Fire Ground OperationsFire Ground OperationsCommand StructureCommand StructureResponsibilitiesResponsibilitiesRolesRoles

Command StructureCommand StructureIncident Commander

SafetyInside Sector Officer

Truck Company

Outside Sector Officer

Engine Company

PIO

RIT

Incident CommanderIncident Commander

Overall responsibility for all operations.Overall responsibility for all operations. Directs fire operations.Directs fire operations. Communicates with dispatch.Communicates with dispatch. Communicates with Sector Officers, Safety and Communicates with Sector Officers, Safety and

PIO to gain information needed for fire attack.PIO to gain information needed for fire attack. Assigns fire ground responsibilities based on Assigns fire ground responsibilities based on

information gathered from subordinates, information gathered from subordinates, dispatch, public or any other means.dispatch, public or any other means.

Outside Sector OfficerOutside Sector Officer

Reports to Incident CommanderReports to Incident Commander Monitors fire status and situation outside Monitors fire status and situation outside

the structure. Relays information to IC.the structure. Relays information to IC. Monitors and directs outside activities.Monitors and directs outside activities. Requests crew assignment as related to Requests crew assignment as related to

outside activities.outside activities.

Inside Sector OfficerInside Sector Officer

Reports to Incident CommanderReports to Incident Commander Directs inside operations.Directs inside operations. Maintains accountability system.Maintains accountability system. Requests crew assignments as related to Requests crew assignments as related to

inside activities.inside activities.

Safety OfficerSafety Officer

Reports to Incident CommanderReports to Incident Commander Oversees fire ground safety.Oversees fire ground safety. Ensures all operations are conducted as safely as Ensures all operations are conducted as safely as

possible.possible. Makes recommendations or changes to questionable Makes recommendations or changes to questionable

safety situations.safety situations. Consults with IC, Inside and Outside Sector Officers as Consults with IC, Inside and Outside Sector Officers as

necessary and gives status reports as incident matures.necessary and gives status reports as incident matures. Has the authority to terminate ANY activity immediately Has the authority to terminate ANY activity immediately

considered unsafeconsidered unsafe Establishes and monitors Rehab.Establishes and monitors Rehab.

Public Information OfficerPublic Information Officer

Reports to Incident CommanderReports to Incident Commander Gathers information pertaining to incident.Gathers information pertaining to incident. Consults with Command Staff on Consults with Command Staff on

information gathered to prepare a press information gathered to prepare a press releaserelease

Relays and reports information to the Relays and reports information to the media. Press release.media. Press release.

Rapid Intervention TeamRapid Intervention Team

Reports to SafetyReports to Safety Establishes RIT Staging area with associated tools and Establishes RIT Staging area with associated tools and

equipment required for assignment.equipment required for assignment. May be involved in various outside activities as long as May be involved in various outside activities as long as

no interference with ability to go inside if activated.no interference with ability to go inside if activated. Upon activation, performs search and rescue of Upon activation, performs search and rescue of

firefighter or assist in emergency evacuation of inside firefighter or assist in emergency evacuation of inside crews.crews.

MAINTAINS MAINTAINS TEAMTEAM CONTINUITY. DOES NOT CONTINUITY. DOES NOT FREELANCE. STAYS WITH TEAM UNTIL FREELANCE. STAYS WITH TEAM UNTIL REASSIGNEDREASSIGNED

RIT TeamRIT TeamTOOLSTOOLS

Tarpolean- set up RIT staging areaTarpolean- set up RIT staging area RIT Bag – contains SCBA Cylinder, regulator, RIT Bag – contains SCBA Cylinder, regulator,

spare mask, transfill hose.spare mask, transfill hose. Search toolsSearch tools

• HalliganHalligan• TNT ToolTNT Tool• AxeAxe• LightLight• RopeRope• TICTIC• Others as requiredOthers as required

Truck CompanyTruck Company What Is A Truck Company?What Is A Truck Company? Truck companies are sometimes called “ladder" companies, "hook-and-Truck companies are sometimes called “ladder" companies, "hook-and-

ladder" companies, "aerial" companies, and "snorkel" companies. Such ladder" companies, "aerial" companies, and "snorkel" companies. Such labels might partially describe ladder company apparatus, but they do not labels might partially describe ladder company apparatus, but they do not even hint at the planning, personnel, equipment and training that are even hint at the planning, personnel, equipment and training that are coordinated in an efficiently operating ladder company. A ladder truck and a coordinated in an efficiently operating ladder company. A ladder truck and a driver do not make a ladder company, any more than a pumper and a driver driver do not make a ladder company, any more than a pumper and a driver make an engine company.make an engine company.

The ladder company provides access to, and exits for, all parts of a fire The ladder company provides access to, and exits for, all parts of a fire building. Ladder company crews also are responsible for removing heat, building. Ladder company crews also are responsible for removing heat, smoke and gases to allow greater visibility and permit engine company smoke and gases to allow greater visibility and permit engine company crews to move rapidly and safely within a fire building or exposed buildings. crews to move rapidly and safely within a fire building or exposed buildings. These examples do not by any means include all the duties of a ladder These examples do not by any means include all the duties of a ladder company, but they do illustrate two important points about ladder company company, but they do illustrate two important points about ladder company work.work.

1. Ladder work is required at every fire.1. Ladder work is required at every fire. 2. Ladder operations either accompany or precede engine operations. 2. Ladder operations either accompany or precede engine operations.

Truck Company OpsTruck Company OpsThe ladder company should be thinking about The ladder company should be thinking about Access and egressAccess and egress Life hazardLife hazard Fire location and spreadFire location and spread Window type and positionsWindow type and positions Forcible entryForcible entry Building height and construction typeBuilding height and construction type Roof type and loadingRoof type and loading Ground ladder placementGround ladder placement Defensive operationsDefensive operations CollapseCollapse PPV possibilitiesPPV possibilities Vertical ventilation profileVertical ventilation profile RescueRescue Type and location of utilitiesType and location of utilities

Truck Company Truck Company L.O.V.E.R.S.U.L.O.V.E.R.S.U.

LadderLadder Overhaul and SalvageOverhaul and Salvage VentilationVentilation Entry – ForcibleEntry – Forcible RescueRescue SearchSearch UtilitiesUtilities

Truck Company OpsTruck Company Ops

Except for rescue, the duties may not Except for rescue, the duties may not necessarily be performed in the given necessarily be performed in the given order, and it may order, and it may notnot be necessary to be necessary to perform all of the duties at every fire.perform all of the duties at every fire.

Crews performing the initial duties Crews performing the initial duties associated with the Truck Company associated with the Truck Company should be organized into inside and should be organized into inside and outside teams if manpower permits.outside teams if manpower permits.

Truck Company OpsTruck Company Ops

The inside team shall be responsible for The inside team shall be responsible for the following:the following:

•• Forcible EntryForcible Entry

•• Immediate search and rescue of victimsImmediate search and rescue of victims

•• Assist engine company in locating the fireAssist engine company in locating the fire

•• Ventilate as requiredVentilate as required

Truck Company OpsTruck Company Ops

The outside teams shall be responsible for the The outside teams shall be responsible for the following:following:

•• Laddering for access, egress, rescue work and Laddering for access, egress, rescue work and exterior horizontal ventilation. exterior horizontal ventilation.

•• Vertical ventilation - at the roofVertical ventilation - at the roof•• Where possible – perform a perimeter search of Where possible – perform a perimeter search of

the building for persons who may be trapped or the building for persons who may be trapped or have fallen –from the roofhave fallen –from the roof

•• Locating the fire – from the roofLocating the fire – from the roof•• Transmit vital information to the I. C. Transmit vital information to the I. C.

Truck Company OpsTruck Company Ops

COMMUNICATION-COMMUNICATION-• Communications must be maintained with the Communications must be maintained with the

I.C. to monitor progress of engine company I.C. to monitor progress of engine company operations and the I.C. shall be kept up to date operations and the I.C. shall be kept up to date on the progress of the crew, update should on the progress of the crew, update should include but are not limited to: difficulty or failure include but are not limited to: difficulty or failure to complete the assignment, the assignment has to complete the assignment, the assignment has been completed or the crews position has been been completed or the crews position has been changed and the reason why.changed and the reason why.

Truck Company OpsTruck Company OpsTOOLSTOOLS

• Axe (Flat or Pick) your Axe (Flat or Pick) your preference or pending job typepreference or pending job type

• SledgehammerSledgehammer• LightLight• Ladder(s)Ladder(s)• Salvage CoversSalvage Covers• Hook – Halligan, roof, drywallHook – Halligan, roof, drywall• Pike PolePike Pole• TICTIC• Chain SawChain Saw• PWPW

Engine Company OpsEngine Company Ops

The Engine Company The Engine Company should be thinking about.should be thinking about.

• Life hazardLife hazard• Fire spreadFire spread• Building construction and Building construction and

typetype• Fire flow needed to Fire flow needed to

extinguishextinguish• Water supplyWater supply• Hose line placementHose line placement

Engine Company OpsEngine Company Ops

Primary ObjectivesPrimary Objectives

1.1. Attack and extinguish fireAttack and extinguish fire

2.2. Act as a supply pumper and provide water to Act as a supply pumper and provide water to other engines engaged in fire attackother engines engaged in fire attack

3.3. Supply water to fire protection systems and Supply water to fire protection systems and standpipesstandpipes

4.4. Supply water to master stream appliances like Supply water to master stream appliances like those found on aerial ladders or platforms. those found on aerial ladders or platforms. (perhaps some day for us).(perhaps some day for us).

Engine Company OpsEngine Company Ops

Roles and responsibilitiesRoles and responsibilities1.1. RescueRescue2.2. Exposure protectionExposure protection3.3. Initial attack lineInitial attack line4.4. Heavy streamsHeavy streams5.5. Water supplyWater supply6.6. Fire protection systemsFire protection systems7.7. Second lineSecond line8.8. OverhaulOverhaul

Engine Company OpsEngine Company OpsThe engine company officer/crew leader should begin gathering The engine company officer/crew leader should begin gathering information that will assist the crew(s) in stretching lines rapidly andinformation that will assist the crew(s) in stretching lines rapidly and accurately to the fire area:accurately to the fire area:

Incident scene radio transmissions from IC‑Truck CrewIncident scene radio transmissions from IC‑Truck Crew Type and location of stairwaysType and location of stairways Occupants location and best means of egressOccupants location and best means of egress Search area for victimsSearch area for victims Attempt to determine the seat of the fireAttempt to determine the seat of the fire

While gathering information concerning the hose line stretches for the primary While gathering information concerning the hose line stretches for the primary and secondary attack lines, the company officer/crew leader should be alert to and secondary attack lines, the company officer/crew leader should be alert to building occupants with information relative to persons trapped or distressed. building occupants with information relative to persons trapped or distressed. Removing victims in immediate danger shall take precedence over advancing Removing victims in immediate danger shall take precedence over advancing an attack line. Whenever possible, advancement of the attack line should be an attack line. Whenever possible, advancement of the attack line should be conducted simultaneously with the rescue of victims.conducted simultaneously with the rescue of victims.

The selection of the size of the initial attack line shall be determined by the The selection of the size of the initial attack line shall be determined by the conditions evaluated on arrival. A back up line should be put into operations conditions evaluated on arrival. A back up line should be put into operations as soon as possible, preferably the next larger hose line in case the initial line as soon as possible, preferably the next larger hose line in case the initial line cannot flow the necessary water to control the fire. cannot flow the necessary water to control the fire.

Engine Company OpsEngine Company OpsHose Line DeploymentHose Line Deployment

Attack lines are recommended to be deployed Attack lines are recommended to be deployed according to the following priorities:according to the following priorities:

1.1. Between trapped occupants and/or rescuers and Between trapped occupants and/or rescuers and the fire.the fire.

2.2. Protect primary means of egress. Including Protect primary means of egress. Including stairways.stairways.

3.3. Protect interior exposures.Protect interior exposures.

4.4. Protect exterior exposures.Protect exterior exposures.

5.5. Fire control and extinguishment.Fire control and extinguishment.

6.6. Operation of Master StreamsOperation of Master Streams

Engine Company OpsEngine Company OpsHose Line SelectionHose Line SelectionPRIVATE DWELLING – One or two family with PRIVATE DWELLING – One or two family with

possible basement or attic apartment:possible basement or attic apartment:

0 to 25% involvement0 to 25% involvement

1.1. 1st attack line1st attack line 1¾”1¾”

2.2. 2nd attack line 1¾”2nd attack line 1¾”

25% to 100% involvement25% to 100% involvement

1.1. 1st attack line1st attack line 2½”2½”

2.2. 2nd attack line 2½” or portable monitor2nd attack line 2½” or portable monitor

Engine Company OpsEngine Company OpsHose Line SelectionHose Line SelectionMULTIPLE DWELLING – Three or more family dwellingMULTIPLE DWELLING – Three or more family dwellingwith possible basement apartments and larger with possible basement apartments and larger apartment buildings:apartment buildings:

Single dwelling unit fireSingle dwelling unit fire1.1. 1st attack line1st attack line 1¾”1¾”2.2. 2nd attack line2nd attack line 1¾”1¾”

Multiple dwelling units, or fire on upper floor driven by high winds Multiple dwelling units, or fire on upper floor driven by high winds 1.1. 1st attack Line1st attack Line 2½”2½”

Greater than 50% involvementGreater than 50% involvement1.1. 1st attack line1st attack line 2½”2½”2.2. 2nd attack line2nd attack line 2½” or portable monitor, fixed, apparatus 2½” or portable monitor, fixed, apparatus

mounted monitormounted monitor

Engine Company OpsEngine Company OpsHose Line SelectionHose Line Selection

• COMMERCIAL – Row stores one or two story, big box COMMERCIAL – Row stores one or two story, big box store (strip mall, taxpayer).store (strip mall, taxpayer).

Smoke visibleSmoke visible

1.1. 1st attack line1st attack line 2½”2½”

2.2. 2nd attack line2nd attack line 2½” or portable monitor2½” or portable monitor

Fire visible Fire visible

1.1. 1st attack line1st attack line 2½” 2½”

2.2. 2nd attack line2nd attack line 2½” or 2nd portable monitor with 2 supply line2½” or 2nd portable monitor with 2 supply line

3.3. Fixed, apparatus mounted monitorFixed, apparatus mounted monitor

Engine Company OpsEngine Company OpsHose Line SelectionHose Line Selection

INDUSTRIAL – Factory type, mill construction multi-INDUSTRIAL – Factory type, mill construction multi-storystory

1.1. 1st attack line1st attack line 2½”2½”

2.2. 2nd attack line2nd attack line 2½”2½”

3.3. Back-up lineBack-up line 2nd 2½” or portable monitor, if possible2nd 2½” or portable monitor, if possible

Greater than 25% involvement will require going directly to portable monitors or Greater than 25% involvement will require going directly to portable monitors or fixed, apparatus mounted monitor.fixed, apparatus mounted monitor.

Engine Company OPSEngine Company OPSA.D.U.L.T.S.A.D.U.L.T.S.

When to use a larger hose line……When to use a larger hose line……

A- Advanced Fire ConditionsA- Advanced Fire Conditions

D- Defensive Fire OperationsD- Defensive Fire Operations

U- Undetermined Fire LocationU- Undetermined Fire Location

L- Large Area StructureL- Large Area Structure

T- tons of water needed for extinguishmentT- tons of water needed for extinguishment

S- Standpipe OperationsS- Standpipe Operations

Engine CompanyEngine CompanyToolsTools

Your PPE of Your PPE of Course…and radio.Course…and radio.

LightLight HoselineHoseline TICTIC Set of IronsSet of Irons Small hook or pikeSmall hook or pike

Your Personal Responsibility and Your Personal Responsibility and Duty on EVERY Scene or IncidentDuty on EVERY Scene or Incident

Arrive to the scene safely. Arrive to the scene safely. GO TO TACTICAL CHANNEL.GO TO TACTICAL CHANNEL. Have ALL proper PPE on required for the incident. Make sure it is in proper Have ALL proper PPE on required for the incident. Make sure it is in proper

working order.working order. Report to IC.Report to IC. Report to Accountability and deposit your tag.Report to Accountability and deposit your tag. NO FREELANCING.NO FREELANCING. Go to staging if not immediately assigned.Go to staging if not immediately assigned. If not assigned STAY IN STAGING. THIS IS IMPORTANT. MANDATORY. If not assigned STAY IN STAGING. THIS IS IMPORTANT. MANDATORY. Do your own size up.Do your own size up. You are responsible for your personal safety and your teams safety as well.You are responsible for your personal safety and your teams safety as well. When assigned to a team or group report to Accountability.When assigned to a team or group report to Accountability. Stay with your team at all times. NO FREELANCING.Stay with your team at all times. NO FREELANCING. When assignment is complete report to your Sector Officer for additional When assignment is complete report to your Sector Officer for additional

assignment. If no assignment, GO TO STAGING OR REHAB. Ensure your assignment. If no assignment, GO TO STAGING OR REHAB. Ensure your assignment “status” is updated with the Accountability Officer. assignment “status” is updated with the Accountability Officer.

Remember – if you do not have and assignment or are not in Rehab, you Remember – if you do not have and assignment or are not in Rehab, you are to be in the Staging area.are to be in the Staging area.

You Should Have….You Should Have….

Your PPE- obviously, coat, pants, gloves, Your PPE- obviously, coat, pants, gloves, helmet, flash hood… and your SCBA mask!helmet, flash hood… and your SCBA mask!

Accountability TagAccountability Tag RadioRadio Visibility vest - for roadside scenesVisibility vest - for roadside scenes FlashlightFlashlight Wire cuttersWire cutters ScrewdriverScrewdriver PER (Personal Escape Rope) with carribeaner.PER (Personal Escape Rope) with carribeaner.

Things to think aboutThings to think about

1.1. Resources-Equipment-WaterResources-Equipment-Water2.2. Size upSize up3.3. Rescue – Everyone out?Rescue – Everyone out?4.4. Offensive -DefensiveOffensive -Defensive5.5. Plan of Attack – where’s the fire?Plan of Attack – where’s the fire?6.6. VentilationVentilation7.7. RIT – 2 in 2 outRIT – 2 in 2 out8.8. AccountabilityAccountability9.9. RehabRehab10.10. Salvage and OverhaulSalvage and Overhaul