Fish NutritionFish Nutrition

DefinitionsDefinitions Amino AcidAmino Acid

– A building block for proteins; an organic acid A building block for proteins; an organic acid containing one or more amino groups (-NH2) containing one or more amino groups (-NH2) and at least on carboxylic acid group (-COOH)and at least on carboxylic acid group (-COOH)

ProteinProtein– naturally occurring complex combinations of naturally occurring complex combinations of

amino acids that contain the elements carbon, amino acids that contain the elements carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, and several other elementshydrogen, nitrogen, and several other elements

LipidLipid– FatsFats

DefinitionDefinition

Vitamin Vitamin – An organic compound occurring in An organic compound occurring in

minute amounts in foods and minute amounts in foods and essential for numerous metabolic essential for numerous metabolic reactionsreactions

Fatty AcidFatty Acid– organic acid present in lipids, varying organic acid present in lipids, varying

in carbon content from 2 to 34 atomsin carbon content from 2 to 34 atoms

Digestive System Digestive System ComponentsComponents

MouthMouth PharynxPharynx esophagusesophagus stomachstomach pyloruspylorus intestineintestine liverliver gallbladdergallbladder

Feeding ClassificationsFeeding Classifications

CarnivoresCarnivores HerbivoresHerbivores OmnivoresOmnivores

Feeding ClassificationsFeeding Classificationsbased on feeding habitsbased on feeding habits Predator - troutPredator - trout Grazer - MulletGrazer - Mullet Strainer - Menhaden, bighead Strainer - Menhaden, bighead Suckers - Buffalofish, carpSuckers - Buffalofish, carp Parasites- lampreyParasites- lamprey

Energy in FeedEnergy in Feed

released during the breakdown of released during the breakdown of carbohydrates, amino acids and carbohydrates, amino acids and fatsfats

Fish cold bloodedFish cold blooded

Factors Effecting Energy Factors Effecting Energy UseUse

AgeAge Composition of the dietComposition of the diet Light exposureLight exposure Physiological activityPhysiological activity SizeSize SpeciesSpecies Water temperatureWater temperature

Energy LossesEnergy Losses

What is a CarbohydrateWhat is a Carbohydrate

Any of the various neutral Any of the various neutral compounds of carbon, hydrogen, compounds of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, such as sugars, and oxygen, such as sugars, starches and celluloses. starches and celluloses.

Most of these carbohydrates can Most of these carbohydrates can be used as an energy source for be used as an energy source for animalsanimals

Carbohydrate StructureCarbohydrate Structure

Essential Fatty AcidsEssential Fatty AcidsWhy are they important?Why are they important? Required for normal growth and Required for normal growth and

developmentdevelopment Cannot be synthesized by the bodyCannot be synthesized by the body Function as part of the cell Function as part of the cell

membrane membrane Precursor for other biochemicalsPrecursor for other biochemicals ie.linolenic acid, linoleic and ie.linolenic acid, linoleic and

docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)

Fatty AcidFatty Acid

Fatty AcidsFatty Acids

Too LittleToo Little– skin lesions, heart problems, reduced growth skin lesions, heart problems, reduced growth

rate, reduced feed efficiency, poor rate, reduced feed efficiency, poor reproductive performance, increased reproductive performance, increased mortalitymortality

Too MuchToo Much– imbalance of digestible energy to crude imbalance of digestible energy to crude

protein rationprotein ration– excessive deposition of fat in the body excessive deposition of fat in the body

cavity & tissuescavity & tissues

ProteinsProteins

Provide energyProvide energy Supply amino acidsSupply amino acids meet requirements for functional meet requirements for functional

proteins - enzymes, hormones and proteins - enzymes, hormones and structural proteinsstructural proteins

Essential Amino AcidsEssential Amino Acids

Histidine Histidine Isoleucine Isoleucine LeucineLeucine LysineLysine ThreonineThreonine

Arginine Arginine PhenylalaninePhenylalanine MethionineMethionine TrypophanTrypophan ValineValine

HILL TAP MTV

Amino AcidsAmino Acids

Protein and FishProtein and Fish

Protein requirements higher than Protein requirements higher than warm-blooded animalswarm-blooded animals

Requirement declines with ageRequirement declines with age Animal proteins are generally Animal proteins are generally

better but cost morebetter but cost more Combination of proteins more Combination of proteins more

effective than single sourceeffective than single source

Protein RequirementsProtein Requirements

Protein DeficiancyProtein Deficiancy

Reduction in weight gainReduction in weight gain Cataracts in salmonidsCataracts in salmonids curved spinescurved spines Disruption of the metabolism of Disruption of the metabolism of

mineralsminerals

VitaminsVitamins Water SolubleWater Soluble Vitamin CVitamin C ThiamineThiamine RiboflavinRiboflavin Pyridoxine (B6)Pyridoxine (B6) PanothenicPanothenic NiacinNiacin BiotinBiotin FolateFolate Vitamin B12Vitamin B12 Choline and MyoinositolCholine and Myoinositol

Fat SolubleFat Soluble Vitamin AVitamin A Vitamin DVitamin D Vitamin EVitamin E Vitamin KVitamin K

Vitamin FunctionsVitamin Functions

Vit. C - formation of connective Vit. C - formation of connective tissue, bone matrix, and wound tissue, bone matrix, and wound repairs. Iron absorptionrepairs. Iron absorption

Vit. A - sight, growth, repro,resist Vit. A - sight, growth, repro,resist infection and maintain body infection and maintain body coveringscoverings

Vit. D - helps the body work with Vit. D - helps the body work with calciumcalcium

Vitamin C DeficiencyVitamin C Deficiency

See notes in notebook for See notes in notebook for completion of sectioncompletion of section