Fire Safety Arrangement

Presented By:

MUKUL TRIVEDI

(MT15CTM010)

SHUBHAM CHAUHAN

(MT15CTM016)

WHAT IS FIRE ?

Fire is a chemical reaction, in which substance (fuel) combines with oxygen.

The reaction is exothermic and usually associated with emission of heat, light, various reaction products and smoke.

WHAT ELEMENTS ARE NEEDED TO START A FIRE?

The fire triangle is a simple model for understanding the necessary ingredients for most fires.

The triangle illustrates the three elements a fire needs to ignite: heat, fuel, and an oxidizing agent (usually oxygen).

FUEL CAN BE OF 3 TYPES:-

LIQUID: Grease, Oil, Fuel;

SOLID: Wood, Paper, Rubber,Metal, Plastic;

GAS: Natural Gas, Propane, Acetylene.

CLASS “A” FIRES - Ordinary combustibles such as wood, paper, cloth.

CLASS “B” FIRES - Flammable liquids such as oil, grease

CLASS “C” FIRES - FLAMABLE GASES

CLASS “D” FIRES - Flammable Metals

Any fire involving an electrical equipment is in fact be a fire of class A, B or C. The normal procedure in such fires is to cut off the electricity and use an extinguishing method appropriate to the burning material. Special extinguishing agents which are non-conductor of electricity and non-damaging to the electrical equipment such as dry chemical powders and carbon di-oxide should be used.

According to latest concepts, the electrical fires do not constitute a particular class.

ELECTRICAL FIRES

Major causes of fire 1.Kitchen fires from unattended cooking, such as frying, boiling

2. Electrical systems that are overloaded, resulting in hot wiring or connections, or failed components

3. Combustible storage areas with insufficient protectionCombustibles near equipment that generates heat, flame, or sparks

4. Candles and other open flames

5.Smoking (Cigarettes, cigars, pipes, lighters, etc.)

6. Careless handling of naked fire

7.Equipment that generates heat and utilizes combustible materials

8. Flammable liquids

9.Flammable solvents (and rags soaked with solvent) placed in enclosed trash cans

10.Fireplace chimneys not properly or regularly cleanedCooking appliances - stoves, ovens

11.Heating appliances - fireplaces, wood burning stoves, furnaces, boilers, portable heaters

12.Electrical wiring in poor condition

13.Leaking Batteries

14.Household appliances - clothes dryers, irons, hair dryers, refrigerators, freezers

15.Careless handling of paint and thinner when carrying out decoration work

16.Personal ignition sources - like lighter, electronic and electrical Equipment

17.Exterior cooking equipment – barbecue

The best way to fight fire is to prevent it or to extinguish it in its preliminary stage.

Fire Alarm Principle• A LIFE SAFETY principle that provides Early

Warning to building occupants when the fire is in its early stage.

FIRE ALARM SYSTEM Fire Detection Devices: (Input / Initiation Devices)

Devices which detect fire/smoke. eg. Heat detectors, smoke detectors, flame detectors,

manual call points.

Fire Alarm Devices: (Output / Notification Devices)Devices which alert people of the fire condition. eg. Sounders, voice alams.

Fire Circuit Devices: (Line Units)Devices with electrical functions related directly to the

detection / alarm circuit. eg. Input output line units

DETECTION CATEGORIES Heat detection

Fixed temperature Rate of rise Linear heat detection

Smoke detection Aspiration detectors Ionization Video smoke detection Optical-light scatter

Other types of detection Flame Gas or CO detection Multi sensor fire detectors i.e. combination of optical,

heat and CO sensor

HEAT DETECTION Temperature measurement principle

May be FIXED temperature type – 57°C May be RATE OF RISE type – 10°C per minute Combination of heat detectors (ROR + FIXED) Used in high steam and dusty environment – Garages ,

Kitchens

SMOKE DETECTION-IONIZATION PRINCIPLE

Small amount of radioactive material ionizes chamber (Americium 241)

Current flows in chamber due to ionized air particles Smoke decreases conductivity, causing ALARM

SMOKE DETECTION- Photo-Electric/Optical Principle

Works with light scattering principle Contains light transmitter and photosensitive receiver During normal operation- light does not fall on receiver Smoke ingress causes light reflection onto receiver,

causing ALARM

WORKING OF SMOKE DETECTOR

SMOKE DETECTION- BEAM SENSOR Requires transmitter and receiver Whenever beam is obstructed by smoke, causes

ALARM Avoid direct sunlight on receiver Useful in Logistics, Warehouses, Library

SMOKE DETECTION- HIGH SENSITIVITY ASPIRATING SMOKE DETECTOR Pipes with aspirating holes Each hole is considered as point detector (equivalent to single

smoke detector) Used in very clean environments (computer labs, conference hall) Can be up to 100 times more sensitive than a standard smoke

detector

AIR ASPIRATING SYSTEMS

OTHER TYPE OF DETECTORS IR (infra-red)/ UV(ultra-violet) flame sensors CO gas detectors (odorless detector) Duct smoke detectors Video detection

CONTROL PANEL

Receives signals from initiation devices (contacts, smoke detectors, etc.)

Activates appropriate notification devices (horns/bells, strobes, etc.)

Monitors system wiring and power (AC /DC) Process programmed instructions (shutdown A/C ,

recall elevators, etc.)

FIRE EXTINGUISHERSEXTINGUISHER RATING SYSTEM

FIRE EXTINGUISHERS

SIZES:

Minimum size is 2A:10BC. The number indicates the number of square feet & the letter indicates the type of fire.

OTHER FEATURES OF FIRE PROTECTION

These type of arrengements are provided in each Shopping malls

SPRINKLERS

WORKING OF SPRINKLER

FIRE SUPPRESSION SYSTEM

FIRE CONTROL ARRANGEMENT AT ETERNITY MALL, NAGPUR

{ PLACED IN A CORNER SIDE OF THE STAIRCASE.}

FIRE CONTROL ARRANGEMENT AT EMPRESS MALL, NAGPUR

{ OUTSIDE BUILDING NEAR PARKING AREA.}

FIRE EVACUATION PLANWHAT TO DO IN CASE OF FIRE

FOLLOW YOUR AGENCY’S FIRE EVACUATION PLAN

EVACUATION PLAN CONTD…

They are conducted at least once each year, but some agencies may require them more frequently.

FIRE DRILLS…A fire drill is a method of practicing the evacuation of a building for a fire or other emergency. Usually, the emergency system sounds and the building is evacuated as though a real fire had occurred.

MAINTENANCE Test each detector’s sensitivity periodically

If the detector’s sensitivity is outside specifications, clean the detector and retest

To maintain the integrity of any fire alarm system, it is

important to have a qualified person periodically test the system

Blockage in the pipes of sprinklers are tested regularly

37

IF NBC and PROPER

SAFETY MEASURE IS

NOT FOLLOWED

CONSEQUENCESCAN BE :-

33

34

35

36

37

THE END!THANK YOU FOR ATTENDING!