fish passage from the tidewater to the sierras workshop ...fish passage from the tidewater to the...
TRANSCRIPT
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Fish Passage from the Tidewater to the Sierras Workshop - Fish Passage at High Dams - Part 1
35th Annual Salmonid Restoration Conference held in Davis, CA from March 29 – April 1, 2017.
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Fish Passage from the Tidewater to the Sierras
Fish Passage at High Dams: Modern Challenges and Solutions to Addressing Uncertainty
35th Annual Salmonid Restoration ConferenceMarch 30, 2017Davis, California
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Acknowledgements• American Fisheries Society – Bioengineering
Section• California Department of Fish and Wildlife• HDR Engineering, Inc.• NOAA – National Marine and Fisheries Service• Reclamation• Salmonid Restoration Federation• Special thanks to:
– U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Portland District– U.S. Geological Survey
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Today’s Speakers
• Michael Garello, PE - HDR Engineering, Inc.• John Hannon - Reclamation• Jonathon Mann, PE – CDFW• Richard Wantuck – NMFS
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Overview of Today’s Workshop
• Regulatory Drivers• The fish passage feasibility and design process• Fish Passage Technologies• Key Fish Passage Parameters• Break• Case Studies 1: Santa Felicia Dam• Case Studies 2: Shasta Dam• Panel Discussion 1: Upstream volitional passage• Panel Discussion 2: Downstream passage and applicability
of lessons learned from the Pacific Northwest
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Factors Influencing Fish Passage Project Development in California
Rick WantuckNOAA Fisheries – West Coast Region
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Rick WantuckNOAA Fisheries – West Coast Region
Salmonid Restoration Federation - 35th Annual ConferenceDavis, California - March 30 , 2017
Factors Influencing Fish Passage Project Development in California
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• Why Anadromous Fish Passage?
• Passage for Which Species?
• What factors influence fish passage decisions in California?
• What is the Status of select fish passage projects in key California watersheds?
TOPICS
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Factors Influencing Fish Management Actions & Fish Passage Decisions at High Head Dams
• Status of Anadromous Fish populations
• ESA Recovery Plans; State Conservation Plans
• Collaborative Fish Passage/Habitat Restoration
• Federal-State Regulatory Actions
• Stakeholder Intervention-Environmental Lawsuits
• Multiple Uses of Water Resources
• Current and Future Utility of Dam Structure
• Feasibility and Cost of Fish Passage
• Availability of Funding and Human Resources
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ESA-listed anadromous fish populations in California (NMFS 2016 Status Review)
Central Valley Steelhead – ThreatenedCentral Valley Spring-run Chinook – ThreatenedCentral Valley Green Sturgeon – ThreatenedCentral Valley Winter-run Chinook – EndangeredSONCC Coho – ThreatenedNorth Coast Chinook - ThreatenedCentral Coast Chinook - ThreatenedCentral Coast Coho – EndangeredSouth-Central Coast Steelhead – ThreatenedSouthern California Steelhead - Endangered
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Fish Passage at California Dams
Target Species:
• Chinook salmon winter-run, spring-run, fall-run, late fall-run• Coho Salmon
• Steelhead
• Green Sturgeon
• Resident species
Safe, timely, and effective passage required for adult and juvenile fish in upstream and downstream directions
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Fresno
Redding
Sacramento
Fresno
Redding
Sacramento
Post-Dam Era: Habitat Blocked (black)
Pre-Dam Era: Steelhead Habitat(blue)
DAMS BLOCK ACCESS TO HISTORIC HABITATEXAMPLE: CALIFORNIA CENTRAL VALLEY “RIM DAMS”
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California: Multiple Use Watersheds
• Flood Control
• Hydropower
• Water Supply, Storage and Delivery
• Recreation and Fishing
• Anadromous fish…and other native species
• “Ecosystem Services”
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Fish Passage Decision Analysisfor determining appropriateness of upstream fish passage
• Is historic habitat blocked?
• Is blocked habitat is potentially viable?
- quantity/quality of viable habitat?
- habitat productivity?
- contribution toward recovery?
• Is fish passage technologically feasible?
• What is the cost of fish passage?
• Will restored access to habitat
appreciably contribute to resource
management goals for watershed
or fishery?
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Regulatory ActionsFederal-State
Collaborative Fish Passage Programs
FERC Settlements
Cooperative Recovery Actions
ESA Recovery Plans Habitat Conservation
Plans 10(j) Experimental
Populations Safe Harbor
Agreements
ESA: Section 7, 10
FPA: Section 18 Fish Passage Prescriptions, 4(e) Conditions
CWA:401 Water Quality Certification
CA Water Code:CA Division of Dam Safety
CA. Fish & Game CodeCh.3, S-5900 CDFW
Drivers of Fish Passage Project Decision-Making
NEPA
CEQA
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Collaborative Partnerships
Regulatory Actions
Legal Actions:Judicial Review
FPA
ESA
CEQA
Dam Safety
CWA
NEPA Fish Passage Project
Recovery Plans
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…Commission must determine [project] will be best adapted to a comprehensive plan for improving or developing the waterway.
In addition to…power/development purposes… Commission must give equal consideration to energy conservation and the protection and enhancement of fish and wildlife, aesthetics, cultural resources, and recreational opportunities
FERC’s Standard for Issuing Long-Term Hydropower Licenses under the Federal Power Act
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DAM REMOVAL &HABITAT RESTORATION
VOLITIONAL, “NON-ASSISTED” FISH PASSAGE
NON-VOLITIONAL, “ASSISTED FISH PASSAGE “
Range of Fish Passage Approaches
Geomorphic <------------------------------------------------------------> Engineered(Natural) (Unnatural)
“Stationary” “Mobile”“Passive” “Active”
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INC
REA
SIN
G P
ERFO
RM
AN
CE
RIS
K (
?)
INCREASING COMPLEXITY AND LONG TERM COSTS (?)
INCREASING ECOSYSTEM INTEGRITY AND BENEFITS
INC
REA
SIN
G H
AB
ITA
T C
ON
NEC
TIV
ITY
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Status of Some Fish Passage Projects at high dams in California
San Clemente Dam (removed)
Matilija Dam
Klamath River Mainstem Dams
Shasta, Folsom, New Melones Dams
Oroville-Feather River
Santa Felicia Dam
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San Clemente DamCarmel RiverRemoved 2015
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Matilija DamMatilija Creek(near Ojai, CA)
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1948 PhotoMatilija Dam
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Matilija Dam(near Ojai, CA)
• Sediment Filled Reservoir (~6M Yds^3)
• Lost Utility as Water Supply or Flood Control
Sediment Transport Modeling/Analysis
Preliminary Fish Passage Plan; Rapid removal sequence 2 (plugged) penetrations at
base of dam Explosion of plugged
orifices to initiate drawdown
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Matilija Dam Removal Status
• Dam Removal Movement Began About the Time of NMFS’ ESA Listing
• Fish Passage to Upper Watershed Habitats Identified in NMFS Southern California Steelhead Recovery Plan
• Dam No Longer Serves Any Useful Functions; removal is feasible
• Technical Working Groups identified a preferred alternative for removal
• More Leadership, Funding, and Permitting are needed to trigger Implementation
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Copco 1 Dam
JC Boyle Dam
Copco 2 Dam
Iron Gate Dam
Four Klamath River Mainstem Dams
Copco 2 Dam
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Iron Gate Dam
Dams have blocked or impeded access to over 400 miles of historic habitats since 1918.
No anadromous fish exist in Project Reach today due to Iron Gate Dam.
No Salmon Passage Into
Project Reach:
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Iron Gate
Dam
Copco 1 & 2
Dam
JC Boyle
Dam
Keno
Dam*
Slide Scotch CampJenny Fall
Shovel
Miners Spencer Clover
Sevenmile Williamson
Meryl
Wood Spring
Fivemile NF Sprague
Link
DamSprague
O R E G O N
C A L I F O R N I A
0 5 10
Miles
UPPER
KLAMATH
LAKE
*Keno Dam currently supports fish passageKlamath River
Link River
Lake Ewauna
SF Sprague
Need for Fish Passage
Approx. 58 miles of Habitat is Blocked in the Project Reach.
Over 350 miles of Habitat above the Project
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Klamath Fisheries- All Species: Heavily impacted by drought
• Coho – Listed ESA threatened in 1997.
• Chinook -• Spring run once dominant above UKL,
now remnant• Fall Run now predominant
commercial/tribal/sport run. Low numbers in 2006 lead to fishery restrictions.
• Lamprey – Important to Tribes
• Steelhead – Important sport fish, O.mykiss above Iron Gate could revert to anadromy if passage provided.
• Redband Trout – Important sport fish, listed sensitive species in Oregon.
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Klamath River Mainstem Dams: Dam Removal
2001-2006 FERC Relicensing (Federal Power Act)- NMFS/USFWS Joint Section 18 Fish Passage Prescriptions- Klamath Trial-Type Hearing
2006-2012 Multiple Stakeholder Negotiations- Agreement in Principle to Remove Dams, Allocate Water
Resources, Protect Economic Interest
April 2016 – Amendment of KHSA - DOI, NOAA, PacifiCorp, Oregon, California- Return to FERC Process for Dam Decommissioning and Removal by non-profit Klamath River Renewal Corp (KRRC)
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SHASTA DAM – SACRAMENTO RIVER
FOLSOM DAM – AMERICAN RIVER
New Melones Dam – Stanislaus River
NMFS 2009 CVP-OCAP Biological Opinion
“Reasonable and Prudent Alternative”
Fish Passage Programs for salmon and steelhead
Upper watershed habitats
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Shasta Dam Sacramento River
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Downstream Passage AlternativesFloating Surface Collector
Montgomery-Watson-Harza 2010
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Downstream Passage AlternativesFloating Surface Collector
Montgomery-Watson-Harza 2010
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Shasta Reservoir and Upper Tributaries:Upper Sacramento, McCloud, Pit Rivers
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Downstream Passage AlternativesTributary Diversions and Fish Screens
Slide Credit: MWH 2010
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Oroville DamFeather River
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Oroville Dam
& Feather River Hydroelectric Projects
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Feather River FERC Licensed Hydroelectric Projects
CA Department of Water ResourcesOroville-Feather River – Project No. 2100762 MW
Pacific Gas and Electric* Upper North Fork Feather River- Project No. 21053 dams, 5 power plants, 362 MW
* Rock Creek Cresta- Project No. 1962185 MW
* Poe – Project No. 2107143 MW
South Feather Water & Power Agency –FERC Project No. 2088 104 MW
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Feather River Hydroelectric Project(s)
DWR and PG&E operating on annual licenses authorized by FERC
Habitat Expansion Agreement (2007-2010)
NMFS December 5, 2016 Biological Opinion – no jeopardy
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Santa Felicia Dam - Piru CreekSanta Clara River Watershed
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Santa Felicia Dam – Project No. 2153
Licensee: United Water Conservation District
FERC issued 40 year license 9/2008
NMFS submitted FPA 10(j) recommendations 2007
NMFS Jeopardy Biological Opinion
(ESA) Habitat Conservation Plan
Fish Passage Study and Report
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Discussion ?
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Questions?
Rick WantuckRegional SupervisorEnvironmental Services Branch SupervisorNOAA/National Marine Fisheries ServiceSanta Rosa, CA [email protected]