Firefighting

1. Fire arises due to the presence of a necessary fuel and oxygen supply.2. As a primary measure sprinklers have been installed in all the buildings.3. Sprinkler to sprinkler distance is 3m.4. There are three types of sprinklers.

a. Pendant typeb. Upright typec. Wall type

Algorithm MS Pipes of suitable diameter are attached to the ceiling. Pipe connectivity is as follows. There is a glass attached to the end of the sprinkler. The limiting temperature being 68deg Celsius. After bursting a sprinkler covers a circular area of 1.5m diameter. Once burst the glass cover in sprinklers needs to be replaced.

Functions of different types of Sprinklers

-Pendent type: Used to fight the fire inside room.

-Upright Sprinkler: These are provided inside the false ceiling to fight the fire produced due to short circuiting of electrical circuit.

-Wall Sprinkler: These are generally provided on the walls and are provided to fight fire on ramp.

Source of Water for fire fighting

Basically there are two common sources, they are:

1. Overhead Tank2. Underground Tank

Generally the capacity of O/H tank is 10,000 to 15,000 liters (if the tank of high capacity is made, the load on the superstructure increases)

And the source for the underground tank is the water which pumped out from ground water storage.

During the outbreak of a fire the electrical circuits of motor may burn which would stop the motor consequently stopping the water supply, in such a case the o/h tank is used.

Other than sprinklers smoke detector, hydrants and fire extinguishers would be set at appropriate places.