fire extinguisher

FIRE EXTINGUISHERFIRE EXTINGUISHER

D

TRAININGTRAINING

ObjectivesObjectives

Understand the combustion process and different fire Understand the combustion process and different fire classes.classes.

Understand fire extinguisher types, operating Understand fire extinguisher types, operating procedures, capabilities, and limitations. procedures, capabilities, and limitations.

Understand basic firefighting concepts:Understand basic firefighting concepts:

R.A.C.E.R.A.C.E. P.A.S.S.P.A.S.S.

The Combustion ProcessThe Combustion Process

FUEL

TEMPERATURE

OXYGENCHAIN

REACTION

THE FIRE TETRAHEDRONTHE FIRE TETRAHEDRON

Fire ClassesFire ClassesA Trash Wood PaperTrash Wood Paper C C Electrical EquipmentElectrical Equipment

B B Liquids GreaseLiquids GreaseCOMBUSTIBLECOMBUSTIBLE

METALS

D

woodwood clothcloth paperpaper rubberrubber many plasticsmany plastics

• gasolinegasoline• oiloil• greasegrease• tartar• oil-based paintoil-based paint• lacquerlacquer• flammable flammable

gasesgases

• energized energized electrical electrical equipmentequipment

• magnesiummagnesium• sodiumsodium• potassiumpotassium• titaniumtitanium• zirconiumzirconium• other other

flammable flammable metalsmetals

Fire Classes (cont.)Fire Classes (cont.)

KK Cooking MediaCooking Media • Recently recognized by NFPA 10.Recently recognized by NFPA 10.

• Fires involving combustible Fires involving combustible vegetable or animal non-vegetable or animal non-saturated cooking fats in saturated cooking fats in commercial cooking equipment.commercial cooking equipment.

CLASS K FIRESCLASS K FIRES

Fire Extinguisher AnatomyFire Extinguisher Anatomy

DISCHARGE HOSEDISCHARGE HOSE

DISCHARGE NOZZLEDISCHARGE NOZZLE

DISCHARGE ORIFICEDISCHARGE ORIFICE

BODYBODY

DATA PLATEDATA PLATE

CARRYINGCARRYINGHANDLEHANDLE

PRESSURE GAUGEPRESSURE GAUGE(not found on CO(not found on CO22

extinguishers)extinguishers)

DISCHARGE LEVERDISCHARGE LEVER

DISCHARGE LOCKING PINDISCHARGE LOCKING PINAND SEALAND SEAL

Fire Extinguisher RatingsFire Extinguisher RatingsNUMERALNUMERAL FIRE CLASSFIRE CLASS RANGERANGE

DIRECT INDEX OF THE SIZE FIRE THE QUANTITY OF AGENT

CAN HANDLE

1-A thru 40-A

AA Trash Wood PaperTrash Wood Paper

INDICATION OF THE SQUARE FOOT AREA OF FLAMMABLE

LIQUID THE EXTINGUISHER WILL HANDLE

1-B thru 640-B

BB Liquids Grease

C Electrical Equipment

NO NUMERAL IS USED BECAUSE THERE ARE NO DEGREES OF

SAFETY WHERE ELECTRICITY IS CONCERNED

N/A

NOT APPLICABLE BECAUSE OF THE SPECIALIZED NATURE OF

THE BURNING MATERIALN/AD

COMBUSTIBLE

METALS

KK Cooking Media

1-A:C:K or 2-A:C:KDIRECT INDEX OF THE SIZE

FIRE THE QUANTITY OF AGENT CAN HANDLE

Fire Extinguisher ApplicationsFire Extinguisher ApplicationsFIRE CLASS EFFECTIVE EXTINGUISHER TYPES

PRESSURIZED WATER, MULTIPURPOSE DRY PRESSURIZED WATER, MULTIPURPOSE DRY CHEMICAL, LARGER SIZE HALON, WET CHEMICALCHEMICAL, LARGER SIZE HALON, WET CHEMICAL

MULTIPURPOSE DRY CHEMICAL, CARBON DIOXIDE, MULTIPURPOSE DRY CHEMICAL, CARBON DIOXIDE, HALONHALON

MULTIPURPOSE DRY CHEMICAL, CARBON DIOXIDE, MULTIPURPOSE DRY CHEMICAL, CARBON DIOXIDE, HALON, WET CHEMICALHALON, WET CHEMICAL

COMBUSTIBLE METALCOMBUSTIBLE METALDCOMBUSTIBLE

METALS

B Liquids Grease


A Trash Wood Paper

K Cooking Media

WET CHEMICALWET CHEMICAL

Fire Extinguisher TypesFire Extinguisher Types

Class “A” fires only.Class “A” fires only.

2.5 gal. water at 150-175 psi 2.5 gal. water at 150-175 psi (up to 1 (up to 1 minute discharge time).minute discharge time).

Has pressure gauge to allow visual Has pressure gauge to allow visual capacity check.capacity check.

30-40 ft. maximum effective range.30-40 ft. maximum effective range.

Can be started and stopped as Can be started and stopped as necessary.necessary.

Extinguishes byExtinguishes by coolingcooling burning burning material below the ignition point.material below the ignition point.

PRESSURIZED WATERPRESSURIZED WATERA Trash Wood Paper

B Liquids Grease


A Trash Wood Paper

B Liquids Grease


Fire Extinguisher Types (cont.)Fire Extinguisher Types (cont.)

Class “B” or “C” fires.Class “B” or “C” fires. 2.5-100 lb. of CO2.5-100 lb. of CO22 gas at 150-200 psi gas at 150-200 psi

(8-30 seconds discharge time).(8-30 seconds discharge time). HasHas NONO pressure gauge--capacity pressure gauge--capacity

verified by weight.verified by weight. 3-8 ft. maximum effective range.3-8 ft. maximum effective range. Extinguishes byExtinguishes by smotheringsmothering

burning materials.burning materials. EffectivenessEffectiveness decreasesdecreases as as

temperature of burning material temperature of burning material increases.increases.

CARBON DIOXIDE (COCARBON DIOXIDE (CO22))A Trash Wood Paper

B Liquids Grease


A Trash Wood Paper

B Liquids Grease



Class “A”, “B”, or “C” fires.Class “A”, “B”, or “C” fires.

2.5-20 lb. dry chemical 2.5-20 lb. dry chemical (ammonium (ammonium phosphate) phosphate) pressurized to 50-200 psi pressurized to 50-200 psi by nitrogen gas by nitrogen gas (8-25 seconds (8-25 seconds discharge time).discharge time).


5-20 ft. maximum effective range.5-20 ft. maximum effective range.

Extinguishes byExtinguishes by smotheringsmothering burning burning materials.materials.

MULTIPURPOSE DRY CHEMICALMULTIPURPOSE DRY CHEMICALA Trash Wood Paper

B Liquids Grease


A Trash Wood Paper

B Liquids Grease



Class “A”, “B”, or “C” fires Class “A”, “B”, or “C” fires (smaller (smaller sizes ineffective against Class “A”).sizes ineffective against Class “A”).

9-17 lb. Halon 1211 (pressurized liquid) 9-17 lb. Halon 1211 (pressurized liquid) released as vapor released as vapor (8-18 seconds (8-18 seconds discharge time).discharge time).


9-16 ft. maximum effective range.9-16 ft. maximum effective range. Works best in confined area--ideal for Works best in confined area--ideal for

electronics fire due to lack of residue.electronics fire due to lack of residue. Extinguishes byExtinguishes by smotheringsmothering burning burning

materials.materials. Fumes toxic if inhaled.Fumes toxic if inhaled. Halon is ozone depleting chemical--Halon is ozone depleting chemical--

production halted in Jan ‘94.production halted in Jan ‘94.

HALONHALONA Trash Wood Paper

B Liquids Grease


A Trash Wood Paper

B Liquids Grease



Class “D” combustible metal fires Class “D” combustible metal fires only.only.

30 lb. pressurized dry powder 30 lb. pressurized dry powder optimized for specific combustible optimized for specific combustible metal metal (also available in bulk (also available in bulk containers for hand scooping onto containers for hand scooping onto fire to extinguish).fire to extinguish).

6-8 ft. maximum effective range.6-8 ft. maximum effective range. To activate, must first open To activate, must first open

nitrogen cylinder on back to nitrogen cylinder on back to pressurize body.pressurize body.

Extinguishes byExtinguishes by smotheringsmothering burning materials.burning materials.

COMBUSTIBLE METALCOMBUSTIBLE METAL

DCOMBUSTIBLE

METALS


Class “A”, “C”, and “K” fires.Class “A”, “C”, and “K” fires. 1.5 gal. of stored pressure PRX 1.5 gal. of stored pressure PRX

wet chemical extinguishing agent wet chemical extinguishing agent (40 sec. discharge time)(40 sec. discharge time)..

10-12 ft. maximum effective range.10-12 ft. maximum effective range. On Class “K” fires, don’t use untilOn Class “K” fires, don’t use until

afterafter fixed extinguishing system fixed extinguishing system has activated.has activated.

Extinguishes byExtinguishes by coolingcooling and and forming foam blanket to prevent re-forming foam blanket to prevent re-ignition.ignition.

WET CHEMICALWET CHEMICALA Trash Wood PaperA Trash Wood Paper

C Electrical EquipmentC Electrical Equipment

K Cooking Media

Fire Extinguisher SummaryFire Extinguisher SummaryEXTINGUISHER TYPE WORKS BY EFFECTIVE AGAINST

PRESSURIZED WATER

CARBON DIOXIDE

MULTIPURPOSE DRY CHEMICAL

HALON

COMBUSTIBLE METAL

COOLING

SMOTHERING

SMOTHERING

SMOTHERING

SMOTHERING

D

WET CHEMICALCOOLING/

SMOTHERING

Fire Emergency ResponseFire Emergency Response

R RRescueescue

AAlarmlarm

CContainontain

EExtinguishxtinguish

A

C

E

Firefighting Decision CriteriaFirefighting Decision Criteria KnowKnow department emergency procedures and evacuation department emergency procedures and evacuation

routes.routes. KnowKnow locations of extinguishers in your area and how to locations of extinguishers in your area and how to

use them.use them. AlwaysAlways sound the alarmsound the alarm regardlessregardless of fire size.of fire size. AvoidAvoid smoky conditions.smoky conditions. EnsureEnsure area is evacuated.area is evacuated. Don’tDon’t attempt to fight unless:attempt to fight unless:

Alarm is sounded.Alarm is sounded. Fire isFire is smallsmall and and containedcontained.. You have safe egress route (can be reachedYou have safe egress route (can be reached withoutwithout

exposure to fire).exposure to fire). Available extinguishers are rated for size and type of Available extinguishers are rated for size and type of

fire.fire. If in doubt,If in doubt, evacuate!evacuate!

Fighting the FireFighting the Fire

SSweepweep side to sideside to side

AAimim low at the low at the base of flamesbase of flames

SSqueeze thequeeze thehandlehandle

PPullull the pinthe pinP

A

S

S

SummarySummary

Combustion process Combustion process (Fire Tetrahedron).(Fire Tetrahedron). Class A, B, C, D, K fires.Class A, B, C, D, K fires. Types of portable fire extinguishers:Types of portable fire extinguishers:

Operating procedures.Operating procedures. Capabilities and limitations.Capabilities and limitations.

Basic firefighting concepts:Basic firefighting concepts:

R.A.C.E.R.A.C.E. P.A.S.S.P.A.S.S.

fire extinguisher

Documents