fire triangle
DESCRIPTION
presentation of fire triangle for educational purposesTRANSCRIPT
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Types of Fire/FuelOxidizers
Fire Extinguishers
Fire Triangle/ Tetrahedron
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Fire Trianglealso called combustion triangle
model for understanding the necessary ingredients for fire
evolved into fire tetrahedron
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Elements of the Fire Triangle
Activation Energy (Heat) – to raise the material to its ignition temperature
Fuel – combustible solid , liquid or gas
Oxidizer – to sustain combustion
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Fire Tetrahedronwith an additional component, chemical
chain reaction
includes the chemical chain reaction process, redox (reduction-oxidation)
same concept applies in putting out fire as that of with the fire triangle
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Means of Extinguishing FireHeat Removal“cooling the fire”
water is used often which requires heat for phase change from water to steam
scraping ember from a burning structure also removes heat
turning off the electricity removes the ignition source
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Means of Extinguishing FireFuel Separation“starving the fire”
can be done naturally or mechanically
performed during wildfire suppression
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Means of Extinguishing FireOxidizer Removal“suffocating/smothering the fire”
water-based foams, dust and sand, or dry chemicals can be used (ex. NaHCO3, KHCO3, (NH4)H2PO4)
carbon dioxide fire extinguishers can also be used
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Means of Extinguishing FireChemical Chain Reaction Inhibition“interference”
process of applying extinguishing agents
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Classifications of FuelsClass A – Solids: paper, wood, plastic, etc.
Class B – Flammable Liquids: paraffin, petrol, oil, etc.
Class C – Flammable Gases: propane, butane, methane, etc.
Class D – Metals: aluminum, magnesium, titanium, etc.
Class E – Electrical Apparatus
Class F – Cooking Oil and Fat
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Types of OxidizersOxygen (O2)
Air (21% O2 + 79% N2)
Air enriched with Oxygen (O2 greater than 21%)
Nitrogen Oxides (N2O)
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Types of Fire ExtinguishersWater (RED)– for Class A, not suitable for
Class B
Foam (CREAM)– for Class A and B
Dry Powder (BLUE)– for Class A, B, C, and D
Carbon Dioxide (BLACK)– for Class B and E
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Types of Fire ExtinguishersWet Chemical – for Class F
Metal Fires – for Class D
Halon (GREEN) – illegal; stops fire by reacting to the elements in the fire
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Rules in Fighting FiresNever fight fire if:
the type of fuel /fire is unknown;
the fire is spreading rapidly beyond the spot it started
your instincts tell you not to
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Using a Fire Extinguisher (PASS)Pull the pin.
Aim at the base of the fire.
Squeeze the top handle or lever.
Sweep from side to side until the fire is completely out.