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Fishing

PROJECT PLANNING GUIDE

OBJECTIVES OF THE 4-H FISHING PROJECT

NOTE:

To learn about the fun of fishing and how to catch fish easily.

To learn about freshwater and saltwater fish; their biology andpreferred habitats.

To learn the various types of fishing gear and which types are bestsuited for catching different fish.

To understand the reasons for laws regulating the taking of fish.

To learn to conserve North Carolina's living and water resources.

EXTENSION RESOURCE MATERIALS

4-H WILDLIFE PROJECT SERIES:Fishing (Bait, Spin, Fly Casting & Safety), SN-442Fish Culture, SW-419Fish Identification and Display, SW-417Making Artificial Lures, SW-439Raising Crickets, SN-421Raising Earthworms, SW—420

This 4-H Fishing Project Planning Guide is designed for use with theNational Youth Fishing Program packet produced by the AFTMA FishingEducational Foundation. Components of the AFTMA Fishing Program usefulin completing this project are:

"Fishing - Fundamentals for Beginning Anglers" - Student's EditionAll About Fishing RodsAll About Fishing ReelsAll About Fishing LuresAll About Fishing AccessoriesHow to Catch Fish in FresthaterHow to Catch Fish in Salt Water

References: A simple inexpensive guide to fishing is “Fishing" by GeorgeS. Fischter and Phil Francis. Golden Guide Series, 1965.

LEVEL 1(9- to 11-year-olds)

Things to Learn

What Is A Fish?

1. How do fish breathe?i

2. Parts of a fish.

3. Can fish see color?How do fish hear?How do fish smell and tastetheir food? 'How do fish swim?

4. How to catch fish with a dipnet.

5. How pond animals hatch fromeggs.

Things to Do

Visit a city aquarium or aquariumstore.Ask the manager to explain how fishbreathe.

Go to the library. Check out a book onfish. Draw a fish and label its parts.Use the words:

mouth pectoral finnostril dorsal fineye anal finlateral line caudal finpelvic fin scalesoperculum (gill cover)

Draw the internal structure of a fish.Label the parts:kidney intestine heartspinal column gonads' liverswim bladder stomach brain

Dissect a fish and learn the inside..parts.

Read a book about fish. Report to yourclub.

Watch a fish as it swims in an aquariumor pond. Watch its fins closely andtry to see how each is used in balanc-ing, turning and stopping. How does ituse its body to swim?

Make a dip net with a pole, a coathanger, and an old stocking. Catchsome small fish in the shallow water ofa pond. Look at them closely.

Make a temporary pool with a sheet ofplastic on the bank of a lake orstream. Catch fish, frogs, etc., witha dip net and place them in the pool.Learn the names of the animals youcatch. Return them to the stream.

Observe the hatching of frogs, fish orsnails at home over a Zeweek periodusing an aquarium bucket, jar or bowl.Report to your club.

.....

Things to Learn Things to Do6.

10.

11.

12.

How to tie fishing knots.

How to fish with a hand line.

Learn the parts of a cane polefishing rig including:a. rod e. leaderb. line f. hookc. float g. hook holderd. sinker

Which size hooks should be usedfor:a. Bluegill e. Croakerb. Catfish f. Spotc. Crappie 9. Blue fishd. Bass

Learn hook safety and what to doif you are accidentally hooked.

Natural baits - freshwater.

Natural baits - saltwater.

10.

11.

12.

Read AFTMA's "All About Fishing Lines."

Demonstrate how to tie:a. improved clinch knotb. fisherman's knotc. blood knotd. two knots of your choiceExplain the best use for each knot.

Make a knot tying display board. Showthe steps in tying each knot. Use thematerials you would actually use; thenillustrate each knot with small rope.Ask a fisherman to show you how to casta hand line. Try to catch a fish withnatural or artificial bait.

Make your own fishing rig complete withall the parts listed.

Visit a local tackle store. Examinevarious types of hooks, bobbers, linesinkers, and leaders. Ask a salesper-son to give you a hook guide and toexplain the uses of each type of equip-ment.

Make and label a hook display showinghook sizes, types and safety. Explainto your club.

Before going on a fishing trip, go outand collect some of the natural baitsfound in your area.a. Minnows d. Leechesb. Crayfish e. Insectsc. Worms f. Frogs

Collect natural baits for your fishingtrip. Find out which bait is best forthe fish you are trying to catch. Trycollecting: .a. Small fish mullet

menhadeneelskillifishsilversides

Things to Learn Things to Do

13.

14.

15.

Learn how to use a cast net.

How to equip a tackle box.

Basic first aid and safety.

13.

14.

15.

. ShrimpMole crabs

. CrabsShellfishSquid

. WormsLD—thnU‘'Learn where each of the baits above canbe found. Demonstrate proper method of-hooking each of the baits listed above.

Cast nets are often used to catchshrimp and small bait fish. A cast netis circular with weighted edges. Youcan find cast nets in most tackle orsporting goods stores.

Ask a fisherman to show you the propermethod of throwing a cast net and prac-tice! Use a cast net to catch your ownbait. Demonstrate how to throw a castnet at a 4-H meeting.

Carefully plan your tackle box. Yourfishing trips will be more fun if,youinclude a few important tools andaccessories needed for fishing.

Ask a fisherman to show your club whatis needed in a tackle box. Keep yourtackle box neat and orderly.

If you do not already know how to swim,LEARN!

Knowing basic first aid is important toevery fisherman. Enroll in the 4-HFirst Aid Project to learn theseskills. Include a first aid kit inyour tackle box.

Water safety officers from the WildlifeResources Commission are available totalk to your club about water and boatsafety. To find out who your localwater safety officer is, call tollfree: 1-800-662-7137.

Put on a skit with your club about whatto do when an accident occurs in water.Demonstrate:a. What to do when your friend falls

out of a boat.

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16. Learn about a variety of fish.

17. How to compare fishing trips andhow to find which fishingtechniques work best for you.

16.

17.

b. What to do when you fall out of aboat in very cold water.

c. How to save a person from drowning.d. How to prevent boating accidents.

With a boat pulled on shore or in some-one's yard, show how to practice boat-ing safety. Split your group in half.One group should show all the wrongpractices of boating safety (boatcrowded, no lights, no life preservers,etc.). Have the rest of the groupguess what you're trying to show andcorrect for boat safety.

Learn hook safety and what to do if youare accidentally hooked ("Fishing“ -Student's Edition - pg. 40-41). Makeand label a hook display board showinghook sizes, types, and safety. Explainto your club.

A. Learn to identify 10 freshwaterfish. (If you live in freshwaterareas catch five different fish andreport on each.)

Draw each fish and color it as itappears when it is first caught. Drawa line to the characteristics that helpyou identify it.

Write a short paragraph about eachfish. Explain:a. What the fish eats.b. Where the fish can be found.c. When the fish spawns (lays

e995).

B. Do the same for 10 saltwater fish.If you live in a saltwater area,catch five different saltwaterfish.

Keep a fishing log. Write down thenumber of hours you spend fishing.Record:a. Dateb. Time

. Number and kinds of fish caughtBait used

. Fishing rig used

. Water temperature

. Weather conditionsLQ—thO


18.

19.

How to return fish to thewater without damage.

Care of your catch.

18.

19.

IncTude the drawings from No. 16 in theback of your fishing Tog.

Remember! - Good sportsmen andsportswomen reiease their catch if thefish are not used for food. Fish mustbe returned to the water correctiy orthey wiTT die.

Find out the proper methods ofreturning fish to water. (Refer toAFTMA "Fishing Fundamentais forBeginner Angiers" pg. 19-20.) Catchfive fish and return them to the water.Demonstrate to your cTub.

Learn the proper way to clean fish.FiTiet severaT fish.

Find out how to store fish untii youreach home. (Refer to: "Don't WasteThat Fish" - Sea Grant Pubiication.)

Practice the proper methods of freezingfish.

PTan an overnight fishing trip. CTeanthe fish you catch and cook them over acampfire.

(


Things to Do

1.

2.

Things to Learn

Fishing regulations and 1.licenses.

Learn how to construct a rod and 2.reel outfit.

The N. C. Wildlife Resources Commission(Inland Fishing) and the N. C. MarineFisheries Commission (Coastal Fishing)serve to protect and manage our fishingresources. Visit with a local enforce-ment officer from one of these agen-cies. Find out:a. What types of fishing are legal in

yoUr area and across the state(snagging, bow and arrow, speargun)?

b. What the creel (number of fish) andsize limits are for fish in yourarea?

c. Why fishing laws are necessary?d. What age person needs a fishing

license?e. How is the money that is collected

for fishing licenses used?f. What do Wildlife or Marine Fisheries

enforcement officers do?

Make a picture display showing thetypes of sport fish which are legal inyour area and the creel (number offish) and size limits on each.

For information about inland fishinglaws and licenses and to meet yourlocal wildlife enforcement officer,call toll free: 1-800-662-7137 or inthe Raleigh area 733-7191.

For information about coastal fishinglaws, open seasons for shellfishing andto meet your local Marine Fisheriesenforcement officer, call toll free:1-800-682-2632.

Build a rod and reel using a cane pole,cork, rings, and single action reel.

Practice using the rod and reel combi-nation.


Fishing With Castinggkod and Reel

3.

4.

5.

Learn selection, care, assembly,and disassembly of a spincasting outfit.

Artificial lures.What kind?What for?

Learn to make your ownartificial lures.

Visit a sporting goods store. Examinethe types of lines, lures, rods andreels available. Ask a salesperson toexplain the uses of the various typesof equipment.

Concentrate on the gear you will beusing in your first outing.

Give a demonstration on the proper wayto assemble, disassemble, and care fora rod and reel. Include oiling andattachment of line, leader and lure.

Demonstrate to your leader your abilityto execute with spinning tackle:a. an overhead castb. side castc. flip cast

Cast with a practice plug until you areable to place the plug in the center ofan old tire four times out of five at35 feet.

Become familiar with the six basictypes of lures. (Refer to AFTMA - "AllAbout Fishing Lures.")a. spoons d. jigsb. spinners e. plugsc. imitations-soft plastic f. flies

Find out how lures are designed forvarious types of fishing rigs.

Try fishing with several of the lureslisted above. Record your results.

Refer to Wildlife Project - MakingArtificial Lures, SW-439, for step-by-step instructions.

Display your hand-made lures at a localfair.

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6. Learn to fish with bait castingand spin casting fishing rigs.

Saltwater Fishing - How and Where

7.

8.

Pier or bottom fishing.

Surf fishing.

Explain the difference between baitcasting and spin casting reels and howthey operate. (Refer to AFTMA - "AllAbout Fishing Reels.")

Demonstrate to your leader your abilityto bait cast.

Demonstrate to your leader your abilityto spin cast.

Ask a representative of a localangler's society to present a programon bass fishing in your area.

Visit a bass tournament. Become famil-iar with rules, weigh in procedures andfish handling.

Explore pier or bottom fishing tech-niques.

Become familiar with:a. Bottom fishing tackle

Rods and reelsHooks and baitSinkersBottom rigs

b. Where is bottom fishing the mostproductive in your area (brokenrocky bottom, shellfish beds, piersand docks, deep water)?

c. Explain why fish congregate in theseareas. (Refer to "Fishing" by GeorgeS. Fichter, Golden Guide Series.)

Ask a local fisherman to show your clubhow to surf fish.

Learn how to choose surf fishingtackle. (Refer to AFTMA's l'How to CatchFish in Saltwater.")


9. Freshwater fishing.

10

Find out the proper size surf rod tomeet your fishing needs.

Become familiar with:a. Surf rigsb. Surf lures and baits

Ask an "expert" to show you how to"read the surf" to find good fishingspots.

Go surf fishing after dark with yourfamiiy or ciub.

Take a 4-H club from the Mountains orPiedmont on a surf fishing trip.

Expiore fishing spots in a stream nearyou. Try fishing in the foiiowingareas:a. In riffies, pockets or poois.b. At cut-away banks and over-hangs.c. Above snags and underwater

obstructions.d. Beiow a dam or waterfaii.

Record your successes in your fishingiog. Expiain why you think the fishwere iocated there (more food, protec-tion, rest spot, etc.). (Refer toAFTMA's "How to Catch Fish in FreshWater.")

Try fishing at a iake or pond. Fishnear:a. Needy shaiiow areas with weediess_

iures.b. Around faiien trees.c. Aiong drop offs.

Record your resuits.



Additional Fishing Techniques

1. How to select, care for,assemble and disassemble a flyfishing outfit.

2. Offshore fishing.

3. Learn about North Carolina FishManagement Programs.

11

Practice with a fly casting outfituntil you can hit a l-foot square pieceof cardboard at 30 feet at least fourtimes out of five. Explain to yourclub the function of fly tackle.

Tying flies is an art in itself. Somefly patterns are centuries old. Ask afly fisherman/woman to teach you how totie your own flies. Create an originalfly as well as several of the "old-timers." Display your flies at a localfair and demonstrate your skill.

Teach a 4-H fishing club from the coasthow to fish for trout with fly tackle.Try using fly fishing tackle in salt-water bays.

Become familiar with big game tackleincluding:a. Rods and reelsb. Lines and leadersc. Lures and baits

Go offshore fishing on a charter orhead boat. Organize an offshore fish-ing trip for an inland 4-H fishingclub.

Find out what is being done to makefishing better in your area.

Invite a speaker from the N.C. WildlifeResources Commission, - Inland Fisher-ies Division or the N.C. Division ofMarine Fisheries to discuss fish con-servation.

Visit one of the five state fish hatch-eries in North Carolina. (Hatcheriesare listed in Leader's Guide.) Findout:a. How fish are artificially spawned.b. How fish eggs are incubated.c. How the fish are raised to stocking

size. 'd. When the hatchery fish are released

in streams and rivers.


Volunteer to work at a trout or warmwater fish hatchery for a weekend. (/Help with spawning, grading, or stock-ing fish.

4. Teach youngsters to fish. 4. Take five younger children fishing,either singularly or in pairs. Teachthem the joy of fishing and the impor-tance of protecting our water and fishresources.

5. Encourage fishing in your area. 5.' Organize a fishing rodeo for children.Secure prizes from local sporting goodsstores; set up weighing stations, andaward monthly and seasonal prizes.

Write a fishing column for your localor school newspaper for at least 3 hmonths. Take photographs of your 4-Hfishing club activities. Submit themto your local newspaper.

Make a display of trophy fish for alocal fair. Include a list of stateand world records for five kinds offish in your area.

Note: For instructions on how to makea plaster of paris fish cast, refer to (:Wildlife Project SW 417, Fish Identifi-cation and Display.

6. How to help stop pollution and 6. Find out methods of water conservation ' }conserve water. at home. Alert the public to these

practices. Refer to the N.C. 4-H Ener-gy Project for additional informationand ideas.

Adopt a conservation project. Here area few ideas:a. Stop bank erosion by planting

grasses, trees or shrubs along astream or lake for a mile.

b. Refer to N.C. 4-H Marine AwarenessProject - Transplanting Marshgrass,4H M-1-108, to reduce erosion alongsounds and rivers.

c. Clean up littered areas aroundrecreational water sites.

Prepared by Jaynee Medlicott, Extension 4-H Staff AssociatePublished by

THE NORTH CAROLINA AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION SERVICENorth Carolina State University at Raleigh, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University at Greensboro, and theU. S. Department of Agriculture, Cooperating. State University Station, Raleigh, N. 0.. Chester D. Black, Director. Distributed infurtherance of the Acts of Congress of May 8 and June 30, 1914. The North Carolina Agricultural Extension Service offers its Lprograms to all eligible persons regardless of race, color, or national origin, and is an equal opportunity employer.2—82-2M ' 4H PG—l—125

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