gr

Satellite internet

for remote control

(Hellas Sat)

Inlet for aerosol

instruments

Virtual Impactors

(VI)aerosol sampler

(fine - coarse mode)

PM1aerosol sampler

Small Deposit

Αrea Impactors (SDI)aerosol sampler

(12 collecting stages)

NOx instrument

(42C Thermo)

O3 instrument

(49C Thermo / 1008 Dasibi)

CO instrument

(48C thermo)

Scanning Mobility Particle Sizer

(SMPS)

PSAP (Particle Soot Absorption Photometer)

(470, 522, 660 nm)

Radiance Research

Aethalometer(370, 470, 520, 590, 660, 880, 950 nm)

(AE-30 Magee)

CPC instrument

(3025A TSI)

PM10 mass measurement

instrument

(FH 62 I-R thermo)

Particle into Liquid Sampler

(PILS)

Nephelometer (M903 - Radiance Research)

Environmental Chemical

Processes LaboratoryUniversity of Crete

1997 - 2006

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