FISH BORNE ZOONOTIC DISEASES

Department of Veterinary PathologyPost Graduate Institute of Veterinary & Animal

Sciences

Presented By: P.L. LalruatfelaEn. No.:- V/10/167

Course No.:- VPP- 691

Course Teacher: Dr.V.P. Pathak

Outline of Seminar

Introduction Brief about Fish Importance Non-Infectious fish

diseases Zoonotic fish

diseaeses Infectious fish

diseases Vibriosis in fish

Cholera in human History Etiology Pathogenesis Clinical signs Treatment Vaccine Conclusion References

Introduction

Fish borne zoonotic diseases means those diseases which are transmitted directly by consuming raw and improperly cooked fish meat or Indirectly via contaminated water from the surroundings of infected fish

Cholera is one of the most important disease which is transmitted from fish

Brief about Fish

Cold Blooded Animal Largest number of living animal species

approx. 28,200 nos. India rank the second highest producing

country Fisheries contribute 1.07 % of national GDP,

and 5.30 % to agriculture sector Over 1.5 m of people employed in fisheries

Importance

Food supply Good income source Employment Better nutritive profile of fish meat Omega-3 polysaturate fatty is found only in

fish meat Ornamental and pet fish

Disease of Fish

Causes of fish disease

Non-Infectious Diseases

Infectious Diseases

Nutritional Diseases Viral Diseases

Environmental Diseases

Bacterial Diseases

Chemical Diseases ParasiticDiseases

Physiological Diseases

Fungal Diseases

Non-Infectious Diseases

Sunburn Nutritional gill disease

Non-Infectious

Lordosis

Gas Bubble

Scoliosis

Zoonotic Fish Diseases

Vibriosis Mycobacteriosis Aeromonasis Pseudomoniasis Campylobactiosis Erysipelas

Leptosprirosis Botulisim Edwardsiella Escherichia coli Salmonella spp

Bacterial Zoonosis

Zoonotic Fish Diseases

Parasitic caused of zoonotic Diseases of fish

Nematode Capillaris philippinensis Gnathostomiasis hispidium

Trematode Clonorchis sinensis Opistorchis viverrini

Cestode Diphyllobothrium latum

Infectious Fish Disease

0

510

1520

25

3035

40 No. Countries No. Laboratories

Vibriosis in fish

World wide distribution Characterized by a typical

hemorrhagic septicaemia Most susceptible in Salmon and Trout

Etiology

Vibrio aguillarum Gram –ve, facultative, motile, curve-

rod 23-O serotypes, O-1 and O-2 are

pathogenic and to a lesser extent O-3.

Transmission: Horizontal transmission:

Infected fecal material Secretion

Clinical Findings and Lesions

Reddening Red/Brown gills Necrosis of

Eyeball

Histopathological

Vacoulation and necrosis of pancreatic acinar cell

Necrotic foci in liver

Diagnosis

Slide agglutination or ELISA test have been develop for fast diagnosis (do not distinguish serotype)

PCR based diagnosis was developed for accurate diagnosis and the target gene is rpoN which code for sigma factor 54

“Cholera” Vibriosis in Human

History

1st Pandemic, 1817-1823: (Ganges in Calcutta) 10,000 British army and hundred thousands of natives were died, spread by trade routes – Iran, Baku, Astrakhan, Russia

2nd Pandemic, 1829-1852 : Spread to Bengal, Afghanistan, Asia, Moscow, England, US with death toll of billion people

3rd Pandemic, 1852-1859: Began in Bengal, Britain and Europe are affected

History

Dr. John Snow mapped out to find the caused as water borne infection from Broad

Street Pump on 3rd Pandemic

4th Pandemic, 1863-1879: From Egypt to Europe

5th Pandemic, 1881-1896: Began in India, spread east and west countries

Thread & Discovery

Biological weapons: during 2nd World war, UK & US used cholera as a biological weapons to disrupt the operation on the Chinese people, approximately 60,000 are believed to die on these attacks.

Discovery: In 1883 - Robert Koch cultured and found out V. cholerae (Nobel Prize in Medicine, 1905)

History

6th Pandemic, 1961-present: From Pacific Islands to Asia, Bangladesh, India, USSR, Iran, Iraq

7th Pandemic, in 1991: (Latin America, Peru) 4,000 dead of 400,000 cases

8th Pandemic, in 1992? a new serogroup cholera epidemic erupted in Madras, southern India which having a non-O1 serotype, called O139

Distribution

Etiology

Vibrio cholera

Gram –ve, facultative, motile, curve-rod Enrichment Medium- Alkanie Peptone Broth Classified into 206 “O” serogroups Until now infection, only 3-strains are isolated

Tow serogroups of O1: Classical & El Tor Non-O1 serogroup O139 (newly found in Bengal,

1992) Free living in aquatic environment More common in warm water (17-20oC) Commonly isolated from fish, shellfish and

Oyster

Serotypes

Transmission

Pathogenesis

Colonization of bacteria on the intestine

Subsequent growth

Release of cholera toxin

Pathogenesis

B-subunit binds to GM1 –receptor, activates A-subunit to delivered in the cytosol

Convert ADP-ribose to GTP by using NADP shunt

Activate adenyl cyclase cycle, resulting intracellular accumulation of cAMP

Pathogenesis

Increased cAMP in the intestinal epithelial cells inhibit the Na+/Cl- transport system

Accumulation of NaCl in the intestinal lumen

Water moves passively to lumen to maintain osmolality Watery diarrhea

1 2

3 4

Clinical Findings

Mild diarrhea suddenly change to Severe diarrhea

Vomition Muscle cramps/severe pain Watery stools:

Colorless Odorless

Death attributable to: Hypovolemic shock due low blood plasma

Diagnosis

Laboratory identification:

Examination of stool for the presence of bacteria Microscopy

Selective/Differential media- TCBS agar- Vibrio cholera grow as yellow colonies

Treatment

Rehydration

Treatment

AntibioticsAntibiotic Administration Dose (children)

mg/kgDose (adults)

mg

1st choiceTetracycline

Doxycycline

QID x 3 days

One single dose

12.5

6

500

300

2nd choiceErythromycin

Furazolidione

QID x 3 days(adults)

BD x 3 days

QID x 3 days

10

1.25

250

100

Vaccine

Oral vaccine- Dukoral

Conclusions

Fisheries is a important tool of self employment

Fish meat has good nutritive profile They also play an important role in

transmission of zoonotic diseases.

Prevention

Sanitation Hygienic Clean drinking water

THANK YOU!...

References

A.E. Toranzo (2000), Report about fish bacterial diseases, University of Santiago de Compostela, Faculty of Biology, Institute of Aquaculture Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Campus Sur; 56:87-101

Uffe B.S,Skov Orensen and Jens Laurits Larsen (1986), Serotyping of Vibrio anguillarum, Applied and environmental microbiology; 51: 593-597

J. Glen Morris (2003), Cholera and other types of vibriosis, A story of human pandemics and oysters on the half shell, Food safety; 3:272-290

Cyrille Goarantll, Jose Herlin R, Raphael Brizard (2000), A Toxic factors of Vibrio strains pathogenic to shrimp, Diseases of aaquatic organism; 40: 101-107.

A. Dufour (2003),Water-related zoonosis disease impacts — geographical prevalence, Water borne zoonosis; 3:90-150