FIRST AIDFIRST AIDPresented By:Presented By:

A. K. MishraA. K. Mishra

JNV, KoraputJNV, KoraputPGT-GeographyPGT-Geography

WATCH OUT THE VEDIOWATCH OUT THE VEDIO

Essential Question?????Essential Question?????What can be done between an accident

and arrival of doctor? What can be done between an accident and arrival of doctor?

Post your answer in the message board in introduction page.Post your answer in the message board in introduction page.

DEFINITION- FIRST AIDDEFINITION- FIRST AIDMeasures to be taken immediately after an accident not with an idea to cure but in order to prevent further harm being done.

-Encyclopedia Britannica

Measures to be taken immediately after an accident not with an idea to cure but in order to prevent further harm being done.

-Encyclopedia Britannica

OBJECTIVESOBJECTIVES• To preserve life.• To prevent the victim’s condition from

worsening.• To promote recovery.

• To preserve life.• To prevent the victim’s condition from

worsening.• To promote recovery.

GOALS OF FIRST AIDGOALS OF FIRST AID• Restore and maintain vital function like

Air passage, Breathing and Circulation• To prevent further injury• To reassure the victim and make him or

her comfortable.

• Restore and maintain vital function like Air passage, Breathing and Circulation

• To prevent further injury• To reassure the victim and make him or

her comfortable.

Golden Rule of First Aid:

BE CALM- DO NOT PANIC

DANGER

RESPONSE

AIRPASSAGE

BREATHING

ASSESSING THE VICTIMASSESSING THE VICTIM

CIRCULATION

Rec

over

y

posi

tion

Rec

over

y

posi

tion

ASSIGNMENTSASSIGNMENTS

• What are the objectives of a First aider?• What is the golden rule of First aid?• How to check circulation?• Why to check danger before providing

first aid to a patient?• Name the steps to be followed for

assessing the victim for first aid.

• What are the objectives of a First aider?• What is the golden rule of First aid?• How to check circulation?• Why to check danger before providing

first aid to a patient?• Name the steps to be followed for

assessing the victim for first aid.

Post your Answer in the group activity page of First Aid project in www.thinkquest.com……..

Post your Answer in the group activity page of First Aid project in www.thinkquest.com……..

RESEARCHRESEARCHSearch through the following books in the library and web links to find out important information about First

Aid……..

Search through the following books in the library and web links to find out important information about First

Aid……..

• Prathmic Chikitsa in Oriya• Common First Aid in English

• Prathmic Chikitsa in Oriya• Common First Aid in English

BOOKSBOOKS

WEB LINKSWEB LINKS

www.resus.org.au

http://www.parasolemt.com.au

http://www.workcover.com

www.allergy.org.au www.nationalasthma.

org.au

SURVEYSURVEYIt’s a group activity. The moot point here are……..It’s a group activity. The moot point here are……..

Whom to survey?Whom to survey?Objectives of Survey.Objectives of Survey.

Procedure to be Adopted? Procedure to be Adopted? Procedure to be Adopted? Procedure to be Adopted?

Whether to prepare Questionnaire?

Whether to prepare Questionnaire? Points to be included in

Questionnaire? Points to be included in

Questionnaire?

INTERVIEWINGThe following question needs to be answered

before proceeding for interview?The following question needs to be answered

before proceeding for interview?

Whether go for pre-structured questionnaire or Participatory appraisal?

Whom to survey?Whether it should be a sample survey

or a whole survey?Division of work among groups.

Whether go for pre-structured questionnaire or Participatory appraisal?

Whom to survey?Whether it should be a sample survey

or a whole survey?Division of work among groups.

DIVISION OF WORK

GROUP – A

The members of This group will Conduct survey

Of the classVI and VII

GROUP – B

The members of This group will Conduct survey

Of the classVIII and IX

GROUP - C

The members of This group will Conduct survey

Of the classX and XI (Hum)

GROUP – D

The members of This group will Conduct survey

Of the classXI (Sc) and XII

QUESTIONNAIRE

Ailment faced?Age of the victim?

Danger points?Who helped?proper first procedure followed?

Ailment faced?Age of the victim?

Danger points?Who helped?proper first procedure followed?

Lets prepare questionnaire keeping the objectives in mind. Find out the points on which the survey to be conducted..

Lets prepare questionnaire keeping the objectives in mind. Find out the points on which the survey to be conducted..

QUESTIONNAIREQUESTIONNAIRE FOR SURVEY ON FIRST AID

This survey is conducted for educational purpose by class I X students in J awahar Navodaya Vidyalaya, Koraput, Orissa.

1. Name of the Respondent : ___________________________________ 2. Class : ______________ Age__________________ 3. Do you faced any situation in the school that requires First Aid

Yes/ No 4. How many times you have faced those problem per year (average)

_________________________________________________________ 5. Which are the common ailments that you have faced that required first

aid?

Common Ailment Tick Common Ailment Tick Fainting External Bleeding Fracture Internal Bleeding Shock Burn Electric Shock Snake/ animal/insect

bite

Asthma Drowning Epilepsy Heart Problem Poisoning Sun Stroke Disturb Behaviour Any Other(specify)

6. Where did you face this problem? Place Tick Place Tick

Dormitory School Building Play ground Mess On the way Any Other( specify)

7. Who provided you the first aid: a. Teacher b. Classmates c. Elders d. Younger e. Others

8. Do you feel the first procedure adopted by them in treating them is correct? Yes/ NO

9. Can you identify any specific place in the school which is prone to accident?

Any specific comment of the interviewer__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

BLEEDING

External Internal

IncisionLacerationP

un

ctu

reAbra

sion

Amputation

EXTERNAL BLEEDING

ARTERY VEIN CAPILLARYHEART

Blood move around body

under pressure from heart.

Damage to itBright red colour

blood spurt with each heart beat

Damage to itdarker red colour

blood tendto flow

Damage to itbright red colour

blood andOozes.

Wash the wound with clean water. Apply pressure over it to check bleeding. Apply bandage. Monitor consciousness, pulse and breathing. Apply roller bandage in penetrating object

without removing it.

Wash the wound with clean water. Apply pressure over it to check bleeding. Apply bandage. Monitor consciousness, pulse and breathing. Apply roller bandage in penetrating object

without removing it.

INTERNAL BLEEDING

Visible ConcealBleeding from anus, ears, lungs,

stomach, intestines, under the skin, urinary

tract etc.

Pale face, thirst, rapid & weak pulse, pain or discomfort, nausea or

vomiting, shock

Treatment:If conscious, lie the casualty

down with legs elevated.If unconscious, recovery

position and elevate the legs

Treatment:If conscious, lie the casualty

down with legs elevated.If unconscious, recovery

position and elevate the legs

NOSE BLEEDINGNOSE BLEEDING

Treatment

Pinch the fleshy part of the nose.

Lean casualty slightly forward.

Apply cool, compress to nose.

AMPUTATIONAMPUTATION•Treat as for Bleeding from wound.

•Collect the amputated part, keep it dry, DO NOT wash or clean

•Placed it in iced water, DO NOT allow amputated part to come in direct contact with ice.

SHOCKSHOCKIt is a severe life threatening condition should be treated with top

priority.

Causes:

Abdominal emEmergencies

Loss of BodyFluid

Heart Attack

Sepsis or Toxicity

Loss of Blood

Assessment of the Patient

Observation Healthy Shocked

Skin Condition Pink, warm,dry Pale, cold, wet

Conscious StateAlert and aware of time and

placeAltered, confused,

aggressive

PulseAdultChildInfant

Per Minute60 – 10090 – 130

120 – 160

Rapid – above upper limits

RespirationAdultChildInfant

Per Minute12 – 2016 – 2520 – 30

Rapid – above upper limits

SIGN &

SYMPTOMS

Pale, cool, clammy skin & thirst Rapin, shallow breathing & rapid, weak pulse Nausea and Vomiting Loss of body fluids or high temp if sepsis Progressive ‘shutdown of body’s vital function

Pale, cool, clammy skin & thirst Rapin, shallow breathing & rapid, weak pulse Nausea and Vomiting Loss of body fluids or high temp if sepsis Progressive ‘shutdown of body’s vital function

Treatment of the Patient

CONTROL ANYBLEEDING

IF CONSCIOUS:LIE THE

CASUALTY WITH ELEVATED LEGSIF

UNCONSCIOUS:RECOVERY

POSITION WITH ELEVATED LEGS

MAINTAIN BODY

TEMPERATURETREAT ANY INJURY

BURN & SCALDS

Burn are injuries that damage and kill skin cells.

Scalds are caused by contact with wet heat such boiling fluid, stream etc.

Burn are injuries that damage and kill skin cells.

Scalds are caused by contact with wet heat such boiling fluid, stream etc.

TYPES OF BURN

Superficial Full ThicknessPartial Thickness

CARE & TREATMENT

DOS Cool the burn only with clean

water. Cover with a clean, non-stick

sterile dressing Remove tight clothing and

objects. e.g. ring, necklace etc. Treat for shock if the burn is

severe. Avoid contamination in any form Seek medical aid if the burn size

if larges then your palm, child or chemical burn etc.

DOS Cool the burn only with clean

water. Cover with a clean, non-stick

sterile dressing Remove tight clothing and

objects. e.g. ring, necklace etc. Treat for shock if the burn is

severe. Avoid contamination in any form Seek medical aid if the burn size

if larges then your palm, child or chemical burn etc.

DON’TS Break Blisters. Attempt to remove

bitumen form the skin or eyes.

Use lotions or cream. Have excessive cooling

resulting in shivering

DON’TS Break Blisters. Attempt to remove

bitumen form the skin or eyes.

Use lotions or cream. Have excessive cooling

resulting in shivering

FRACTURE

There are 206 bones in the human body.

The skeleton hold our skin up. Bones acts as factories for essential

blood cells through bone marrow. It is the integral part of body

strength. Some bones have protective

function (skull) , some have supportive function (Pelvis), other associated with muscles, nerves and blood vessels.

There are 206 bones in the human body.

The skeleton hold our skin up. Bones acts as factories for essential

blood cells through bone marrow. It is the integral part of body

strength. Some bones have protective

function (skull) , some have supportive function (Pelvis), other associated with muscles, nerves and blood vessels.

Causes of Fracture:

Indirect

Spontaneous

Green Stick

Direct

TYPES OF FRACTURE

OPEN CLOSED COMPLICATED

SIGNS AND SYMPTOMSSIGNS AND SYMPTOMS

• Pale , cool, clammy skin• Rapid, weak pulse• Pain at the site• Tenderness• Loss of Power to limb

• Pale , cool, clammy skin• Rapid, weak pulse• Pain at the site• Tenderness• Loss of Power to limb

• Associated wound• Associated Organ

Damage• Nausea• Deformity.

• Associated wound• Associated Organ

Damage• Nausea• Deformity.

Care & Treatment

Immobilize the affected limbs.Adequate splinting the injuryCheck circulation after splint or slingAbsent of pulse, pale appearance, lack of warmth, swelling are sign of tight bandaging.

Immobilize the affected limbs.Adequate splinting the injuryCheck circulation after splint or slingAbsent of pulse, pale appearance, lack of warmth, swelling are sign of tight bandaging.

FRACTURE ARM/ COLLAR BONE

Check for pulse in the hand Treat any wound Pad bony prominences Secure splint above and below

fracture. Reassess pulse Apply appropriate sling Reassess pulse Adjust bandage or sling if

required

Check for pulse in the hand Treat any wound Pad bony prominences Secure splint above and below

fracture. Reassess pulse Apply appropriate sling Reassess pulse Adjust bandage or sling if

required

FRACTURE OF LEGS

Check for pulse in the leg.Treat any wound. Immobilise the limb.Pad bony prominences.Reassess circulation below

injuryAdjust bandages if required.

Check for pulse in the leg.Treat any wound. Immobilise the limb.Pad bony prominences.Reassess circulation below

injuryAdjust bandages if required.

FRACTURE PELVIS

Call 102 for ambulance. Check for pulses in both legs. Bend legs at knee Support both hips with folded

blankets Discourage attempts to urinate. Adjust bandages if required. Care must be exercised as it my

leads to serious complication.

Call 102 for ambulance. Check for pulses in both legs. Bend legs at knee Support both hips with folded

blankets Discourage attempts to urinate. Adjust bandages if required. Care must be exercised as it my

leads to serious complication.

FRACTURE JAW

It is a common injury in sports Pain in the jaw, unable to speak

properly, trouble in swallowing are some of the sign and symptom.

Call 102 for ambulance Sit the casualty leaning slightly

forward Rest the injured jaw on a pad held

by the casualty. Observe breathing carefully.

It is a common injury in sports Pain in the jaw, unable to speak

properly, trouble in swallowing are some of the sign and symptom.

Call 102 for ambulance Sit the casualty leaning slightly

forward Rest the injured jaw on a pad held

by the casualty. Observe breathing carefully.

DISLOCATION

Sign & Symptoms Sudden pain in the affected joint Loss of power and movement Deformity and swelling of the

joint Tenderness Temporary paralysis of the

injured limb.

Sign & Symptoms Sudden pain in the affected joint Loss of power and movement Deformity and swelling of the

joint Tenderness Temporary paralysis of the

injured limb.

Care & Treatment Support the limb in

comfortable position. Seek medical aid. Any attempt to reduce a

dislocation is to be made by doctor only.

Care & Treatment Support the limb in

comfortable position. Seek medical aid. Any attempt to reduce a

dislocation is to be made by doctor only.

It involves the displacement of bone from a joint.

It involves the displacement of bone from a joint.

SPRAIN It involves the

over-extension of a joint, usually with a partial rapture of ligament.

Sudden pain, loss of power, bruising, swelling, tender etc are signs & symptoms.

Treat the patient with RICE

Seek medical aid.

SPRAIN It involves the

over-extension of a joint, usually with a partial rapture of ligament.

Sudden pain, loss of power, bruising, swelling, tender etc are signs & symptoms.

Treat the patient with RICE

Seek medical aid.

STRAIN It involves over-

stretching of the major muscles or tendons.

Pain increasing on movement, audible crack sound, discernible gap between muscle & bone, tenderness, swelling etc

RiCE, Avoid stretching for 24 hr

STRAIN It involves over-

stretching of the major muscles or tendons.

Pain increasing on movement, audible crack sound, discernible gap between muscle & bone, tenderness, swelling etc

RiCE, Avoid stretching for 24 hr

BRUSING It is bleeding by

damaged blood vessels below the skin.

History of a blow, pain, tenderness, swelling, discolouring,

RICE, After four hours, gentle exercise.

RICE: Rest, Ice, Compression and Elevate the injured part.

BRUSING It is bleeding by

damaged blood vessels below the skin.

History of a blow, pain, tenderness, swelling, discolouring,

RICE, After four hours, gentle exercise.

RICE: Rest, Ice, Compression and Elevate the injured part.

SPINAL INJURY

The spinal column consists of a series of interconnected bones, called vertebrae, which

enclose the spinal cord, an integral part of central nervous system.

The spinal column consists of a series of interconnected bones, called vertebrae, which

enclose the spinal cord, an integral part of central nervous system.

Parts of Spinal Column:

Thoracic Spine (Chest), 12 vertebrae

Lumber Spine (back), 5 Vertebrae

Fused Vertebra of the sacrum

Cervical Spine (neck), 7 vertebrae

A Small Vertebra called Coccyx

Sign & SymptomsSign & SymptomsAny injury to the spinal cord has serious ramification

like Quadriplegia, paraplegia, chronic back pain etc. Its sign & symptoms are:

History of traumaPulse my be fast or slowPale, cool, clammy skinAbsent of feeling in limbsAbsence of pain in limbs despite of injuryInability to move armsOnset of shock

Any injury to the spinal cord has serious ramification like Quadriplegia, paraplegia, chronic back pain etc. Its sign & symptoms are:

History of traumaPulse my be fast or slowPale, cool, clammy skinAbsent of feeling in limbsAbsence of pain in limbs despite of injuryInability to move armsOnset of shock

Care & TreatmentCare & Treatment

Clear air passage with out moving head.

Call 102 for ambulance.Maintain body temperatureExtreme care during initial

examination.Immobilise the victim with

bandages.

Clear air passage with out moving head.

Call 102 for ambulance.Maintain body temperatureExtreme care during initial

examination.Immobilise the victim with

bandages.

ASSESSMENT TECHNIQUESASSESSMENT TECHNIQUES

• Formative Assessment

• Summative Assessment

• Authentic Assessment.

• Formative Assessment

• Summative Assessment

• Authentic Assessment.

A rubric is a scoring guide that clearly differentiates levels of student performance. It provides a clear description of quality student work and serves as a guide for students as they work to meet or exceed performance standards

A rubric is a scoring guide that clearly differentiates levels of student performance. It provides a clear description of quality student work and serves as a guide for students as they work to meet or exceed performance standards

Critical ThinkingCritical ThinkingEssential Question:

ProvocativeOpen-endedChallengingRelated to Life and

ExperiencesConsistant with curriculum

StandardSignificant

Essential Question:ProvocativeOpen-endedChallengingRelated to Life and

ExperiencesConsistant with curriculum

StandardSignificant

Project Based LearningProject Based Learning

Lunching ProjectMilestonesPlanning ResourcesDirect InstructionAssessmentCapturing ArtifactsCelebrating Completion

Lunching ProjectMilestonesPlanning ResourcesDirect InstructionAssessmentCapturing ArtifactsCelebrating Completion

THANKSTHANKS