first aid

CHAPTER 5–FIRST AIDSCHAPTER 5–FIRST AIDS

DEFINITIONDEFINITION

First Aid is the first assistance or treatment given for a sick or injured person (called casualty) before the arrival of an ambulance or qualified expert.

PURPOSE OF FIRST AIDPURPOSE OF FIRST AIDPURPOSE OF FIRST AIDPURPOSE OF FIRST AID

1. TO SAVE LIFE1. TO SAVE LIFE

Help to stop bleedingTreat injuries in right orderMaintain airway in correct positionPerform CPR (when needed- no

breathing or pulse)

Help to stop bleedingTreat injuries in right orderMaintain airway in correct positionPerform CPR (when needed- no

breathing or pulse)

2. PREVENT FUTHER INJURY2. PREVENT FUTHER INJURY

Dress wound to prevent infection Provide comfort to casualty Place casualty in the comfortable

condition.

Dress wound to prevent infection Provide comfort to casualty Place casualty in the comfortable

condition.

3. PROMOTE RECOVERY3. PROMOTE RECOVERY

Relieve casualty from anxietyAttempt to relief pain and

discomfortHandle casualty gentlyProtect casualty from cold and wetEncourage confident and trust

Relieve casualty from anxietyAttempt to relief pain and

discomfortHandle casualty gentlyProtect casualty from cold and wetEncourage confident and trust

PRINCIPLES OF FIRST AID

1. IDENTIFICATION1. IDENTIFICATION

a. Brief examination of casualty - to perform check before concluding by observe sign and symptom

b. Signs: Details of a casualty’s condition you may assess using your senses.Look, listen, smell, feel

c. Symptoms: A sensation that the casualty experiences E.G is there pain? What type of pain? Nausea dizziness, coldness

a. Brief examination of casualty - to perform check before concluding by observe sign and symptom

b. Signs: Details of a casualty’s condition you may assess using your senses.Look, listen, smell, feel

c. Symptoms: A sensation that the casualty experiences E.G is there pain? What type of pain? Nausea dizziness, coldness

2. ASSESSMENT2. ASSESSMENT

Ask details of the injury or illness, any care that may have already been given, and pre-existing conditions such as diabetes or heart trouble.

One method for evaluating a victim’s condition is known by the acronym ABC

Ask details of the injury or illness, any care that may have already been given, and pre-existing conditions such as diabetes or heart trouble.

One method for evaluating a victim’s condition is known by the acronym ABC

ABCABC A = Airway - Ensure airway to lungs is open

B = Breathing – check of sign of breathing. How? – Look, listen and feel for breathing

C = Circulation – is there any pulse/ Is the person bleeding externally?How? Check skin color and temperature for additional indications of circulation problems.

A = Airway - Ensure airway to lungs is open

B = Breathing – check of sign of breathing. How? – Look, listen and feel for breathing

C = Circulation – is there any pulse/ Is the person bleeding externally?How? Check skin color and temperature for additional indications of circulation problems.

3. CONTROL3. CONTROL

Steps to control or prevent : How to Stop Bleeding Control of bleeding is one of the most

important things you can do to save a trauma victim. Use direct pressure on a wound before trying any other method of managing bleeding.

Steps to control or prevent : How to Stop Bleeding Control of bleeding is one of the most

important things you can do to save a trauma victim. Use direct pressure on a wound before trying any other method of managing bleeding.


How to Treat Shock Shock, a loss of blood flow to the body,

frequently follows physical and occasionally psychological trauma.

A person - in shock will frequently have cool, clammy skin, be agitated or have an altered mental status, and have pale color to the skin around the face and lips.

Untreated, shock can be fatal. Anyone who has suffered a severe injury or life-threatening situation is at risk for shock.

How to Treat Shock Shock, a loss of blood flow to the body,

frequently follows physical and occasionally psychological trauma.

A person - in shock will frequently have cool, clammy skin, be agitated or have an altered mental status, and have pale color to the skin around the face and lips.

Untreated, shock can be fatal. Anyone who has suffered a severe injury or life-threatening situation is at risk for shock.


How to Treats Burns

Treat first and second degree burns by immersing or fleshing with cool water (no ice).

Don’t use creams, butter or other ointments, and do not pop blisters.

Third degree burns should be covered with a damp cloth. Remove clothing and jewelry from the burn, but do not try to remove charred clothing that is stuck to burns.

How to Treats Burns

Treat first and second degree burns by immersing or fleshing with cool water (no ice).

Don’t use creams, butter or other ointments, and do not pop blisters.

Third degree burns should be covered with a damp cloth. Remove clothing and jewelry from the burn, but do not try to remove charred clothing that is stuck to burns.


Treat a Concussion

If the victim has suffered a blow to the head, look for signs of concussion. Common symptoms are: loss of consciousness following the injury, disorientation or memory impairment, nausea, and lethargy.

Treat a Concussion

If the victim has suffered a blow to the head, look for signs of concussion. Common symptoms are: loss of consciousness following the injury, disorientation or memory impairment, nausea, and lethargy.


How to Treat a Spinal Injury Victim

If you suspect a spinal injury, it is especially critical that you not move the victim’s head, neck or back (Unless they are in immediate danger). You also need to take special care when performing rescue breathing or CPR.

How to Treat a Spinal Injury Victim

If you suspect a spinal injury, it is especially critical that you not move the victim’s head, neck or back (Unless they are in immediate danger). You also need to take special care when performing rescue breathing or CPR.

FIRST AID IN A WORKPLACEFIRST AID IN A WORKPLACE

The following factors should be considered: • Type of industry•Number of workers•Number of work shifts• Physical layout of workplace• Location of workplace and status of infra-structure in relation to the nearest medical clinic or hospital.

The following factors should be considered: • Type of industry•Number of workers•Number of work shifts• Physical layout of workplace• Location of workplace and status of infra-structure in relation to the nearest medical clinic or hospital.

FIRST AID BOXFIRST AID BOX

Should be available in the office and kept fully stocked.

Someone should be appointed to look after it.Made of sturdy material and be portable Clearly marked with a green crescent on a white

background.Clearly identifiable, well illuminated and

accessible location.Contain a sufficient quantity of suitable first-aid

materials.

Should be available in the office and kept fully stocked.

Someone should be appointed to look after it.Made of sturdy material and be portable Clearly marked with a green crescent on a white

background.Clearly identifiable, well illuminated and

accessible location.Contain a sufficient quantity of suitable first-aid

materials.

FIRST AID ROOMFIRST AID ROOM

DESIGN

Provided where there are more than 150 employees.Large enough to hold a couch and still have space for

people to move about.Lighting in the room.Material which does not collect dust and is easily

cleaned.Floors should be of non-slip material.Privacy must be ensured.Temperature and humidity at a comfortable level.Clearly identified as a first-aid room by means of a

sign.

DESIGN

Provided where there are more than 150 employees.Large enough to hold a couch and still have space for

people to move about.Lighting in the room.Material which does not collect dust and is easily

cleaned.Floors should be of non-slip material.Privacy must be ensured.Temperature and humidity at a comfortable level.Clearly identified as a first-aid room by means of a

sign.

FIRST AID ROOMFIRST AID ROOM

LOCATION

Proximity to toiletsProximity to lifts and main passageways

which are wide enough to allow a stretcher, wheelchair or carrying chair through

Accessibility to work areasAccessibility to car park, so as to facilitate

transfer of injured persons to an Ambulance

LOCATION

Proximity to toiletsProximity to lifts and main passageways

which are wide enough to allow a stretcher, wheelchair or carrying chair through

Accessibility to work areasAccessibility to car park, so as to facilitate

transfer of injured persons to an Ambulance

BASIC AID TRAINING (level 1)BASIC AID TRAINING (level 1)

Who should attend the training:

Safety Managers and PersonnelSecurity Managers and PersonnelHuman Resource Managers and PersonnelSafety and Health Committee MembersEmergency Response Team MembersAll levels of employees and interested

individuals


Safety Managers and PersonnelSecurity Managers and PersonnelHuman Resource Managers and PersonnelSafety and Health Committee MembersEmergency Response Team MembersAll levels of employees and interested

individuals


Example of basic first aids training contents:

Providing first aid to victims of injury or sudden illness at anywhere, anytime and anyplace.

Disseminate knowledge on International Humanitarian Law to the community.

How to create safety awareness at home, workplace

Healthy lifestyle and habits to prevent hazard and injury

Example of basic first aids training contents:

Providing first aid to victims of injury or sudden illness at anywhere, anytime and anyplace.

Disseminate knowledge on International Humanitarian Law to the community.

How to create safety awareness at home, workplace

Healthy lifestyle and habits to prevent hazard and injury


To provide information and expose employees to hazards at the workplace, ways to identify and overcome hazards, and

To enable workers to understand their responsibilities under the Occupational Safety & Health Act (OSHA) 1994.

To provide information and expose employees to hazards at the workplace, ways to identify and overcome hazards, and

To enable workers to understand their responsibilities under the Occupational Safety & Health Act (OSHA) 1994.


Who should attend the training :All employee especially who are exposed to

hazardFirst Aider

Training contents:Principles of first aidWound, Bleeding and ShockBurn and ScaldFractures and dislocatedCPR

Who should attend the training :All employee especially who are exposed to

hazardFirst Aider

Training contents:Principles of first aidWound, Bleeding and ShockBurn and ScaldFractures and dislocatedCPR


The important of occupational first aid training:

To increase awareness of possible accidents,

Identify accidents with casualties and Optimize health and performance at the

workplace.

The important of occupational first aid training:

To increase awareness of possible accidents,

Identify accidents with casualties and Optimize health and performance at the

workplace.


Example of workplace training contents :

Prevention of infection when giving first aid

Medications Pain management Trauma managementBasic anatomy (body systems)Clinical assessment, Etc

Example of workplace training contents :

Prevention of infection when giving first aid

Medications Pain management Trauma managementBasic anatomy (body systems)Clinical assessment, Etc



Particularly suitable for the first aider in larger organizations who are employed as the occupational first aider, or

In charge of a first aid room.


Particularly suitable for the first aider in larger organizations who are employed as the occupational first aider, or

In charge of a first aid room.

first aid

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