Pharmacology-1 PHL 313

First Lecture

By

Dr. Abdelkader Ashour, Ph.D.Dr. Amira Badr, Ph.D.

B. Basic concepts in Pharmacology - Drug-Body Interactions

- Drug Receptors

- Drug Receptor Interactions

Overview

A. Introduction

- Pharmacology, Scope & link to other biomedical principles

- Definitions

- Drug Nomenclature

Pharmacology, Scope & link to other biomedical principles

Pharmacology, Definitions

Pharmacology “The study of substances; drug; that interact with living systems through

chemical processes, especially by binding to regulatory molecules (receptors) and activating or inhibiting normal body processes”

Drug

“a chemical substance of known structure, other than a nutrient or an essential dietary ingredient, which, when administered to a living organism, produces a biological effect”

Used for:• Diagnosis, Cure, Treatment, or prevention of a disease or condition.

They may be derived from four main sources:1. Plants2. Animals3. Minerals and Mineral Products4. Synthetic or Chemical Substances Made in the Laboratory one time”

Drugs have been identified or derived from four main sources:

Plants Animals Minerals and Mineral Products Synthetic or Chemical Substances

Made in the Laboratory

Sources of Drugs

Receptor “A specific protein in either the plasma membrane or interior of a target cell with which the drug combines”

Mechanism of Action“How the drug exerts its action”

Dose“The amount of a drug to be administered at one time. at

Pharmacology, definitions

Indications

“The reasons for administering a medication or performing a treatment”

Contra-indications

“Factors that prevent the use of a medication or treatment (e.g., allergies)”

Pharmacology, Definitions

Effects (therapeutic effects)

“The desired results of administration of a medication”

Side Effects (adverse effects)

“Effects that are harmful and undesired, and that occur in addition to the desired therapeutic effects”

Brand or trade name (proprietary) is developed by the company requesting approval for the drug and identifies it as the exclusive property of that company. Example 1: Metrogyl® is the trade name for metronidazole. Example 2: Reglan® is the trade name for metoclopramide. Example 3: Amoxil® is the trade name for amoxycillin. Example 4: Celebrex® is the trade name for celecoxib.

Drug Nomenclature Chemical name represents the exact description of the drug’s chemical

composition

Example 1: the chemical name 2-methyl-5-nitroimidazole-l-ethanol is condensed to the generic name metronidazole. The word methylnitro is condensed to metroni and dazole is due to its imidazole ring

Example 2: Metoclopramide is the condensed form of the word methoxychloroprocainamide: where Me is retained and th is written as to; chloro is written as clo: and procainamide is written as pramide

Generic name (non-proprietary) - derived from the chemical name itself - simpler than the chemical name and - easier to remember

1- Chemical Name Describes its molecular structure and distinguishes

it from other drugs

2- generic nsame derived from the chemical name itself

- simpler than the chemical name and - easier to remember Example 1: the chemical name 2-methyl-5-nitroimidazole-l-ethanol

is condensed to the generic name metronidazole. The word methylnitro is condensed to metroni and dazole is due to its imidazole ring

Example 2: Metoclopramide is the condensed form of the word methoxychloroprocainamide: where Me is retained and th is written as to; chloro is written as clo: and procainamide is written as pramide

Drug Nomenclature

3-Trade Name Or brand name (proprietary): is developed by the company requesting approval for

the drug and identifies it as the exclusive property of that company. They are the only one who can advertise and market the drug under that name. Example 1: Metrogyl® is the trade name for metronidazole. Example 2: Reglan® is the trade name for metoclopramide. Example 3: Amoxil® is the trade name for amoxycillin. Example 4: Celebrex® is the trade name for celecoxib.

Drug Nomenclature

Or legend drugs Means in order to obtain drug, you

must have a legal prescription

Non-Prescription Drugs Or Over-the-Counter (OTC) drugs Drug that may be purchased without a

prescription

Prescription Drugs