First Aid

Responding to a health emergency• Injury and acute illness• Interactions with local emergency

medical services

1a

Responding to a health emergency

• Principles of triage• Legal aspects of

providing first aid

1b

Surveying the accident scene

• Assess the scene• General scene safety• Likely event sequence - what happened?• Rapid estimate of persons injured• Identify others to help at scene

2a

Surveying the accident scene

• Perform primary survey of each victim• Airway• Breathing• Circulation

• Obtain victim’s medical history

2b

Surveying the accident scene

• Perform secondary survey• Vital signs• Skin appearance• Head, neck, chest, abdomen, extremities• Medical alert symbols/tags

2c

Adult Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation

• Establishing/ maintaining patent airway

• Perform adult breathing resuscitation

• Perform adult circulatory resuscitation

3a

Adult Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation

• Perform choking assessment/first aid interventions

• Resuscitate drowning victims

3b

First aid intervention

• Bandaging

• Splinting

• Moving and rescuing victims

4a

Universal precautions

• Definition of universal precautions

• Value of universal precautions

5a

Universal precautions

• OSHA standard for occupational exposure to bloodborne pathogens

5b

Universal precautions

• Personal protective equipment

• Tagging and disposing of sharp items

5c

First aid supplies

• Type of supplies• Amount of supplies• Maintenance of

supplies• Storage of supplies

6a

Program elements: type of injury

• Shock• Shock due to injury• Shock due to allergic

reactions• Treating fainting victims

7a

Program elements: type of injury• Bleeding

• Arterial• Venous• Capillary• External• Internal

7b

Program elements: type of injury• Controlling

bleeding• Direct pressure• Pressure points• Elevation• Pressure

bandaging

7c

Program elements: type of injury• Wounds

• Abrasions• Incisions• Lacerations• Punctures• Avulsions• Amputations• Crush injuries• Infection

precautions

7d

Program elements: type of injury• Poisoning

• Alkali• Acid• Systemic• Topical• Drug abuse• Poison control center• Chemical emergency information

(MSDSs)

7e

Program elements: type of injury• Burns

• First degree• Second degree• Third degree

• Temperature extremes• Exposure to cold• Exposure to heat

7f

Program elements: type of injury• Musculoskeletal

injuries• Open fractures• Dislocations• Joint sprains• Muscle strains• Head, neck, spinal

injuries

7g

Program elements: type of injury• Bites and stings

• Human and animal• Insects

7h

Program elements: type of injury• Medical emergencies

• Heart attacks• Strokes• Asthma attacks• Diabetic emergencies• Seizures• Pregnancy

7i

Program elements: type of injury• Confined spaces

• Asphyxiation• Chemical

overexposure• Trauma

7j

Program elements: site of injury

• Head and neck

• Eye

• Nose

• Mouth and teeth

7k

Program elements: site of injury

• Chest

• Abdomen

• Hands, fingers, feet

7l

Summary of main points

• First-aid response

• Qualified persons

• Reporting accidents and injuries

8a