Fire Hazard, Safety And Prevention

-ZAUWAD ALAM

INTRODUCTION• Hazard is a term associated with a substance that is likelihood to cause

an injury in a given environment or situation . A hazard is generally anything that can hurt you or make you ill. • Industrial hazard may be defined as any condition produced by

industries that may cause injury or death to personnel or loss of product or property .

• Safety in simple terms means freedom from the occurrence of risk or injury or loss

• Industrial safety refers to the protection of workers from the danger of industrial accidents .

Fire Hazard

Class A Class B Class C Class D Special Cat.

Solid Materials: Wood Plastic Textiles Paper etc.

CLASS A

Flammable Liquids & Gases

CLASS B

Electrical Short circuits

CLASS C

Combustible Metals Aluminum Magnesium Titanium Zirconium etc.

CLASS D

Extremely active oxides or mixtures Nitric acid Hydrogen peroxide Solid missile propellants

Special Cat.

General CausesElectrical Failures and Misuse of Electrical Equipment by ensuring proper installation, maintenance, and use; conducting regular inspections; and, providing job training to

employees. Also, be sure to replace worn electrical cords and avoid overloading

electrical circuits.

Friction through proper maintenance, lubrication, and frequent inspections of

your equipment.

Cont.…Housekeeping and Maintenance through attention to housekeeping. Immediately dispose

of flammable wastes and scrap in metal containers with metal lids.

Avoid excessive stockpiling, and put trash and paper in proper containers.

The Strategy of Preventing a Fire

• A fire must have three things to ignite and maintain combustion:• Fuel• Heat • Oxygen

• The basic strategy of fire prevention is to control or isolate sources of fuel and heat in order to prevent combustion

Types of Portable Fire Extinguishers

• Water-Based• Aqueous Film-Forming Foam• Carbon Dioxide• Dry Chemical

Water Based Extinguishers

• Rechargeable from a clean water source. All recharging and testing should be done by an approved fire extinguisher servicing company.

• Use on class A fires only.

Aqueous Film-Forming Foam Extinguishers

• This synthetic foam has a low viscosity and spreads rapidly across the surface of most hydrocarbon fuels. A water film forms beneath the foam, which cools the liquid fuel, stopping the formation of flammable vapors.

• Must be protected from freezing• Use on class A or A/B fires• Do not use on deep-fat fryer fires

Carbon Dioxide Extinguishers

• The CO2 Extinguisher Canisters contain carbon dioxide in liquid form, and when the extinguisher is let off the liquid is released into the air neutralizing the oxygen that the fire is feeding on, disabling the fires ability to spread.

• limited in range• may deplete the user’s oxygen supply• Use on class B or C fires.

Dry Chemical Extinguishers

• A dry chemical fire extinguisher is to blanket the fuel with an inert solid (similar to dirt or sand). A dry chemical extinguisher sprays a very fine powder of NaHCO3, baking soda, potassium bicarbonate. These solids coat the fuel and smother the fire..

• They are available in A/B/C and B/C.

PASS System

P • PullA • AimS • SqueezeS • Sweep

Fire Prevention

• Life SafetyThe primary goal of fire safety efforts is to protect building occupants from injury and to prevent loss of life.

• Property ProtectionThe secondary goal of fire safety is to prevent property damage.

• Protection of OperationsBy preventing fires and limiting damage we can assure that work operations will continue.

Fire Detection Devices• Smoke detectors-

• require a flow of air in order to work well, so they should not be located in “dead” spaces

• should not be used in food preparation areas.

• Heat detectors-• detect fires where there is no smoke• activated by the significant increase of temperature associated with fire

• Flame detectors-• react to the movement of flames.

Do not attempt to fight a fire if the following events occur

• The smoke is extremely thick.• The fire is too hot for you to get close enough to fight it

effectively.• The fire is greater than 3 feet across.• There are potentially hazardous substances near the fire.• You do not have the correct type of fire extinguisher for

the fire at hand.• You do not know how to use the fire extinguisher.

If you cannot fight the fire alone, follow these steps:

• 1. Call the fire department.• 2. Begin evacuating staff and guests. • 3. Turn off the gas valve to prevent escalation• 4. Meet other employees at the pre-assigned meeting place.• 5. Make sure that all persons have safely escaped.• 6. When the fire department arrives, inform a firefighter if

anyone is missing; do not reenter the building yourself.

Preventing other Fires

• Keep all flammable items and materials away from heat sources

• Store all linens and food in dry storage boxes• Store paper goods away from corrosive materials• Employee Training

OSHA requires that these rules also be followed:

• Do not lock exit doors; doing so prevents escape from inside the building. Doors shall never be chained, barred, bolted, or latched when the building is occupied.

• Prohibit the use of locking devices that are difficult to open against door pressure (e.g., slide bolts, hasps, hooks and eyes).

• Prevent the door from being blocked by debris, surplus stock, mechanical equipment, or ice and snow.

• Maintain all door components in working condition.

Fire Safety Signs And Symbols

Conclusion

• Regularly check electrical equipment• Maintain proper fire safety equipment• Follow correct steps to put out fires and evacuate the

building

In order to protect yourself, it is important to understand the basic characteristics of fire.

Fire is FAST. In just two minutes, a fire can become life-threatening. In five minutes, a residence can be engulfed in flames.

Fire is DARK. Fire produces gases that make you disoriented and drowsy. Instead of being awakened by a fire, you may fall into a deeper sleep. Asphyxiation is the leading cause of fire deaths, exceeding burns by a three- to- one ratio.

Fire is HOT. Heat and smoke from fire can be more dangerous than the flames. Inhaling the superhot air can sear your lungs.

THANK YOU