first aid readiness

First Aid Readiness

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FROM THE EDITOR

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E ven The Walt Disney Studios’ “Star Wars: The Force Awakens”—the #1 U.S. movie of all time that topped $2 billion in worldwide box office receipts in February 2016—is not above the law. And we should be thankful

for that.On Feb. 11, 2016, a few days after Disney confirmed it short-

ly expected the blockbuster movie to pass the $2 billion thresh-old on its 53rd day of global release, Britain’s Health and Safety Executive announced it had charged Foodles Production (UK) Ltd over an incident that injured actor Harrison Ford during the filming of “The Forces Awakens” on June 12, 2014, at the famed Pinewood Studios. (Ford suffered a broken leg and other injuries when he was hit by a heavy hydraulic metal door on the set.) Foodles Production, based in London, is scheduled to make a court appearance May 12 to face four charges.

A spokesman for HSE said, “HSE has today informed Foo-dles Production (UK) Ltd that it will be prosecuted over four alleged breaches of health and safety law. . . . By law, employers must take reasonable steps to protect workers—this is as true on a film set as a factory floor. We have investigated thorough-ly and believe that we have sufficient evidence to bring the case to court.” The four charges are for alleged violations of:

■ Section 2 of the Health and Safety at Work etc. Act 1974, which states: “It shall be the duty of every employer to ensure, so far as is reasonably practicable, the health, safety and welfare at work of all his employees.”

■ Section 3(1) of the Health and Safety at Work etc. Act 1974, which states: “It shall be the duty of every employer to conduct his undertaking in such a way as to ensure, so far as is reasonably practicable, that persons not in his employment who may be affected thereby are not thereby exposed to risks to their health or safety.”

■ Regulation 3(1) of the Management of Health and Safety at Work Regulations 1999.■ Regulation 11(1) of the Provision and Use of Work Equipment Regulations 1998,

which states: “Every employer shall ensure that measures are taken in accordance with para-graph (2) which are effective (a) to prevent access to any dangerous part of machinery or to any rotating stock-bar; or (b) to stop the movement of any dangerous part of machinery or rotating stock-bar before any part of a person enters a danger zone.”

It’s good to keep in mind that prevention and best practices are necessary for any work-place, even a big movie set.

JERRY [email protected]

Safety Precautions Always— Even When the Cameras Roll

A spokesman for HSE said, “By law, employers must take reasonable steps to protect workers—this is as true on a film set as a factory floor.”

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TABLE OF CONTENTSAPRIL 2016 | Volume 85, Number 4 | www.ohsonline.com


featuresFALL PROTECTION

11 Workers Not Always Using Their Fall Protection Equipment?Here’s how companies can improve workers’ safety harness compliance. by Tim Thompson

WELDING SAFETY

14 Keep An Eye on Welding PPEThe OSHA mandatory standard specifies both eye protection and protective clothing for welders. by Jerry Laws

HAND PROTECTION

18 Curbing Hand Injury RisksTraining, communication, on-the-job coaching, and employ-ees’ involvement are key components to keeping hand safety awareness top of mind. by Shahram Vatanparast

24 This Is Not Your Grandfather’s Glove: Hand Protection in the Age of Performance GlovesSome injuries you can’t forget. by Mary Padron

FIRST AID TRAINING

28 First Aid Readiness: Information, Preparation, Assessment, and ResponseThe responsibility of defining the various components of first aid response and preparedness lies solely on the employer. by Mike Adel

32 How ANSI is Leading the Way to Better First Aid in the WorkplaceRecent changes to ANSI/ISEA Z308.1 are a holistic shift in our nation’s approach to occupational injury preparedness. by Erica Osley

ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION SPECIAL SECTION EP1

EP3 2015 EP New Product of the Year WinnersOur 2015 contest attracted high-quality, innovative entries in every category. by Jerry Laws and Sydny Shepard

EMISSIONS CONTROLS

EP5 How Thermal Oxidation Can Increase the Sustainability of a Chemical PlantFor this manufacturer of organic chemicals operating many

smaller processes, a single centralized thermal oxidizer system was the most cost-effective path to expand produc-tion while meeting new emission controls requirements. by Jon Hommmes

INCENTIVES/EMPLOYEE ENGAGEMENT

35 Safety Communications for Today’s WorkforceIn order for this transition to take place, companies cannot pick and choose which safety procedures to enforce—consistency is key. by Steve Chang

FOOT PROTECTION

38 Comfort, Quality, Durability: Keys to Effective ProtectionNot all occupational footwear that is protective involves formal ASTM ratings and testing procedures. Three of the most important of these are waterproof, insulated, and slip-resistant footwear. by Roger Huard

42 One Pair for LifeUnderfoot comfort needs to be the first consideration when choosing your next pair of safety boots. by Steve Nash

INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE: GAS MONITORING

46 Carbon Dioxide Detection and Indoor Air Quality ControlCarbon dioxide gas detectors can utilize an automated background calibration program to set the clean air level on a regular basis. by Steve Bonino

HAZARDOUS WASTE

50 Production Materials Become Hazardous Waste Practically Overnight—EPA’s Perspective on Abandoned Commercial Chemical ProductsEPA has made checklists available to the regulated commu-nity, including the associated guidance regarding abandoned CCPs. by Paul Simonetta

ENVIRONMENTAL COMPLIANCE

54 Data Center EH&S 101Stakeholders’ concerns range from asbestos and lead-based paint typically found in older and/or legacy data centers to fire-resistant clothing, contractor and construction manage-ment, elevated work such as portable and fixed ladders, and rooftop maintenance. by Walter LeClerc

departments4 From the Editor8 Industry Update58 Practical Excellence by Shawn Galloway59 New Products63 Literature Library63 Classifieds64 Product Spotlights64 Advertiser Index66 Breakthrough Strategies by Robert Pater

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INDUSTRY UPDATE

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On the MoveJamie Kaiser recently was promoted to vice president of Franklin, Tenn.-based FDRsafety, where he is responsible for operations in the Mid-Atlantic Region, which includes Virginia, Maryland, and Wash-ington, D.C., and assists with oversight of FDRsafety’s other regional operations. He is also is a strategic member of FDRsafety’s management team, working with clients on a national basis. Kaiser previously was regional director of safety for Clark Con-struction Group, LLC. . . . Harper Interna-tional (Buffalo, N.Y., www.harperintl.com), a leader in thermal processing solutions for advanced materials, announced it had been awarded a contract to supply a hot cell rotary thermal processing system for treating waste from nuclear medicine pro-duction at the Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation (ANSTO). ANSTO’s Synroc technology, developed to provide a safe method for immobilizing and disposing of radioactive waste, will be used to manage the wastes generated by the production of the radioisotope Molyb-denum-99, which is used for 80 percent of nuclear medicine procedures, including procedures used for diagnosing cancers, heart disease, and other health conditions, according to the company. . . . The Joint Commission recently appointed Dr. Ron-ald M. Wyatt, M.D., MHA, to the newly created position of patient safety officer, stating that this reflects the organization’s commitment to promoting a safe, high-quality health care system with a goal of zero patient harm. He continues to serve as The Joint Commission’s medical director in the Division of Healthcare Improvement, a position he has held since joining the or-ganization in 2012, and is focused in his added role on health care quality and pa-tient safety at both the organizational lev-el—including patients, practitioners, staff, and leadership—and the health care system level. “Patient safety is a core value at The Joint Commission and central to our goal of zero patient harm,” said Dr. Ana Pujols-McKee, M.D., executive vice president and chief medical officer of The Joint Commis-sion. “The creation of this new position and the appointment of a recognized patient

safety expert like Dr. Wyatt exemplifies our commitment and ensures we will continue to make great progress in the areas of qual-ity and patient safety.” Wyatt is a board-certified internist licensed in Alabama who served on the Food and Drug Adminis-tration Drug Safety Oversight Board and as a mentor to the Center for Medicare & Medicaid Innovation Advisors program at the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Ser-vices. . . . National Gift Card Corp. (www.ngc-group.com/) promoted Rick Rubin, its vice president of Strate-gic Partnerships, to the newly created position of executive vice presi-dent, Sales. He joined the executive team and has shifted his focus on retail and technology relation-ships to future planning as he identifies the next major business de-velopments for NGC and works to expand the company’s roster of clients. Prior to joining NGC in 2008, Rubin spent 15 years in the stored value and gift card industry, having previously worked for InComm, a prepaid card distributor. “Frankly, we see Rick Rubin as the catalyst who will help us continue our growth of supporting the gift card solutions for the world’s top loyalty and incentive programs with financial in-stitutions, airlines, hotels, reward agencies, and more,” said NGC President Adam Van Witzenburg. “We believe he will help zero in on new business opportunities for us as an expert with his eye on the next big thing in our industry—mobile applications, in-novative markets, and more.”

Business Moves■ Tingley Rubber Corporation, which provides protective footwear and clothing, has expanded its operations into Canada by opening a sales office in Quebec City that will provide bilingual customer service and marketing support. In addition, a new distribution center in Brampton, Ontario serves as the supply hub for all products. Tingley also announced that Defender Sales Agency Limited, an independent sales force, has been selected to drive sales across Canada. “Geographic expansion is critical to Tingley’s growth strategy, and it’s only natural to have a strong presence in Canada. Our range of products offer un-matched comfort, performance, and pro-

tection, as demonstrated for the past 120 years,” said Mike Zedalis, the president of Tingley. “The opening of our Quebec City office and new warehouse is a critical first step to be the leading provider and innova-tor in the safety apparel and footwear mar-kets in Canada.” Additional high-visibility and safety footwear products will be avail-able in the third quarter of 2016, and a Ca-nadian website is available in English and French at www.tingleyrubber.com.

■ Idesco Safety Co., LLC, a division of Idesco Corp. that is based in Brooklyn, N.Y., announced in February that it has expanded its operations there and that its new website (www.idescosafety.com/) allows customers to buy a broad line of safety products within minutes. The com-pany manufactures and distributes safety tags, lockout/tagout materials, indoor and outdoor signage, and laminating pouches and equipment. “Being a division of Idesco Corp. over the past seven decades has en-abled us to build a strong foundation in the safety industry, and now we look forward to expanding our horizons and branch-ing out as our own entity,” said Idesco Safety President Jack Klebanow. “We are extremely proud of our accomplishments and believe that investing in our business to build the best customer service and pro-duction team will reinforce our position

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ADVISORY BOARD

Leo J. DeBobes, MA (OH&S), CSP, CHCM, CPEA, CSC, EMT

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Scott LawsonThe Scott Lawson Companies

Concord, N.H.

Angelo Pinheiro, CSP, CRSP, CPEASenior HES ProfessionalMarathon Oil Company

Houston, Texas

William H. Weems, DrPH, CIHDirector, Environmental & Industrial Programs

University of Alabama College of Continuing StudiesTuscaloosa, Ala.

Henry Wright, MBA, CFPSSenior Vice President & Director — Risk Solutions

BB&T Insurance Services Inc.Charlotte, N.C.

EMERITUS

Barry R. Weissman, MBAGreen Valley, Ariz.

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INDUSTRY UPDATE

10 www.ohsonline.com

as the lockout/tagout experts.”■ Continued outreach and education

were themes embraced on both sides of the table as the Occupational Safety and Health Administration and its Crane, Hoist and Monorail (CHM) Partners extended their alliance for a further five years on Feb. 2. These crane, hoist, and monorail partners are the overhead lifting product groups of trade association Material Handling Indus-try (MHI), namely Crane Manufacturers Association of America (CMAA), Hoist Manufacturers Institute (HMI) and Mono-rail Manufacturers Association (MMA). “Our alliance with CHM invaluable in

helping to reduce and prevent serious or fatal incidents in the material handling in-dustry,” said Assistant Secretary of Labor Dr. David Michaels.

“The renewal of the alliance is a huge validation of the CMAA’s commitment to provide a safe product,” said Chris Becker, president of CMAA and member com-pany G.W. Becker Inc. “Our members manufacture the safest overhead lifting equipment available to end users, sup-ported by the best possible information and literature, but the OSHA alliance adds significant validity to that message.” The original CHM Alliance was signed in Oc-

tober 2005, with subsequent renewals.

Mergers and Acquisitions■ UL has acquired cr360, an EH&S man-agement and sustainability software com-pany that is based in Cambridge, England, and maintains offices in the United States and New Zealand. UL’s announcement stated that the company acquired cr360 to provide customers with a comprehensive platform and unifying framework for con-sistently tracking, measuring, and manag-ing environment, health and safety, supply chain and corporate social responsibility metrics on a global basis. The new business is named UL EHS Sustainability. “Regulators and investors continue to demand increased transparency and demonstrated corporate compliance from business operations,” said Mark Ward, general manager of UL EHS Sustainability. “UL now has a more compre-hensive EHS and sustainability global plat-form to give customers clarity, visibility, and insights into operational performance and risk, and ultimately, profitability.” The trans-action closed on Jan. 29, 2016.

Awards & Recognition■ The Concrete Sawing & Drilling As-sociation (St. Petersburg, Fla., www.csda.org) recognized the most innovative and challenging projects completed by member contractors in 2015 during this year’s World of Concrete show in Las Vegas. At the third annual Concrete Openings awards cer-emony Feb. 3, the association’s president, Kevin Baron, presented the awards to the winners: A1 Kiwi Cutters & Drillers Ltd. (Auckland, New Zealand, road, bridges & airports category); Cobra Concrete Cutting Services Co. (Arlington Heights, Ill., build-ing construction category); Hard Rock Concrete Cutters, Inc. (Wheeling, Ill., in-dustrial renovation category); and Minne-apolis Concrete Saving & Drilling (Minne-apolis, infrastructure renovation category). “Just as I have seen for the past couple of years, these 2015 entries show the amazing skill and intricate planning that go into concrete cutting, polishing, and imaging jobs,” said Tom Stowell, CSDA past presi-dent from Gainesville, Ga.

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FALL PROTECTION

www.ohsonline.com APRIL 2016 | Occupational Health & Safety 11

D espite alarming statistics that indicate falls from height remain the number one cause of death in the construction industry—ac-counting for more than 36 percent of all

work-related deaths in 2013, according to the Occu-pational Safety and Health Administration—many workers continue to avoid using proper fall protection equipment, including their safety harness, each and every time they work at height.

Year after year, the number one most frequently cited OSHA violation is the lack of proper fall pro-tection, indicating that the compliance challenges employers have experienced in the past will con-tinue to be the challenges they will deal with in the future, unless something radically changes in the industry.

The High Cost of Worker Non-ComplianceWhen workers choose to work at height without wear-ing their harness, even during a task that takes just a few minutes or occurs at a low height, the risks—and costs—can be enormous.

Fall-related injuries and deaths can be devastating on a physical, emotional, and financial level for the worker, the worker’s family, and the company. In addi-tion to the loss of life or injury, a fall can easily cripple or bankrupt a business.

According to the American Society of Safety En-gineers, more than $40 billion in workers’ compensa-tion benefits is paid every year by employers and their insurers—nearly $500 per covered employee. So get-ting workers to wear their safety harness and use their fall protection equipment is crucial.

Traditional Methods Companies Have Used to Increase ComplianceTo reduce the number of injuries and deaths caused by falls from height, fall protection manufacturers, safety consultants, regulatory agencies, and construc-tion companies have dedicated enormous resources to encourage worker compliance, including:

■ developing safer fall protection harnesses■ offering improved fall protection training■ enforcing stricter standards and regulations

Workers Not Always Using Their Fall Protection Equipment?Here’s how companies can improve workers’ safety harness compliance.BY TIM THOMPSON

CAPITAL SAFETY

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FALL PROTECTION


Safer Fall Protection HarnessesOne way to encourage workers to use their personal fall arrest sys-tem when they work at height is to develop safer harnesses.

Harnesses have greatly evolved since the early 20th century. The first at-height protective gear included body belts worn around the waist to protect utility linemen during pole climbing; although bet-ter than no protection, body belts could cause spinal and midsec-tion injury from transmitted fall arrest forces; workers could also slip out of the belt during a fall. By the 1940s, the first full-body har-ness was developed based on military parachute harnesses used by paratroopers; the harness was much safer and more effective than the body belt, but heavy materials such as leather and cotton, as well as bulky construction, made the harnesses uncomfortable for workers to wear.

Safety harnesses have continued to evolve, using designs based on recreational harnesses and receiving input from mechanical en-gineers and industrial designers to improve safety and ergonomics. Depending on the manufacturer, current full body harnesses can include such features as additional back lumbar support, position-ing rings, tool carrying options, and specialty materials and con-struction offering fire resistance or arc flash protection, and can protect workers in even the most precarious work situations.

However, even with the development of much safer full body harnesses, achieving worker compliance remains challenging. Ac-cording to Oregon OSHA’s Fall Protection for the Construction

Industry, “We need protection because even those of us with ex-perience working at heights can lose our balance or grip; we can slip, trip, or misstep at any time. We may think that our reflexes will protect us, but we’re falling before we know it, and we don’t have to fall far to be seriously injured. We’ve been falling since Day One. Until we get better at landing, we’ll need protection from falling.”

Improved Fall Protection TrainingTraining workers on how to correctly use their equipment in-creases the likelihood that they will. Comprehensive fall protec-tion training, fall arrest training, and industrial rescue courses offer companies the right kind of training for their particular trade or unique industry’s work environment. Training is also offered in a variety of formats, including on-site demonstrations and hands-on experiences, video and online training, and specialized train-ing customized for the work site. The more informed and prepared workers can be about the hazards of working at height, how to prop-erly use personal fall arrest systems, and how to avoid falls, the more likely workers are to comply and to safely work at height. However, though training is available at a variety of price points and levels of customization, workers are not always as prepared as they could be.

Better Regulations and StandardsDeveloping standards for and enforcing the use of fall protection equipment—for both employers and workers—is another way to

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improve worker compliance.OSHA first published fall protection

general industry regulations in 1971; fall protection regulations have been and will continue to be a priority for OSHA. As important as legal regulations are to the in-dustry, Thomas E. Kramer, president of the International Society for Fall Protection, says, “One of the most important steps to increasing safety for workers at heights is for workers to take personal responsibil-ity for their own safety, rather than having safety imposed upon them.”

Why Is Worker Compliance So Challenging?Every one of the above initiatives has helped; each has been a crucial piece of the puzzle in improving worker compliance while working at height. But the question remains: If safety harnesses and fall protec-tion equipment save lives, why aren’t work-ers consistently using them?

As yearly statistics continue to show, getting workers to use their fall protection equipment—every single time while work-ing at height—is still a huge challenge. No matter how safe fall protection equipment is or how thorough the education, train-ings, and regulations, if the equipment isn’t being used, the worker remains at risk. So Capital Safety resolved to find out why, beginning its research by having in-depth conversations with workers in the field, safety managers, and ergonomics special-ists. Over and over, we heard the same three major complaints; according to experts, employers, and workers, safety harnesses:

1. are too heavy and uncomfortable when they are loaded with tools and gear

2. are too hot3. get in the way of doing the jobClearly, it was time for the modern-

day safety harness to evolve. For decades, the primary focus of safety harnesses and worker compliance was to protect workers from falls, while comfort and worker pro-ductivity got pushed to the back burner.

The Final Piece of the Puzzle in Harness ComplianceThe final piece of the puzzle in improving worker safety harness compliance is clear: Offer workers a harness they want to wear.

A truly ergonomic safety harness also translates to good business for employers. A comfortable harness means:

■ Improved safety. When fall protection equipment is comfortable to wear, workers are more likely to put it on day after day. The safest harness is the one that’s comfortable enough that workers choose to wear it.

■ Improved productivity. Keeping workers comfortable on the job directly contributes to their happiness and work satisfaction, which translates to significant productivity gains for employers.

■ Improved worker retention. When the work is challenging and days at height are long, worker satisfaction greatly de-pends on how comfortable they are, both

on the job and once they have returned home at the end of the day. An exhausted worker feeling the aches and pains from the strain of a poorly designed harness has one more reason to look for his or her next work opportunity elsewhere.

Tim Thompson is the Product Manager for soft goods in North America with Capi-tal Safety, a global leader in fall protection. Capital Safety has recently been acquired by 3M. The combination of the companies will provide a broader array of solutions to customers.

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WELDING

W hen researching personal protective equipment requirements for welders, OSHA’s 29 CFR 1910.252(b)(2) is a good place to start. Unsurprisingly, it

begins by specifying eye protection.The standard states that welders’ filter lenses must

meet the test for transmission of radiant energy pre-scribed by the ANSI/ISEA Z87.1 standard, the Ameri-can National Standard for Occupational and Educa-tional Personal Eye and Face Protection Devices. ANSI/ISEA Z87.1-2015 is the current version of this standard and is available at www.safetyequipment.org.

The OSHA standard specifies that helmets or hand shields should be used during all arc welding or arc cutting operations (except for submerged arc weld-ing) and that “goggles or other suitable eye protection” must be used during all gas welding or oxygen cut-ting operations. “Spectacles without side shields, with suitable filter lenses are permitted for use during gas welding operations on light work, for torch brazing or for inspection,” it adds:

1910.252(b)(2)(i)(C)All operators and attendants of resistance welding or

resistance brazing equipment shall use transparent face shields or goggles, depending on the particular job, to protect their faces or eyes, as required.

1910.252(b)(2)(ii)(A)Helmets and hand shields shall be made of a material which is an insulator for heat and electricity. Helmets, shields and goggles shall be not readily flammable and shall be capable of withstanding sterilization.

1910.252(b)(2)(ii)(B)Helmets and hand shields shall be arranged to pro-tect the face, neck and ears from direct radiant en-ergy from the arc.

1910.252(b)(2)(ii)(C)Helmets shall be provided with filter plates and cover plates designed for easy removal.

1910.252(b)(2)(ii)(D)All parts shall be constructed of a material which will not readily corrode or discolor the skin.

The mandatory standard also addresses protec-tive clothing for welders in 1910.252(b)(3). It states that employees exposed to the hazards created by welding, cutting, or brazing operations “shall be protected by personal protective equipment in ac-cordance with the requirements of 1910.132,” the general OSHA PPE standard, and it adds that appro-priate protective clothing required for any welding operation varies according to the size, nature, and location of the work to be performed.

The OSHA 1910.132 standard covers much of the full range of PPE—vision protection, head and face protection, protective apparel, and respiratory protection—and specifies that step one is a haz-ard assessment by the employer, with the following steps being PPE selection and worker training. Once trained, they should understand, at the least, when PPE is needed and what type(s) of PPE are neces-sary; how to put on the take off the PPE properly, adjust it, and wear it; the limitations of their PPE;

Keep An Eye on Welding PPEThe OSHA mandatory standard specifies both eye protection and protective clothing for welders.BY JERRY LAWS

Natasa_M

/Shutterstock.com

An American Welding Society fact sheet warns that sparks, spatter, and molten metal can travel up to 35 feet or more from the welder’s work area.

0416ohs_014_016_Laws_v2.indd 14 3/10/16 12:12 PM

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WELDING

proper care and maintenance of the PPE; and what the useful life of their PPE is how to dispose of it. Every employee is to “demon-strate an understanding” of this training before being allowed to perform a task requiring their use of PPE.

Welding Fume ConcernsOSHA recommends using local exhaust ventilation to prevent welders’ exposure to welding fume, which can contain a bevy of hazardous substances—metals and also shielding and process gases. A 2013 fact sheet1 on welding fume from OSHA notes that a number of factors affect workers’ exposure to welding fume, in-cluding the type of welding process being done, base metal and filler metals being used, location, work practices, use of ventilation, and air movement.

Respiratory protection may be required if ventilation measures and work practices do not reduce potential exposures to safe levels, according to this fact sheet, which discusses the health effects of breathing welding fumes.

These health effects include eye, nose, and throat irritation; possible lung damage; various types of cancer; kidney and nervous

system damage; and suffocation when oxygen-displacing gases are involved in welding in confined or enclosed spaces.

Fire ProtectionThe American Welding Society offers 41 safety and health fact sheets at http://www.aws.org/standards/page/safety-health-fact-sheets, including one devoted to fire and explosion prevention. This Fact Sheet No. 6 warns that sparks, spatter, and molten metal can travel up to 35 feet or more from the welder’s work area. Welding and cutting in spaces that contain flammable gases, vapors, liquids, or dusts can cause an explosion, it states.

The fact sheet explains how to mitigate the fire risks by removing combustible materials within a 35-foot radius around the work area, obtaining a hot work permit when required, providing adequate ventilation in work areas in order to prevent flammable gas, vapor, or dust accumulations, and thoroughly checking the area for any evidence of fire after the welding or cutting operation is completed.

Appropriate fire extinguishing equipment should always be nearby, and personnel engaged in welding should know how to use it, the fact sheet explains.

Jerry Laws is the editor of Occupational Health & Safety.

REFERENCES1. https://www.osha.gov/Publications/OSHA_FS-3647_Welding.pdf

The OSHA 1910.132 standard covers much of the full range of PPE—vision protection, head and face protection, protective apparel, and respira-tory protection.

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HAND PROTECTION

J obs in the oil and gas industry are some of the most hazardous in the world. In addition to fire and explosion risks, there are some cer-tain risks, such as hand and finger injury risks,

which the workers are facing on a regular basis. Hand and finger injury is a permanent trend for oil and gas companies’ incident databases and one of the leading trends in the industry.

Recordable IncidentsHistorically, hand and finger injuries make up nearly 50 percent of incidents in the oil and gas industry, and sometimes this figure can reach up to 80 percent of all recordable incidents. According to the Inter-national Association of Drilling Contractors’ 2014 statistics, hand and finger injuries were attributed to about 43 percent of all recordable incidents on drill-ing rigs, and this figure had increased from previous years; it was 41 percent in 2013 and 40 percent in year 2012. As a result of such statistics, companies are concentrating more and more on hand and finger injury prevention strategies.

Threats to the hands include being caught between objects and struck by them, chemicals, vibration, cuts, bruises, breaks, burns, punctures, amputations, cold,

and infectious or biological agents. Hands and fingers have more nerve endings per square centimeter that any part of human body. In addition to that, hands and fingers have more pain receptors than any other part of our body. This help us to quickly remove our fingers from a danger zone if we can and, because of these receptors, by experience finger injuries are more painful than similar injuries to other parts of the body.

Hand and finger injuries thus are considered a significant challenge in the oil and gas industry. This article reviews the mitigation measures in hand and finger injury prevention plans that have been used by oil and gas companies.

Proper Risk AssessmentThere’s no need to accentuate that proper risk assess-ment and communicating the results with employees play an important role in minimizing hand and fin-ger injuries. Identification of related hazards, such as pinch points, struck by, cut, puncture, and chemical exposure, and defining suitable control measures will be the starting point in any hand and finger injury prevention plan.

Priority should be given to minimizing employees’ exposure to unnecessary risks with the elimination of requirements for employee involvement in hands-on activities if it is reasonably practicable or through im-plementation of engineering controls. Use of protec-tive gloves should be considered as the last mitigation option in the hierarchy of controls. It is imperative to mention that most of the time, protective gloves lessen the severity of injury and if they fail, it could expose the employee to the inherent danger.

Initiating Hand and Finger Injury Prevention CampaignsDue to the large number of hand and finger injuries each year, most oil and gas companies put hand and finger injury campaigns in their annual HSE plans and define it as one of their KPIs. Companies allocate required resources, including a budget, people, and the time for implementation of such campaigns.

Establishing a hands and fingers injury working group, conducting awareness sessions, organizing workshops, distributing awareness posters, and in-troducing better protective gloves are typical activities included in such campaigns.

Curbing Hand Injury RisksTraining, communication, on-the-job coaching, and employees’ involvement are key components to keeping hand safety awareness top of mind.BY SHAHRAM VATANPARAST

COURTESY O

F DRILLIN

G CON

TRACTOR

Figure 1. Advanced rigs reduced workers’ exposure to danger zones but introduced other hazards.

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Injury Prevention TrainingIncreasing workers’ awareness in relation to hand and finger injuries and concentrating on risky behaviors leading to hand and fin-ger injuries are critical and are widely used by companies. Simulated exercises, such as taping up a student’s dominant hand and asking him to perform some simple jobs, could be an effective learning practice and will help employees understand why they should take care of their hands and fingers at all times.

Consider organizing a speech by some who were involved in hand and finger in-juries to explain how such injuries affected their lives; this has been beneficial to in-crease workers’ awareness and their oppor-tunity to learn from experience. Reviewing Safety Alerts in relation to hand and finger injuries and regular toolbox talks could be considered part of increasing awareness. Because a good attitude toward health and safety is critical, behavior-based training and involving workers in activities such as hazards hunting exercises is fundamental to achieving the required results.

Training, communication, on-the-job coaching, and employees’ involvement are key components to keeping hand safety awareness top of mind.

Introducing Advanced TechnologyCertain type of injuries have been reduced by using advanced technology such as a re-mote-control pipe handling system for oil and gas drilling rigs. In fact, removing per-sonnel from machinery helped companies improve their safety performance.

For instance, introducing an “iron der-rickman” on drilling rigs eliminated the requirement to have a derrickman on top of a derrick and other floormen on the rig floor with exposure to various risks, includ-ing pipe handling. All operations could be performed and controlled by the driller remotely. Another typical example of ad-vanced technology is the remote “top drive system” that achieved a “hands-off” casing running operation, which is an obvious safety advantage. Oil and gas companies in some regions, such as Norwegian waters, are obliged to comply with certain regula-tory requirements and use the unmanned and remotely operated equipment. How-ever, introducing advanced equipment created other hazards to personnel and in some cases significant incidents have oc-

curred. These include collisions and other interactions between remotely controlled equipment and personnel, between equip-ment and structures, between different pieces of drill floor equipment, or within the equipment itself.

Figure 2. The automatic “iron derrickman” eliminated the requirement for a derrickman on top of the derrick.

Enforcement of a ‘Hands Free System’Handling and positioning of heavy equip-ment often result in trapped or crushed fingers and hands. A majority of oil and gas companies and contractors developed “hands free” policies and initiated compre-hensive campaigns in order to reduce the number of hand and finger injuries. This was achieved by enforcing the use of tagline and push pole for loads and also installing CCTV on rigs and platforms’ cranes booms for use during lifting operations.

Protective GlovesThere is no doubt that the gloves play a sig-nificant role in protecting workers’ hands and fingers. According to the Occupational Safety and Health Administration, around 30 percent of hand injuries occurred be-cause hand protection was inadequate, damaged, or misapplied. The old cotton glove days are over now, and high-per-formance hand protection is required for medium to heavy-duty work to reduce the heavy costs associated with hand and finger injuries. This work would include applica-tions such hand tool use, pipe handling,

and valve operation.Improved design in gloves has en-

hanced their use in the oil and gas industry and particularly on drilling rigs in recent years, where 56 percent of all record-able incidents in 2014 were attributed to “struck by” and “caught between objects.” Nowadays, major oil and gas companies require their employees to use more rug-ged new-technology gloves. Adding ther-moplastic rubber ribs to gloves to absorb and dissipate impacts on the back of the hand is one of the features of new gloves that may be a solution for the high rate of these types of injuries.

High visibility, waterproof, impact ab-sorption, high durability, high dexterity, and better grip are the features of the new gloves. While wearing safety gloves is cru-cial to hand protection, selecting and wear-ing the correct type of gloves is also critical. Even though gloves provide high levels of protection, workers are unlikely to wear them for extended periods if the gloves are uncomfortable or hinder their ability to do their jobs.

Implementing a safety gloves survey would help to assess the working envi-ronment and define which type of glove is required for each task. There is also the option to trial the protective gloves. A trial can be a good way to establish employee support and assess the gloves’ suitability.

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Figure 4. Protective tools can prevent hand injuries.

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Adding thermoplastic rubber ribs to gloves to absorb and dissipate impacts on the back of the hand is one of the features of new gloves that may be a solution for the high rate of “struck by” and “caught between objects” injuries.




HAND PROTECTION

Introducing Protective ToolsA range of safety products, including the finger saver, pipe catcher, pipe handling tools, push sticks, and load handling straps, has been produced by different manu-factures to support oilfield personnel in hands-free policies and are being used by oil and gas companies to reduce the num-ber of hand and finger injuries. These pro-tective tools are designed to remove work-ers’ hands and fingers from danger zones.

Highlighting Danger ZonesIdentification of hazardous area such as pinch points by color coding and warn-ing stickers is widely used by oil and companies to enhance employees’ aware-ness and reduce the number of hand and finger injuries. Considering compliance with the regulatory requirements and standards, the equipment manufacturers should implement such systems on their equipment before putting their equip-ment in service. However, frequent use of equipment and other factors, such as

CO

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Figure 3. Protective tools could remove workers’ hands and fingers from danger zones.

REFERENCES1. BM Polyco Limited (2010) Hand Injury Risk in Oil and Gas Industry

http://www.hazardexonthenet.net/article/30751/Hand-injury-risks-in-the-oil-and-gas-industry.aspx

2. Langley, D. (2011) How to gain upper hand in finger, hand safety:10 Tips from industry

http://www.drillingcontractor.org/hse-corner-how-to-gain-the-upper-hand-in-finger-hand-safety-10-tips-from-the-industry-8118

3. Houston, C. (2014) High Risk on the Rig

https://ohsonline.com/Articles/2014/04/01/High-Risk-on-the-Rig.aspx

4. IADC (2010) Lifting panel focuses on hand safety, competence assurance, maintenance

http://www.drillingcontractor.org/lifting-panel-focuses-on-hand-safety-competence-assurance-maintenance-6581

5. IADC ( 2015) IADC ISP Program 2014 Summary of occupational incidents

http://www.iadc.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/06/2014-Annual-Report-for-Industry-Totals.pdf

6. IADC (2013) IADC ISP Program 2013 Summary of occupational incidents


7. Gopaul, G., Al-Shatti, A. (2014) Kuwait oil industry target main causes of hand injuries

http://www.drillingcontractor.org/kuwait-oil-study-targets-main-causes-of-hand-injuries-27590

8. IADC (2015) Hand protection

http://www.iadc.org/safety-meeting-topics/hand-protection/

9. North Sea Lifting Ltd (2008) The International Injuries to Fingers and Hand Pocketbook, ISBN 1-904021-02-6

10. Ringers Gloves (2015) Five Ways Reducing Hand Injuries in the Oilfield is About More Than Just Wearing Gloves

http://www.ringersgloves.com/theglovebox/blog/five-ways-reducing-hand-injuries-oilfield-just-wearing-gloves.html

11. Swift Drilling (2013) High value drilling Solutions

http://www.swiftdrilling.com/media/SWIFT_Drilling_Brochure_2013.pdf

12. Health and Safety Executive (2013) Drill floor machinery and tubular handling safety

http://www.hse.gov.uk/offshore/infosheets/is2-2013.pdf

13. Florence, F., Porche, M., Thomas, R., Fox, R. (2009) SPE/IADC 119965, “Multiparameter Autodrilling Capabilities Provide Drilling/Economic Benefits,” NOV M/D Totco, 2009 SPE/IADC Drilling Conference & Exhibition, Amsterdam, 17-19 March.

14. Brown, S., Turner, N., Denham, R. (2012) UK HSE guide targets drill floor machinery, tubular handling safety

http://www.drillingcontractor.org/uk-hse-guide-targets-drill-floor-machinery-tubular-handling-safety-18468

15. Huckeba, D. (2003) ‘Hands Free’ System Reduces Rig Injuries

http://www.ogj.com/articles/print/volume-101/issue-39/drilling-production/hands-free-system-reduces-rig-injuries.html


http://www.hazardexonthenet.net/article/30751/Hand-injury-risks-in-the-oil-and-gas-industry.aspx

http://www.drillingcontractor.org/hse-corner-how-to-gain-the-upper-hand-in-finger-hand-safety-10-tips-from-the-industry-8118

https://ohsonline.com/Articles/2014/04/01/High-Risk-on-the-Rig.aspx

http://www.drillingcontractor.org/lifting-panel-focuses-on-hand-safety-competence-assurance-maintenance-6581



http://www.drillingcontractor.org/kuwait-oil-study-targets-main-causes-of-hand-injuries-27590

http://www.iadc.org/safety-meeting-topics/hand-protection/

http://www.ringersgloves.com/theglovebox/blog/five-ways-reducing-hand-injuries-oilfield-just-wearing-gloves.html

http://www.swiftdrilling.com/media/SWIFT_Drilling_Brochure_2013.pdf

http://www.hse.gov.uk/offshore/infosheets/is2-2013.pdf

http://www.drillingcontractor.org/uk-hse-guide-targets-drill-floor-machinery-tubular-handling-safety-18468

http://www.ogj.com/articles/print/volume-101/issue-39/drilling-production/hands-free-system-reduces-rig-injuries.html


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HAND PROTECTION

weather conditions, may cause the warning paints and stickers to disappear, and repainting may be required.

Banning JewelryThousands of people are injured every year when a ring, brace-let, or other piece of jewelry gets caught in machinery or pinch points. Not allowing employee to use rings and jewelry while per-forming tasks is critical. There is no doubt that wearing jewelry such as rings caused an increase in the severity of finger injuries, and most companies have developed policies and procedures to ban wearing of jewelry on working fields.

Selecting the Right ToolsSelection of proper hand tools is crucial for preventing hand and finger injuries. Using the wrong tools for the job or using the right tools in the wrong way can result in a serious hand and finger in-jury. Regular hand tool inspections and using protective tools in combination with hand tools where practicable play a significant role in injury prevention. Banning the use of some tools, such as adjustable wrenches, is critical because they have the tendency to slip and increase the likelihood of hand and finger injuries.

Installation of Proper Guards for MachineriesMany machines have built-in safeguards in order to protect em-ployees’ hands or other parts of the body. Proper guarding on ma-chineries and regular inspections to ensure the guards are not com-

promised are fundamental to prevent the exposure of body parts to danger zones.

ConclusionDespite a lot of efforts by oil and gas companies, the industry sta-tistics indicate that the number of hand and finger injuries is in-creasing year by year. The literature review indicates that there is no single solution to reduce the number of hand and finger injuries and a range of mitigation measures should be included in compa-nies’ hand and finger injury prevention strategies.

Improved technology in some areas, such as oil and gas drill-ing rigs, reduced hand and finger injury risks to a certain degree, however, it also has introduced new risks that need to be mitigated. Involvement of employees in hand and finger injury prevention programs is crucial to reduce the number of injuries and get the required results.

Shahram Vatanparast, MSc, CMIOSH, FIIRSM, is a Chartered Safety and Health Practitioner and fellow member of International Institute of Risk and Safety Management. He graduated from Lough-borough University with an MSc degree in Occupational Health and Safety Management. Since 1999, he has worked for major oil and gas operating companies such as TOTAL, ENI, SINOPEC, and PTTEP in Middle East and South Asia regions. Currently, he is working as a freelance QHSE consultant in the oil and gas upstream sector in both onshore and offshore fields.

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HAND PROTECTION

I will always remember how my grandfather was missing half of his left pinky finger. It’s just some-thing I can’t forget. He lost half of his finger at work at the age of 50 when a 55-gallon drum of

ice cream rolled over his hand. I always admired how he made the best of the situation, and he repeatedly spoke about his work-related injury, so his story went down in the family lore.

Like 70 percent of workers today who suffer from hand injuries, my grandfather was not wearing safety gloves when he sustained his injury. And like 30 per-cent of workers today, even if my grandfather were wearing a glove, most likely the gloves “were inad-equate, damaged or wrong for the type of hazard,” ac-cording to a study conducted by the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS).

Plus, the technology of composite engineered yarns and steel for cut resistance and Thermal Plastic Rubber (TPR) overlays for impact resistance simply didn’t exist during my grandfather’s time as it does today—in the age of performance gloves. Fortunately for workers today, performance safety gloves are engi-neered with technological advances that aid in extra protection, dexterity, durability, and comfort.

Ouch! The Statistics & Cost of Hand Injuries are StaggeringIn today’s work environment, let’s not forget that hand

injuries are the second leading cause of work-related injury—back and neck sprains and strains take first place. The most common causes of hand injuries are blunt trauma, followed by cut and laceration injuries from a sharp object, which account for one-third of hand injuries.

A human hand consists of:■ 27 bones—including the eight wrist bones■ Major nerves, including the ulnar, median, and

the superficial branch of the radial nerve■ Arteries, veins, muscles, tendons, ligaments,

joint cartilage, skin, and fingernailsBecause our hands have an intricate structure and

a complex anatomy, the potential exists for a variety of injuries. Human hands are truly amazing and are definitely worth protecting properly. The cost of a hand injury can far exceed the cost of a hand protec-tion safety program.

BLS reports that today, the average hand injury claim exceeds $6,000, coupled with a typical workers’ compensation claim of $7,000—for a total of $13,000. Plus, the National Safety Council reports the follow-ing costs for typical injuries:

Type of Hand Injury Typical Cost

Severed tendon $70,000

Laceration $10,000

Stitches $2,000

Butterfly $300

OSHA’s Top Eight Hand Injuries to Protect AgainstOSHA dictates that employers must use personal pro-tective equipment (PPE) to provide additional protec-tion against hazards that can’t be completely elimi-nated through other measures. According to OSHA, 70.9 percent of arm and hand injuries could have been prevented with PPE, specifically safety gloves.

The hand injuries that employers need to protect against include:

1. Burns2. Bruises 3. Abrasions4. Cuts5. Punctures6. Fractures7. Amputations8. Chemical exposures

This Is Not Your Grandfather’s Glove: Hand Protection in the Age of Performance GlovesSome injuries you can’t forget.BY MARY PADRON

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HAND PROTECTION

Three Effective Ways to Prevent Hand InjuriesHow can employers help prevent the eight hand injuries listed here? They can 1) eval-uate job site risks, 2) teach employees about the hazards, and 3) provide the proper safe-ty glove for the application.

1. Evaluate job site risks by asking the right questions:

■ What engineering and work prac-tice controls need to be in place to help pre-vent hand and finger injury?

■ What tools and equipment will your workers use?

■ Does the equipment have built-in safeguards to protect against pinching when exposed to moving machine parts? Are there barriers between your workers’ hands and the saw blade?

■ Are your workers wearing jewelry that can get caught in machinery? Thou-sands of employees are injured every year when a ring or bracelet gets caught in a moving machine part.

■ Does the worker have to handle heavy equipment or machinery where fin-gers and hands are easily crushed?

You can always consult with a safety specialist, safety engineer, or product man-ager to help you evaluate the potential areas and risk factors that can lead to hand and finger injury at your job site.

2. Teach & train:One of the best ways to behaviorally

teach and train is to role play or simulate a hand injury. Tape up an employee’s domi-nant hand with gauze, then instruct him or her to perform a couple of simple work tasks and a personal task, such as texting. The simulation drives home how debilitat-ing a hand injury can be and will help in-crease compliance.

Have a Glove Show & Tell: Display sev-eral different types of gloves and talk about the specific application for the glove. Re-iterate the importance of using the right glove for the right task. (As was mentioned earlier, 30 percent of hand injuries are a re-sult of using the wrong or inadequate glove for the job.)

3. Outfit workers with today’s high-per-formance gloves:

OSHA says, “It is essential that em-

ployees use gloves specifically designed for the hazards and tasks found in their workplace because gloves designed for one function may not protect against a different function even though the glove may appear to be an appropriate protec-tive device.” Below are three types of high-performance gloves, all of which have revolutionized hand protection.

Impact-resistant glovesImpact-resistant gloves, also known as

anti-impact gloves, feature dense thermal plastic rubber pads or overlays strategi-cally located along the top of the hand and along fingers to help protect from crush-ing blows. TPR provides maximum cush-ioning while not interfering with dexterity. Other features of impact-resistant gloves include padded palms, molded knuckle areas, and extra grip patches. Workers in oil drilling, automotive, and heavy manu-facturing environments benefit greatly from TPR technology.

Coated glovesNumerous types of coated gloves are

available today, which include nitrile foam coated, high-visibility knit coated, PU palm coated, crinkle latex coated, and the list goes on. Prominent features of coated gloves include seamless design, breathable knit back, elastic cuffs, and a variety of gauges. The main features of seamless knit coated gloves are their good grip and great dexterity. Solid coated fingers and palm usually provide abrasion and tear resis-tance. When wearing coated gloves, work-ers are also able to move their hands more freely and easily in cold conditions. Plus, coated gloves give additional skin protec-tion from harmful chemicals and oils.

Coated gloves are ideal for jobs that require a high degree of touch sensitivity, dexterity, and a superior grip. Industrial ap-plications include general assembly, paint-ing, the handling of small oily parts and components, horticulture, machining, and maintenance.

Cut-resistant glovesThe use of cut-resistant gloves has in-

creased considerably. Glove fabrics and coatings have been improving at a fast and furious pace; thus, cut-resistant gloves are thinner, more comfortable, and provide

greater protection. Thanks to engineered composite yarns, manufacturers are creat-ing gloves with superior levels of cut resis-tance without compromising comfort and dexterity—two major factors in worker compliance.

Engineered yarns, or super yarns, are popular in industrial applications requir-ing ASTM Level 3 or higher and are heavily used by meat processing, glass handling, and heavy sheet metal handling industries where workers are exposed to sharp blades. Those who work around sharp blades will need to wear cut-resistant gloves. The gauge and cut level required will depend on the specific task.

Get a Grip on the New ANSI/ISEA 105-2016 and EN 388 European Glove StandardsJust as today’s high-performance gloves have evolved and changed to take advan-tage of new technologies, the American National Standard for Hand Protection Classification and the European EN 388 standard have evolved to address these advances in PPE technology and cut-re-sistant materials.

On Jan. 12, 2016, the ISEA approved the new ANSI/ISEA 105-2016 standard for Hand Protection Classification. This stan-dard is a voluntary consensus standard first published in 1999 and later revised in 2005 and 2011. A major focus of the new standard is cut-resistance testing and classification. The new ANSI/ISEA 105-2016 standard can be ordered at https://safetyequipment.org/standard/ansiisea-105-2016/.

The European Norm (EN) 388 stan-dard is in the revision process and will be released in early 2016.

Below are three key points to help you navigate the new ANSI standard and the proposed EN 388 changes:

■ Both the ANSI/ISEA 105 and re-vised EN 388 standard will now use the Tomodynamometer (TDM) 100 machine. As a result of this important change, the cut level between the two standards will now match in terms of range for most lev-els. Designating one piece of equipment for cut testing will help to eliminate confusion about glove performance and help safety managers choose the appropriate protec-tion for their employees.

■ ANSI will add four additional cut levels for higher cut-resistant materials us-

Gloves today come in a variety of sizes, price points, materials, and styles to satisfy a wide range of industrial applications.


https://safetyequipment.org/standard/ansiisea-105-2016/


www.vpppa.org/national-conference 1wwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwww wwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwww wwwwwwwww w v.v.v.v.vv.v.vvpvpppppppvvpp.vvvvvpvpppvpvppvpvvvppppppppppppapapppapapaaapaaapppppppppappapaapppppaappappppappppaapppapapappppppppppppppp .oro.o.oooo.oororoororrrrrooooroorrrr.orooorrooo.o.ooo..o.orrgg/gg/g/g/gg////n/n/nn/nnnnn//ng///n/nnng/n/nngggggg//n/nnng/ngggg nnnnnggg/n//gg/gg/ngggggg aaaatataattttitititiiaatatiataaaatta itiiatattitttataa ooooonoonannononnnannanaaaaaonooonnnnnaannnnaonaonnaooooonnnnaaooooo aan llll-cc-cccccccccll-cl cccl-ll-ccccll--cl-cll ccoooonononononfnnonnfnfnfnfnnfnfnnfnfonffnffonfo fonnfnonffono ffonffoo fffeereeeereereereereereerererererereeereereerereerereereeerereerereereeeerererer ncencencencencencencnccnceccncenceeeenceenceeeeenceencecen ee 111111111111111111111111111111

The VPPPA conference lasts four days, but the knowledge

and experiences last a

Join us at the Gaylord Palms in Kissimmee, FL,

on August 29–September 1, 2016!

0416ohs_VPPPA_Insert.indd 10416ohs_VPPPA_Insert.indd 1 2/25/16 11:45 AM2/25/16 11:45 AM

http://www.vp

2 32nd Annual National VPPPA Safety & Health Conference

85PERCENT

84 PERCENTof attendees ranked the value of the educational content as outstanding or very good

68PERCENTof respondents either purchased or planned to purchase products and services displayed at the expo

of 2015 conference attendees evaluated their experience as outstanding or very good


87PERCENTof attendees would recommend this conference to a friend or colleague

63PERCENTof surveyed attendees are extremely likely or likely to attend the conference next year

As a first timer, I was impressed.

The facilities were immaculate, the speakers were extremely knowledgeable and each event was well-organized. I’m very fortunate to have been a part of the National VPPPA

Conference; it was truly a unique experience.”

www.vpppa.org/national-conference 3


http://www.vpppa.org/national-conference


Register Now for the 32nd Annual National VPPPA Safety & Health Conference! Visit 250 safety product and service exhibitors, learn from nationally-renowned speakers in more than 100 workshops and network with thousands of safety and health leaders and decision-makers. The 32nd Annual National VPPPA Safety & Health Conference offers multiple opportunities to foster enduring, professional connections while providing the crucial knowledge, best practices and guidance to become a leader in safety and health excellence.

There was a great

flow to the schedule

and a great variety of workshops. It was nice to have things offered with flexibility and all of the presenters and presentations were of the highest

quality. All of the sessions I attended were very helpful and I hope to be able to

attend future annual

conferences.”

RRREEEGGGGIISSSSTTTTEERRE TOODDAYAYAY

at www.vpppa.org/

national-conference/

register


http://www.vpppa.org/

http://www.vpppa.org/


What’s New this Year? SECURITY PANEL—Learn from survivors and experts from government agencies, VPP companies and local representatives about how to handle active shooter situations and how to set up security protocols at your site

IN-DEPTH CONSTRUCTION WORKSHOP—An intensive construction workshop focused on confined spaces, excavation, crane and rigging, scaffolding and fall protection will be held in two sections on Tuesday, Aug. 30. A variety of construction professionals will present on their topic of expertise. Attendees will receive a thorough, four-hour briefing on the vital safety issues and OSHA requirements in the construction industry

MEDIATION TRAINING—Join this free preconference workshop to learn how to become a mediator for management and union labor negotiations and bring intense situations to mutually beneficial conclusions

Very informative and eye-opening presentations on everyday hazards that exist in the workplace, including new ways to

effectively navigate

safely through issues that may arise.”




Keynote Speakers

Colonel Mark Tillman, the nation’s 12th Presidential pilot, will share his first-hand account of piloting President George W. Bush on September 11, 2001, and later transporting the Commander in Chief into the war zone of Baghdad, Iraq for Thanksgiving dinner with the troops. Col. Tillman emphasizes the concept of a Zero Fail Mission which can be applied in both business and everyday life. Detailed planning, measurable expectations and personal responsibility are several of the key elements.

This year’s closing speaker, Elizabeth Smart, was kidnapped and held captive for nine months as a 14-year-old. Facing certain death, Elizabeth endured many hardships before she was finally rescued in 2003. Elizabeth will share her deeply-moving, impactful story of unlikely survival and will motivate attendees to always persevere through difficult times and to never lose hope, even in life’s most devastating times. Her memoir My Story details her journey of survival and explains how she overcame hardship to achieve success. Elizabeth’s foundation, the Elizabeth Smart Foundation, helps prevent crimes against children and educates children on protecting themselves if they are mistreated by a stranger.

KEYNOTE SPEAKER: Colonel Mark Tillman

CLOSING SPEAKER: Elizabeth Smart

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Security Panel New this year, VPPPA will host a security panel discussion during the Opening General Session. The panel will feature esteemed security and safety professionals discussing crucial topics including:

• Proper handling of an active shooter situation

• The necessity of having a shelter-in-place policy

• Importance of secured entry and access

• Other emerging workplace security issues

“I found all the presentations helpful in different ways and brought back ideas for team-building as well as how to help

create a positive

safety culture in my workplace.”




Workshops The VPPPA conference offers more than 100 workshops covering crucial topics throughout a variety of industries. Learn from the experiences and lessons of the industry’s experts and receive valuable information and guidance applicable to your site.

Topics include:

• Security in the workplace

• Injury prevention

• Lockout/tagout assistance

• Complying with OSHA standards

• Improving your safety culture

• Hazard recognition

• Behavior-based strategies

A key selling point for me attending was being able to meet, greet and network

with like-minded

people in a national setting who have the same goals and are working towards raising awareness

about safety in both our professional and personal lives.”



Networking Agenda

August 29–September 1

MONDAY

WEDNESDAY

THURSDAY

TUESDAY

First-Timers Workshop and Networking

Annual Meeting of the Membership

Opening General Session

Reception and Grand Opening of Exhibit Hall

Regional Networking Meetings

Morning and Afternoon Workshops

Casino Night Networking Event

Morning and Afternoon Workshops

Wednesday Reception Networking Event

Morning Workshops

Closing General Session Lunch and Networking




The Voluntary Protection Programs Participants’

Association, Inc. comprises a global society of dedicated

safety and health professionals empowering occupational

safety culture across more than 50 industries. VPPPA, The

Premier Global Safety and Health Organization, is the leading

community committed to occupational safety, health and

environmental management systems and has created a

complex network of cooperation between companies, the

Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA), state

OSHA leaders, members of congress, the Department of

Defense (DOD) and Department of Energy (DOE).

VPPPA is committed to delivering the most productive and

rewarding membership experience to each of our valued

member sites.

Join VPPPA now to receive the discounted member registration

rate for the national conference!



Connecting Safety and Health Professionals: Educate

• Webinars

• National and Regional Conferences

• Access to Safety and Health Articles

• Innovative Safety Solutions

Collaborate

• Best Practices Directory

• Networking

• Mentoring

• Industry Partnerships

Advocate

• Congressional Outreach

• Union and Labor Cooperation

• Update National Safety Practices

Members enjoy several benefits including:

• Members-only Job Exchange

• Membership Directory

• Online Discussion Forums

• Association Magazine

• Networking

• Recognition Programs

• Scholarships

My site has been a VPP site for a long time, and it was helpful to hear the

experiences of what works and what doesn’t from other companies that are in VPP as well.”




For more information on registration, hotel reservations, conference entertainment, workshops, keynote speakers, sponsorship opportunities and VPPPA membership, visit our website at www.vpppa.org/national-conference.

Questions? Contact us at [email protected] or (703) 761-1146. When registering, use code VPPPA250, for a chance to win a $250 Amazon.com gift card.

Join VPPPA today to

receive the discounted

membership rate





ing a nine-level alphabet scale rated from A1-A9. EN 388 levels through the TDM method will be given a six-step letter score of A through F. Previously, the ANSI and EN standards both had a ranking scale of 1 to 5, which caused confusion because different testing and classification methods were used. An “apples to apples” comparison did not exist between the ANSI testing and the Euro-pean Norm (EN) testing.

■ There are no third-party testing or conformity requirements for ANSI/ISEA 105. Testing can be performed and certified by the manufacturer.

Let’s Do Something About That 70 Percent/30 Percent Hand Injury StatisticGloves today come in a variety of sizes, price points, materials, and styles to satisfy a wide range of industrial applications. Safety managers have thousands of glove resources and safety solutions at their fingertips to ensure they are protecting the fingers and hands of employees. Ask yourself, “What can I do today to protect my

employees’ fingers and hands tomorrow?” Tackle the fact that 70 percent of workers aren’t wearing gloves

by making sure safety gloves are readily available for the employee. Establish work rules that demand when and where gloves are to be worn. Reward compliance and make sure employees know the repercussions if they don’t comply with safety rules.

Put a dent in the fact that 30 percent of workers are not wearing the right glove by choosing the proper glove for the application, whether that is an impact-resistant glove, a coated glove, or a cut-resistant glove of the proper gauge. Also, don’t be misled by leather gloves for cut protection. Because leather is skin, it can be easily cut, just like the skin of your employee. Leather, although a popular choice during my grandfather’s time and my father’s time, is not a good choice today for employees whose jobs expose them to the risks of cuts and lacerations.

I hope in the next year, the number of hand and finger injuries drops significantly as compliance and proper glove specification improve through technology, innovation, training, and motivation. Let’s all work together to reduce the number of hand injuries. If in favor, raise your hand!

Mary Padron is a MarCom Specialist at Radians®, a leading manufac-turer of high-performance hand protection and other quality PPE. For more information, visit www.Radians.com or call 1-877-723-4267.

Safety managers have thousands of glove resources and safety solutions at their fingertips to ensure they are protecting the fingers and hands of employees.

Take control of your driving safety.Available through

OH&S Academy now off ers eDriving Fleet Services, a training opportunity for the safety industry. Maintain your edge and keep ahead of the competition with our in-depth resources for fl eet safety, fl eet management, and all things driving.

Sign up now for a 25% discount on OH&S Academy eDriving courses!

edriving.com/OHSacademy

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http://www.Radians.com


FIRST AID


U nder OSHA 1910.151, employers are re-quired to have medical personnel avail-able for advice and consultation on matters of health, a person or persons adequately

trained to render first aid, and proper first aid sup-plies on site. And because workplaces do not have the same occupational injuries or environmental hazards, OSHA stipulates first aid training be specific to the workplace.

With such a broad description for OSHA first aid compliance, the responsibility of defining the various components of first aid response and preparedness lies solely on the employer: levels of first aid training for employees, number of personnel to be trained, designated area for immediate emergency use, proper first aid supplies, and policies and procedures for your medical personnel to follow when administering first aid and more.

When creating a first aid program or streamlining an existing program, consider using a simple four-step process: Information, Preparation, Assessment and Response, or IPAR.

InformationThe first step is to gather relevant information such as previous injuries and environmental hazard inci-dents logs and reports. Conducting a hazard and risk analysis of your workplace and studying past injury logs will help determine the types of injuries or medi-cal emergencies that occur most commonly at your facility. This information will help you determine the number of employees needed to be trained and the level of training.

Training should be specific to the needs of your workplace. Do you need employees trained with basic first aid skills such as CPR and AED, or do you need

First Aid Readiness: Information, Preparation, Assessment, and ResponseWith such a broad description for OSHA first aid compliance, the responsibility of defining the various components of first aid response and preparedness lies solely on the employer.BY MIKE ADEL

Andrey Popov/Shutterstock.com

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©2015 Gorbel Inc. All Rights Reserved.

WHY IS IT OKAY WHEN IT’S ONE OF YOUR WORKERS?

Don’t fall victim to inadequate fall protection. Not following industry standards? One fall can have disastrous consequences for your workers, their families and your business. You can’t afford to wait to change the way you look at workplace fall protection.

Find out how you can prevent the inevitable from becoming the unimaginable. Download our new ebook at gorbel.com/righttrack/ohs.

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FIRST AID

employees trained with EMT-type skills? At a minimum, every workplace should have employees trained in CPR and AED use.

Once the number of employee respond-ers is identified and the level of training de-termined, gather the information on what types of injuries or medical issues occurred last year and what equipment and supplies were used. Using this information, itemize the types of medical supplies and equip-ment that will be required and designate the location or locations in your facility to place the supplies for immediate emergen-cy access. You may need to consider several first aid supply areas so that first aid bags and medical supplies are readily available throughout your facility.

The Information gathered and analyzed should be included in your formal written plan. If you have a first aid plan already in place, use this Information for the pur-pose of improving injury/medical response outcomes and identifying any training de-ficiency that may need to be addressed in your current plan.

PreparationIn this second step, we begin to put the pieces of the puzzle together based on our Information gathering. There are two es-sential components to address in the Prep-aration step:

1. Employee responder training2. Procuring first aid equipment and

suppliesEmployee responder training: Once your

employee medical responders are identi-fied, it’s time to find a qualified instructor and create a training schedule. The meth-ods of training can include instructor-led at your facility, train-the-trainer so your em-ployees are instructors, and online courses.

When securing first aid instructors, it is highly recommended you engage certified instructors who have real-world response experience. Responding to a life-threat-ening injury must be timely and first aid properly administered, making it critical that your employee medical responders re-ceive “the best of the best” first aid training.

Procuring equipment and supplies: First aid equipment and supplies should have been identified from your evaluation dur-ing the Information phase, and this should

be just a matter of finding a good supplier for your first aid inventory. Since your first aid program is specific to your workplace, be careful purchasing already built, pre-packaged, first aid kits. These kits may not have all of the items you need.

You may want to create your own “first aid kits” by giving the suppliers an item-ized list. As for quantities, remember that first aid equipment and supplies need to be readily available in or near the proximities of your employee responders, so the larger your facility, the more locations you will need to supply.

If you already have a medical response plan, then the Preparation phase should address any training deficiency that re-sulted from the Information phase, as well as provide a list of equipment and supplies that needs to be either added or replaced.

Now that you have the equipment and all of the employee responders trained, your next step is the Assessment phase.

AssessmentThe Assessment phase is where you

will put your plan to the test, confirm that the right equipment has been secured, and observe each of your employee responder’s first aid readiness.

In the Assessment phase, you should conduct mock medical drills to ensure the employee responders follow the written plan, perform the correct patient assess-ment and administer the proper treatment, and make sure the equipment is correct and staged in the designated locations for a quick employee responder response.

After performing several drills, the As-sessment results may require you to revisit the Information phase to make changes and revisions to your plan. Based on your observations, you also may find that ad-ditional training, as well as specific skills refresher training, is needed for your em-ployee responders.

If you already have a medical response plan in place, then this phase should be used to reassess your team, verify that the mock drills are working, and, based on your observations, identify some specific skills refresher training that may be needed for your employee responders. This phase also should be used to re-evaluate the

qualifications and real-world experience of your instructors to ensure you are provid-ing the “best of the best” training to your response team.

ResponseAfter any medical response, a debrief with the employee responders should be conducted shortly after to discuss the in-cident—what went well and what not so well—and to identify any deficiency in the medical response plan. This is also a good time to identify training needs assessment.

Did the employee responders feel con-fident in their abilities? What areas/topic would they like additional training on? Did they follow the response plan and, if so, did it work correctly, or are there procedures in the plan that need to be updated? Was the equipment where it was supposed to be and, if so, was it all there, and was it in good working order?

Update Your Plan RegularlyThe IPAR should be repeated annually to re-evaluate your plan and if necessary, make changes in your procedures, training, and first aid supplies and equipment. The IPAR process will help you keep your plan updated while you and your employee re-sponders focus on first aid readiness.

Michael Adel is an independent safety in-structor and consultant for Priority One Safe-T, LLC, an industrial safety training and emergency response firm (www.prior-ity1safe-t.com), and a firefighter with the Joplin Missouri Fire Department. He has been employed with the Joplin Fire Depart-ment for the past 16 years and is a mem-ber of the department’s Special Operations Team, currently serving as the Hazardous Materials Coordinator. Prior to joining the Joplin Fire Department, he spent five years as a volunteer firefighter.

He has extensive experience in the envi-ronmental remediation field in addition to transportation incident hazardous material cleanups, as well as experience with site as-sessments and mitigations. He has been a Hazardous Material Technician for 20 years and is certified in Rope, Confined Space, Trench Rescue and Structural Collapse, and he is also certified to the Fire Instructor II level and holds other fire service certifica-tions. He earned his bachelor’s degree in Geology from Missouri State University.

When securing first aid instructors, it is highly recommended you engage certified instructors who have real-world response experience.

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http://www.priority1safe-t.com


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FIRST AID

F irst aid supplies are found in nearly any set-ting—from residential, industrial, and recre-ational sites to vehicle fleets. Yet as common as they are, first aid kits in the workplace have not

historically been required to align with the number of employees they serve or the types of hazards present. The U.S. Occupational Safety and Health Administra-tion requires that first aid kits be accessible for use at work sites with more than five employees. However, in the matter of kit specifications and minimum content requirements OSHA refers to the American National Standards Institute (ANSI). Until recently, though, neither organization called for the appropriate types and amount of first aid components sufficient to meet the unique needs of individual workplaces.

Despite the widespread use of workplace safety controls and personal protective equipment, acci-dents still happen. In fact, more than 3.5 million non-fatal occupational injuries were recorded in 2013, ac-

cording to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. When employers lack sufficient first aid supplies, they ex-pose workers to increased risk of infection and other negative outcomes, including additional medical fees and lost wages, while exposing themselves to myriad direct and indirect expenses that range from medical and legal costs to workers’ compensation and lost productivity.

First aid is critical in treating injuries as soon as they occur to promote a positive outcome. Recogniz-ing the inherent danger and liability in undersup-plied first aid kits, the International Safety Equipment Association recently recommended fundamental changes to the ANSI/ISEA standard Z308.1, “Mini-mum Requirements for Workplace First Aid Kits and Supplies,” and these changes represent a holistic shift in our nation’s approach to occupational injury pre-paredness designed to better protect workers and em-ployers alike in the event of a workplace injury.

How ANSI is Leading the Way to Better First Aid in the WorkplaceRecent changes to ANSI/ISEA Z308.1 are a holistic shift in our nation’s approach to occupational injury preparedness.BY ERICA OSLEY

Pat Hastings/Shutterstock.com

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www.ohsonline.com 33

When the standard came up for review in 2015, a new ISEA committee was as-sembled to review the existing standard with an eye toward possible improve-ments. When it assessed recent data show-ing a rising number of injuries for which first aid was applicable, the committee rec-ognized an opportunity to make impor-tant changes to the way America’s work-places approach injuries. Among their findings was that the prior standard left room for employers to meet the minimum requirement, yet be woefully undersup-plied in the event of an injury. The com-mittee carefully considered the standard’s mission—to protect employees through injury readiness—and brainstormed new ways to help make the standard better support its mission.

What the New Standard EntailsThe revised 2015 standard represents a fun-damental shift in the way employers will approach injury readiness. It starts with a foundation built upon supplying the right assortment of first aid items based on pos-sible injuries and the appropriate quantity of items based on the number of workers each kit will serve.

One pillar of this foundation is the in-troduction of two distinct classes of first aid kits. Class A kits contain an expanded list of contents designed to offer greater access to the items needed to treat most common types of workplace injuries, such as minor cuts, abrasions and sprains, while Class B kits feature a broader range and quantity of supplies to treat injuries in more complex or high-risk environments. Many of the supplies that had previously been identified as recommendations are now required for both newly designed kits.

Ideally suited for workplaces with 40 or fewer employees and relatively low-risk operations, Class A kits include a total of 71 required items, ranging from adhesive bandages, tape, and scissors to a breath-ing barrier, burn treatments, eyewash, and hand sanitizer. Class B kits include an increased quantity of most Class A items, as well as additional products, such as a padded splint and tourniquet designed to triage serious or life-threatening inju-ries. Often compiled in cabinets, Class B kits offer a more comprehensive selection of emergency supplies that are suitable in heavy manufacturing, foundries, and

other high-hazard environments.

Hazard AssessmentThe other pillar supporting the new standard is the requirement for employ-ers to assess the hazards present and en-sure that additional types and quantities of supplies are made available based on each site’s individual needs. Risk assess-ments can be conducted in a variety of ways, from reviewing BLS and OSHA injury data to employing a medical pro-fessional to evaluate a facility and make recommendations; the best approach is an informed approach and may involve a combination of inputs. This mandated assessment of possible injuries and ap-propriate first response protocols is key to tailoring first aid kits based on each workplace’s unique risk factors.

Remember, the kit meets ANSI Z308. 1-2015 only when the required minimum fill is maintained with first aid products marked “ANSI/ISEA Z308.” To ensure compliance, employers should appoint a safety manager or similar individual with

oversight of first aid kits.From tracking item availability and

expiration dates to conducting monthly inspections and restocking supplies, main-taining kits across facilities can become a sizable task. A popular solution is to out-source such operations to a vendor-man-aged inventory service. The slight increase in costs will pay off in guaranteed compli-ance and preparedness, which can lead to sizable savings in injury outcomes and their associated costs.

Administering the appropriate type of first aid as quickly as possible can make a significant improvement in injury outcome. By complying with the new ANSI standard, employers can support positive outcomes by being prepared for the types of injuries unique to their site and applications. The result is a healthier, safer, and more produc-tive workforce—the very foundation that makes every company great.

Erica Osley is the marketing director for eye, face and head products with Honeywell Industrial Safety.

Circle 28 on card.

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Details and entry form at ohsonline.com

Selected by an independent j udging panel of industry experts

6

Show us your best, and you may be showing off an award!

Enter the 2016 OH&S New Product of the Year Awards

The OH&S New Product of the Year Award is now in its eighth successful year!

The award program honors the outstanding product development achievements of health & safety manufacturers whose products are considered particularly noteworthy in their ability to improve workplace safety.

Visit ohsonline.com to see all the benefits for winners AND entrants!

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www.eponline.com | April 2016

Turning Back the Clock—and Looking Ahead

Saluting Our 2015 New Product of the Year Winners

How Thermal Oxidation Can Increase the Sustainability of a Chemical Plant

www.eponline.com APRIL 2016 | Environmental Protection EP1

0416ohs_EP01_cover_v2.indd 1 3/10/16 12:29 PM

http://www.eponline.com


http://www.1105media.com

EP2 Environmental Protection | APRIL 2016 www.eponline.com

FROM THE EDITOR

www.eponline.comEDITORIAL STAFFEDITOR Jerry LawsE-NEWS EDITOR Brent DirksSENIOR EDITOR Lindsay Page CONTENT DEVELOPMENT Matt Holden

ART STAFFART DIRECTOR Dale Chinn

PRODUCTION STAFFDIRECTOR, PRINT AND ONLINE PRODUCTION David SeymourPRODUCTION COORDINATOR Teresa Antonio

SALES STAFFINTEGRATED MEDIA REPRESENTATIVE-WEST Barbara Blake 972-687-6718

INTEGRATED MEDIA REPRESENTATIVE-EAST Jenna Conwell 610-436-4372

SECURITY, SAFETY, HEALTH & FACILITIES GROUPPRESIDENT & GROUP PUBLISHER Kevin O’GradyGROUP CIRCULATION DIRECTOR Margaret PerryGROUP MARKETING DIRECTOR Susan MayGROUP WEBSITE MANAGER Scott NewhouseGROUP WEBINAR ADMINISTRATOR Tammy RenneGROUP SOCIAL MEDIA EDITOR Matt Holden

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Circle 40 on card.

T his special section in OH&S’ April 2016 issue is our homage to Environmental Protection, a monthly print magazine published by our predecessor company for more than 15 years. Our publishing company, 1105 Media Inc., maintains its www.eponline.com website, and we’re committed to providing top-notch content

there—feature articles, new products, webinars, videos, and more—to help EHS profes-sionals stay abreast of developments in this all-important regulatory arena.

We plan to publish a second EP special section in November 2016 with more articles, including an analysis of the leading presidential candidates’ environmental platforms.

Stay tuned, and do send me your new products, articles, and tips for what we should feature in this November 2016 section. Meanwhile, visit www.eponline.com for news about EPA’s upcoming enforcement initiatives and state environmental agencies’ activities, articles about solving data centers’ EHS challenges and managing commercial chemical products efficiently, and much more.

Jerry Laws ([email protected]) is the editorial director of Environmental Protection.


This month, we’ve included the winning products from the 2015 Environmental Protection New Product of the Year contest and a case study about a company’s use of a centralized direct fired thermal oxidizer to handle liquid and gaseous waste streams.By Jerry Laws

0416ohs_EP02_EdNote_v3.indd 2 3/10/16 12:30 PM








https://eponline.com/pages/new-product-of-the-year.aspx

RECYCLINGThe Bulb Eater 3 with Intelli Technology is the next generation of the Bulb Eater lamp crushing system. Crush straight fluorescent lamps of any length, CFLs, and u-tube lamps into 100% recyclable material while capturing over 99.99% of vapors released. In addition to providing OSHA and ACGIH compliance, the Bulb Eater 3 will reduce labor costs, minimize storage space by up to 80%, and saves up to 50% on recycling costs. Ensure facility compliance, worker safety and protect the environment by crushing your spent lamps. Air Cycle Corporation.CIRCLE 300 ON CARD

SOFTWARE/SAASWebInsight 9.0 saves EH&S profession-als valuable time, eliminating the need to research and reference regulations from multiple sources scattered across numerous websites and/or published in a variety of formats. The intuitive user interface puts global EH&S compliance information at customers’ fingertips and gives them robust search, navigation, visualization, analytics, and regulation tracking capabilities, as well as the most current and relevant industry-spe-cific regulatory content. 3E Company.CIRCLE 301 ON CARD

WASTEWATERFlocculation of sludge in the dewater-ing process is required for efficient wastewater processing. The PolyCat™ is an improved batch-type blending and injection system compared to traditional polymer mixing systems. The PolyCat’s green design uses less energy and less polymer per pound of sludge treated. More efficient dewatering with the PolyCat also means less emissions in-herent to solid waste transportation and disposal, which saves valuable landfill space. ParkUSA.CIRCLE 302 ON CARD

ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION

Many readers of OH&S will remember our Environ-mental Protection magazine, and many of you make use of the information and articles available on its www.eponline.com website and in our Environmental

Protection and Water & Wastewater News e-newsletters. But you may not be aware of the annual New Product of the Year contest, launched several years ago to highlight the environmental indus-try’s latest and greatest product offerings.

We recently recognized six companies, including multiple-cat-egory winners ParkUSA and New Pig Corp., for winning catego-ries in Environmental Protection’s annual contest. Our 2015 contest attracted high-quality, innovative entries in every category, which is one more encouraging sign that the environmental marketplace is dynamic and growing. The competition was especially keen in categories such as health & safety/cleanup and wastewater. An in-dependent panel of three highly qualified judges chose the winners.

The winning products also are featured at https://eponline.com/pages/new-product-of-the-year.aspx.

I congratulate all of the entrants on their fine work and thank

them for participating. We hope they’ll enter our 2016 contest, as well.To be eligible for the 2015 awards, products must have been in-

troduced to the market during the 2015 calendar year. Serving as judges in the contest were:

■ Angela Neville, JD, energy law reporter for the Texas Lawyer newspaper and former editor of Environmental Protection

■ Christopher Pai, a safety management consultant with ME-MIC (Maine Employers’ Mutual Insurance Company)

■ Fred Elliott, a freelance author in Austin, Texas, who writes frequently on occupational safety and environmental protection is-sues for OH&S

Jerry Laws is the editorial director of Environmental Protection, www.eponline.com.

Saluting Our 2015 New Product of the Year WinnersOur 2015 contest attracted high-quality, innovative entries in every category, which is one more encouraging sign that the environmental marketplace is dynamic and growing.BY JERRY LAWS

0416ohs_EP03_04_EPNPOY_v2.indd 3 3/10/16 12:32 PM












AIR QUALITY AND CLIMATE The OdorTrooper™ Interceptor is an ex-haust air treatment system designed for use with wastewater treatment equip-ment that emits hydrogen sulfide, VOCs, and other noxious gases. The Odor-Trooper was developed to fill the need for an invisible, aesthetically pleasing solution. Common applications include pump stations and wastewater treat-ment plants. The pre-packaged system is placed underground adjacent to the odor-producing equipment. Exhausted air is piped through the OdorTrooper’s activated carbon canisters, absorbing organic impurities. The resulting air vented into the environment is safe, clean, and free from odor. ParkUSA.CIRCLE 303 ON CARD

WATEROnset announced the HOBO MX2001, the industry’s first water level data logger designed for convenient wire-less setup and download from mobile devices via Bluetooth Low Energy. The MX2001 dramatically simplifies and lowers the cost of field data collection by providing wireless access to high-accuracy water level and temperature measurements right from a mobile phone or tablet. Researchers no longer need to take a laptop computer out to the field or pull data loggers out of a well to download data. And, no Internet access is necessary; the logger and mo-bile device are all that’s required. Onset Computer Corporation. CIRCLE 304 ON CARD

HEALTH & SAFETY/CLEANUPEXAIR’s High Lift Reversible Drum Vac is ideal for the recovery of fluids like: coolant, hydraulic oils, sludge and chips, wastewater, tramp oil, and liquid spills. The High Lift Reversible Drum Vac has been engineered to recover liquids found within below-grade sumps, wells, underground tanks, pits, and drains with up to 15’ of lift. The powerful vacuum can fill a 55-gallon drum in just 85 seconds from 15’ and, with the turn of a knob, the same stainless steel pump can quickly empty the drum. High Lift Reversible Drum Vac Systems include the two-way pump assembly, 20’ (3m) flexible vacuum hose (1-1/2”/38mm I.D.) with 90-degree quick release elbow connection and one aluminum wand. EXAIR Corporation.CIRCLE 305 ON CARD

NEW TECHNOLOGY - INDUSTRYNew Pig’s Battery Acid Spill Kit in Cart is prepacked with everything needed to respond to a battery acid spill: PIG Battery Acid Encapsulating and Neu-tralizing Mats, Loose and Socks; PIG Battery Acid Cleaner and Neutralizer Wipes; disposal bags and cleanup tools; gloves, goggles, faceshield/headgear; instructions. The cart is highly portable with 8-inch wheels and is high-visibility yellow for easy locating in the event of a spill. The cart features swing-out doors, prepacked shelves, and compart-ments that allow for easy access to all materials. The cart is also lockable for security. New Pig.CIRCLE 306 ON CARD

WASTEThe ZooTrooper™ Interceptor is a wastewater solids separator specifically designed for animal habitats such as zoo enclosures, livestock barns, and pet kennels. The ZooTrooper unit features a compact and efficient design that separates organic solid wastes from the sewer-bound wastewater. The unique, robust design allows for easy end-user maintenance and reduces expensive third-party pump-out costs. The Zoo-Trooper’s green design alleviates emis-sions inherent to waste transportation and disposal, saving valuable landfill space. The organic solids are simply collected and composted for on-site landscaping use. ParkUSA.CIRCLE 307 ON CARD

ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENTNew Pig introduces the PIG Spill Re-sponse Tactics Training DVD. The film allows for spill control training straight from the experts. The original content is presented in easy-to-understand ways. The language is plain and allows the learner to remember content in high-pressure situations. The disc includes 15 modules lasting from two to six minutes each. The fast-paced training is informative, educational, and entertain-ing. The content is focused on inciden-tal spills of 55 gallons or less, but the tactics and practices could be applied to spills of any size. New Pig.CIRCLE 308 ON CARD

0416ohs_EP03_04_EPNPOY_v2.indd 4 3/10/16 12:32 PM









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EMISSIONS CONTROLS


I nstalling new production processes or upgrading and expanding existing lines requires a review of the expected emissions. The right emission con-trol system for Hazardous Air Pollutants (HAPs)

and Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) can help efficiently and economically dispose of these environ-mentally hazardous wastes. Over the last 20 years, as emission limits have tightened and authorities have taken a more “holistic” plant-wide approach to air permits, the trend in the chemical processing indus-try has been to collect multiple waste streams plant wide for control in a single thermal oxidation system, despite the required additional source ducting and piping. This trend has been driven by an array of fac-tors, including:

■ Rising fossil fuel prices■ Tightening of emission limits for VOCs, HAPs,

NOx, and CO■ Goals for the reduction of a plant’s carbon

footprint■ Increasing cost for disposal of organic waste

liquids■ Minimizing the number of control systems to

be maintained and points of emission monitoring and testing

All of these are key for companies increasingly committed to energy-efficient, sustainable produc-tion. The benefits of a single, centralized thermal oxi-dation system can be best illustrated with a case study on the experience of a plant that recently added emis-sion controls to many existing production processes.

Two types of thermal oxidizers are most frequently applied in the chemical processing industry: regenera-tive thermal oxidizers (RTOs) and direct fired thermal oxidizers (DFTOs), also known as afterburners. RTOs offer high thermal efficiency and very low fuel re-quirements for plants that generate dilute air streams contaminated with low concentrations of VOCs and HAPs. However, a DFTO is the best choice when:

■ Production processes demand steam energy■ Required destruction efficiency is greater than

99.5 percent■ Highly caloric off gases with low oxygen must

be handled■ High loading of halogenated or sulfurous

compounds are expected (acid generators)■ Destruction of waste liquids is neededMany excellent guides and articles address the se-

lection process between different types of oxidizers. This paper focuses on the DFTO exclusively.

A company manufacturing organic intermediates for the pharmaceutical and fertilizer industry de-cided to install a direct fired thermal oxidizer system to handle all liquid and gaseous waste streams from their many small to mid-size process reactors and storage tank vents. The DFTO is designed to handle a wide range of wastes, including organic compounds containing halogens, sulfur, and nitrogen. The system consists of the required liquid pipe trains and storage tanks, process off gas pipe trains including explosion protection equipment, oxidation chamber, fire tube waste heat steam boiler, economizer, scrubber for acid gas removal, selective catalytic reduction (SCR) sys-tem for NOx removal, an induced draft system fan, and stack including emission monitoring system.

Components in a modular DFTO system can be selected based upon the waste stream contaminants.

Waste Liquids and Off Gas SourcesThe liquid wastes are accumulated from a number of sources across the plant and collected in a storage tank. The small storage tank was sized to accommo-date the effluents from periodic tank cleaning pro-cesses. At this particular plant, all of the waste liquids are purely organic and have a consistent high caloric value, which allows them to be fired directly through the thermal oxidizer’s dual fuel burner system. After start-up, these systems can run entirely on the waste liquid fuel. Although not needed at this facility, a sec-ond system is sometimes used to collect liquid wastes with low or inconsistent caloric value or high water

How Thermal Oxidation Can Increase the Sustainability of a Chemical PlantFor this manufacturer of organic chemicals operating many smaller processes, a single centralized thermal oxidizer system was the most cost-effective path to expand production while meeting new emission controls requirements.BY JON HOMMES

DÜRR SYSTEM

S, INC.

0416ohs_EP05_07_EP_DÜRR_v3.indd 5 3/10/16 12:36 PM


EMISSIONS CONTROLS


content. These wastes are atomized into the oxidation chamber adjacent to the burner through secondary injection lances.

In addition to the liquid wastes, a total of six process off gas streams are controlled by the thermal oxidizer system. Each off gas is handled by an independent control train and injected separately into the oxidation chamber. One stream is drawn from nitro-gen-blanketed storage tanks using a blower, designed to handle potentially explosive gases, to maintain a slight negative pres-sure. The remaining streams come from process reactors under pressure and can be routed to the oxidation chamber without blowers. The volume of off gas and VOC caloric content of each stream is highly variable, especially for several batch reac-tors and for the storage tanks that vent the most VOC during filling operations. These large variations of flow and loading lead to the first major benefit of a single, central-ized DFTO system.

Multiple skid-mounted off gas piping control trains.During preliminary engineering of

the emission controls, consideration was given to multiple, smaller DFTO systems installed local to each process gas source. This arrangement has the advantage of minimizing the cost of the off gas collec-tion system duct work and keeping each process fully independent. However, as the off gas sources were analyzed, it was deter-mined that each DFTO would need to be designed for the peak off gas volume and caloric content required for that source under start-up or upset conditions, result-ing in large oxidizer size. Furthermore, the much lower “normal” off gas flow is then difficult to handle efficiently in the large ox-idizer. Designing for this high turndown is especially challenging for the several batch reactor processes.

Bringing all of these off gas streams to a single, centralized DFTO makes it possible to design for the peak VOC loading on sev-eral, but not necessarily all, processes simul-taneously. This reduces overall system size

and capital cost, while improving turndown and DFTO efficiency under normal opera-tion. The availability of the organic waste liquids to the centralized DFTO also has a stabilizing effect on operation as the stor-age tank allows injection of liquids to cease during periods of maximum off gas load-ing (while collection in the tank continues) and to resume providing supplemental heat during periods of low off gas loading.

The overall impact of the centralized DFTO is a significant reduction in natural gas (or other supplemental fuel) usage and thus the plant’s utility budget. By minimiz-ing supplemental fuel usage, a correspond-ing reduction in the plant’s carbon foot-print is achieved. Whether greenhouse gas (GHG) emission reductions are mandated, as they are in Europe, or whether they are voluntary, this is an increasingly important consideration for many companies.

Process SteamMany chemical plants generate and use steam on site for various process and heating requirements. The flue gas from a DFTO oxidation chamber is a source of high-quality waste heat at 1,600 to 2,200 degrees F that is easily convertible to satu-rated or superheated steam to supplement the facility’s gas, oil, or coal-fired boilers and reduce their fossil fuel usage. To do this, the refractory lined oxidation cham-ber of the DFTO is simply transitioned to mate with the boiler inlet.

Numerous considerations affect the boiler design and selection, including:

■ The desired steam pressure■ Requirement for superheated steam■ Presence of halogens or sulfur that

generate acid gases■ The presence of silicon, phosphorous,

metals, and other dust-forming compoundsIn this case, the system includes a fire

tube waste heat boiler to generate medium-pressure saturated steam, followed by a super-heater and an economizer for preheat of boiler feed water. High concentrations of hydrochloric and hydrobromic acid in the oxidizer flue gas result in a design that limits the heat recovery in the economizer to keep the outlet temperature above acid dew point under all operating scenarios. In addition, due to the distance from the facility’s main boiler house, the system included a boiler feed water tank with redundant pumps and a deaerator for returning condensate.

Once again, a single, centralized DFTO when compared to multiple local units is significantly more beneficial. To achieve the same steam production, the capital cost is much lower for a single waste heat boiler system with high utilization than for multiple boilers connected to local-ized DFTOs. Waste heat boilers for local-ized DFTOs must be designed and sized for the peak flow and heat load from each oxidizer but will normally operate at just a fraction of that design capacity. It is obvi-ous that the boilers themselves are capital intensive, but a single centralized waste heat boiler also minimizes installation costs associated with piping for boiler feed water, steam supply, and blow down. The num-ber of boiler start-up and shutdown cycles is reduced, increasing the longevity of the equipment and minimizing the time de-mands on boiler operators. The net effect is an improvement in the payback that justi-fies waste heat recovery as steam. By choos-ing to recover waste heat, the plant further reduced its overall fossil fuel consumption and carbon footprint.

Acid ScrubberAfter exiting the economizer, the flue gas is directed to a quench and acid scrubber. The quench cools and saturates the flue gas stream with water spray nozzles and flooded walls. The quench discharges the flue gas and water into the base of a vertical flow, packed column scrubber where HCl, Cl2, HBr, Br2, HF, and SO2 are absorbed and neutralized with NaOH solution. The scrubber removes over 99 percent of these contaminants; however, taller columns and multiple stages can be used to achieve greater than 99.9 percent removal. Fifty percent NaOH is available as a utility at this facility and feeds a day-tank from which re-dundant pumps dose it into the recirculat-ed scrubber wash water to control the pH.

The waste liquid and three of the six off gas streams currently contain halogens requiring scrubbing downstream of the oxidizer, with the vast majority coming from methylene chloride in the waste liquid. Prior to installation of the new DFTO system, these halogenated liquids were transferred to tanker trucks and disposed of off site at significant expense ($0.20 to $0.50 per gal-lon). As with the waste heat boiler, adding a scrubber to the single centralized DFTO sys-tem has a significant capital cost advantage



www.eponline.com EP7

over scrubbing on multiple smaller units.

Typical quench and acid scrubber after a DFTO.

Selective Catalytic Reduction of NOx In recent years, regulatory authorities have focused more and more on reducing NOx emissions from combustion processes, and oxi-dizers are no exception. In the case of a boiler or process heater, the majority of NOx emissions form as “thermal NOx” from N2 in the flame front of gas- and oil-fired burners. In the case under study here, the vast majority of the expected NOx comes from the oxida-tion of amines and other VOCs containing nitrogen in the plant’s off gases and waste liquids. Several alternative approaches for NOx reduction were evaluated, including non-catalytic reduction in the oxidation chamber, before selective catalytic reduction (SCR) was chosen based on the high conversion efficiency required to meet the very low emission targets. SCR also offers the advantage that the cat-alyst used to reduce NOx also favors the destruction of trace dioxins

and furans formed during the oxidation of chlorinated compounds.Because the flue gas exiting the scrubber is saturated and con-

tains trace acids, the SCR system begins with a pre-heater module to raise the flue gas temperature above its dew point by mixing a small volume of hot air recirculated from downstream. This mod-ule is constructed in alloys resistant to chloride corrosion. The DFTO system’s redundant draft fans follow the pre-heater and are operated on variable frequency drives to maintain a pressure in the oxidation chamber slightly negative to atmosphere. The flue gas then enters a recuperative heat exchanger that recovers heat from the SCR outlet (the reduction process is exothermic) to bring the

flue gas up to reduction temperature. Finally, an aqueous ammo-nia reducing agent is sprayed into the stream, metered precisely to match the measured incoming NOx, before the flue gas enters the catalyst beds, where greater than 95 percent of the NOx is convert-ed to N2 and H2O. The flue gas then passes through the other side of the heat exchanger on its way to the system stack, where it exhausts to atmosphere at about 200 degrees F. Continuous emissions moni-toring equipment in the stack, as required by the plant’s air permit, tracks exhaust concentrations of total hydrocarbon, hydrochloric acid, and NOx to confirm proper operation of the system.

The low NOx emission required for this system was another factor in the selection of a single, centralized DFTO system; the SCR system is capital intensive, including expensive precious metal catalyst, heat exchanger, and flue gas analyzers. The DFTO system benefited the company by:

■ Maximizing the destruction efficiency of VOCs and HAPs■ Reducing NOx emissions well below the permit limits■ Eliminating expenses for off-site waste liquid disposal■ Reducing fuel demand by using wastes to generate steam■ Minimizing maintenance costs by installing one system

Jon Hommes was an Engineer in the Clean Technology Systems busi-ness unit of Dürr Systems, Inc. in Southfield, Mich., for more than 19 years. Contact Dürr Systems at 248-450-2000, email [email protected], or www.durr-cleantechnology.com.

(800) 488-0230www.anguil.com

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Circle 41 on card.

Diagram of a Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) system for NOx control.



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www.eponline.com | April 2016


Saluting Our 2015 New Product of the Year Winners

How Thermal Oxidation Can Increase the Sustainability of a Chemical Plant

www.eponline.com april 2016 | Environmental Protection Ep1

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B illions of dollars are spent every year by American companies in relation to work-place accidents, very little of that covered by insurance. When medical, legal, and

productivity costs are taken into effect, an average ac-cident is in the neighborhood of $40,000.1

June 2015 gave many companies a much-needed wakeup call when OSHA announced a crackdown on health care facilities because of an epidemic of pre-ventable injuries among workers. Companies of all sizes are realizing that one of their best investments is in the area of workplace safety.

Today, more and more companies are implement-ing safety communications as a core value. This focus toward a safety-centric workplace is improving not only employee morale, but also the bottom line. The Liberty Mutual Workplace Safety Index reported that for every $1 a company invests in workplace safety, the result amounts to a $4 return on investment. (This comes through workers’ comp, lost time, efficiency, legal, etc.)2

Fostering a truly safety-centric workplace en-vironment begins from within. Proper procedures and methods need to be outlined and implemented by supervisors taking the time and necessary steps to ingrain a safety-centric mentality in their em-ployees. Workers must be able to trust that their leaders have safety as the number one priority, over profits, and that they can report to them if they no-tice any unsafe activity.

This type of behavior does not happen overnight. A successful transition to a safety-centric workplace culture takes time and, in order for this transition to take place, companies cannot pick and choose which safety procedures to enforce—consistency is key.

The Evolution of Safety CommunicationsCommunication is the most effective tool in any face of business, and workplace safety is no exception. In order for a truly safety-centric workplace to be in ef-fect, safety hazards, area guidelines, rules, regulations, warnings, goals, and progress reports must be made to employees across an array of media.

With a workforce that is more distributed and more mobile than ever before, supervisors are facing extreme communication barriers. Relying on tradi-tional, static poster boards stating “x number of days since an accident,” outdated signs, and the occasional meetings can only do so much. Due to its static na-

ture, employees will only pay attention to a sign for so long before their attention starts to drift. It is because of this drift that the static poster nestled in the corner for 16 years displaying all of the rules and regulations for that particular area is seemingly meaningless.

Much like the general population, companies need to embrace the digital age when it comes to safety communication. More and more businesses are adapting a new sense of safety culture by using digital signage that provides them with the ability to reach their entire workforce via digital displays, desktop communications, and handheld devices.

By embracing these digital means of communica-tions, companies now have the ability to reach up to 100 percent of employees—whether they are in a field 100 miles away or at their desk in the corporate office. Software exists that collects, analyzes, and prepares data to display on an array of media. This information used in real time creates a safer and more productive workplace, keeping every employee up to date.

Providing an efficient and effective way to provide regular updates on employee and safety performance is one of many advantages from embracing digital sig-nage for safety communications. By turning that static “days since last incident” sign that rarely gets updated into a dynamic, highly visible counter on a digital sign goes a long way toward reinforcing a metric that em-ployees appreciate and recognize as important.

Due to the fact that many companies have a di-verse and global workforce, an often-overlooked area of effective safety communication is the neces-sity to transcend language barriers. It is imperative that messages be highly visible, easy to read, and color coded. All employees need to be connected at any given time for a company to truly become a safety-centric workplace.

Effective safety communications and consistent connectivity can be the key to saving lives. According to OSHA, the top 10 areas for which citations are is-sued include forklifts, Hazard Communication, exits, respiratory protection, lockout/tagout, and portable fire extinguishers. Many of these can be avoided if the proper safety program is in place: proper training, highly visible and adaptable signage, proper imple-mentation of equipment, and an effective action plan.3

In 1987, newly named Alcoa CEO Paul O’Neill saw the connection of safety and the bottom line and implemented an effective safety communications plan. After just one year with O’Neill as CEO, Alcoa boasted record high profits. During O’Neill’s 13-year tenure, lost work days per 100 workers went from 1.82 to 0.2—an astounding decrease of 89 percent—and Alcoa’s annual net income was five times higher than when he started.4

Safety Communications for Today’s WorkforceIn order for this transition to take place, com-panies cannot pick and choose which safety procedures to enforce—consistency is key. BY STEVEN CHANG

0416ohs_035_036_Chang_v3.indd 35 3/11/16 12:35 PM



36

The Benefits of Real-Time MessagingCompanies that already have embraced digital technology in re-gard to safety communications and achieved a truly safety-centric workplace have taken the necessary proactive steps to ensure their employees, and their bottom line, stay positive. Digital signage can be updated in real time, which comes in handy if inclement weath-er is imminent, for emergency alerts, and equipment reminders.

Digital signage engineers and designers take a multitude of re-quirements into account when developing their message, such as the audience’s motivations, goals, and feelings. With these insights, they can truly develop an effective tool. By having the ability to quantify employee progress and display data in real time utilizing digital signage, companies can gamify work behaviors. Plain data can be less boring when viewed as a game, and the friendly com-petition allows companies to see an increase in productivity and motivation in their employees.

Yu-kai Chou, a pioneer in the area of gamification, defines gam-ification as “the craft of deriving fun and addicting elements found in games and applying them to real-world or productive activities.” Gamification in the workplace fosters an employee base that feels more engaged with their work. This is because the resulting data can be used make them feel good (intrinsic reward) and allow them to be rewarded for their achievements (extrinsic reward).

By giving employees a goal they can achieve and monitor in real time, they will be much more engaged at what they do and be happier to help the company succeed. It has been proven that companies with higher employee engagement often outperform

their competitors.

The TakeawayBy accepting this new wave of technological advancements, the workplace is able to thrive. Safety messages can effectively reach every employee, remote or on site, and proactive measures can be implemented effectively before problems become severe. A safety-centric workplace begins with the company culture and taking the steps to achieve goals. Digital signage is a step in the right direction.

Given the connections between displaying real-time data, in-creased productivity, increased moral, and a better bottom line, it is no wonder companies are implementing safety communications as a core value. The days of often-overlooked static messages are over; the future is in digital signage that breaks through the noise, over-comes short attention spans, and motivates and influences positive behavior.

Senior Vice President of Strategy and Solutions Steve Chang oversees the strategic direction and expansion of RMG Networks Intelligent Visual Communications solutions (Addison, Texas).

REFERENCES1. http://www.bls.gov/news.release/osh.nr0.htm

2. http://www.asse.org/professionalaffairs/action/return-on-investment-for-safety/

3. Murray, M. (n.d.). Warehouse Safety — About OSHA Standards

4. (O’Donnell, 2015)

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FOOT PROTECTION

T he idea of foot protection can cover different areas when one is talking about occupation footwear. Sources of such differences are the differences in the kinds of work that fall

within the general category of occupational footwear. The standard features of protective footwear and the ones most likely to come to mind are the ones that are required by employers or are considered prudent to have within a given work environment. General-ly, these types of protection are accompanied by the American Society for Testing of Materials (ASTM) rating that signifies that the footwear meets or exceeds specific measures when tested under controlled labo-ratory conditions.

The major types of protection covered by ASTM ratings are:

1. Safety-Toe. All safety-toe footwear must meet or exceed the specific ASTM measures for impact and compression. The caps themselves can vary in terms of material composition, the most popular type be-ing the traditional steel cap. However, both aluminum

alloy and composite (plastic resin) caps are used be-cause they are less heavy, while composite caps have the added benefit of not conducting heat or cold, thus enhancing internal foot comfort. Recent develop-ments in nanotechnology that features carbon fiber have made it possible to make composite caps that are even lighter and more comfortable because they are less bulky.

2. Met guard. Footwear that has a met guard built onto (external) or into (internal) them are rated by ASTM to help protect the top and particularly meta-tarsal areas of the foot from the drop hazards. Typical occupations that tend to employ met guard footwear are foundry workers, pipefitters, and even some types of warehouse jobs. External met guards are the tradi-tional and original form of this kind of protection and tend to be bulky, however, with the more advanced types of polymers, met guards that were ASTM rated could be built inside the footwear, giving the wearer a less bulky and more comfortable fit.

3. Electrical. Many occupational types of foot-wear come with an electrical rating. The majority of these are rated EH for electrical hazard. This type of footwear is designed to reduce the danger due to ac-cidental contact with live electrical current (in effect, the footwear inhibits grounding of the electrical cur-rent). More specialized than EH footwear is the SD rating, which seeks to reduce the accumulation of static electricity by conducting the electrical charge to the ground in a regulated manner while still pro-tecting the wearer of electrical hazards. This type of footwear is typically used in occupations where the discharge of static buildup can cause problems to machinery (assembly line robotics) or individuals

Comfort, Quality, Durability: Keys to Effective ProtectionNot all occupational footwear that is protective involves formal ASTM ratings and testing procedures. Three of the most important of these are waterproof, insulated, and slip-resistant footwear.BY ROGER HUARD

WO

LVERINE BRAN

D

Both aluminum alloy and composite (plastic resin) caps are used because they are less heavy, while composite caps have the added benefit of not conducting heat or cold, thus enhancing internal foot comfort.

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FOOT PROTECTION


(paint booth operators).Finally, and perhaps most rare, is footwear that is rated CD for

conductive. In this case, one is enhancing the conductivity of the footwear so that any static electrical building up is grounded and discharged. Places for this type of footwear are ammunition and/or powder plants.

4. Puncture Resistance. Finally, there are types of protective footwear that are ASTM rated for PR—puncture resistance. The goal here is to reduce the danger of any puncture wounds to the bottom of foot, such as stepping on an exposed nailed. Footwear of this type generally has a protective steel plate or a layered aramid fabric insole. The steel option is the more original and traditional type of protection. The layered fabrics offer the same protection with less weight and greater flexibility.

Not all occupational footwear that is protective involves formal ASTM ratings and testing procedures. Three of the most important of these are waterproof, insulated and slip-resistant footwear.

1. Waterproof. The ability to build effective non-rubber wa-terproof footwear is a relative new development. The central breakthrough in this area came with the invention of reliable waterproof membranes that can be built into the footwear. The

first and most familiar of these is the Goretex membrane. These days, there are a variety of reliable waterproof membranes in the market. It is important to note, however, that waterproof protec-tion as such is not regulated in the United States by any agreed-upon standards such as ASTM ratings. It is important to find out as much about the footwear as possible whether from a retailer, website, or product reviews.

2. Insulation. Boots that provide insulation against cold envi-ronments can be effective. Usually they are insulated with a brand-ed insulation material such as Thinsulate or Primaloft or use a ge-neric or proprietary material. There are a couple of considerations one should look at when buying insulated boots. What will be the end use? Insulated boots come in a variety of insulation levels, but sometimes they are not expressed in the gram weight of the materi-al. Lighter levels are more appropriate for occupations where there is regular and constant activity. Higher levels are recommended if the wearer will be less active and more stationary. The other con-sideration is that if the footwear is going to have a safety toe in it, a composite cap is recommended because it will not conduct cold, as steel will.

3. Slip Resistance. There is greater and greater interest within the occupational safety field in protecting individuals from slipping in the workplace. These concerns have the most application to en-vironments that have smooth walking surfaces, especially ones that are or can become wet. Generally speaking, protective footwear that is labelled SR is usually built to enhance traction and reduce slippage on smooth and or slick surfaces. Much as with the wa-terproof designations, there is no formal standard, nor is there an agreed-upon test method in the United States that defines SR. In-formally speaking, the litmus test of an SR sole in the USA has been a .4 result on a Mark II testing for oily-wet surfaces. Most reputable manufacturers of SR footwear either list or provide slip resistance test results. Achieving good SR results is normally a function of a combination of using specially formulated slip resistant compound (usually but not always rubber based) and outsole design (surface contact, texture, and leading edges being important).

These are the basic types of footwear protection. It should also be said that two other components are relevant to this topic. One is the overall comfort of the footwear. Though not related directly to safety or protection it needs to be noted that with advances in mod-ern materials and shoe making one does not have to trade complete comfort for protection. Finally, factors that relate directly to foot-wear protection are quality and durability. All of the types of pro-tection we have talked about require that the piece of footwear is in “working” condition. Wear and tear eventually compromises the integrity of all protective footwear. Knowing the right protection for your needs, coupled with considerations about comfort, dura-bility, and quality, will create the best conditions for an informed choice about what footwear to buy.

Roger Huard is the Vice President of Product Development for Wolverine, a company dedicated to the design of innovative work footwear with superior comfort and durability for more than a cen-tury. Today, Wolverine offers a full line of footwear, apparel, and accessories for work, casual and rugged outdoor lifestyles. For more information, visit wolverine.com.

Protective footwear that is labelled SR is usually built to enhance traction and reduce slippage on smooth and or slick surfaces.

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FOOT PROTECTION

F or most Americans who require safety foot-wear, the first prerequisite when choosing a suitable safety boot is comfort. Seems obvious enough that it’s a logical thought process, es-

pecially when you’re on your feet for 12 hours a day, five days or more a week—for 48 weeks a year. If we calculate that out, it’s 2,880 hours a year. Over a con-servative estimate of a 30-year career, that’s a total of 86,400 hours on your feet.

So, yes, it’s an obvious conclusion, but what do people know about their feet to make an informed decision? Every able person has one pair for their life-time, so it’s important to self-educate yourself with the following facts:

■ The foot contains 26 bones, 33 joints, 107 liga-ments, and 19 muscles.

■ One-quarter of all of the bones in the human body are down in your feet. When these bones are out of alignment, so is the rest of the body, which can cause ankle, knee, hip, and spine fatigue and injury.

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FOOT PROTECTION


■ Ensure your safety footwear is comfortable. Good-quality, well-fitted safety footwear should not be uncomfortable and will need very little breaking-in time.

■ A wearer’s two feet may be different sizes. Buy shoes for the larger one. Generally, your feet will swell during the day after pro-longed periods on your feet. Always try on boots at the end of the shift if possible.

■ The average person takes 8,000 to 10,000 steps a day, which adds up to about 115,000 miles over a lifetime. That’s enough to go around the circumference of the earth four times.

■ Only a small percentage of the population is born with foot problems. These arise because of neglect and a lack of aware-ness of proper care—including ill-fitting shoes, lack of underfoot support, and comfort.

■ Women have about four times as many foot problems as men. High heels are partly to blame, but also the serious lack of legitimate female fitting options available in the safety footwear market. Do your research, ladies!

■ Recognize that comfortable safety footwear will reduce fa-tigue and keep you fresher and alert longer. Accidents and injuries occur when you are tired, so make sure your footwear isn’t a con-tributing factor.

■ Your feet mirror your general health. Conditions such as ar-thritis, diabetes, and nerve and circulatory disorders can show their initial symptoms in the feet, so foot ailments can be your first sign of more serious medical problems.

■ Arthritis is the number one cause of disability in America. It limits everyday dressing, climbing stairs, getting in and out of bed, or walking for about 7 million Americans.

■ About 60-70 percent of people with diabetes have mild to severe forms of diabetic nerve damage, which in severe forms can lead to lower limb amputations. Approximately 56,000 people a year lose their foot or leg to diabetes.

■ There are 250,000 sweat glands in a pair of feet. Sweat glands in the feet excrete as much as a half pint of moisture a day.

■ Ensure the right footwear is used for the right job. There are many brands, designs, and types of safety footwear available. Ask the manufacturer or supplier to advise on the correct foot-wear for use.

Many Footwear Options Are AvailableReviewing the above facts reinstates the importance of having comfortable boots to look after feet, as well as your overall body health. The safety footwear market was slow to react but, to its credit over the past 20 years, an explosion of options have entered the market to provide a variety of choice to take care of consum-ers’ overall body health.

Cushioning underfoot reduces pressures, impacts, and shocks. In turn, this reduces stress injuries to ankles, knees, hips, and spine and eliminates arch, heel, and ball of foot pain. Polyurethane introduced to the midsole reduces the weight without compromising durability, which in turn helps to reduce overall fatigue.

A large variety of different foot beds are now available to ade-quately align the foot by cradling and dispersing the pressure even-ly. As you walk, this reduces the stress and strain onto your lower body. Breathable linings serve to alleviate foot fungal diseases and ailments by keeping feet as cool and dry as possible. Simple ergo-nomic improvements to safety toe caps have allowed feet to sit in their relaxed, comfortable, and natural state.

Safety footwear has an enormous influence on the way feet move, yet so many overlook the importance of a proper well-cushioned boot. The body uses natural methods to decrease the forces of impact and absorb shock in the lower part of the body. Generally, it is considered that a boot is required to reduce the forces further.

Be smart and, remember, you only have one pair of feet for your life. Underfoot comfort needs to be the first consideration when choosing your next pair of safety boots.

Steve Nash is the vice president of sales –Americas for Steel Blue, https://steelblue.com/, an Australian company that launched its safety footwear product line in 1995.

Recognize that comfortable safety footwear will reduce fatigue and keep you fresher and alert longer. Accidents and injuries occur when you are tired.

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IH/GAS MONITORING


C arbon dioxide (C02) is a byproduct of com-bustion, as well as a result of the metabolic process in living organisms. Because carbon dioxide is a result of human metabolism,

concentrations within a building often are used to in-dicate whether adequate fresh air is being supplied to the space. Moderate to high levels of carbon dioxide can cause headaches and fatigue, and higher concen-trations can produce nausea, dizziness, and vomiting. Loss of consciousness can occur at extremely high concentrations. To prevent or reduce high concentra-tions of carbon dioxide in a building or room, fresh air should be supplied to the area.

Carbon DioxideAt room temperature, carbon dioxide is a colorless, odorless, faintly acidic-tasting, non-flammable gas. Carbon dioxide is a byproduct of normal cell function and is removed from the body via the lungs in the ex-haled air. Carbon dioxide is also produced when fossil fuels are burned.

Surface soils can sometimes contain high con-centrations of this gas from decaying vegetation or chemical changes in the bedrock. Depending on the temperature and pressure, carbon dioxide also can ex-ist as a liquid or a solid. Exposure to carbon dioxide

can produce a variety of health effects. These may in-clude headaches, dizziness, restlessness, a tingling or pins or needles feeling, difficulty breathing, sweating, tiredness, and increased heart rate.

Carbon dioxide levels and potential health prob-lems are indicated below:

■ 250-350 ppm: background (normal) outdoor air level

■ 350-1,000 ppm: typical level found in occupied spaces with good air exchange

■ 1,000-2,000 ppm: level associated with com-plaints of drowsiness and poor air

■ 2,000-5,000 ppm: level associated with head-aches, sleepiness, and stagnant, stale, stuffy air; poor concentration, loss of attention, increased heart rate, and slight nausea also may be present.

■ >5,000 ppm: This indicates unusual air condi-tions where high levels of other gases also could be present. Toxicity or oxygen deprivation could occur. This is the permissible exposure limit for daily work-place exposures.

■ >40,000 ppm: This level is immediately harm-ful due to oxygen deprivation.

Sick Building Syndrome Sick building syndrome (SBS) is used to describe a situation in which the occupants of a building experi-ence acute health or comfort-related effects that seem to be linked directly to the time spent in the building, though no specific illness or cause can be identified. Building occupants complain of symptoms associated with acute discomfort (e.g., headache; eye, nose, or throat irritation; dry cough; dry or itchy skin; dizzi-ness and nausea; difficulty in concentrating; fatigue; and sensitivity to odors).

When building designers started to make build-ings more airtight with less outdoor air ventilation in order to improve energy efficiency, it was found the ventilation was inadequate to maintain the health and comfort of building occupants. The amount of carbon dioxide in a building is usually related to how much fresh air is being brought into that building; in general, the higher the concentration of carbon di-oxide in the building, the lower the amount of fresh air exchange.

Consequently, analyzing levels of carbon dioxide in indoor air can reveal whether the heating, ven-tilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) systems are operating within standard guidelines. In approxi-mately 500 indoor air quality (IAQ) investigations in the last decade, the National Institute for Occu-pational Safety and Health found that 52 percent of the indoor air quality problems were related to inadequate ventilation.

Carbon Dioxide Detection and Indoor Air Quality ControlCarbon dioxide gas detectors can utilize an automated background calibration program to set the clean air level on a regular basis.BY STEVE BONINO

AERION

ICS, INC.

Health effects of elevated CO2 can include headaches, sleepiness, poor concentration, loss of attention, increased heart rate, and slight nausea.

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In order to have an acceptable indoor air quality with a mini-mum energy consumption, The American Society of Heating, Re-frigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE) revised ventilation standards to minimum outdoor air flow rates to avoid the problems related to inadequate ventilation.

ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 62.1-2013 Ventilation for Acceptable IAQThe purpose of this standard is to specify minimum ventilation rates and other measures intended to provide acceptable IAQ and that minimize adverse health effects. It is intended for regulatory application to new buildings, additions, and changes to existing buildings and to be used as a guide for the improvement of IAQ in existing buildings. This standard applies to all spaces intended for human occupancy, except those within single-family houses, mul-tifamily structures of three stories or fewer above grade, vehicles, and aircraft. Ventilation requirements of this standard are based on chemical, physical, and biological contaminants that can affect air quality. Additional requirements for laboratory, industrial, health care, and other spaces may be dictated by workplace and other standards, as well as by the processes occurring within the space.

Demand Control VentilationA demand control ventilation (DCV) system is an integral part of a building’s ventilation design. It adjusts outside ventilation air based on the number of occupants and the ventilation demands

that those occupants create. It is a ventilation system capability that provides for the automatic reduction of outdoor air intake be-low design rates when the actual occupancy of spaces served by the system is less than design occupancy. The ASHRAE Standard 62.1-2013 permits an HVAC system to change the outdoor air in-take as operating conditions change based on occupancy. There are several ways to assess ventilation demand: occupancy sched-ules, which allow a building automation system to predict the current population based on the time of day; occupancy sensors, which detect the presence or number of people in each monitored zone; and carbon dioxide sensors, which monitor the concentra-tion of carbon dioxide that is produced continuously by the occu-pants and diluted by the outdoor air. Regardless of which method is used, DCV strategies attempt to vary the outdoor-air intake in response to the current population.

When a space is vacant, there is no occupant-related pollution, so the occupant-related ventilation rate is not needed. Many types of high-occupancy spaces, such as classrooms or lobbies, have ventilation designed for a high peak occupancy that rarely occurs. Ventilation can be reduced during the many hours of operation when spaces are vacant or at lower than peak occupancy.

Components that control outside air are already required in most systems. These components can include an economizer or air makeup unit with modulating dampers. Other components needed for DCV are control sensors to measure occupancy and a controller programmed to communicate either directly with the

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economizer controller or with a central control system. Though oc-cupancy can be measured in several ways, carbon dioxide sensing is the most common method.

Carbon Dioxide DetectionCO2 gas detectors can provide detection and automatic ventilation control for conference rooms, classrooms, etc. The outdoor con-centration of carbon dioxide can vary from 250-400 parts per mil-lion (ppm) or higher in areas with vehicle high traffic or industrial activity. The indoor CO2 level depends upon the number of people present, how long an area has been occupied, the amount of out-door fresh air entering the area, and other factors. Carbon dioxide concentrations indoors can vary from several hundred parts per million to over 1,000 ppm in areas with many people present for an extended period and where fresh air ventilation is limited. Out-door “fresh” air ventilation is important because it can dilute car-bon dioxide in the indoor environment. Ventilation should keep CO2 concentrations below 1,000 ppm and create IAQ conditions that are acceptable to most individuals. Carbon dioxide gas detec-tors can utilize an automated background calibration program to set the clean air level on a regular basis. The detector will maintain accuracy if it is exposed to the “clean air reference value” roughly once per week. The reference value is the lowest concentration to which the sensor is exposed. This applies when used in typical in-door ambient air.

SummaryWhen building ventilation is reduced, energy is saved because it is not necessary to heat or cool as much outside air. Reduced ventila-tion can result in higher levels of carbon dioxide, which may cause building occupants to experience symptoms. Heating or cooling for ventilation air can be enhanced by a DCV system, which can save energy while providing a comfortable environment.

Carbon dioxide concentrations within a building are often used to indicate whether adequate fresh air is being supplied to the building. These DCV systems use carbon dioxide sensors in each space or in the return air and adjust the ventilation based on car-bon dioxide concentration; the higher the concentration, the more people occupy the space relative to the ventilation rate. With a car-bon dioxide sensor DCV system, the fresh air ventilation rate var-ies based on the number of people in the space, saving energy while maintaining a safe and comfortable environment.

Steve Bonino is the Technical Manager for Aerionics, Inc. (www.macurco.com), which is based in Sioux Falls, S.D.

REFERENCES1. http://www.ndhealth.gov/aq/iaq/nonbiological/combustion/co2.htm

2. https://www.dhs.wisconsin.gov/chemical/carbondioxide.htm

3. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2796751/

4. https://www.ashrae.org/standards-research--technology/standards--guidelines/titles-purposes-and-scopes#62

5. https://www.osha.gov/dts/osta/otm/otm_iii/otm_iii_2.html

6. http://sspc621.ashraepcs.org/

7. https://www.energycodes.gov/sites/default/files/documents/cn_ demand_control_ventilation.pdf

8. http://www.trane.com/content/dam/Trane/Commercial/global/products-systems/education-training/engineers-newsletters/standards-codes/admap-n017en_1005.pdf

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http://www.macurco.com

http://www.ndhealth.gov/aq/iaq/nonbiological/combustion/co2.htm

https://www.dhs.wisconsin.gov/chemical/carbondioxide.htm

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2796751/

https://www.ashrae.org/standards-research--technology/standards--guidelines/titles-purposes-and-scopes#62

https://www.osha.gov/dts/osta/otm/otm_iii/otm_iii_2.html

http://sspc621.ashraepcs.org/

https://www.energycodes.gov/sites/default/files/documents/cn_demand_control_ventilation.pdf

http://www.trane.com/content/dam/Trane/Commercial/global/products-systems/education-training/engineers-newsletters/standards-codes/admapn017en_1005.pdf


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HAZARDOUS WASTE


P roduction and storage areas in manufactur-ing and warehouse areas are filled with pal-lets, boxes, drums, and pails that contain chemicals and other materials. Some of these

areas and containers are well organized, but others are not. Who decides whether these containers are full of production materials or hazardous waste? If a regula-tory agency inspects a facility and decides that mate-rials are “abandoned” because of poor housekeeping,

sloppy management, etc., and records support that there is no useful purpose for these materials, they may be identified as hazardous waste. These materi-als that were thought to have been usable or sellable products would now be considered by the regula-tors as “abandoned” commercial chemical products (CCPs), causing the facility to be subject to hazardous waste requirements.

Regulatory agencies are aware of the potential im-

Production Materials Become Hazardous WastePractically Overnight—EPA’s Perspective on Abandoned Commercial Chemical ProductsEPA has made checklists available to the regulated community, including the associated guidance regarding abandoned CCPs.BY PAUL SIMONETTA

inthason99/Shutterstock.com

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pacts from leaks, spills, fires, explosions, etc. caused by containers of abandoned chemicals or waste materials. The intent of the solid and hazardous waste regulations is to address problems associated with waste materials and abandoned CCPs.

While it may be difficult to always control the routine storage and management of materials in production operations, the use of inspections checklists can be helpful. However, the conclusion that a CCP is abandoned based on physical appearance is subjective. Also, and possibly more important, the appearance of poorly man-aged materials may be defendable if documentation is developed that demonstrates these materials are not abandoned. Recommen-dations are provided below on developing programs to minimize the risk that your CCPs will be identified as hazardous waste.

Develop Waste Management ProgramsOne way to identify which materials are usable or sellable prod-ucts is to document materials that are routine waste products. The development and continued update of an inventory of waste

streams in a management program can be used to clearly identify which materials are wastes and which are not. Also, if production and storage space is available, it is best to segregate waste from raw or intermediate materials. The waste management program also should clearly identify storage locations for waste materials.

Identify Raw Materials, Intermediate Materials, and Sellable ByproductsBy default, materials that are not identified in a waste management program should not be considered a waste. However, to further demonstrate that materials are not waste, production or operat-ing procedures can be developed that specifically identify input materials in batch/mixing formulas, process diagrams, or quality control instructions.

In some cases, materials may be produced as intermediate or byproducts that can be further processed or sold. In other cases, a batch of produced material that does not meet a customer’s speci-fications may be reworked into other products. Containers, such as drums or tanks, that store these materials should be clearly marked and labeled as “in-process” or “byproducts” to distinguish them from waste storage. Operating procedures also should include de-tails on container storage and labeling practices for these interme-diate materials to document that they are not wastes.

Taechit Tanantornanutra/Shutterstock.com

If production and storage space is available, it is best to segregate waste from raw or intermediate materials.




HAZARDOUS WASTE

Accounting or financial staff may not realize the implication of designating a material as a “waste” in spreadsheets, emails, or other documentation when it may have further use. Some level of awareness may need to be communicated to staff involved with po-tentially “writing off” these materials. Conversely, documentation should be established that these material will either be sold (market or potential market exists for it) or will be used again in the manu-facturing process.

Use of ChecklistsRegulatory agencies recommend the use of checklists for their in-spectors to attempt to identify abandoned CCPs. However, EPA also has made these checklists available to the regulated com-munity, including the associated guidance regarding abandoned CCPs.1 The implementation of a waste management program that incorporates the use of these checklists would likely be useful to defend against inspectors claiming that production materials are solid/hazardous waste.

Three checklists are included with the guidance. The first checklist (Section 1) is probably the most useful to the regulated community, as it can be used to gather information on the condi-tion of containers and storage of production materials. Inspections completed using Section 1 can be used to develop work orders, cor-rective actions, etc. to respond to observed conditions that appear to be abandoned CCPs.

The second and third checklists (Sections 2 and 3) attempt to gather evidence regarding implementation of procedures and management practices associated with stored materials. For exam-ple, one question asks whether physical properties are established for raw or intermediate materials and if documentation has been developed to demonstrate the materials still meet these specifica-tions. While this information may not need to be reviewed during each inspection, it may be useful to review on some frequency to verify that systems are in place and functioning to protect against materials being identified as abandoned.

Paul Simonetta, CHMM, is a Vice President and Senior Proj-ect Manager at Triton Environmental, Inc. with more than 25 years of combined environmental compliance experience in industrial manufacturing and consulting. He received his Bach-elor of Science degree from Fairfield University and his M.S. in Environmental Science from the University of New Haven. Triton is located at 385 Church Street, Suite 201, Guilford, Conn. For more information, contact him at 203-458-7200 or via e-mail at [email protected].

REFERENCES

1. http://yosemite.epa.gov/osw/rcra.nsf/0c994248c239947e85256d090071175f/E9670455E5F3A91585257BE20049E22D/$file/14837.pdf

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http://yosemite.epa.gov/osw/rcra.nsf/0c994248c239947e85256d090071175f/E9670455E5F3A91585257BE20049E22D/$file/14837.pdf


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A s of 2014, the data center colocation global market was valued at $25 billion1, with sta-ble growth expected into the future. As the cloud continues to evolve, the data center

market will continue to grow. I estimate that nearly half of information technology and facilities manager bud-gets go into this area. Primary market drivers include:

■ Data protection (e.g., Sarbanes-Oxley)■ Disaster backup capabilities■ Growing financial sections (e.g., Internet bank-

ing) and various other online companies■ Student distance learning (e.g., online degrees)■ Data security/storage/resilience for corporationsAt its most basic level, a data center is a building,

or portion of a building, with its primary function housing a computer room and its support areas. A data center has four basic requirements:

1. Location—a place to locate computer, storage, and networking devices

2. Power—power needed to operate and maintain the devices

3. Cabling—connectivity provided to other de-vices, both inside and out

4. HVAC—temperature-controlled environment to meet suitable operating requirements

The challenges of effective data center operations

include:■ Site location■ Reliability and availability■ Power■ Rack space■ Heating and cooling■ Environmental, health, and safety (EH&S)

Data Center EH&SI am a 20+ year EH&S professional, and I spend a lot of time discussing various rules and regulations with in-ternal and external stakeholders. Their concerns tend to be local, their questions general, while the regula-tory differences from state to state, country to coun-try, and even region to region tend to be minimal. The environmental themes pertaining to data centers that dominate my conversations are, specifically:

■ Hazardous material use and waste manage-ment

■ Air emissions■ Drinking water, stormwater, and wastewater■ Energy use■ Other regulations/topicsLet’s take these one by one.Hazardous material use and waste management Diesel fuel storage tops the list for high-priority

environmental considerations. It’s typically stored in aboveground storage tanks (ASTs), but underground storage tanks (USTs) are common in high-density locations such as Los Angeles, Chicago, and Phila-delphia. Performing regular inspections and keep-ing monitoring records is critical because there are a variety of overlapping federal laws and regulations, and many states and local agencies have even stricter requirements.

If a data center stores diesel fuel for emergency generators in excess of 1,320 gallons in total above ground, 660 gallons above ground in a single con-tainer, or 42,000 gallons below ground, the owner of the data center is required to develop, implement, and maintain a Spill Prevention, Control and Counter-measure (SPCC) plan. The SPCC plan must include spill prevention and cleanup procedures, inspection protocols for containers/ASTs/USTs, recordkeeping, and training. It’s often required that a professional en-gineer from the applicable state signs off on the plan.

EPA designed the UST program to be implemented

Data Center EH&S 101Stakeholders’ concerns range from asbestos and lead-based paint typically found in older and/or legacy data centers to fire-resistant clothing, contractor and construction management, elevated work such as portable and fixed ladders, and rooftop maintenance.BY WALTER LECLERC

DIGITAL REALTY TR

UST, INC.

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by the states. States with approved programs have primary enforcement authority. The requirements for UST owners are extensive and include leak detection monitoring and integrity testing. In states without approved programs, UST owners and operators re-main subject to federal standards, as well as any additional state and local regulations that may still apply.

Other small-quantity process chemicals such as cleaning solutions and solvents, used process piping, small batteries, and items such as fluorescent lamps need to be included in any pollution prevention, haz-ardous/universal waste management, and hazardous materials management plan. Generator fuel storage tanks and certain types of batteries (e.g., sulfuric acid) also may require reporting under the hazardous chemical inventory reporting requirements contained in the SARA Title III Emergency Planning and Community Right-To-Know Act (EPCRA).

Air emissionsThe air emissions from generators or

uninterruptible power supply (UPS) sys-tems common to data centers are another high-priority environmental consideration. Depending on the type of fuel combusted, the year of installation, and horsepower, generators may be subject to air regulations that include emission limits, operational restrictions, and maintenance and testing requirements. Be alert to the critical dif-ferences in federal, state, and local require-ments regarding Major Source Thresholds, default generator usage limits, and other air emission requirements.

For example: A data center with a new or modified source with the potential to emit 10 tons per year (TPY) or more of an ozone precursor criteria pollutant in non-attainment in the “extreme” Los Angeles area would be considered a major source. In contrast, a data center with a new or modified source with the potential to emit 90 TPY of the same precursor pollutant in the state of Colorado, which is classified as a “marginal” nonattainment area for many ozone precursor pollutants, would be clas-sified as a minor source.

Default generator usage limits is an-other area where differences are defined by the location of the data center. The limits are based on 12-month rolling emissions calculations, engine use logs, run meters, opacity, fuel receipt records, and posting of

air permits and legal notices, and they all create variability.

For example: In Maricopa County, Ariz., a data center operating in Chandler is subject to Maricopa County Rule 324 en-gine use requirements. Engines at or below 1,000 brake horsepower (BHP) are limited to 200 hours per year per generator (hrs/yr/generator), while engines above 1,000 BHP are limited to 100 hrs/yr/generator. In comparison, engines in the state of South Carolina are only limited to 500 hrs/yr/generator. Data centers use HVAC systems to maintain a cool environment for serv-ers. Some have fire-suppressant systems that use halons. Both cooling and fire-sup-pression systems may employ chemicals regulated under EPA’s Ozone Depleting Substance (ODS) rules. As a result, genera-tors, UPS systems, and equipment contain-ing ODSs may require the development of management plans and hazardous inven-tory reports to comply with the Clean Air Act and EPCRA.

Under Section 608 of the Clean Air Act, EPA has established regulations (40 Code of Federal Regulations Part 82, Subpart F) that:

■ require service practices that maxi-mize recovery and recycling of ODS—both chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) and hydro-chlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs) and their blends— during the servicing and dis-posal of air-conditioning and refrigeration equipment

■ set certification requirements for re-frigerant recycling and recovery equipment, technicians, and refrigerant reclaimers

■ restrict the sale of refrigerant to cer-tified technicians

■ require persons servicing or dispos-ing of air-conditioning and refrigeration equipment to certify to EPA that they have acquired refrigerant recovery and/or recy-cling equipment and are complying with the requirements of the rule

■ require the repair of substantial leaks in air-conditioning and refrigeration equipment with a refrigerant charge greater than 50 pounds

■ establish safe disposal require-ments to ensure removal of refrigerants from goods that enter the waste stream with the charge intact (e.g., motor vehicle air conditioners, home refrigerators, and room air conditioners)

The State of California and other state

and local ODS regulations tend to mirror the federal ODS regulations (e.g., certified technician, legislative action dates, etc.). In fact, it appears that the California rules—both state and local, in some cases—su-persede the federal rule only in reference to various time-to-comply dates, leak rate triggers, and other general references.

Drinking water, stormwater, and waste-water regulations

While typically of minimal concern in data center operations, water regulations are a common discussion topic. Drinking water for data center operations comes from local municipalities in most instances similar to a normal office building environment. No special requirements need be considered.

Excluding some minor exceptions that exist in places such as Chandler, Ariz., data center operations with SIC code 6798 (Real Estate Investment Trusts) and NAICS code 518210 (Data Processing, Hosting, and Related Services) and ASTs and associated transfer activities are typically exempted from stormwater regulations. Special cir-cumstances at a location are often covered in the SPCC Plan, for example, ASTs are mostly regulated via SPCC requirements.

No federally regulated wastewater pro-cesses are associated with data center op-erations. Because data centers typically dis-charge less than 25,000 gallons per day and don’t have the potential to discharge pollut-ants that could interrupt or pass through local wastewater treatment plants, opera-tions typically fall under local wastewater agency general rules and regulations. Data centers are usually not required to obtain a wastewater discharge permit.

The most likely possibility for an out-of-specification or toxic discharge from data centers to the local wastewater system is in chiller blowdown. The concerns with the chemicals contained in the blowdown would include high alkalinity from so-dium hydroxide and/or the toxicity of the bromine antimicrobial ingredient, which is based on a mixture of sodium hypo-chlorite and sodium bromide. Alkalinity is an unlikely concern because a data center only discharges a small, highly diluted vol-ume of the product during blowdown, and blowdown in this volume and concentra-tion is typically not a toxicity concern to local wastewater regulatory agencies.

Energy useData centers by definition are energy



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intensive because of the power required to both operate the equipment and cool the equipment. Energy, in and of itself, is one of the top two cost components of data center operations. Equipment opera-tion expenses can be mitigated by design-ing increasingly power-efficient computers and storage systems.2 Data center designers have turned to natural means of cooling equipment to bring down cooling costs, in some instances locating in arctic terrain. To more efficiently manage the equipment, many data centers locate near good fiber connectivity, power grid connections, and populated areas.

Other environmental regulations/topicsThese topics come up from time to time:■ Toxic Substances Control Act. Ac-

cording to federal regulations contained in 40 CFR 763, polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) transformers are those which con-tain PCBs at concentrations greater than 500 parts per million (ppm). PCB-con-taminated transformers contain between 50 and 499 ppm PCBs. PCBs are used in electrical transformers because of their fire retardant composition. Since PCB trans-formers were manufactured between 1929 and 1977, they are basically a concern only in data centers constructed before 1978.

■ Light pollution. ■ Outdoor noise.

Prevention Is the Best Safety StrategyNumerous safety topics dominate my con-versations with stakeholders, ranging from asbestos and lead-based paint typically found in older and/or legacy data centers to fire-resistant clothing, contractor and con-struction management, elevated work such as portable and fixed ladders, and rooftop maintenance. These are all important, but four safety topics dominate my conversa-tions defining the greatest threats to mis-sion data center operations:

1. Fire protection, prevention, and sup-pression

2. Electrical safety3. Confined spaces4. Indoor noise exposureFire protection, prevention, and suppressionNFPA 75 is the standard that applies to

the protection of computer and data pro-cessing equipment. One notable revision to NFPA 75 in 1999 allows data centers to continue to power electronic equipment upon activation of a gaseous agent totally

flooding the system. This exception was made for data centers that meet the follow-ing risk considerations:

■ economic loss resulting from loss of function or loss of records, loss of equip-ment value, and loss of life

■ risk of fire threat to the installation, occupants, or exposed property within that installation

There are three system objectives to fire protection in data centers:

1. Fire detection2. Communication (communicate the

existence of a fire)3. SuppressionTypically, two types of suppression

agents are used in data centers: fire extin-guishers and total flooding fire extinguish-ers. The two agents commonly used in sup-pression systems are inert gas or Inergen, and fluorine-based compounds such as FE 200 and FE 227ea.

The best fire protection method is pre-vention. This is true of most EH&S issues.

ConclusionToday’s data centers operate more pro-actively by identifying the standards and regulations, having multiple and parallel options available, and with processes in place to protect the environment and keep workers safe.

Walter LeClerc ([email protected]) is the director, environmental occupa-tional health and safety, for Digital Realty Trust, Inc. in Santa Clara, Calif.

REFERENCES1. Global Data Center Colocation Market Reaches $25B; Sverdlik, Yevgeniy; Data Center Knowledge; http://www.datacenterknowledge.com/archives/2014/12/23/multitenant-colo-cation-data-center-market-reaches-25b; 2014

2, Power Management Techniques for Data Centers: A Survey, Sparsh Mittal, Future Technologies Group; http://www.academia.edu/6982393/Power_Management_Tech-niques_for_Data_Centers_A_Survey; Oak Ridge National Laboratory

3. So You Think You Have a Good Business Recovery Plan?—Steps an Asset Management Company can take to Recover from a Major Di-saster; Elrod, Roger; Asset Management Support Services Engineer; http://www.infosecwriters.com/text_resources/pdf/Good_Business_Re-covery_Plan.pdf

4. White paper—Ten ways to ensure the safety of data center employees; ABB; www.abb.com; https://library.e.abb.com/public/9c63a82c61558d3285257c0f0058aac6/ABB-797-WPO_Data_Center_safety_11-8-13.pdf

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http://www.datacenterknowledge.com/archives/2014/12/23/multitenant-colocation-data-center-market-reaches-25b

http://www.academia.edu/6982393/Power_Management_Techniques_for_Data_Centers_A_Survey

http://www.infosecwriters.com/text_resources/pdf/Good_Business_Recovery_Plan.pdf

http://www.abb.com

https://library.e.abb.com/public/9c63a82c61558d3285257c0f0058aac6/ABB-797-WPO_Data_Center_safety_11-8-13.pdf

PRACTICAL EXCELLENCEB Y S H A W N G A L L O W A Y


What is the safety climate in your organization, and what are you controlling or being controlled by? Per-ceptions are byproducts of experience. Behaviors are byproducts of influences. Stories told throughout the

organization are byproducts of both.Safety cultures are byproducts of the safety climate and safety

chemistry, as described in the July 2014 OH&S article, Evolving Your Safety Culture: Elements That Matter Most. This article will focus on four critical areas of the safety climate company leaders must control to allow the safety culture to evolve to provide its greatest value. As introduced in the 2013 book, STEPS to Safety Culture ExcellenceSM, “For now, suffice it to say that management is not the only influence on safety culture and therefore not the only starting place when beginning to shape or reshape the safety culture. Any time the goals of management and the goals of safety are not in alignment, safety will be a sub-culture and not the over-all organizational culture.” The climate within the organization will either encourage or suppress the growth toward excellence in a culture. Like growing a plant, the culture will need the right atmo-sphere to grow to its fullest potential. What is the atmosphere in your organization?

To facilitate growth, one must be aware of what to control and influence. The figure below outlines the three most common lev-els within an organization that form the foundation and roof of a structure, (Leaders, Supervisors, and the Workforce). Connecting these levels are the four pillars labeled Commitment, Caring, Co-operation, and Coaching.

A practical and highly insightful exercise to measure your safety climate maturity is to lead a group discussion (e.g., leadership team, safety committee, representation from the many levels and depart-ments) on these four pillars to determine the average perceived scores (1-10) and then discuss and understand what could be ad-dressed to enhance them. These conversations identify the precise actions that need to be taken and should ultimately lead to influenc-ing the three- to five-year safety excellence strategy, prioritizing what and how to improve the safety climate of the company culture.

1. Commitment: Commitment for safety excellence exists at all levels of the organization. We never accept any level of “good enough” less than excellent because we know this is a journey. Commitment is observable in both words and actions and they

(words/actions) support, rather than conflict with, one another. How would you rate this in your organiza-tion and why?

2. Caring: It is clear achieving safety excellence is more to benefit the employee on and off the job than numbers, finance, or company im-age? Safety conversations focus more on people than anything else and it is clear, regardless of level, we care about each other. How would you rate this in your organization and why?

3. Cooperation: The safety mind-set has graduated from getting people to comply (i.e., follow the rules) to thinking before acting and being more proactive than reactive. Ideas are listened to, prioritized, and acted upon. There is confidence we are all working together as a team. We are all in-volved in efforts to achieve safety excellence. How would you rate this in your organization and why?

4. Coaching: We focus more on coaching for performance than managing for compliance. Our efforts help each other improve, including the language we use and steps we take. Performance dis-cussions are one-on-one, occur frequently, and are viewed as posi-tive. Discipline isn’t ignored; it is just recognized as a tool of last resort. How would you rate this in your organization and why?

Climate can be felt by those within and even those visiting the organization, and commitment, caring, cooperation and coach-ing can all be observed. If employees do not see progress in these four areas, the safety culture will never grow toward excellence. For maximum insight and effectiveness in improvement solutions, involve a mixture of internal stakeholders representing the areas within your company culture and discuss where you are right now and, from their point of view, what experiences would increase the scores. Often, the answers to how to improve and evolve culture are within the company, and all you need to do is ask the right ques-tions, take action, and validate (from the employee’s point of view) whether you are making a difference and adding value.

To receive a facilitators guide to help you lead these discussions within your organization, contact me at [email protected] and mention safety climate and chemistry facilitators guide.

Shawn M. Galloway is the President of ProAct Safety and co-au-thor of several bestselling books, including STEPS to Safety Culture ExcellenceSM and Forecasting Tomorrow: The Future of Safety Excellence. As a consultant, advisor, and keynote speaker, he has helped hundreds of organizations achieve and sustain excellence in performance and culture. He is also the host of the acclaimed weekly podcast series Safety Culture Excellence®. He can be reached at 936-273-8700 or [email protected].

Commitment, caring, cooperation and coach-ing can all be observed. If employees do not see progress in these four areas, the safety culture will never grow toward excellence.

Controlling the Climate of Safety Culture

We focus more on coaching for performance than managing for com-pliance. Our efforts help each other improve, including the language we use and steps we take.

REFERENCESFigure 1: Mathis, Terry & Galloway, Shawn, 2013, STEPS to Safety Culture Excellence, John Wiley & Sons Inc. (p. 64)

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LIGHTWEIGHT FR CLOTHINGWorkrite Uniform Company, Inc.® has launched an FR product line featuring 5.3-ounce GlenGuard® fabric. The new line offers one of the lightest-weight Category 2 fabrics available on the FR clothing market. The GlenGuard fabric offers an arc thermal performance value (ATPV) of 9.5 cal/cm2 and is UL certi-fied to NFPA 2112. The 5.3 line aims to increase wearer compliance by providing an unprecedented level of comfort and protection. www.ohsonline.com/productinfoCIRCLE 322 ON CARD

SAFETY EARPHONES AND EAR PLUGSEtymotic Research has developed the HD-3, a high-definition, noise-isolating headset. The unit combines HD-5 Safety Earphones with an in-line microphone for communication by smartphone. Both the HD-3 and the HD-5 earphones are engineered for safe listening while providing exceptional sound quality for workers who listen to music or other audio content on the job. Maximum volume stays within OSHA Permissible Exposure Limits.www.ohsonline.com/productinfoCIRCLE 323 ON CARD

FULL-BODY SAFETY HARNESSThe DBI-SALA ExoFit STRATA harness from Capital Safety is the first full-body safety harness designed and tested with data-driven, third-party research, resulting in a harness that is more com-fortable, cooler, and lighter to wear. The STRATA features a number of solutions-based elements, including a first-of-its-kind LIFTech™ Load Distribution System. LIFTech takes the weight off a worker’s shoulders and redistributes it down to the hips, reducing forces on the shoul-ders up to 85 percent.www.ohsonline.com/productinfoCIRCLE 324 ON CARD

PARTICULATE SENSORThe Self-Validating Particulate Sensor for EPA compliance from FilterSense offers continuous particulate emission monitor and filter leak detector, and it incorporates automatic zero and span for self-validation for EPA, ISO, and pharmaceutical compliance checks. The features, combined with the company’s field-proven induction-sensing and insulated-probe technologies, provide enhanced reliability and lower instru-ment maintenance costs over opacity and triboelectic technologies, particu-larly in difficult applications. www.ohsonline.com/productinfoCIRCLE 325 ON CARD

ERGONOMIC TECHNOLOGYAnsell has developed ERGOFORM Ergo-nomic Design Technology, a technology that enables Ansell to test and design single-use gloves that maximize worker productivity by minimizing hand fatigue and discomfort. Gloves designed with ERGOFORM are strategically engineered to deliver high-performance musculo-skeletal support and reduce the risk of ergonomic injury caused by repetitive tasks. ERGOFORM is available on four styles: Microflex® XCEED®, Microflex Neogard®, TouchNTuff® 73-300, and TouchNTuff 73-500.www.ohsonline.com/productinfoCIRCLE 326 ON CARD

REMINGTON® BRANDED EYEWEAREyewear manufacturer Wiley X®, Inc. now manufactures and distributes a full line of advanced vision and hearing protection products bearing the Rem-ington® brand. The launch was made possible through a recent partnership between Wiley X and Remington Outdoor Company (“ROC”), America’s oldest firearms and ammunition manufacturer with brands including Remington, AAC, Bushmaster, and DPMS. Products include Remington Platinum Grade Eye Protection with models designed to deliver a comfortable fit.www.ohsonline.com/productinfoCIRCLE 327 ON CARD

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PROTECTIVE INSOLESSouthern Glove, Inc., has launched a line called Ergo Shield Insoles, which in-crease cushioning comfort and support in work boots and casual and athletic shoes. Ergo Shield Insoles are designed to provide all-day comfort in any casual or athletic shoe or work boot. They are firm yet flexible, with shock-absorbing gel that softens the impact of each step to alleviate pain. Each insole incorporates innovative dual-layer VCT® (Variable Cushioning Technology), a micro-cellular, high-performance foam that provides maximum cushioning and support.www.ohsonline.com/productinfoCIRCLE 328 ON CARD

SELF-RETRACTING DEVICEThe FallTech DuraTech® 9’ MAX web SRD boasts a 425-pound capacity and delivers maximum stopping power in a compact device. Combining the strengths of a fast-activating internal inertial brake with FallTech’s exclusive WrapPack inline shock absorber creates a robust SRD to accommodate a broad range of workers. A dual energy absorb-ing system delivers maximum capacity and, below D-ring tie-off. 9’ of working length makes for an expanded work zone.www.ohsonline.com/productinfoCIRCLE 329 ON CARD

LOCKOUT/TAGOUT TRAININGIDEAL INDUSTRIES, INC. is providing facility managers with all of the tools they need to conduct effective, afford-able LO/TO training through the launch of a new program entitled “The Con-trol of Hazardous Energy,” dedicated to reducing workplace injuries. The program consists of a 14-minute video demonstrating the major steps required for an effective LO/TO program, along with important support materials such as a Microsoft PowerPoint presentation, Leader’s Guide, Attendance Log and Certificates, and an employee quiz.www.ohsonline.com/productinfoCIRCLE 330 ON CARD

CUT LEVEL 5 IMPACT GLOVESThe FlexTech™ I2459, an ANSI Cut Level 5 palm dipped impact glove from Wells Lamont Industrial, is ideal for oil and gas, mining, and heavy construction en-vironments. The I2459 provides an extra level of protection to the back of the hand and fingers. The soft and flexible TPR pads protect hands from impacts and blows. Additionally, the sandy nitrile palm coating maintains a firm grip in wet and oily applications.www.ohsonline.com/productinfoCIRCLE 331 ON CARD

SELF-RETRACTING LIFELINESWhen working in fall protection ap-plications with limited fall clearances, self-retracting lifelines (SRLs) are in many cases the only products that will keep you safe. The Velocity SRLs from Guardian Fall Protection are a good op-tion when it comes to performance and reliability. Whether in need of a compact and lightweight unit to connect to your back or a heavier duty unit that allows for a wide range of access, Guardian has a Velocity SRL for you.www.ohsonline.com/productinfoCIRCLE 332 ON CARD

WINTER GLOVE LINEMagid® has expanded its broad line of work gloves to include thermal protec-tion for cold weather conditions, paired with the cut resistance that workers need to protect against sharp materi-als. The new styles address a variety of customer requirements, such as hiding dirt, improved visibility, and impact pro-tection. Cut-resistant, thermal, coated styles are available in black to hide dirt and grime or bright colors for high visibility. www.ohsonline.com/productinfoCIRCLE 333 ON CARD

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OH&S CLASSIFIEDS


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PRODUCT LITERATURE WWW.OHSONLINE.COM/MCV/PRODUCTS

TRAIN THE TRAINERThe Scaffold Training Institute provides “Train The Trainer” programs and on-site training anywhere in the world. Training ma-terials include 340-page manuals, DVDs, a Powerpoint presentation, videos, and Interactive Computer Based Training on CD-ROM. Cours-es ranging from 8 hours to 40 hours in length are available. Visit or call 1-800-428-0162 for details. www.scaffoldtraining.com

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Circle 50 on card.

[email protected] us at 773.777.7100

www.specializedsafetyproducts.comManufactured & assembled in USA

Specialized Safety Products

Personnel Blow-Off Gun

SAFE alternative to compressed airMeets OSHA guidelines

pSS

Re-engineered for even better performance

Also ideal for cleaning equipment & components

STILL using compressed air for cleaning?

Circle 51 on card.

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ADVERTISER INDEX

CIRCLE # COMPANY PAGE # CIRCLE # COMPANY PAGE # CIRCLE # COMPANY PAGE #

15 Aerionics, Inc. 49www.macurco.com

35 American Industrial Hygiene 52 Conference & Expo www.aihce2016.org

41 Anguil Environmental EP7www.anguil.com

21 Ansell 25www.ansell.com/en/equipped

16 Draeger 23www.draeger.com

36 DuPont Sustainable Solutions 48www.training.dupont.com

3 e-Hazard Management, LLC 44www.e-hazard.com

13 Encon Safety Products 13www.enconsafety.com/noplumb-ohs04

38 EMSL Analytical, Inc. 68www.emsl.com

44 EP Online EP8www.eponline.com

23 Gateway Safety 39www.GatewaySafety.com

14 Glove Guard 22www.GloveGuard.com

34 Gorbel 29www.gorbel.com/righttrack/ohs

29 Ion Science 36www.ionscience.com

12 Larson Electronics 12www.LarsonElectronics.com

40 Lion Technology EP2www.Lion.com/ExpertHazmatTraining

33 Little Giant Ladder Systems 41www.littlegiantsafety.com

24 Louis M. Gerson Co., Inc. 10www.gersonco.com

5 Machine Guard & Cover 36www.machineguard.com

10 Magid Glove and Safety 43www.magidglove.com

9 MCR Safety 2www.mcrsafety.com

2 Mechanix Wear, Inc. 21www.mechanix.com

39 MEGAComfort Inc. 40www.megacomfort.com

18 Moldex-Metric, Inc. 7www.moldex.com/ohs

43 Mount Vernon Mills 45www.mvmfr.com

11 MSA 67www.MSAsafety.com

42 Newell Rubbermaid 56-57www.rubbermaidcommercial.com

31 OH&S Online 34www.ohsonline.com

32 OH&S Online 27http://edriving.com/OHSacademy

20 OLFA Corporation 17www.olfa.com/SK12

6 Powerstep 16www.powersteps.com/occupational

19 Radians Inc. 53www.radians.com

SafeStart 1www.safestart.com/ohs4

22 SafeStart 5www.safestart.com/ohs4

4 Salsbury Industrial 36www.lockers.com

7 Scott Safety 9www.TycoGFD.com

WWW.OHSONLINE.COM/MCV/PRODUCTSPRODUCT SPOTLIGHTS

MEMPHIS ORANGE KEVLAR 9178NFO

Memphis Orange made with Kevlar 9178NFO features a patent-protect-ed, high visibility orange DuPont™ Kevlar® engineered yarn. The high visibility orange enhances safety awareness. This ANSI cut level 4 offering has excellent cut protec-tion and great dexterity. This light weight seamless shell provides dexterity and comfort. Additionally, the 9178NFO is also touch screen friendly. Visit www.mcrsafety.com.

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CABOR EPX™ WORK BOOT

Wolverine is the premium work boot for men and women on the toughest jobsites. With focus on comfort and innovation, Wolverine offers a full line of footwear, apparel, and accessories to get the job done. Wolverine – Made True Since 1883

www.wolverine.com

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FOOT PROTECTION FROM PAIN AND FATIGUE

MEGAComfort Personal Anti-Fatigue Mats® are the ultimate ergonomic solution for any individual standing or walking more than two hours a day on any hard surface. Designed for employees in the workplace, as a viable cost effective alternative to standard anti-fatigue matting. Reduce pain and fatigue today!

Call us today at 877-634-2002 or visit us at www.megacomfort.com

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FREE PRODUCT INFOQuick, Easy and Direct...get the info you need NOW!

Go online to ohsonline.com/productinfo to request free information from advertisers in this issue. Search by category or by company.

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http://www.macurco.com

http://www.aihce2016.org

http://www.anguil.com

http://www.ansell.com/en/equipped

http://www.draeger.com

http://www.training.dupont.com

http://www.e-hazard.com

http://www.enconsafety.com/noplumb-ohs04

http://www.emsl.com


http://www.GatewaySafety.com

http://www.GloveGuard.com

http://www.gorbel.com/righttrack/ohs

http://www.ionscience.com

http://www.LarsonElectronics.com

http://www.Lion.com/ExpertHazmatTraining

http://www.littlegiantsafety.com

http://www.gersonco.com

http://www.machineguard.com

http://www.magidglove.com

http://www.mcrsafety.com

http://www.mechanix.com

http://www.megacomfort.com

http://www.moldex.com/ohs

http://www.mvmfr.com

http://www.MSAsafety.com

http://www.rubbermaidcommercial.com


http://edriving.com/OHSacademy

http://www.olfa.com/SK12

http://www.powersteps.com/occupational

http://www.radians.com

http://www.safestart.com/ohs4

http://www.safestart.com/ohs4

http://www.lockers.com

http://www.TycoGFD.com


CIRCLE # COMPANY PAGE # CIRCLE # COMPANY PAGE # CIRCLE # COMPANY PAGE #


ADVERTISER INDEX

PRESIDENT & GROUP PUBLISHER | Kevin O’Grady 972-687-6731 [email protected]

■ INTEGRATED MEDIA REPRESENTATIVE-WEST | Barbara Blake 972-687-6718 [email protected] Canada (Western), South America/Mexico, Asia-Pacific including Australia, New Zealand and India.

Australia, New Zealand IndiaSouth America Asia-Pacific

■ INTEGRATED MEDIA REPRESENTATIVE-EAST | Jenna Conwell610-436-4372 [email protected] the UK and Europe, Canada (Ontario and Quebec), Puerto Rico and the Caribbean, Africa.

Europe Puerto Rico & Caribbean AfricaUnited Kingdom

8 Streamlight Inc. 47www.streamlight.com

25 TenCate 3www.TenCateFabrics.com/Facts

26 Tingley Rubber 37www.tingleyrubber.com

27 West Chester Protective Gear 31www.westchestergear.com

28 West Chester Protective Gear 33www.westchestergear.com

1 Wolverine 15www.wolverine.com/carbonmax

Product Spotlights55 MCR Safety 64www.mcrsafety.com

56 MEGAComfort Inc. 64www.megacomfort.com

57 Wolverine 64www.wolverine.com

Product Literature53 Scaffold Training Institute 63www.scaffoldtraining.com

EP 2015 New Product of the Year Winners300 Air Cycle Corporation EP3https://eponline.com/pages/new-product-of-the-year.aspx

305 EXAIR Corporation EP4https://eponline.com/pages/new-product-of-the-year.aspx

306 New Pig EP4https://eponline.com/pages/new-product-of-the-year.aspx

308 New Pig EP4https://eponline.com/pages/new-product-of-the-year.aspx

304 Onset Computer Corporation EP4https://eponline.com/pages/new-product-of-the-year.aspx

302 ParkUSA EP3https://eponline.com/pages/new-product-of-the-year.aspx



301 3E Company EP3https://eponline.com/pages/new-product-of-the-year.aspx

New Products321 Ansell 60www.ohsonline.com/productinfo

326 Ansell 61www.ohsonline.com/productinfo

312 Assured Automation 59www.ohsonline.com/productinfo

320 Bradley Corporation 60www.ohsonline.com/productinfo

310 Capital Safety 59www.ohsonline.com/productinfo

324 Capital Safety 60www.ohsonline.com/productinfo

313 Ergodyne 59www.ohsonline.com/productinfo

323 Etymotic Research 61www.ohsonline.com/productinfo

329 FallTech 62www.ohsonline.com/productinfo

325 FilterSense 61www.ohsonline.com/productinfo

319 Graphic Products 60www.ohsonline.com/productinfo

315 Guardian Fall Protection 59www.ohsonline.com/productinfo

332 Guardian Fall Protection 62www.ohsonline.com/productinfo

317 Halogen Valve Systems 60www.ohsonline.com/productinfo

330 IDEAL INDUSTRIES INC. 62www.ohsonline.com/productinfo

318 JLG 60www.ohsonline.com/productinfo

311 LIFE Corporation 59www.ohsonline.com/productinfo

333 Magid® 62www.ohsonline.com/productinfo

314 Miller Electric Mfg. Co. 59www.ohsonline.com/productinfo

316 Nasco 60www.ohsonline.com/productinfo

328 Southern Glove, Inc. 62www.ohsonline.com/productinfo

310 3M 59www.ohsonline.com/productinfo

331 Wells Lamont Industrial 62www.tingleyrubber.com

327 WileyX 61www.ohsonline.com/productinfo

322 Workrite Uniform 61www.ohsonline.com/productinfo

Classifieds50 Rutgers School of Public Health 63http://ophp.sph.rutgers.edu

51 Specialized Safety Products 63www.specializedsafetyproducts.com

52 VAC-U-MAX 63 www.vac-u-max.com/vacuum

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https://eponline.com/pages/new-product-of-the-year.302












https://eponline.com/pages/new-product-of-the-year.New



http://www.ohsonline.com/productinfo

























http://ophp.sph.rutgers.edu

http://www.specializedsafetyproducts.com

http://www.vac-u-max.com/vacuum




http://www.streamlight.com

http://www.TenCateFabrics.com/Facts


http://www.westchestergear.com

http://www.westchestergear.com

http://www.wolverine.com/carbonmax

http://www.mcrsafety.com

http://www.megacomfort.com

http://www.wolverine.com

http://www.scaffoldtraining.com














BREAKTHROUGH STRATEGIESB Y R O B E R T P A T E R


Have you ever had a website automatically translate something into another language and then had this result retranslated back into English? The results can range from comical to incomprehensible. Even so,

I’m going to attempt something similar but hoping for much better results.

I previously wrote an article in another publication that Rob Loos, Corporate Safety & Risk Manager with MAU Workforce Solutions, adapted into a blog for his company’s website. In his rendition, Rob rephrased six of my tenets for achieving advanced cultural change. Here are his recastings in italics, followed by my further explanations.

1. Organizational leaders should initiate and guide safety cul-ture direction and evolution. Change has to be embraced and ac-tuated on all organizational levels for it to really take hold. How-ever, initially, it’s most likely driven from the top. That’s because in most companies, senior managers decide where time, money, and other resources are allocated. Of course, in reality, “the top” doesn’t necessarily mean it has to emanate from the CEO or COO. In fact, Safety performance and culture turnarounds are frequently spurred by someone who had a high level of control over what oc-curred within his/her own sphere—mid-manager, unit director, even a first-line supervisor. For example, we’ve seen how a Depart-ment Manager, such as U.S. Steel’s Neil Whitt, has brought in a new approach that, in effect, served as a pilot for a wide-scoping company; tantalizing results often spread virally. Of course, given corporate politics and other factors, there’s no guarantee anyone else will adopt what’s worked well even for a similar business unit or the one “nearby.”

Still, the most efficient way to permeate a company is typically through its command center first. Internal change agents should therefore aim to cultivate relationships with managers as high up in the organization as possible. Make this ongoing, not just when you need something from them.

2. Real safety culture change must be unique and specifically tai-lored to each organization. Sure, it’s tempting to benchmark oth-ers’ successes and try to duplicate these verbatim. (After all, they worked well for another!) However, a “medication”—both the specific kind and dosage—that might have miraculously cured another may not work for you or even could make you more ill! Or, at the very least, squander irreplaceable resources or credibility should the change fall flat.

Before attempting a significant Safety cultural change, carefully consider its potential simultaneous effects on productivity, man-agement alignment, and worker engagement. What and who you bring into your company can have far-reaching effects, either yay or nay. And, rather than trying to figure all this out in advance on your own, enlist many for their input, from execs to front-line su-pervisors to outspoken workers.

3. Avoid implementing tools, methods, and programs that prom-ise too-good-to-be-true results. Yes, snake-oil promises continue to abound. But though they might intellectually “know better,” some leaders’ better judgment can become overridden by the lure of in-

stant and effortless cures—back belts, anyone? Think: “Lose weight without exercise while eating anything you want,” “Become totally cured with just this little pill that has no side effects,” “Make lots of money without any risk,” etc. Yes, if only we could achieve significant cul-tural improvement without having to do anything different! But I’ve never seen this occur.

Disqualify from consideration any promise-them-anything in-terventions. While significant cultural improvements are readily possible and have transpired in numerous companies, this is never immediate or effortless. As per the First Law of Motion of inertia (“A body at rest. . . .”), it takes energy to break through any cultural status quo. And, like weird crash diets, if a change happens too quickly, it’s unlikely to be sustained.

But the key here is to employ plans and actions that are self-reinforcing and lead to efficient step change in a relatively short time. Make sure to chart and publicize even bite-size pieces of posi-tive movement toward improvements.

4. Ensure the whole team is on the same pathway to safety culture excellence. Alignment is critical. Abraham Lincoln proclaimed, “A house divided against itself cannot stand.” This is also true for or-ganizations, but too often, people and departments work at cross purposes, like a framework of magnetic particles where some “neg-ative” poles neutralize others’ “positive” ones. Therefore, culture change masters do what they can to bring people together toward agreed-upon common purposes, lining up their positive sides. Get-ting individual buy-in is a step on the way to alignment: Start by bringing out underlying blockages to coming together. Does each really get the importance of safe performance, other than just hit-ting a statistical marker? Are nonbelievers promoted as a mixed company message? Are line workers’ opinions and ideas about Safety solicited, valued, and acted on? Then, weaken whatever blocks you can, even if you can’t fully eliminate them.

5. Be patient and realistic about progress, as improvement may take time. Set your own and others’ expectations that cultural change is a process. While “getting there” is unlikely to occur over-night, help all see positive movement along the road. Get a wide segment involved in setting, watching, and then sharing leading indicators of improvement. Don’t give in to an impatience that can kill budding engagement and momentum toward step-ups.

6. Pursue grassroots change with participation from the bottom to the top. If you’ve read my previous writings or participated in one of my conference seminars, you’ve already heard about our “Scis-sors” approach to change. That is, the most efficient strategy for cultural change is to simultaneously enlist the driving powers of senior management down, along with line workers’ informal in-fluence sideways and up, like a scissors with two blades coming together to cut through a restraint.

Applying these six strategies can help your cultural changes move forward as efficiently and stresslessly as possible.

Robert Pater ([email protected]) is Managing Director, Strategic Safety Associates and MoveSMART®, www.movesmart.com.

Recasting Advanced Cultural Leadership

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http://www.movesmart.com


For over 100 years, MSA has built a legacy of safety product innovation and reliability by protectinggenerations of lives in dangerous workplaces. That tradition continues with our full line of personalprotective equipment, so your team remains compliant to safety standards which ensures a safe work environment.

Learn more about MSA’s complete line of safety solutions or request a General Safety Evaluation by visitingMSAsafety.com, keyword: safety eval.

V-Gard® Protective Helmet

ALTIAR® 4XMultigas Detector

Workman®Harness

MSA LatchwaysMini PFL CIRCLE 11 ON CARD

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www.emsl.com

EAST COAST - 800.220.3675

WEST COAST - 866.798.1089

CombustibleDust TestingOSHA Directive CPL 03-00-008

• Initial Sample Characterization

• Explosion Severity

• Minimum Explosive Concentration

• Minimum Ignition Energy

• Minimum Ignition Temperature

• Full Class II Analysis

CIRCLE 38 ON CARD

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first aid readiness

Documents