fish diversity iv. phylum chordata –superclass agnatha class pteraspidomorphi † class myxini (?)...
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Fish Diversity IV
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• Phylum Chordata– Superclass Agnatha
•Class Pteraspidomorphi †•Class Myxini (?)•Class Cephalaspidomorphi
– Superclass Gnathostomata•Class Placodermi †•Class Chondrychthyes •Class Acanthodii †•Class Sarcopterygii•Class Actinopterygii
Fish Taxa Diversity
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Mobile premaxillae & other osteological characteristics
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Division TELEOSTEI
Synapomorphy:-Mobile premaxillae-urostyle and uroneurals present; caudal fin usually homocercal
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Subdivision Osteoglossomorpha
• Order Osteoglossiformes (6 fam.)– Most primitive teleosts– Freshwater– Tooth plate on tongue bites against
roof of mouth, intestine lies left of stomach• Osteoglossidae (bony tongues)• Notopteridae (knifefishes)• Mormyridae (elephantfishes)• Gymnarchidae
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Subdivision Elopomorpha• Leptocephalus larva (long lived, no red blood
cells)
• Saltwater – Order Elopiformes (2 fam.)
• Elopidae (ladyfishes)• Megalopidae (tarpons)
– Order Albuliformes (3 fam.)• Albulidae (bonefishes)
– Order Anguilliformes (15 fam.)• Anguillidae (freshwater eels)• Muraenidae (moray eels)• Ophyctidae (snake eels)
– Order Saccopharyngiformes (4 fam.)• Snipe eels, Swallowers, Pelican eels
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RIOS OCEANO
Anguila amarilla
Angulón
Angula
Anguila plateada
Huevos
Larva Leptocefala
Reproducción Reproducción
Leptocephalus larvae
OCEAN RIVERS
Reproduction
Eggs
Glass eel
Elver
Yellow eel
Silver eel
CATADROMOUSMigration
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Subdivision Clupeomorpha
• Order Clupeiformes (5 fam.)– Gas bladder that connects with the ear– Most abundant fishes in the world– Pelagic environment, schooling behavior– Marine (freshwater and anadromous)
• Clupeidae (herring and sardines)• Engraulidae (anchovies)• Chirocentridae (Wolf herrings)
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Division TELEOSTEISubdivision EUTELEOSTI
Synapomorphy:-Presence of adipose fin
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Superorder Ostariophysi• Inner ear-gas bladder bone connection• Response to chemical alarm substances• Freshwater
– Order Cypriniformes (5 fam.)• Cyprinidae (largest FW family-2000 spp.)
minnows, shiners, carp, zebrafishes…
• Catostomidae (suckers)
– Order Characiformes (10 fam.)• Characidae (large tropical FW family) pirahnas, tetras, S. American darters…
– Order Siluriformes (34 fam.)• Fusion skull bones, vomerine teeth, adipose fin, no
scales, 1-4 pairs of barbels (CATFISH)
• Ictaluridae, siluridae, Ariidae, Calychthydae…
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Superorder Protacanthopterygii• (still under revision)
– Order Esociformes (2 fam.)• Esocidae (pike, pickerel)• Umbridae (mudminnows)
– Order Osmeriformes (13 fam.)• Osmeridae (smelts)• Sarangidae (icefish)…
– Order Salmoniformes (1 fam.)• Salmonidae (trout, salmon, char, grayling)
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TELEOSTEIEUTELEOSTI
NEOTELEOSTS
Synapomorphy:-First vertebrae articulation to skull-Retractor dorsalis muscle-Muscular lift of pharyngeal jaws-Hinged tooth attachment
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Superorder Stenopterygii
• Order Stomiiformes (4 fam.)– Deep sea (mesopelagic and
bathypelagic environment)– 200-4000 m of depth– Long teeth, unique photophores
• Gonostomatidae (bristlemouths)• Sternoptychidae (marine hatchetfishes)• Stomiidae (dragonfishes, viperfishes)
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Superorder Cyclosquamata
• Order Aulopiformes (13 fam.)– Cycloid scales– Mainly pelagic and abyssal
environments• Synodontidae (lizardfishes)• Giganturidae (telescopefishes)• Alepisauridae (lancetfishes)• ....
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Superorder Scopelomorpha
• Order Myctophiformes (2 fam.)– Ctenoid scales, photophores– Missing first pharyngeal tooth plate– Commonly perform diel vertical
migrations– Mesopelagic environment
• Myctophidae (lanterfishes)
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TELEOSTEIEUTELEOSTI
NEOTELEOSTSACANTHOMORPHA
Synapomorphy:-True fin spines (Spiny Telesots)-Strengthening of vertebral accesories-No teeth on maxillae
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Superorder Lampridiomorpha
• Order Lampridiformes (7 fam.)– Unique mandiblar protrusion mechanism– Marine pelagic environments
• Lamprididae (opahs)• Radiicephalidae (ribbonfishes)• Regalecidae (oarfishes)
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Superorder Polymixiomorpha
• Order Polymixiiformes (1 fam.)– (uncertain taxonomic status)– Large eyes and chin barbels– Marine environments– Medium depths (200-600m)
• Polymixiidae (beardfishes)
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Superorder Paracanthopterygii
• Marine benthic environments• Order Percopsiformes (3 fam.)
– Amblyopsidae (cavefishes)
• Order Ophidiiformes (5 fam.)– Carapidae (pearlfishes)– Ophidiidae (cusk eels)
• Order Gadiformes (12 fam.)– Gadidae (cods)– Merluciidae (hakes)
• Order Batrachoidiformes (1 fam.)– Batrachoididae (toadfishes and midshipmen)
• Order Lophiiformes (16 fam.)– Lophiidae (monkfishes)– Antennariidae (frogfishes).....