five years of sez act

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FIVE YEARS OF SEZ ACTA CITIZENS' REPORT CARD

ON SPECIAL ECONOMIC ZONES

Acknowledgement

We would like to acknowledge the countless effort of researchers, activists,civil society organizations and people’s movements in providing inputsfor the formulation of this document. And, we would like to appreciate theperseverance of these individuals and groups in engaging with SpecialEconomic Zones and enriching the democratic tradition through theiruntiring struggle and critique against the Special Economic Zones.

ContentsI. The Context ..................................................................................................................... 1

II. Profile of Sezs in India - An Overview ...................................................................... 3

III. Issues of Concern ........................................................................................................... 7

1. Expropriation of Resources and Livelihood Issues ........................................ 7

2. Economic Implications ...................................................................................... 10

3. Implications on Governance and Democratic Processes ............................. 14

4. Environmental Issues ........................................................................................ 15

IV. Issues Raised by Cag ................................................................................................... 17

V. Points Raised by Parliamentary Standing Committee on Commerce ................ 21

VI. Concerns Highlighted by the Mord Committee .................................................... 23

VII. Final Word .................................................................................................................... 25

VIII. Signatories ................................................................................................................... 27

IX. Questions for Parliamentarians ................................................................................. 29

X. Reference List/ Web Resources ................................................................................ 31

XI. Struggles Against SEZS Across India after the SEZ Act 2005 .............................. 33

XII. Map of SEZS Approved after the SEZ Act .............................................................. 50

XIII. Hindi Version ............................................................................................................... 51

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FIVE YEARS OF SEZ ACT

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State Govern-ments across thecountry, instead

of initiating apublic dialogue,

have used theforce of state

machinery,coercion and

fraudulent meansto subvert and

suppress people'sprotests, be it in

Nandigram(Salim SEZ),

Kakinada (KSEZand GMR SEZ),

Kalinganagar(Jindal SEZ) orJagatsinghpur

(Posco)

I. THE CONTEXT

We, as citizens, members of academia, people’smovements, action groups and representatives of

various community based organisations, have, for the lastfour years, consistently raised several concerns in thematter of the SEZ legislation passed by the UPAgovernment in 2005, and the following establishment ofSEZs across the country. The provisions of the legislationitself, which promote the creation of new political andeconomic territories in the country, made it clear that thisis a recipe for disaster and instability. But the actualimplementation and creation of these zones has alsodemonstrated that the stated goals of industrialisation,technological development or even export growth are amere eye wash. After four years of the SEZ Act - it is out inthe open - that these zones are promoting the expropriationof public and community resources for the profit ofdomestic and global corporations and the financial market.

The UPA government, though aware of, has chosen toignore the multiple resistances of the people against forcedland acquisition for creation of Special Economic Zones invarious parts of the country - West Bengal, Maharashtra,Gujarat, Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, Punjab andHaryana. Despite repeated demands made by farmers andaffected communities to stop this forced acquisition andgrabbing of resources for these zones, governments acrossthe country, instead of initiating a dialogue, have used theforce of state machinery, coercion and fraudulent meansto subvert and suppress people’s protests, be it inNandigram (Salim SEZ), Kakinada (KSEZ and GMR SEZ),Kalinganagar (Jindal SEZ) or Jagatsinghpur (Posco).

As citizens’ organisations and people’s movements, we aredeeply concerned about the SEZ Act and its implicationsfor the Indian polity, society and economy for the followingreasons:

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A Citizens' Report Card on Special Economic Zones

1. The unconstitutional nature of the SEZ Act whichundermines other legislations

2. Breakdown of democratic governance systems,especially of the Local (both Urban and Rural) SelfGovernments with the creation of independentprivate capital enclaves outside the purview of theIndian State

3. Large-scale forced acquisition of land andpromotion of speculative real estate businesses;resulting in loss of agriculture, fishing-based andother traditional livelihoods

4. Creation of exploitative work environments

5. Increased burden on natural resources like land,water, forests and uncontrolled environmentaldestruction

6. Revenue losses and creation of serious economicimbalances

7. Breakdown of multi stakeholder pattern bysupporting hegemonic monopolistic businessmodel and centralisation of capital and resources

8. Lack of government efforts to initiate or openpublic consultations on the matter

It is in this context and with these concerns in mind thatthis report card has been compiled. The aim is to bring tolight some of the ground realities as well as seriousapprehensions of people and communities, which requireimmediate action and attention.


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II. PROFILE OF SEZs IN INDIA -AN OVERVIEW

The latest available statistics on Special Economic Zonesshow that the Board of Approvals at the Ministry of

Commerce, the central body authorised to clear SEZproposals, has approved 578 SEZs, of which 315 have beennotified. An analysis of figures on the nature of SEZapprovals displays a continuation of the pattern, evidentsince SEZ Act in 2005.

Sector-wise

An overwhelming number of SEZs continues to be inInformation Technology and related industries. TillDecember 2008 181 notified SEZs exist for IT companies,representing 66% of the total number of SEZs. Additionallythere are 341 formally approved and 11 in-principleapprovals. The share of IT is thus slightly lower amongthe formally approved SEZs compared to notified SEZs,probably since smaller IT SEZs manage to acquire landfaster than large multi-product SEZs. With all the differentSEZs taken together, at various stages of approvals, the ITsector still accounts for more than half of the total (55%).The second largest sector is multi-product SEZs, with 9%of the all zones.

With all thedifferent SEZs

taken together, atvarious stages ofapproval, the IT

sector stillaccounts for morethan half, 55% of

the total.

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Andhra Pradesh,Tamil Nadu and

Maharashtra thusaccount for

almost half of allthe SEZs in the

country. Evenmore imbalanced

is the spread ofSEZs when one

considers thelocations within

each state. 48 outof the 99 formallyapproved SEZs in

Andhra Pradeshare in or close to

Hyderabad, while34 of 66 formallyapproved are in

or close toChennai

Source: Ministry of Commerce, “SEZs: Sector wise Distribution”, datafrom 8 December 2008 available on www.sezindia.nic.in

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Regionally

Andhra Pradesh tops the list of notified SEZs (57), followedby Tamil Nadu (44) and Maharashtra (43). Maharashtrahas the highest number of SEZs waiting to be notified, with104 formally approved and 34 approved in principle,compared to AP’s 99 and 2 and Tamil Nadu’s 66 and 18,respectively. These three states thus account for almost halfof all the SEZs in the country. The share is especiallysignificant among the already notified SEZs with 144 outof the total 274.

Even more imbalanced, is the spread of SEZs when oneconsiders the locations within each state. 48 out of the 99formally approved SEZs in Andhra Pradesh are in or closeto Hyderabad, while 34 of 66 formally approved in TamilNadu are in or close to Chennai. The main number of SEZscan easily be characterised as being in the IT-sector and inone of primarily Western or Southern cities (with real estateand infrastructure developers taking advantage of theurban periphery). This said, almost every state in thecountry has tried to establish a few SEZs within theirterritories, including Dadra & Nagar Haveli’s 4, andPondicherry’s 1 formally approved zones.

Land Requirements

There are 53 multi-product SEZs at the in principle approvalstage, which implies that they might soon be formallynotified. These are zones, which require really large areasof land and have been contentious on the issue ofdisplacement. Recently, the rule preventing SEZs largerthan 5,000 hectares was lifted, which lead the Adani groupto apply for and receive permission to merge 3 such zones(4498 + 2658 + 2648 hectares), which were created next toeach other at Mundra in Gujarat to avoid the land ceiling.

Recently the ruleof preventingSEZs larger than5,000 hectares wasbent for theAdani group togrant a mergerbetween the 3zones of (4498 +2658 + 2648hectares) it hadcreated next toeach other atMundra inGujarat to avoidthe land ceiling.


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The largest Multi Product SEZs in the “In principle”-category Size (ha)

DLF Universal, Gurgaon, Haryana 8,097

Omaxe Limited, Alwar District, Rajasthan RJ 6,070

D.S. Constructions Limited, Palwal, Haryana 5,000

Skil Infrastructure Limited, Nandagudi Hobli, Karnataka 5,000

Reliance Haryana SEZ Limited, Jhajjar District, Haryana 5,000

Mumbai SEZ Limited Gujarat Positra Port Infrastructural Limited 5,000

New Kolkata International Development, Medinipur, West Bengal 5,000

Writers and Publishers Limited, Indore, Madhya Pradesh 4,050

Suncity Haryana SEZ Developer Private Limited , Ambala, Haryana 3,237

Skil Infrastructure Limited, Himachal Pradesh, Airport based 3,230

Rewas Ports Limited, Rewas, District Raigarh, Maharashtra 2,,850

Videocon Realty and Infrastructure, Aurangabad, Maharashtra 2,763

Indiabulls Infrastructure Development, Raigarh, Maharashtra 2,429

Among the actually operating SEZs, the biggest ones apartfrom the Mundra zone(s) in Gujarat is APIICVisakhapatnam SEZ with 2,206 ha in and the Kakinada SEZwith 1,035 ha both in Andhra Pradesh and the Navi MumbaiSEZ with 1,223 ha in Maharashtra

So far the notified1 SEZs have officially required 30,122 haof land. But the many, really large multi-product SEZs inthe In principle category cover an area of 1.22 lakh hectares,or roughly around 869 hectares per SEZ on average. InAndhra Pradesh the 7,400 ha converted into SEZs is lessthan Gujarat’s almost 10,000 ha (9,997) despite there being56 SEZs in AP compared to Gujarat’s 21. Gujarat has clearlyprioritised large-scale multi-product SEZs while the restof the country has mainly IT zones. Maharashtra and TamilNadu, who also have a large number of SEZs, use muchless area, 5,018 and 2,307 ha respectively, again indicatingthat mainly IT SEZs are being notified (so far).

The many, reallylarge multi-

product SEZs inthe In principle

category cover anarea of 1.22 lakhhectares, or 869

hectares per SEZon average

1 The data on notified SEZs (from the MoC website sez.nic.in) is from30th September 2008 and thus older than the other data used in thisreport.

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With the economic slow-down towards the end of 2008,for the first time we witnessed companies applying to de-register/denotify SEZs. The fact that real estate and ITcompanies were worst hit by the downturn and that thedirect impact was on demand for creation of SEZs furtherestablished that SEZ projects in the country are essentiallydominated by this sector. It remains to be seen what thenet effect of this will be especially since the Ministry ofCommerce seems to have no clear guidelines ondenotification and what happens in cases where the landis already in possession of developers in the name of SEZs.In the meantime we continue to see a lull in the applicationsfor new zones. Nevertheless, as of April 2009 the totalnumber of formal approvals was 578 and notified SEZswere 330)


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III. ISSUES OF CONCERN

1. EXPROPRIATION OF RESOURCES ANDLIVELIHOOD ISSUES

Large-scale requirement and forced acquisition ofland

India is almost unique in its concept of creating SEZs ondemand i.e. the location, size and nature of the zone is

explicitly determined not by state economic policy but bythe demands of private capital. Moreover, the onlycondition for setting up such a zone is the possession orintent to possess a sufficient area of land. This, as commonsense would suggest, has led to widespread agitation byfarmers, land owning and land based communities invarious locations (please refer to list in Annexure).

Despite the guidelines issued by the Ministry of Commerceand the EGoM SEZs on 15th June 2007 that prohibit forcedacquisition of land for private, nearly all states continue touse the Land Acquisition Act (1894) to acquire the land forSEZs and that too without any provision for rehabilitation.In some states like Tamil Nadu and AP, governments arealso invoking the urgency clause: 17(4) of the LandAcquisition Act, to acquire land compulsorily. In states likeMaharashtra, state supported land acquisition was broughtto a halt in projects like Karla (Mahindra and MahindraSEZ), Raigarh (Reliance SEZ), Nasik (India Bulls SEZ),Nagpur (Mihan SEZ), after issuing land acquisition noticesunder (Section 4 and 6) LA Act. The acquisition noticeshowever are yet to be withdrawn. Infact, except forNandigram in West Bengal and Amritsar in Punjab, therehave been no withdrawal of notices in case of any otherSEZ. As in the case of the Reliance SEZ in Raigad, for whicheven the Supreme Court refused to grant extension for landacquisition, the Ministry of Commerce (MoC) is yet tocancel its approval. The MoC continues providing approvalextensions to companies even though they have managed

In states likeGujarat a large

part of the landbeing diverted to

SEZs is in thecategory ofcommon or

gowcher land(wrongly referredto as ‘wasteland’).Much of this land

is in the coastaland dryland

areas, on whichfishing and

graziercommunities

depend on fortheir day-to-day

livelihoods.

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to purchase only a small part of the required land for theSEZ.

It is argued that much of the land being diverted for SEZsis already available with State Industrial DevelopmentCorporations (IDCs). While this is a fact, it needs to bespecified that in many cases lands, which had beenpreviously acquired by IDCs and were lying vacant andare now being transferred to SEZ developers also used theLand Acquisition Act (1894). These sales are obviously atmuch higher rates than the original acquisition price paidto the farmers, which has spurred a whole new set of issues.There are several court battles being fought for bettercompensation by original owners. In such a context thequestion is what is the role of IDCs in the country? Andshould they be allowed to function as agents of real estatedevelopers?

The issue of compensation at market value, even to landowners is meaningless as the scales are heavily tipped infavor of private buyers and Government owned Industrialcorporations, who are the informed negotiators decidingthe package.

Furthermore, not all states IDCs have readily availablelands and given the rate at which the SEZ approvals werebeing granted, it became clear that IDCs lands alone wouldnot suffice. As a result, IDCs have also started acquiringfresh land to be transferred to SEZs.

Landless and Agricultural labourers displacedwithout compensation

Almost 80% of India’s agricultural population owns onlyabout 17% of the total agriculture land, making them near-landless workers. Far more families and communitiesdepend on a piece of land (for work, grazing) than thosewho own it outright. However, during land acquisition,compensation is discussed only for those who hold landtitles. No compensation has been planned for those whodo not.

The mostoutrageousacquisitions aretaking place inAndhra Pradeshwhich has thehighest numberof SEZ approvals,in the form ofacquiringassigned lands(allotted to Dalitsand ScheduledTribes) for SEZs.


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In states like Gujarat a large part of the land being divertedfor SEZs is in the category of common or gowcher land(wrongly referred to as ‘wasteland’). Much of this land isin the coastal and dryland areas, on which fishing andgrazier communities depend for their day-to-daysustenance. Since these lands are ‘common lands’ with noindividual titles, they are transferred for industrial usewithout even consulting the local communities andpanchayats. Temple or Panchami land in Tamil Nadu andWaqf board lands in Andhra Pradesh are other examplesof Public lands that have been expropriated and privatisedfor SEZs.

The most outrageous acquisitions are taking place inAndhra Pradesh, which has the highest number of SEZapprovals, in the form of acquiring assigned lands (allottedto Dalits and Scheduled Tribes) for SEZs. This is amplyevident in places like Polepally, Kakinada, Chittoor andAnantapur where SEZs are proposed. These acts are againstthe letter and spirit of the Indian Constitution, whichguarantees right to life and livelihoods to citizens throughArticle 21 of the Constitution and special rights toScheduled Tribes and Castes.

Destruction of Agro-based and rural economies

Loss of local agriculture, fisheries-based and othertraditional livelihoods are leading to large-scaledisplacement of people and the ensuing food andlivelihood insecurity suffered by them are matters of graveworry. The bulk of land being acquired for SEZs is fertile,agricultural land, especially in the case of multi-productzones. Agricultural Scientists have estimated that close to1.14 lakh farming households (each household on anaverage comprising of five members) and an additional82,000 farm worker families who are dependent upon thesefarms for their livelihoods, will be displaced. The total lossof income to the farming and the farm worker families,then, is an astounding Rs.212-crore a year (BhaskarGoswami 2006). These are 2006 estimates after the initialSEZ approvals were sanctioned which have multiplied

In Maharashtrathe Directorate ofIndustrial Safety

and Healthcannot carry out

inspections inSEZs without thepermission of the

DevelopmentCommissioner.

Andhra Pradeshis offering

concessions inminimum wages

and is allowingwork for 365

days per year,even for 24 hoursa day (if overtime

is paid).

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three-fold. Further, there is hardly any assessment ofdestruction of other allied livelihoods of artisans and craft-dependent households or others surviving on smallbusinesses in the SEZ affected villages

The setting up of coastal SEZs in Gujarat, Maharashtra,Tamil Nadu and Andhra Pradesh have led to seriousopposition by fisher people who will lose their access tothe sea, especially as a result of the port based SEZs. Saltpanworkers are another such affected community in case ofcoastal SEZs.

Creation of exploitative employment opportunitiesand working conditions resulting from nullificationof labour protection laws

The harsh condition of workers in existing SEZs in Indiaand China is already well known. The power in the handsof the Development Commissioner to declare SEZs as“public utility services” under the Industrial Disputes Actmeans that in SEZ areas, workers have no rights to strikeor even to form unions and organize collectively to bargainfor better wages or working conditions. The SEZ policy ofthe government transfers all powers of the State LaborCommissioner to the Development Commissioners of theSEZ. As an example, in Maharashtra, the Directorate ofIndustrial Safety and Health cannot carry out inspectionsin SEZs without the permission of the DevelopmentCommissioner. Andhra Pradesh now is offeringconcessions in minimum wages and is allowing work for365 days per year; even for 24 hours a day (if overtime ispaid). In the Noida EPZ, workers have been sacked fordemanding the implementation of labor laws.i

2. ECONOMIC IMPLICATIONS

The Ministry of Finance in a study, estimated a revenueloss of 1,75,487 Cr. from tax holidays granted to SEZs. Thisestimate was compiled for the period 2004-2005 to 2009-2010. Annually, this amount is equivalent to about 6-7% ofthe central government’s receipts during 2005-06. The

The Ministry ofFinanceconducted astudy, and cameup with thefigures that thecumulativerevenue loss fromtax holidays toSEZs over theperiod 2004-05 to2009-10 isestimated to be1,75,487 Cr.Annually, this isequivalent toabout 6-7% of thecentralgovernment’sreceipts during2005-06.


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foregone tax revenue is four times the annual allocationfor the National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme(NREGS) and as such, can feed 50 million hungry peopleevery day, each year. The Government is nowcontemplating declaring every large factory in the countryan SEZ. If this happens, it would be a tax scam ofmonumental proportions. The Finance Ministry, which hascollated the tax filings of 4,10,451 companies (includingSEZs) has found that there has been a sharp rise in revenueforgone by the government on account of certainexemptions — including accelerated depreciation, whichshot up from Rs. 73,96 crore in 2006-07 to Rs 12,946 crorein 2007-08 and further to Rs 14,344 crore in 2008-09. (http://www.hindustantimes.com/News/business/39-tax-exemptions-cost-govt-Rs-68-914-crore-in-revenue-foregone/Article1-446258.aspx)

In its performance audit-report on indirect taxes for theUnion Government tabled in the Parliament on 11 March2008, the CAG brought 370 SEZ units under scanner witha limited objective to verify if they had complied withexisting Customs Act, Rules, notifications etc. The reviewbrought out systemic as well as compliance weaknessesthat caused loss revenues to the tune of Rs.246.72 crore.Furthermore, the CAG threw light on the absence ofenabling provisions, which resulted in Rs.1724.67 crore ofrevenues forgone, or irrecoverable. (See details in SectionIV).

Additional losses come from state-level incentives. Thesecretive nature of these deals means that such estimatesof revenue losses are not taken into account even whenmade by CAG and others. The implication is that theCentral Government itself does not know the fullimplications of the SEZ scheme. More recently in January2010, the Central Board of Excise and Customs (CBEC)recommended an overhaul of the Special Economic Zone(SEZ) Act 2005, saying that it had detected gross violationsof duty and tax concessions causing a revenue loss of Rs1,75,000 crore till date. (http://business.rediff.com/report/2010/jan/28/sez-act-needs-overhaul-says-cbec.htm)

Revenue Lossesdue to

Unnecessary TaxConcessions:

The CAG reviewbrought out

systemic as wellas compliance

weaknesses thatcaused revenue

losses to the tuneof Rs.246.72 crore.

Furthermore, theCAG threw light

on the absence ofenabling

provisions whichresulted in

Rs.1724.67 croreof revenuesforgone, or

irrecoverable.

The Ministry ofCommerce

figures of 3.5lakhs

employment and90,000 croreinvestment

generated bySEZs are beingquestioned on

their authenticityand efficacy since

these have to beestablished

through adetailed andindependent

evaluation.

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Regional and Sectoral Imbalances

If we look at the distribution of the lands within SEZsapproved, we find that 70% of the land is concentrated inthe hands of 25 to 30% of medium and large sized multi-product zone developers. The rest of the smaller SEZs aremostly in the IT sector. Most of the SEZs are alsoconcentrated around urban areas and their peripheries andother infrastructurally developed centres in the top 5 states,already considered as industrially progressive. This in itselfcontradicts the Government’s stated interest in bringingSEZs to ‘backward areas’.

Furthermore, if we look at the IT sector approvals, we findthat it is real estate companies like Rahejas, Unitech, DLF,Parsavnath, Emaar and many others who are dominant.These companies have found their own ways of subvertingthe ceiling laws by floating subsidiary companies.According to a news report, DLF (a major SEZ developer)has floated 68 subsidiaries, each of which also hassubsidiaries. EMAAR, another infrastructure developingcompany has 350. The Parliamentary Standing Committeein its 83rd Report on ‘Functioning of SEZs’ has also statedits concern about real estate speculation in areas were SEZsare coming up. With only 35 to 50% of the area earmarkedas a processing zone, the rest remains open for housingand entertainment, due to which real estate firms aredominating SEZs. This point has been emphasized by theParliamentary Standing Committee report as well (Referto Section V). Also, the advantages an SEZ has over unitsoutside (in the Domestic Tariff Area) violates the basicnorms of a competitive economy and creates moreimbalances.

Stated objectives remain unfulfilled?

The Secretary of the Ministry of Commerce has admittedthat 40% of SEZs approved may never really “take off theground” (Panos-Kalpavriksh media dialogue on SEZs -December 2008). Additionally, the figures of 3.5 lakhemployment and 90,000 crore investment, estimated to be

It needs to bementionedfurther that agreat recession inthe worldeconomy is not agood omen forpromoting SEZs,which willproduce for anincreasinglyshrinking andprotected exportmarket. Also, it’snot specifiedwhat happens toa developerwhose SEZ doesnot meet theexportrequirement.


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generated by SEZs are being questioned on theirauthenticity since these have to be established through adetailed and independent evaluation. With the economicrecession being faced across the globe and country, the IT,Real Estate and export sectors have been the most hit. TheMoC itself admits that 50,000 jobs have been lost in SEZsalone in the last six months. And many developers arelining up to ‘denotify’ their SEZs or cancel the receivedapprovals.

Further the conditions of contract labour in SEZs are themost pathetic. Wages in existing SEZs are often belowminimum. Sen and Dasgupta in a May 2007 survey foundthat in the Noida SEZ, workers were getting Rs. 80 a dayfor 9 hours of work (as opposed to the Minimum Wage ofRs. 110-120/day). Such is also the case in Falta in WestBengal. (See: http://www.mainstreamweekly.net/article8.html)

Indian policy makers have very little regulation over theactivities within a zone. Notwithstanding claims of export-orientation, the only requirement imposed on SEZ units isa vague need for them to have a ‘positive net foreignexchange balance.’ Even that only applies to industrial unitsin the zone. If the goal of SEZs is indeed exports, surely amore stringent clause than merely “positive net foreignexchange” for the SEZ as a whole ought to be applied.Export Oriented Units had much stiffer requirements andthus performed much better when measured against thestated purpose. It needs to be mentioned further that arecession in the world economy is not a good omen forpromoting SEZs, with production being geared for anincreasingly shrinking and protected export market. Also,it has not been specified as to what happens to a developerwhose SEZ does not meet the export requirement. Just likeit hasn’t been specified as to what the procedure fordenotification is? The recession and the accompanyingdemand for denotification by developers like DLF (SEZs)is exposing this loophole. In such cases, the real questionis, what happens to the land? Will it be returned to farmers?If so, how and when?

The SEZ Act(Section 9, 11, 12

and 31) takespower back to the

center andbureaucracy (by

creating ‘Board ofApprovals’ and

‘DevelopmentCommissioner’

and ‘SEZAuthority’),

whoseaccountability is

not certain.

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3. IMPLICATIONS ON GOVERNANCE ANDDEMOCRATIC PROCESSES

Breakdown of governance systems especially of thelocal self-governments with the creation of foreignenclaves

The SEZ Act (Section 9, 11, 12 and 31) takes power back tothe center and bureaucracy (by creating ‘Board ofApprovals’, ‘Development Commissioner’ and ‘SEZAuthority’), whose accountability is not certain. The factthat the SEZs would have their own regulations, the rightsfor environmental and labour related clearances, securityarrangements, means that they would be ‘self containedprivatized autonomous entities’, where existingconstitutional rights would be difficult to exercise andenforce. The creation of separate courts for SEZs ridiculesthe existing judicial system. There is no clarity about howelections will be conducted, and what happens to thegoverning authority of the Gram Sabha/ Municipality,under the 73rd/74th amendments.

There is no transparency in the guidelines formulated forselection, modification and rejection of SEZ proposals bythe BoA. The representation and role of key ministries likeAgriculture, Labour, and Environment is lacking. AsChairman of the Administrative Reforms Committee, MVeerappa Moily in a report on SEZs stated that ‘We needto restructure the Board of Approval by putting in peoplewho are objective and can take a balanced view.’

The Commerce Ministry had made public announcementsof various studies comparing SEZ with other countries. Mr.Kirit Somaya filed an RTI regarding this, and received thefollowing official reply - “study of export of nearbycountries of Bangladesh and Sri Lanka was done. No otherstudies or scientific analysis available.”

Both houses ofIndianDemocracypassed this billwithin a day (10th

and 11th May2005) withvirtually nodiscussion,underminingmany of theobjections thatwere raised.


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No space for popular concerns or publicconsultation:

The SEZ Act was passed in haste without much publicdebate. The Ministry did not facilitate any publicconsultation, participation or debate on the SEZ Act. In bothhouses of Parliament, this bill was passed within a day (10th

and 11th May 2005) with virtually no discussion,undermining many of the objections that were raised.

Information demanded from the Ministry of Commerce onthe approved projects under the RTI Act 2005 has beendenied on the clause of maintaining “trade secrets”. Thishas been done despite the fact that many of these projectshave initiated acquisition procedures displacing livelihoodsof a large number of people, making the information soughta Public Interest question. In Tamil Nadu, a researcher-activist was indicted by the Tamil Nadu IndustryDepartment for asking too many questions and the case issubjudice in the Madras High Court (Case numberWP33936 of 2007). Once the above information request wasmade in 2006, the appeal process was a lengthy one withseveral hearings at the Tamil Nadu InformationCommission towards the end of 2007. In the end thecommissioner chose to allow the request and also madestrong remarks on the lack of transparency of the industrydepartment.

4. ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES

Land, water and air are natural resources that SEZs arelikely to exploit and gain control over, and the use of whichis directly linked to the environmental impacts of SEZs.The change of land use of an area, from agriculture toindustrial purpose is bound to change the ecosystem andecological health of any area. Ironically, SEZs are beinggranted environmental clearances like any ordinaryprojects, with no mention of studies related to environmentimpacts of upcoming developments. Examples of ChineseSEZs indicate the extent of the environmental lossesinvolved.

SEZs are beinggranted

environmentalclearances like

any ordinaryprojects, with noobvious mentionof studies related

to environmentimpacts ofupcoming

developments. Inmany cases they

are beingexempted fromthe mandatory

EnvironmentClearance Public

Hearings -TheMundra SEZ is

one suchexample

With provisionslike the one

restricting entryinto the SEZs,

which are opento authorised

persons only, itis difficult for

independentresearchers to

enter the area tocarry out any

environmentalimpact

assessments orstudies.

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India is already going through a crisis in terms of waterscarcity as well as loss of forests and biodiversity. The pointis that in the current framework for economic development,costs of loss of forest and other common lands; large scaleexploitation of water resources; coastal lands and lines;pollution - air and water; generation of e-waste etc; are noteven being computed.

There is great deal of ambiguity and contradictions whenone compares how environment clearances are dealt within the EIA notification and the SEZ legislations. In thisregard, it is important to consider the following points.While industrial units within the SEZs are exempt fromEnvironment Clearance public hearings, the SEZ itself isrequired to under go public hearing. However, there arecases like the Mundra SEZ where the Ministry ofEnvironment has recommended that Public Hearing beexempted for the creation of the Multi Product SEZ.

The issue of compliance monitoring of clearance conditionsbecomes a serious concern with all powers centred in thehands of the Development Commissioner. With provisionslike the one restricting entry into the SEZs, which are opento authorised persons only, it is difficult for independentresearchers to enter the area to carry out any environmentalimpact assessments or studies.

CAG AuditReport onMadhya Pradeshfor the yearending March 31,2005 has indictedMPSIDC forallotting a tractof land that wasacquired 22 yearsback and waslying vacant, toIndore SEZ atcheaper rates,resulting in lossof revenuesworth Rs 22.58crore.


: 17 :

IV. ISSUES RAISED BY CAG

The Comptroller and Auditor General of India’s (CAG)Union Audit Report 2007 outlined that some existing

SEZs are operating within a system that enables thegovernment to forego tax revenue. Tabled in the Parliamenton 11 March 2008, the CAG report brought 370 SEZ unitsunder scanner with a limited objective to verify if they hadcomplied with existing Customs Act, Rules, notificationsetc. The review brought out systemic as well as complianceweaknesses that caused lost revenues to the tune of Rs.246.72 crore. Furthermore, the CAG threw light on theabsence of enabling provisions, which resulted inRs.1724.67 crore of revenues foregone, or irrecoverable.Duty foregone by the Government on the SEZ schemeduring the period 2000-01 to 2005-06 was Rs. 8,842 crore.The budget estimates of the duty foregone for the year 2006-07 was Rs. 2,146 crore.

It was observed during the audit, that 22 SEZ units hadbeen achieving the prescribed “positive” Net ForeignExchange mainly though domestic sales and this defeatsone of the sub-objectives of the scheme, which is to augmentreal exports. While an overall export of Rs.7, 149.23 crorewas made by these 22 units, the actual export content wasonly Rs.1, 999.27 crore (28 per cent) and the remaining Rs.5,149.96 crore (72 per cent) related to Domestic Tariff Areaearnings (selling of goods from inside the SEZ to outsidethe SEZ as opposed to selling outside the country). Therange of the domestic earnings as a percentage of totalexport earning in these units was 59 to 100. Customs dutyof Rs. 1,043.29 crore was foregone on import of goods bythese units.

The report further indicated that credits received by SEZsplace them at an unfair advantage over non-SEZ units thatdo not receive the tax credit. The CAG reported, “noprovision had been made to recover duty foregone oninputs procured by the SEZ units and used in themanufacture of products which were cleared at ‘nil’ rate

CAG AuditReport on Goa

for the yearending March 31,2008 probed intoland allotments

by Goa IndustrialDevelopment

Corporation forseven SEZs and

found out thattracts of land that

were speciallyprocured were

lying unutilizedand were handed

to SEZdevelopers atcheaper rates

with loss ofrevenue worth Rs

102.64 crore.

The most criticalrecommendation

made by theParliamentary

StandingCommittee on

Commerce in its83rd report

included theneed to ‘pause

and ponder’. Thereport clearly

expressedconcern about thefast pace at which

approvals werebeing granted by

the BoA despiteapprehensionsraised from all

quarters.

: 18 :


in DTA. The government needs to address this disparityto ensure a level playing field for units in DTA as well asin the SEZ” (ibid).

The government was denied Rs. 285.81 crore because dutywas not levied / short levied at seven SEZs in cases whereimports were being made in violation of the SEZ conditions.Through the audit, the CAG confirmed that irregular DTAsales led to a non-levy/ short levy of Rs. 84.37 crore inCentral Excise duty. The report further outlines specificcases where the CAG determined that individual SEZs werenot achieving minimum net foreign exchange performance(NFEP). “Duty free irregular imports made by EOUs are ahuge drain on the Government Revenue. There is an urgentneed to put in place a workable co-ordinate mechanismbetween Commerce and Finance Ministries, to detect suchlapses and recover duty in time” (ibid).

CAG Audit Report on Madhya Pradesh for the year endingMarch 31, 2005 has indicted MPSIDC for allotting a tractof land that was acquired 22 years back and was lyingvacant, to Indore SEZ at cheaper rates, resulting in loss ofrevenues worth Rs 22.58 crore.

Goa Irregularities

Similarly CAG Audit Report on Goa for the year endingMarch 31, 2008 probed into land allotments by the GoaIndustrial Development Corporation for seven SEZs andfound out, that tracts of land that were specially procuredin August 1992, August 2001 and March 2007 were lyingunutilized and were handed to SEZ developers at cheaperrates. The audit scrutiny pointed out the loss of revenueworth Rs 102.64 crore.

Reviewed by the Goa Legislative Assembly in early 2009,the CAG report on Goa acknowledged major discrepanciesin land transfers related to SEZs in the state. TheComptroller and Auditor General of India’s review of theGoa Industrial Development Corporation (GIDC) reveals

“Tax concessionsin SEZs aresimilar to STPsand EoUs - thenwhy is there are aneed for SEZs?”ParliamentaryStandingCommittee onCommerce in its83rd report


: 19 :

that the action of the corporation lacked transparency, hadmajor irregularities, and cost the state significant losses inrevenue (CAG, Goa State Report, Chapter VII GovernmentCommercial and Trading Activities). Among others, theReport highlighted inconsistencies in the land allotmentto SEZs in the Verna Industrial Estate. The report says,“Allotments of land at Verna Phase IV to SEZs wereirregular as the land was acquired for an industrial growthcentre with financial assistance from the government ofIndia” (ibid). The Goa government received 10 crore offinancial assistance from the Industrial Growth Centre(IGC) Scheme of the Government of India to establish andpromote the Verna Industrial Estate with small andmedium units. In turn, the GIDC allotted land acquiredwithin the estate to SEZs, which is a contradiction to themandate of the scheme. The CAG concluded that the stateis liable to refund the contribution of Rs 10 crore receivedfrom GOI.

The report further explains that the GIDC, whichtechnically was not assigned any role under the SEZ policy,allotted 38.41-lakh sq.m of land to seven SEZs. “Allotmentto SEZs was made without publicizing, that too before theState government formulated its SEZ policy”, says the CAG(ibid). The GIDC also provided four SEZ developers withmore land than what was officially approved by the SEZBoard of Approvals, and the land was allocated at a lesserrate costing the state over Rs. 36.89 crore.

The CAG report on the Goa Industrial DevelopmentCorporation, referred to the Government of India in June2008, concluded (direct quotes):

■ Corporation deviated from its established role, ofacquiring and allotting land directly to theentrepreneur, by allotting land to developers forfurther allotments by them

■ Allotments were made without any transparentselection procedures

TheParliamentary

Standingcommittee

slammed theMinistry of

Commerce on theground that at the

time of therelease of the

83rd report therewere 152 formal

approvals and bythe time the ATRwas presented inthe Rajya Sabhathe total number

of approved SEZshad crossed 500.

: 20 :


■ Allotments to SEZs were made withoutpublicising, that too before the State Governmentformulated its SEZ policy

■ Land acquired for small and medium scaleindustries under IGC (Industrial Growth Centre)Scheme was allotted to SEZ, violating GOIguidelines

■ Revision of premium rate of Verna Phase IV(industrial estate proposed to house SEZs) onlyafter major chunk was allotted at lower rate,tentatively fixed, resulted in loss of Rs. 36.89 crore

■ Allotment of land contiguous to the land allottedto four SEZs at lesser rate resulted in loss of Rs.39.47 crore

■ Allotment of 14.36 lakh sq. m land to two SEZdevelopers without adopting approved formularesulted in loss of Rs 17.76 crore

(Source: The Comptroller and Auditor General of India, Goa State Report,Chapter VII Government Commercial and Trading Activities)


: 21 :

V. POINTS RAISED BYPARLIAMENTARY STANDINGCOMMITTEE ON COMMERCE

The Parliamentary Standing Committee on Commerceof the previous government under the Chairman ship

of Murli Manohar Joshi submitted its 83rd report on the‘Functioning of SEZs’ to the Parliament on 20th June 2007.The report raised some very pertinent points on the SEZpolicy and its implications. The most criticalrecommendation made by the committee included the needto ‘pause and ponder’. The report clearly expressed concernabout the fast pace at which approvals have been grantedby the BoA despite apprehensions raised from all quarters.

The report also stated that in the process of enquiry beingcarried out by the Standing Committee members, the localadministration was not forth coming, the state governmentswere not supportive and in some places the sub-committeewas prevented from meeting people.

Most importantly the report criticised the escalation ofdisplacement as a result of large SEZs leading todisplacement and speculation in many situations. In theAction Taken Report (87th report) submitted to the RajyaSabha on 24th October 2008, the Ministry of Commerce hasabsolved itself of the responsibility of the land issues statingthree points:

■ that the MoC had issued guidelines stating that noland would be acquired by force after 5th April2007 using the Land Acquisition Act, 1894 in caseof private SEZs

■ that the government had come out with two billson amendment to the Land Acquisition Act andthe Rehabilitation and Resettlement Bill 2007 inorder to deal with the issue of displacement

■ that ultimately land was a state subject and henceit is the prerogative of the state to follow the

Citizens GroupsDemand: A

moratorium onfurther approvals

of SEZs tillan independent

review of thefunctioning of

existing SEZs asrecommended bythe Parliamentary

StandingCommittee in its

83rd Report.Public audit of

SEZs should beconducted

through publicconsultations andhearings as a part

of this. Theultimate move

should be arepeal of this

legislationbecause of its un-

constitutionalnature

: 22 :


guidelines issued by the centre and avoid conflictof interest

All the three arguments are inadequate because they donot deal with ground realities in the establishment of SEZs.While private SEZs are expected to carry out directpurchase of land, in many cases it is the IDCs which arebeing used to first acquire the land and then hand it overto the private companies. That the two bills (LAA and R&R)introduced in the Parliament in the last session of theprevious government, leave much to be desired, in termsof their redressal of the problem of displacement andalienation of farmers and rural communities from theirlands has been well argued.

Some of the other recommendations of the ParliamentaryStanding Committee which were brushed aside by theMinistry of Commerce in the ATR include:

■ Region wise cap on the SEZ approvals to allow forbalanced regional development of SEZs.

■ Imposition of restrictions on unnecessary socialinfrastructure

■ Linking of fiscal incentives to exports

■ Tax concessions in SEZs are similar to STPs andEoUs - then why is there are a need for SEZs?

■ Re-look at delegation of Labour Commissioner’spowers to the Development Commissioner

Most importantly the Parliamentary Standing committeeslammed the Ministry of Commerce on the ground that atthe time of the release of the 83rd report there were 152formal approvals and 82 notifications by the Board ofApprovals and there was no effort to put a halt on theapprovals despite the committee’s recommendation to holdapprovals till amendments were put in place. By the timethe ATR was presented in the Rajya Sabha the total numberof approved SEZs had crossed 500. The MoC has merelystated that it was in the process of getting a ‘scientificevaluation’ done on the performance and impacts of SEZs.


: 23 :

VI. CONCERNS HIGHLIGHTEDBY THE MoRD COMMITTEE

The Report of the Committee on State Agrarian Relationsand Unfinished Task of Land, Ministry of Rural

Development, Government of India, New Delhi, 2008, hasraised the following concerns with regards to SEZs

■ The Report describes the SEZ policy as “highlyquestionable” SEZ and the SEZ Act 2005 as bearing“contradictions in abundance” (p. 133).

■ The Report notes that the SEZ Act and Rules make nomention of the role of the Pollution Control Board or ofCoastal Regulation related provisions, and takesadvantage of an amendment to the Coastal RegulationZone (CRZ) Notification of 1991 that allows for SEZs tobe located in ecologically sensitive coastal areas and ‘nodevelopment zones’ (135-6)

■ The Report also describes how SEZ Act (2005) “gives ablank cheque to the water requirement”, neither makingmention of the sources of water to be used nor anyprescriptions for regulation and limitations on wateruse for proposed zones (p. 142). Citing the case ofGujarat, the Report is critical of the Gujarat SEZ Act thatsays, “The SEZ developers will be granted approval fordevelopment of water supply and distribution systemto ensure the provision of adequate water supply forSEZ units” and notes that the allocation of millions oflitres of water from the Sardar Sarovar Project toindustrial purposes including the Mundra SEZ has beencriticized by a CAG report from 2006 for its impact onthe availability of water for drought prone areas (p.142).

■ The Committee on State Agrarian Relations andUnfinished Task of Land, Ministry of RuralDevelopment, Government of India statesunequivocally that “The conversion of agriculture landfor non-agricultural uses is leading to seriousconsequences” (p. 229)

The Report of theCommittee onState AgrarianRelations and

Unfinished Taskof Land, Ministry

of RuralDevelopment

describes the SEZpolicy as “highly

questionable”and the SEZ Act2005 as bearing“contradictionsin abundance”.

: 24 :


■ The Sub Group on Governance Issues and Policy ofLand of the Committee on State Agrarian Relations andUnfinished Task of Land, Ministry of RuralDevelopment, Government of India writes that thenotification of SEZs in 53 out of 607 districts is sure topromote regional inequities.

■ The Sub-Group recommended revisiting the SEZ Actcomprehensively and putting a ban on exemptions ondiversion of land in scheduled areas and also transfersof common property and agricultural land for SEZ/STZpurposes. It also criticized the Act for the lack of Cost-Benefit analysis conducted for SEZ projects or“assessment of economic losses as a result of diversionof agricultural land to non-agricultural purposes andresultant impacts on local livelihood.” (p. 134)


: 25 :

VII. FINAL WORD

The above mentioned issues were raised at meetingswith the Union Minister of Commerce, the Special

Secretary MoC, Minister of State (MoC) in September 2006,Chairperson of the Empowered Group of Ministers in April2007 and with the Parliamentary Standing Committee onCommerce in May 2007 by delegations of civil societymembers, activists and representatives of affectedcommunities. Each time assurances of consultations weregiven but no such initiatives were taken and the demandsput forth have been completely overlooked till date.Meanwhile, more that 550 projects have received approvalsand land grab continues.

We believe that the current SEZ Act and Policy provideslegislative and judicial support to privatization of thecountry’s resources and has the potential to destabilize thedemocratic governance system. In addition to this, itthreatens and over rides the existing rights of workers,farmers and other communities to be affected by SEZs. Weare also concerned about the huge costs to the stateexchequer as well as the economy of this country as a resultof concessions provided to Private Corporations under theSEZ legislation and policy.

Therefore, we once again firmly demand that to ensureindustrial and economic development which is sustainable,equitable and democratic, the SEZ Act be thoroughlyreviewed. We demand:

� A moratorium on further approvals of SEZ

� An independent review of the functioning ofexisting SEZs vis a vis stated objectives asrecommended by the Parliamentary StandingCommittee in its 83rd Report. Public audit of SEZsshould be conducted through public consultationsand hearings as a part of this

: 26 :


� In areas where there have been protests againstapproved and notified SEZs, the projects must becancelled or de-notified and land acquisitionsalready made should be annulled.

� The ultimate move should be a repeal of thislegislation because of its un-constitutional nature

We demand that the democratically elected governmentstarts responding to the interests of its citizens and peoplethan to those of companies and developers.


: 27 :

VIII. SIGNATORIES

1. Sez Virodhi Manch, Goa2. SEZ-Virodhi Sangharsh Samiti, Raigad, Maharashtra3. Campaign Against Special Economic Zones (Sirapu

Porulaathara Mandala Edirappu Iyyakkam), TamilNadu

4. Karavali Karnataka Janaabhivriddhi Vedike,Mangalore

5. Matru Bhoomi Raksha Sangharsh Samiti, Gagret,Himachal Pradesh

6. Karnataka Domestic workers Union and NAPMKarnataka

7. Nadi Ghati Morcha, Chhattisgarh8. A.P. Agricultural Workers Union and NAPM

Andhra Pradesh9. Kisan Sangharsh Samiti, Madhya Pradesh10. Azaadi Bachao Andolan11. National Alliance for People’s Movements12. Thanal, Kerala13. River Basin Friends, North East14. Mamata Dash, National Forum for Forest People and

Forest Workers15. Preeti Sampat, Mazdoor Kisan Shakti Sangathan16. Ashok Agarwal, Supreme Court Lawyer, New delhi17. Ashim Jain, Bangalore18. Rohit Jain, Shruti, New Delhi19. Asit Das20. Meher Engineer21. Amita BaviskarAssociate Professor, Institute of

Economic Growth, Delhi University22. Shiva Chandra Dhakal, Assistant Professor, School

of Social Work23. Centre for Community Organisation and

Development Practice24. Tata Institute of Social Sciences25. Arun Kumar, Professor, JNU,

: 28 :


26. Yamini Atmavilas, Associate Professor and Chair,Gender Studies, Centre for Human Development

27. Satish K. Jain, Professor of Economics, Centre forEconomic Studies and Planning, JNU

28. Pradeep Esteves, Conext india, Bangalore29. Aseem Sirvastava, Economist and Writer30. Rajesh Ramakrishnan, New Delhi31. Kamal Chenoy, Professor, JNU32. Vijayan MJ, Delhi Forum33. Harsh Kapoor, South Asia Citizens Web34. Lakshmanan, Assistant Professor, MIDS, Chennai35. Clifton and Sidharth Narrain, Alternative Law

Forum, Bangalore36. Priyanca Mathur Velath, Ph.D Candidate, Centre for

the Study of Law and Governance, Jawaharlal NehruUniversity

37. Ashish Ghosh, New Delhi38. James Pochurry, Action Aid, New Delhi39. Wilfred D, General Secretary, Indian Social Action

Forum (INSAF)40. S. Parasuraman, Director, Tata Institute of Social

Sciences41. Trilochan Sastry, Professor and Dean (Academic),

Indian Institute of Management, Bangalore42. Swapna Banerjee-Guha, Professor of Development

StudiesSchool of Social Sciences, Tata Institute of Social Sciences,

Mumbai, India43. Ramaswamy Iyer, New Delhi44. Atul Chokshi, Professor, Department of Materials

Engineering, Indian Institute of Science45. Nagesh Hegde, Bangalore46. Deepak Malghan, Assistant Professor, Centre for

Public PolicyIndian Institute of Management Bangalore

47. Manshi Asher, Environment Research and ActionCollective, Himachal Pradesh

48. intercultural resources, New Delhi


: 29 :

IX. QUESTIONS FORPARLIAMENTARIANS

1. The Report of the Committee on State AgrarianRelations and Unfinished Task of Land, Ministry ofRural Development, Government of India, NewDelhi, 2008, has raised several concerns with regardsto SEZs especially in relation to land grab anddispossession. What has been or will be the courseof action of the MoRD with relation to this report?

2. In response to the 83rd report of the ParliamentaryStanding Committee on Commerce on the‘Functioning of SEZs’, the ATR 87th report wassubmitted to the Rajya Sabha on 24th October 2008by the Ministry of Commerce. What has been thefollow up to this by the newly appointedParliamentary Standing Committee? Have theconcerns of the 83rd report been addressed in theATR and discussed in the Parliament?

3. The Comptroller and Auditor General of India’s(CAG) Union Audit Report 2007 outlined that someexisting SEZs are operating within a system thatenables the government to forego tax revenue.Tabled in the Parliament on 11 March 2008, the CAGreport brought 370 SEZ units under scanner with alimited objective to verify if they had complied withexisting Customs Act, Rules, notifications etc. Thereview brought out systemic as well as complianceweaknesses that caused lost revenues. What followup has been undertaken in this regard, includingdiscussions in the parliament and what action hasbeen taken?

4. Does the Ministry of Commerce have anymechanism of independent assessment of the successof exports, employment in SEZs? Does the Ministryof Commerce have a sector wise and SEZ-wisedisaggregated data to show that SEZs establishedafter the passing of the SEZ act have been successful?The Ministry of Commerce should present this data.

: 30 :


5. It has been five years since the SEZ Act 2005 waspassed and almost 10 years since the policy wasevolved. Does the Ministry of Commerce have anyindependent or scientific study to prove that SEZshave been successful in fulfilling their objectives

6. Does the Ministry of Commerce have disaggregateddata on the Net Foreign Exchange earned by SEZs?If yes, the MoC should present this data from thelast ten years for each of the SEZs. If not, then canthe MOC clarify on what basis it proclaims that SEZshave been successful in fulfilling their objectives?

7. Can the MoC present the total number of SEZs andlist of SEZs that have applied for denotification orwithdrawal of approvals? Does the MoC have aguideline on what happens to the land that is inpossession of developers who have decided towithdraw from the SEZ?

8. Can the Ministry of Commerce enlist cases wherethe SEZ proposal was denied approval on thegrounds that the landowners were unwilling to partwith the land?

9. Despite the guidelines of the EGoM with referenceto no forced acquisition of land for SEZs, there areseveral SEZs where the Land Acquisition Act 1894is being used. What action has the Ministry ofCommerce taken in ensuring that the EGoMguideline is complied with?

10. Does the Ministry of Commerce have figures of thetotal land actually acquired for and diverted to SEZsin the last five years and the various categories ofland state wise? The MoC should present this data

11. Does the Ministry of Finance have the latest data onlosses to State as well as Central Revenuedepartments due to exemptions and subsidiesgranted to SEZs in that last five years? Data to bepresented.


: 31 :

X. REFERENCE LIST/ WEBRESOURCES

1. SEZs: One More Anti-Bharat Act by India ArunKumar, Mainstream April, 27-May 3, 2007. Pp. 11 –18

2. SEZs: A catalogue of questions, Aseem Srivastava,http://infochangeindia.org/200702036051/Trade-Development/Analysis/SEZs-A-catalogue-of-questions.html

3. Seminar, February 2008, Special Economic ZonesCul-de-sac http://www.india-seminar.com/

4. 83rd report of the parliamentary standing committeeon commerce ‘on the functioning of SpecialEconomic Zones’http://164.100.47.5:8080/newcommittee/reports/E n g l i s h C o m m i t t e e s / C o m m i t t e e % 2 0 o n %20Commerce/Report%20SEZ1.htm

5. 87th report of the parliamentary standing committeeon commerce on Action taken by Government onthe recommendations/observations of thecommittee contained in its 83rd reporthttp://164.100.47.5:8080/newcommittee/reports/E n g l i s h C o m m i t t e e s / C o m m i t t e e % 2 0 o n %20Commerce/87th%20report.htm

6. Comptroller Auditor General’s reports on SEZs

7. In the Name of Growth: The Politics and Economicof SEZs in India, Shankar Gopalakrishnan, Councilfor Social Development, http://sanhati.com/articles/228/

8. Ministry of Commerce’s Official Website on SEZshttp://www.sezindia.nic.in/

: 32 :


9. Special Economic Zones: Profits At Any Cost By C.R.Bijoy, 22 October, 2007, Countercurrents.org

10. People’s Memorandum Against Special SEZs, 2006

11. Letter to the Empowered Group of Ministers, 2007

12. People’s Delegation Meets Ministry of Commerceon SEZs http://www.ncasindia.org/public/whatnew/sez/press_release.pdf

13. Public Price of Success: Nokia SEZ, http://www.indiaenvironmentportal.org.in/content/nokia-sez-public-price-success

14. Citizens Research Collective against SEZssez.icrindia.org/

15. The Special Economic Zones Act 2005


: 33 :

XI.

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: 34 :


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Pan

chay

at

Apa

che

Foo

twea

r

(Tai

wan

)

AP

IIC f

or

Geo

rgia

Tec

h

8th

Aug

ust,

2006

Not

yet

appr

oved

34

0 a

cre

s o

f

villa

ge

co

m-

mon

land

& 7

0

acre

s of

tem

ple

lan

d f

rom

th

e

en

do

wm

en

ts

de

pa

rtm

en

t;

500

acre

s fr

om

the

loca

l Gra

m

Pa

nch

aya

t —

Ch

in

a

Mam

battu

. P

ri-

vate

ind

ustr

ial-

ists

pur

chas

ed

an

oth

er

10

0

acr

es

of

ag

ri-

cultu

ral

land

in

the

vici

nity

.

250

acre

s

Wea

vers

,

shep

herd

s,

barb

ers,

was

herm

en

and

wom

en

and

Yan

adi

trib

als

crop

far

min

g, a

cqui

red

by

forc

e. T

he fa

rmer

s w

ere

paid

Rs

2.95

lak

hs p

er a

cre

as

com

pens

atio

n fo

r th

e fir

st

phas

e.

4) In

adeq

uate

reh

a-

bilit

atio

n m

easu

res,

mea

sly

com

pens

atio

n an

d as

a r

e-

sult

all

land

is

yet

to b

e va

-

cate

d.

1) Y

anad

is,

who

dep

end

on

natu

ral a

nd c

omm

unity

pro

p-

erty

reso

urce

s, a

re in

elig

ible

to re

ceiv

e an

y co

mpe

nsat

ion

for t

he d

ispl

acem

ent c

ause

d

by th

e S

EZ

bec

ause

they

do

not

own

any

land

. 2)

Loc

als

have

not

bee

n gi

ven

jobs

and

educ

atio

nal o

ppor

tuni

ties.

SE

Z a

ppro

ved

in t

he g

uise

of a

Uni

vers

ity w

here

as

the

orig

inal

pur

pose

is f

or c

om-

mer

cial

use

affe

cted

peo

ple

have

file

d a

case

in

the

AP

Hig

h C

ourt

.

Uni

vers

ity s

late

d to

beg

in

oper

atio

ns la

te th

is y

ear.

Wai

ting

for

amen

dmen

t of

law

on

priv

ate

univ

ersi

ties


: 35 :

PU

NJA

B

Dis

tric

tL

oca

tio

n/

Vill

ages

Dev

elo

per

Dat

e &

sta

tus

Ap

pro

val

Lan

d A

rea

invo

lved

Co

mm

un

ity

Aff

ecte

dK

ey is

sues

of

con

cern

/

dem

and

sS

tatu

s o

n t

he

gro

un

d

Am

ritsa

r D

LF F

orm

al

App

rova

l

1200

acr

esJa

t, S

ikh

Far

mer

s,

Land

less

labo

ur

On

16

th A

ug

ust

20

06

, th

e

Sec

tion

4 no

tice

was

iss

ued

for

the

acqu

isiti

on o

f 12

18

acr

es

of

lan

d.

7 v

illa

ge

s -

Ch

ee

tey,

Ra

ipu

r, P

an

do

ri,

Ma

him

a,

Pa

khu

V

ala

,

Che

etey

Khu

rd, R

akch

eete

y.

All

the

land

to

be a

cqui

red

was

fer

tile

and

irrig

ated

and

wou

ld a

ffect

a p

opul

atio

n of

2600

0 pe

ople

. T

he m

arke

t

rate

of

the

land

var

ied

from

Rs

40 l

akh

to a

cro

re.

The

Gov

t. o

ffere

d on

ly R

s. 8

to

13 la

khs.

80%

of t

he la

nd lo

s-

ers

wer

e sm

all f

arm

ers

Hug

e pr

otes

t/agi

tatio

ns l

ed

by B

hara

t K

isan

Uni

on E

kta

till

the

notif

icat

ion

for

Land

Acq

uisi

tion

was

with

draw

n

9th

Feb

ruar

y 20

07

: 36 :

A Citizens' Report Card on Special Economic ZonesG

OA

Dis

tric

tL

oca

tio

n/

Vill

ages

Dev

elo

per

Dat

e &

sta

tus

Ap

pro

val

Lan

d A

rea

invo

lved

Co

mm

un

ity

Aff

ecte

dK

ey is

sues

of

con

cern

/

dem

and

sS

tatu

s o

n t

he

gro

un

d

Ker

im

Ver

na

San

coal

e

Tal

uka-

Pon

da

Ver

na

Indu

stria

l

Est

ate

Tal

-

Mor

mug

ao

Med

itab

Spe

cial

ties

Pvt

. Lt

d.

K R

ahej

as

Cor

p P

vt. L

td

Pen

insu

la

Res

earc

h

Cen

tre

Pvt

Ltd

Not

ified

vid

e

541(

E)

on

10th

Apr

il

2007

Not

ified

on

10th

Jul

y, 0

7

For

mal

App

rova

l

123.

2 ha

105.

91 h

a

20.3

65 h

a

La

nd

Acq

uis

itio

n b

y G

IDC

and

tran

sfer

to

SE

Z w

as i

n

done

has

te w

ithou

t pr

oper

proc

edur

al f

orm

aliti

es;

land

was

ear

lier

decl

ared

for

uni

-

vers

ity p

urpo

se

Indu

stri

al e

stat

e du

ring

the

4th

phas

e la

nd w

as a

cqui

red

for i

ndus

tria

l pur

pose

, but

was

hand

ed o

ver

to S

EZ

with

out

auct

ion.

Lan

d tr

ansf

erre

d to

SE

Z a

t a

muc

h lo

wer

pric

e,

even

less

than

the

pric

e G

IDC

had

purc

hase

d.

Com

pany

was

not

eve

n re

g-

iste

red

at th

e tim

e of

its

appl

i-

catio

n.

Go

vt.

allo

tte

d l

an

d

whe

n th

e co

mpa

ny h

ad n

ot

even

app

lied

for

SE

Z.

The

land

allo

tted

was

mor

e th

an

com

pa

ny'

s d

em

an

d.

Allo

t-

men

t was

don

e in

has

te w

ith-

out

prop

er p

roce

dure

s.

Land

Acq

uire

d by

GID

C b

ut

proj

ect i

s on

hol

d by

the

stat

e

Gov

t. , T

he n

otifi

catio

n m

ight

be c

ance

lled

Land

Acq

uire

d by

GID

C b

ut

proj

ect i

s on

hol

d by

the

stat

e

Gov

t. . T

he n

otifi

catio

n m

ight

be c

ance

lled

Land

Acq

uire

d by

GID

C b

ut

proj

ect i

s on

hol

d by

the

stat

e

Gov

t. . T

he n

otifi

catio

n m

ight

be c

ance

lled


: 37 :

Dis

tric

tL

oca

tio

n/

Vill

ages

Dev

elo

per

Dat

e &

sta

tus

Ap

pro

val

Lan

d A

rea

invo

lved

Co

mm

un

ity

Aff

ecte

dK

ey is

sues

of

con

cern

/

dem

and

sS

tatu

s o

n t

he

gro

un

d

Ver

na

Ver

na

Ver

na

Ver

na

Indu

stria

l

Est

ate

Ver

na

Indu

stria

l

Est

ate

Ver

na

Indu

stria

l

Est

ate

Pla

net

view

Mer

cant

ile

Com

pany

Lim

ited

Inox

Mer

cant

ile

Com

pany

Priv

ate

Lim

ited

Par

adig

m

Logi

stic

s &

Dis

trib

utio

n

Pvt

Ltd

For

mal

App

rova

l

For

mal

App

rova

l

For

mal

App

rova

l

13.2

8 ha

48.4

8 ha

40.2

5 ha

Inco

mpl

ete

appl

icat

ion

form

,

but

land

was

allo

tted.

Man

y

issu

es

in t

ype

of

SE

Z i

n

proj

ect

prop

osal

. T

wo

diffe

r-

ent p

urpo

ses

are

men

tione

d.

No

va

lid d

iscl

osu

re a

bo

ut

com

pany

det

ails

.

Inco

mpl

ete

appl

icat

ion

form

,

but

land

is

still

allo

tted,

lan

d

allo

tted

is m

ore

than

requ

ired.

Allo

tted

land

and

its

deve

lop-

men

t has

issu

es

Land

Acq

uire

d by

GID

C b

ut

proj

ect i

s on

hol

d

Land

Acq

uire

d by

GID

C b

ut

proj

ect i

s on

hol

d

Land

Acq

uire

d by

GID

C b

ut

proj

ect i

s on

hol

d

: 38 :

A Citizens' Report Card on Special Economic ZonesG

UJA

RA

T

Dis

tric

tL

oca

tio

n/

Vill

ages

Dev

elo

per

Dat

e &

sta

tus

Ap

pro

val

Lan

d A

rea

invo

lved

Co

mm

un

ity

Aff

ecte

dK

ey is

sues

of

con

cern

/

dem

and

sS

tatu

s o

n t

he

gro

un

d

Jam

naga

r

Mun

dra

Vill

age

and

Tal

uka

Vill

ages

Tun

da a

nd

Sira

cha,

Tal

uka

Mun

dra

Mun

dra

Por

t

and

SE

Z

limite

d

Ada

ni P

ower

Priv

ate

Ltd

Rel

ianc

e

Infr

astr

uctu

re

Ltd

Not

ified

on

2nd

May

,

2008

Not

ified

on

10th

May

2007

Not

ified

on

19th

Apr

il,

2006

and

on

4th

June

,

2007

1074

-17-

55

ha 293-

88-1

0 ha

1764

.137

ha

Gra

zin

g

gro

un

ds

of

the

Rab

ari c

omm

unity

dep

ende

nt

on c

attle

rea

ring

dive

rted

Dis

pute

s on

com

pens

atio

n fo

r

the

land

acq

uire

d; p

ollu

tion

in

perip

hera

l la

nds;

den

otifi

ed

Mar

ine

Nat

iona

l P

ark;

cor

al

reef

des

truc

tion

Cas

e fil

ed in

the

Hig

h C

ourt

on b

lock

ing

of c

reek

s as

a

resu

lt of

the

cons

truc

tion

and

ma

ng

rove

d

est

ruct

ion

;

Com

plai

nt t

o th

e M

oEF

and

For

est

Adv

isor

y C

omm

ittee

on

ma

ng

rove

de

stru

ctio

n;

Co

mp

an

y st

ill

aw

ait

ing

dive

rsio

n of

157

2 he

ctar

es o

f

fore

st

lan

d;

Co

ast

al

Reg

ulat

ion

Zon

e C

lear

ance

s

pend

ing

Pro

ject

C

on

stru

ctio

n

Com

plet

ed

Pro

ject

is f

unct

iona

l; bu

t th

e

farm

ers

are

mob

ilizi

ng.

The

Su

pre

me

Co

urt

re

ject

ed

revi

ew

o

f co

mp

en

sati

on

amou

nts

Wag

her

Mus

-

lims

Ra

ba

ris

an

d

othe

rs

Fa

rme

rs a

nd

ag

ric

ult

ura

l

labo

urer

s


: 39 :

Dis

tric

tL

oca

tio

n/

Vill

ages

Dev

elo

per

Dat

e &

sta

tus

Ap

pro

val

Lan

d A

rea

invo

lved

Co

mm

un

ity

Aff

ecte

dK

ey is

sues

of

con

cern

/

dem

and

sS

tatu

s o

n t

he

gro

un

d

Bha

vnag

ar

Bha

ruch

Dho

lera

,

Dha

nduk

a

Vill

age

Dah

ej,

Am

bhet

a,

Luva

ra,

Suv

a

Lakh

igam

and

Jage

shw

ar in

Tal

uke

Vag

ra,

Ada

ni G

roup

Dah

ej S

EZ

Lim

ited

(GID

C)

In p

rinci

ple

App

rova

l

Not

ified

on

20th

Dec

embe

r

2006

1000

ha

1718

-93-

87

ha

Tid

al

fla

t a

rea

; g

razi

ng

gro

un

ds

fo

r ca

me

ls a

nd

catt

le;

priv

ate

purc

hase

by

mid

dle

men

and

spe

cula

tion

is h

igh

Po

lluti

on

fr

om

e

xist

ing

ind

ust

rie

s;

gro

un

d

wa

ter

extr

actio

n ha

s re

duce

d w

ater

leve

l. A

rou

nd

16

vill

ag

es

havi

ng 4

000

hous

ehol

ds f

all

in t

he 1

2 k.

m.

radi

us o

f th

e

SE

Z a

rea.

Mor

e th

an 5

0% o

f

the

land

in t

he a

rea

is u

nder

culti

vatio

n. T

he m

ain

crop

s in

the

area

are

whe

at,

cotto

n,

lent

ils, a

nd m

ango

and

chi

koo

gro

ves.

M

an

gro

ves

are

spre

ad o

ver

an a

rea

of 2

45

hect

ares

whi

le t

he e

xist

ing

ind

ust

rie

s,

ove

r 1

26

4

he

cta

res.

S

alt

p

an

s a

re

spre

ad o

ver

a la

rge

area

En

viro

nm

en

t C

lea

ran

ce

be

ing

q

ue

stio

ne

d

by

En

viro

nm

en

t g

rou

ps

as

a

resu

lt of

pro

xim

ity t

o B

lack

Buc

k S

anct

uary

(V

elav

adar

)

Som

e fa

rmer

s ar

e at

tem

ptin

g

to r

ais

e i

ssu

es

esp

. w

ith

sard

ar s

arov

ar c

anal

com

ing

into

the

area

to p

rovi

de w

ater

for

indu

strie

s an

d S

EZ

Jath

s a

nd

Bha

rwad

s

Ag

ari

ya (

salt

pan

wor

kers

)

and

farm

ers

: 40 :

A Citizens' Report Card on Special Economic ZonesS

urat

Sur

at

Ichh

apor

Haz

ira

Guj

arat

Hira

Bou

rse

(Gem

s an

d

Jew

elle

ry)

Ess

ar S

teel

Not

ified

on

20th

Jul

y

2007

Not

ified

on

28th

Sep

tem

ber

2006

73-8

7-97

ha

247.

5222

ha

Land

allo

tted

at m

uch

low

er

pric

e th

an th

e m

arke

t. P

roje

ct

was

not

SE

Z in

200

7 bu

t go

t

SE

Z

sta

tus

late

r.

La

nd

acq

uir

ed

25

ye

ars

be

fore

unde

r com

puls

ory

acqu

isiti

on

& k

ept u

nuse

d by

GID

C. L

oss

of

loca

l e

mp

loym

en

t in

all

thes

e ye

ars.

Soc

ial i

mpa

cts

Lo

ss

of

lan

ds

use

d

for

veg

eta

ble

fa

rmin

g

an

d

agri

cultu

re;

loss

of

graz

ing

grou

nds;

acc

ess

to t

he s

ea

lost

; pol

lutio

n; in

unda

tion

due

to

con

stru

ctio

n;

salin

ity;

prob

lem

of

mig

rant

lab

our

-

wom

en f

acin

g th

e br

unt

of

risi

ng

cri

min

al

act

ivit

ies;

Fur

ther

dis

plac

emen

t lik

ely

as

a re

sult

of e

xpan

sion

Land

allo

tted

Ste

el

Pla

nt

is

be

ing

exp

an

de

d

- N

o

pro

test

mo

vem

en

t so

fa

r a

s th

e

com

pany

has

tot

al c

ontr

ol

over

the

Gra

m P

anch

ayat

Kha

lasi

s,

Hal

patis

(dal

its)


: 41 :

HA

RY

AN

A

Dis

tric

tL

oca

tio

n/

Vill

ages

Dev

elo

per

Dat

e &

sta

tus

Ap

pro

val

Lan

d A

rea

invo

lved

Co

mm

un

ity

Aff

ecte

dK

ey i

ssu

es o

f co

nce

rn/d

eman

ds

Gur

gaon

Jhaj

jar

+

Gur

gaon

Rel

ianc

eF

orm

al

App

rova

l

Gur

gaon

(44

0

hect

ares

), I

n

prin

cipl

e

App

rova

l

Jhaj

jar

(500

0

hect

ares

)

2500

0 ac

res

A jo

int v

entu

re b

etw

een

Rel

ianc

e V

en-

ture

s Lt

d an

d th

e H

SIID

C w

as s

igne

d

on J

une

19,

2006

, fo

r se

tting

up

a

Mul

ti-pr

oduc

t Meg

a S

peci

al E

cono

mic

Zon

e ov

er 2

5,00

0 ac

res

in G

urga

on-

Jhaj

jar

in H

arya

na (

that

was

late

r bi

-

furc

ated

into

two

SE

Zs

- 12

,500

acr

es

at

Gu

rga

on

an

d 1

2,5

00

acr

es

at

Jha

jjar)

. T

he

HS

IID

C c

on

trib

ute

d

1,08

6 ac

res

from

its

land

ban

k. S

ince

mos

t of

the

lan

d is

agr

icul

tura

l an

d

fert

ile th

e co

mpa

ny a

nd H

SIID

C h

ave

face

d se

vere

agi

tatio

ns b

y fa

rmer

s fo

r

the

last

two

year

s. R

elia

nce

clai

ms

that

it ha

s pu

rcha

sed

an a

dditi

onal

800

0

acr

es.

Ne

ar

the

Ku

nd

li-M

an

esa

r-

Pa

lwa

l e

xpre

ssw

ay

in G

urg

ao

n,

a

larg

e nu

mbe

r of

fam

ilies

are

aga

inst

the

tran

sfer

of 1

,395

acr

es o

f lan

d ac

-

quire

d by

the

HS

IIDC

. T

he f

arm

ers'

poin

ts o

f op

posi

tion

are:

the

acq

uisi

-

tion

of fe

rtile

land

cou

pled

with

insu

ffi-

cien

t com

pens

atio

n of

abo

ut 1

5 to

20

lakh

an

acr

e w

hic

h i

s n

ow

wo

rth

cror

es.

The

far

mer

s ar

e al

so n

ot s

at-

isfie

d w

ith th

e st

ate

Gov

ernm

ent's

as-

sura

nce

to e

ach

fam

ily a

bout

giv

ing

them

jobs

in th

ese

SE

Zs.

Initi

ally

, th

e H

SIID

C h

ad p

aid

com

pens

atio

n ra

tes

vary

ing

from

15

to 2

0 la

kh a

n ac

re,

the

com

pany

is n

ow o

fferin

g

ab

ou

t 3

8 l

akh

s a

n a

cre

.

Pro

pe

rty

pri

ces

ha

ve

incr

ease

d ov

er th

e pa

st tw

o-

an

d-a

-ha

lf-ye

ars

. F

arn

ers

are

no

t sa

tisf

ied

wit

h t

he

rate

s gi

ven

by R

elia

nce.

The

land

ow

ners

who

hav

e no

t

sold

th

e

lan

d

yet

are

dem

andi

ng a

roun

d on

e cr

ore

rup

ee

s p

er

acr

e.

In J

uly

2008

, a

Mah

apan

chay

at w

as

calle

d b

y H

ary

an

a K

isa

n

Ma

zdo

or

Bh

oo

mi

Ba

cha

o

San

ghar

sh S

amiti

to

prot

est

agai

nst t

he p

olic

e ba

rric

adin

g

in th

e ar

ea. T

he h

eavy

pol

ice

pre

sen

ce h

as

cre

ate

d a

sen

se o

f fe

ar

am

on

g t

he

villa

gers

.

Raj

puts

,

dalit

s, a

nd

agric

ultu

ral

labo

urer

s

(mig

rant

s

Sta

tus

on

th

e g

rou

nd

: 42 :

A Citizens' Report Card on Special Economic ZonesH

IMA

CH

AL

PR

AD

ES

H

Dis

tric

tL

oca

tio

n/

Vill

ages

Dev

elo

per

Dat

e &

sta

tus

Ap

pro

val

Lan

d A

rea

invo

lved

Co

mm

un

ity

Aff

ecte

dK

ey i

ssu

es o

f co

nce

rn/d

eman

ds

Una

Gag

ret

SK

IL

Infr

astr

uctu

re

(Airp

ort

and

Mul

ti pr

oduc

t

SE

Z)

In p

rinci

ple

App

rova

l33

20 h

a.Lo

ss o

f ag

ricul

ture

lan

ds (

fert

ile a

nd

doub

le c

ropp

ed);

Mis

info

rmat

ion

Cam

-

paig

n by

the

Gov

t. -

no

clar

ity o

n th

e

exac

t ar

ea a

nd s

tatu

s of

lan

d to

be

acqu

ired

Ma

tru

Bh

oo

mi

Sa

ng

ars

h

Sa

mit

i -

loca

l p

eo

ple

's

mov

emen

t is

opp

osin

g th

e

proj

ect;

Sur

vey

cond

ucte

d by

the

Go

vt.

ha

s in

corr

ect

info

rmat

ion

abou

t th

e ar

ea

an

d a

ffe

cte

d h

ou

seh

old

s;

Fre

sh S

urve

y an

noun

ced;

In

prin

cipl

e ap

prov

al r

enew

ed

first

gra

nted

in

2006

- n

ow

rene

wed

Far

mer

s

Sta

tus

on

th

e g

rou

nd


: 43 :

KA

RN

AT

AK

A

Dis

tric

t

Man

galo

re,

Dak

shin

a

Kan

nada

Nan

dagu

di

Bid

adi

Str

on

g

ag

ita

tio

n

on

th

e

grou

nd. P

ostc

ard

cam

paig

n,

stre

et

pro

test

s,

mem

oran

dum

s, a

war

enes

s

pro

gra

ms

for

pa

nch

aya

ts,

tele

vise

d de

bate

s, a

rtic

les

in

tele

visi

on a

nd m

ass

med

ia.

18

00

acr

es

ha

ve a

lre

ad

y

been

acq

uire

d.

Far

mer

s no

t yet

app

roac

hed

by

de

velo

pe

r.

S

till

in

pla

nn

ing

sta

ge

. P

rote

sts

have

bee

n on

goin

g in

clud

ing

pe

titi

on

s to

th

e

Ch

ief

Min

iste

r.

Lo

cati

on

/ V

illag

esD

evel

op

er

Kud

ibi P

avad

u,

Moo

dbid

ri ta

luka

and

othe

rs

Ben

galu

ru R

ural

Ban

diko

dige

halli

,K

anch

ugra

naha

lli,

Bai

ram

anga

la,

B.

K.

Pal

ya,

Sin

gaha

lli,

Gol

laha

lli a

ndot

her

villa

ges

KIA

DB

(26

%),

KC

CI

(2%

),

MR

PL-

ON

GC

(23%

, IL

FS

(Inf

rast

ruct

ure

Leas

ing

and

Fin

ance

Ser

vice

s) (

49%

)

SK

IL

Infr

astr

uctu

re

Bid

adi

Inte

grat

ed

Tow

nshi

p

Lan

d A

rea

invo

lved

Co

mm

un

ity

Aff

ecte

dK

ey is

sues

of

con

cern

/

dem

and

s

Land

whi

ch h

ad b

een

notif

ied

for

the

p

roje

ct

sho

uld

b

e

imm

edia

tely

de-

notif

ied.

The

SE

Z p

rom

oter

sho

uld

buy

land

from

onl

y th

ose

will

ing

to s

ell

it. T

he fa

rmer

s de

man

d sp

ecia

l

pa

cka

ge

s to

pre

serv

e t

he

reg

ion

's

ag

ricu

ltu

re

an

d

envi

ronm

ent.

Man

galo

re S

EZ

is lo

cate

d ju

st 5

km

aw

ay fr

om

the

Ma

ng

alo

re I

nte

rna

tion

al

Airp

ort.

Fer

tile,

pro

duct

ive

land

, ri

ch

villa

ges.

Act

ive

culti

vatio

n in

the

are

a.

Su

pp

lies

30

%

of

Ba

ng

alo

re's

ve

ge

tab

les

&

da

iry.

L

an

d s

ho

uld

no

t b

e

take

n aw

ay fr

om fa

rmer

s. C

ash

com

pe

nsa

tio

n w

ill n

ot

he

lp

farm

ers

as t

hey

do n

ot k

now

how

to s

ave

or r

einv

est i

t.

The

pur

pose

of

acqu

isiti

on b

y

the

Gov

t. is

not

men

tione

d in

the

pre

limin

ary

no

tifi

cati

on

ord

er

issu

ed

to

fa

rme

rs.

Far

mer

s w

ant

a fa

ir pa

ckag

e

for

the

land

acq

uire

d.

Far

mer

s,

agric

ultu

ral

labo

rers

,

Chr

istia

ns,

dalit

s, a

nd

Kud

ubi

trib

als;

Far

mer

s,

dairy

far

mer

s,

horti

cultu

ralis

ts,

seric

ultu

rists

,

agric

ultu

ral

labo

ur a

nd

dalit

fam

ilies

Far

mer

s,

agric

ultu

ral

labo

urer

s

Dat

e &

sta

tus

App

rova

l

6th

Nov

.

2007

12th

Jul

y

2007

In 2

006

Tot

al 3

756

acre

s of

land

req

uire

d; 1

800

acqu

ired,

203

5

bein

g so

ught

;

Baj

pe,

Kal

avar

,

Bal

a, 6

2-T

hoku

r,

Per

mud

e,

Kut

heth

oor,

The

nka

Yek

kar,

Del

anth

a B

ettu

in

Man

galo

re T

aluk

a

12

,35

0 a

cre

s re

-q

uir

ed

: th

e s

tate

Go

vt.

h

as

on

ly4

,74

5 a

cre

s o

f its

ow

n

an

d

the

re

-m

aini

ng 7

,605

acr

esw

ill h

ave

to b

e ac

-q

uir

ed

fr

om

th

efa

rmer

s in

thos

e vi

l-la

ges;

36

villa

ges

Sta

tus

on

th

e g

rou

nd

: 44 :

A Citizens' Report Card on Special Economic ZonesM

AH

AR

AS

HT

RA

Dis

tric

t

Rai

gad

Pun

e

Pun

e

Pun

e

10

% l

an

d i

s a

cqu

ire

d b

y

com

pa

ny

in

pri

vate

tran

sact

ion,

sta

te L

A i

s on

hold

, re

fere

ndum

is t

aken

in

22

vi

llag

es

on

2

1

st

of

Sep

tem

ber,

rep

ort

yet

to b

e

disc

lose

d

LA is

don

e w

ith c

ompr

omis

e

on c

ompe

nsat

ion

in 2

005

LA is

on

hold

LA is

on

hold

Lo

cati

on

/ V

illag

esD

evel

op

er

Pen

, U

ran,

Pan

vel

Vill

Man

n, T

al

Mul

shi,

Lona

vala

Vill

age

Gul

ani,

Dis

tric

t P

une

Mah

aMum

bai

SE

Z L

td -

(rel

ianc

e)

Info

sys

Tec

hnol

ogie

s

Lim

ited

(Raj

iv

Gan

dhi I

nfot

ech

Par

k, P

hase

-II)

M/s

. M

ahin

dra

Rea

lty

Dev

elop

ers

Ltd.

M/s

. B

hara

t

For

ge L

td.

Lan

d A

rea

invo

lved

Co

mm

un

ity

Aff

ecte

dK

ey is

sues

of

con

cern

/

dem

and

s

The

re a

re 4

5 vi

llage

s af

fect

ed

by

the

pro

ject

, o

f w

hic

h 2

2

villa

ge

s o

f P

en

fa

ll in

th

e

catc

hmen

t are

a of

the

Het

wan

e

irri

ga

tio

n

da

m.

Th

e

lan

d

acqu

ired

is v

ery

fert

ile, a

nd th

e

prox

imity

to

cree

k pe

rmits

ric

e

and

fish

culti

vatio

n.

Hig

her

com

pens

atio

n

Par

tly p

rivat

e pu

rcha

sed,

res

t

is u

nder

LA

, pro

cess

is o

n ha

lt

The

re a

re 1

4 vi

llage

s af

fect

ed

by t

he p

roje

ct,

in w

hich

the

re

are

4 vi

llage

s w

here

the

proj

ect

is o

n. T

here

is o

ppos

ition

to th

e

lan

d

acq

uis

itio

n.

Fe

rtile

,

irri

ga

ted

an

d s

elf

irr

iga

ted

agric

ultu

ral

land

. M

ain

crop

s

incl

ud

e p

ota

to,

tom

ato

an

d

othe

r ca

sh c

rops

Agr

is,

Kat

karis

Dat

e &

sta

tus

App

rova

l

In-p

rinci

ple

appr

oval

670(

E)

26th

Apr

il 20

07

In -

prin

cipl

e

App

rova

l

In-p

rinci

ple

App

rova

l

5000

ha

31.4

9 ha

1000

ha

2000

ha

Sta

tus

on

th

e g

rou

nd


: 45 :

Dis

tric

t

Pun

e

Nas

hik

Mum

bai

Nag

pur

LA

is

on

ho

ld,

pro

ject

is

can

celle

d/r

elo

cate

d u

nd

er

polit

ical

pre

ssur

e

LA is

on

hold

LA is

on

hold

Par

tly L

A is

don

e

Lo

cati

on

/ V

illag

esD

evel

op

er

Wag

holi

and

Loni

Khu

rd N

ear

Pun

e

Sin

ner

bloc

k,

Nas

hik

Gor

ai-M

anor

i

Reg

ion,

Mum

bai

Mih

an

Vid

eoco

n

Rea

lty a

nd

Infr

astr

uctu

re

Lim

ited

Indi

abul

ls

Indu

stria

l

Infr

astr

uctu

re

Lim

ited

M/s

. Pan

Indi

a

Par

yata

n Lt

d

Mah

aras

htra

Airp

ort

Dev

elop

men

t

Com

pany

Lim

ited

(MA

DC

)

Lan

d A

rea

invo

lved

Co

mm

un

ity

Aff

ecte

dK

ey i

ssu

es o

f co

nce

rn/d

eman

ds

Land

Acq

uisi

tion

by M

IDC

whi

ch h

as

alre

ady

acqu

ired

muc

h la

nd f

rom

the

area

for

ver

y lo

w c

ompe

nsat

ion'

2.

clos

e to

pun

e-ca

sh c

rops

cul

tivat

ion,

dairy

Land

Acq

uire

d by

MID

C a

t a

very

low

pric

e. T

he c

ompe

nsat

ion

is to

o lo

w.

La

nd

A

cqu

ire

d

ha

s m

an

y

envi

ronm

enta

l is

sues

and

affe

cts

the

cree

k's

ecol

ogy.

Los

s of

live

lihoo

d fo

r

the

com

mun

ity.

Fis

hing

, co

conu

t an

d

padd

y cu

ltiva

tion

are

the

mai

n so

urce

of in

com

e.

The

land

acq

uire

d is

fully

irrig

ated

. The

affe

cted

com

mun

ity is

bei

ng d

ispl

aced

for a

sec

ond

time.

Los

s of

live

lihoo

d du

e

to p

roxi

mity

to

the

city

and

indu

strie

s.

Peo

ple

affe

cted

are

inv

olve

d in

the

bu

sin

ess

of

da

iry

farm

ing

, o

ran

ge

culti

vatio

n an

d ot

her s

mal

l ent

erpr

ises

.

Wom

en a

re o

ppos

ing

the

proj

ect.

A

huge

air

port

car

go h

ub w

ithin

clo

se

prox

imity

of h

uman

hab

itatio

n ha

s m

any

envi

ronm

enta

l im

plic

atio

ns.

Dat

e &

sta

tus

App

rova

l

In -

prin

cipl

e

App

rova

l

For

mal

App

rova

l

In -

prin

cipl

e

App

rova

l

For

mal

App

rova

l

1000

ha

1023

.43

ha

1000

ha

1511

.51

ha

Sta

tus

on

th

e g

rou

nd

: 46 :

A Citizens' Report Card on Special Economic ZonesO

RIS

SA

Dis

tric

t

Jaga

tsin

gh-

pur

Con

sist

ent

Opp

ositi

on h

as

cont

inue

d at

the

pro

pose

d

pla

nt

an

d

po

rt

site

a

t

Jag

ats

ing

hp

ur

un

de

r th

e

bann

er o

f PO

SC

O P

ratir

odh

San

gram

Sam

iti. T

he p

roje

ct

ha

s re

ceiv

ed

a

n

en

viro

nm

en

t cl

ea

ran

ce.

How

ever

, th

e re

sist

ance

to

land

acq

uisi

tion

is s

till s

trong

.

Fo

rest

Cle

ara

nce

is

still

pend

ing

and

com

mun

ities

have

pas

sed

reso

lutio

ns fo

r

regu

laris

atio

n of

the

ir la

nd

rig

hts

u

nd

er

the

F

ore

st

Rig

hts

Act

200

6. T

he le

ader

of

the

mo

vem

en

t A

bh

ay

Sah

oo w

as a

rres

ted

by t

he

Ori

ssa

Pol

ice

in O

ct 2

008

unde

r fal

se c

rimin

al c

harg

es

Lo

cati

on

/ V

illag

esD

evel

op

er

Ers

amm

aP

OS

CO

Lan

d A

rea

invo

lved

Co

mm

un

ity

Aff

ecte

dK

ey i

ssu

es o

f co

nce

rn/d

eman

ds

1).

Thr

ee p

anch

ayat

s (v

illag

es)

with

3,3

50 h

ouse

hold

s an

d 22

,000

peop

le w

ill b

e di

spla

ced

by t

he

stee

l pla

nt a

nd p

ort a

lone

2)

. Gov

t.

reco

rds

reco

gniz

e on

ly 4

38 a

cres

out o

f 400

0 ac

res

as b

eing

priv

atel

y

owne

d. In

rea

lity,

mos

t of t

he la

nd

very

fer

tile

and

has

been

und

er

bete

l, ca

shew

and

oth

er c

ultiv

atio

n

by

ad

iva

si

(in

dig

en

ou

s)

com

mu

nit

ies

for

seve

ral

gene

ratio

ns.

3

). In

add

ition

, the

re

are

man

y la

ndle

ss f

amili

es t

hat

depe

nd o

n an

cilla

ry e

mpl

oym

ent

like

mak

ing

bask

ets

for

pack

agin

g

Paa

n (B

etel

) le

aves

gro

wn

in t

he

are

a.

4

).

Th

e

hu

ge

w

ate

r

requ

irem

ent

of t

he s

teel

pla

nt i

s

go

ing

to

aff

ect

irr

iga

tio

n a

nd

drin

king

wat

er s

uppl

y (f

rom

the

Mah

anad

i ri

ver)

of

Cut

tack

and

othe

r di

stric

ts

5).

Apa

rt f

rom

the

pla

nt

an

d p

ort

, th

e m

ine

s in

Su

da

rga

rh d

istr

ict

ove

r 6

00

0

hect

ares

are

goi

ng t

o af

fect

the

livel

ihoo

ds o

f th

e P

audi

Bhu

iyan

Adi

vasi

s w

ho a

re d

epen

dent

on

the

Kha

ndad

har

For

ests

.

Dat

e &

sta

tus

App

rova

l

In-p

rinci

ple

App

rova

l

4000

acr

es

Sta

tus

on

th

e g

rou

nd

Fis

hing

Com

mun

ities

,

farm

ers,

adi

vasi

s

(Pau

di B

huiy

ans


: 47 :

TA

MIL

NA

DU

Dis

tric

t

Bai

ram

anga

lam

Thi

ruva

nam

alai

Dis

tric

t

Sal

em

Vill

upur

am

Te

n

villa

ge

p

an

cha

yats

pass

ed a

res

olut

ion

agai

nst

land

acq

uisi

tion

for a

Spe

cial

Eco

nom

ic Z

one

in C

heyy

ar

talu

k in

T

hir

uva

na

ma

lai

Dis

tric

t on

Oct

ober

2, 2

008.

Pe

op

le

ha

ve

be

gu

n

to

agita

te o

n th

e gr

ound

usi

ng

tech

niqu

es li

ke g

hera

o; 5

30

RT

I ap

plic

atio

ns h

ave

been

file

d

de

ma

nd

ing

m

ore

info

rmat

ion

La

nd

a

lre

ad

y a

cqu

ire

d;

pe

op

le p

rote

stin

g a

ga

inst

SE

Z a

nd lo

ss o

f liv

elih

ood;

Lo

cati

on

/ V

illag

esD

evel

op

er

Bai

ram

anga

lam

,

San

amau

and

Kun

dam

aran

apal

li

panc

haya

ts,

near

Hos

ur

Che

yyar

tal

uk,

Sal

em

Vel

oor,

Pan

apak

kam

SIP

CO

T

SIP

CO

T

SIP

CO

T

SIP

CO

T

Lan

d A

rea

invo

lved

Co

mm

un

ity

Aff

ecte

dK

ey i

ssu

es o

f co

nce

rn/d

eman

ds

1) M

ore

than

5,0

00 f

amili

es a

re

de

pe

nd

en

t o

n

the

la

nd

fo

r

livel

ihoo

d; 2

) F

ertil

e la

nd u

nder

culti

vatio

n; 4

50 h

ouse

hold

s ha

ve

elec

tric

ity 3

) In

stea

d of

agr

icul

tura

l

land

, the

Gov

t. c

an a

cqui

re 7

,500

acre

s of

unc

laim

ed la

nd

1) L

oss

of l

ivel

ihoo

d; 2

) lo

ss o

f

pro

du

ctiv

e

ass

ets

; 3

) n

o

job

crea

tion

for

loca

ls

1) L

oss

of la

nd u

nder

ban

ana

and

rain

-fe

d p

ad

dy

cult

iva

tio

n;

2)

dis

reg

ard

fo

r e

nvi

ron

me

nta

l

conc

erns

; 3)

los

s of

liv

elih

ood;

4)

peop

le d

eman

d tr

ansp

aren

cy a

nd

info

rmat

ion;

4)

thos

e w

ho d

o no

t

wan

t to

sell

shou

ld n

ot b

e fo

rced

to

do s

o

1) L

oss

of l

ivel

ihoo

d fo

r pe

ople

culti

vatin

g co

conu

t, pa

lm, a

nd ra

in-

fed

crop

s in

clud

ing

1-yi

eld

padd

y

crop

; 2) L

ow c

ost o

f lan

d pu

rcha

se

and

inad

equa

te c

ompe

nsat

ion.

Dat

e &

sta

tus

App

rova

l

Apr

il (2

007)

3,00

0

acre

s

2200

acr

es

3500

acr

es

1600

acr

es

Sta

tus

on

th

e g

rou

nd

Far

mer

s,

hort

icul

tura

lists

,

agric

ultu

ral

labo

urer

s, d

alits

and

trib

als

Far

mer

s,

agric

ultu

ral

labo

urer

s,da

lits

and

trib

als

Far

mer

s,

agric

ultu

ral

labo

urer

s, d

alits

and

trib

als

Far

mer

s,

wea

vers

,

agric

ultu

ral

labo

urer

s, d

alits

and

trib

als

: 48 :

A Citizens' Report Card on Special Economic ZonesK

anjip

uram

Che

yyar

Mam

ondr

u,

Che

yyar

Nag

uner

i

SIP

CO

T

SIP

CO

T

SIP

CO

T

1)

25

0 a

cre

s o

n C

he

yya

r S

EZ

tran

sfer

red

to L

otus

Nik

e fa

ctor

y at

Rs.

90,

000

per

acre

. La

nd w

as

acqu

ired

at R

s. 3

5,00

0 pe

r ac

re;

2) C

ompe

nsat

ed a

t one

-yie

ld c

rop

rate

be

cau

se o

f G

ovt

.'s

mis

-

reco

rdin

g of

land

whi

ch a

ctua

lly is

a 2-

yiel

d cr

op.

1) L

and

bein

g ac

quire

d to

ext

end

the

SE

Z w

ill e

nclo

se a

vill

age;

2)

La

nd

w

ill

als

o

be

a

rou

nd

Ma

mo

nd

ru L

ake

, co

ntr

ave

nin

g

Gov

t. o

rdin

ance

tha

t no

fac

tory

sho

uld

be

lo

cate

d w

ithin

1 k

m

radi

us o

f la

ke;

3) N

o em

ploy

men

t

guar

ante

e fo

r di

spla

ced

1) T

empl

e la

nd b

elon

ging

to

G.R

.

Mut

t whe

re fa

rmer

s ar

e al

low

ed to

cult

iva

te;

2)

Fa

rme

rs w

ill n

ot

rece

ive

co

mp

en

sati

on

bu

t a

re

cla

imin

g

it

as

ten

an

ts;

3)

Spe

cula

tive

real

est

ate

is d

rivin

g

pric

es u

p in

the

area

200

1

650

acre

s

2000

acr

es

2500

acr

es

Far

mer

s,

agric

ultu

ral

labo

urer

s, d

alits

and

trib

als

Far

mer

s,

agric

ultu

ral

labo

urer

s, d

alits

and

trib

als

Land

less

agric

ultu

ral

labo

urer

s an

d

dalit

s


: 49 :

WE

ST

BE

NG

AL

Dis

tric

t

Eas

t

Mid

napo

re

Wes

t

Mid

napo

re

Th

e

pro

ject

h

as

be

en

relo

cate

d to

Nay

acha

r

Sin

ce N

ove

mb

er

20

08

, a

po

pu

lar

mo

vem

en

t h

ad

emer

ged

and

spre

ad o

ver

a

larg

er a

rea.

The

adi

vasi

s in

the

area

are

dem

andi

ng t

o

stop

the

dis

poss

essi

on o

f

trib

als

from

thei

r lan

d, fo

rest

s

and

wat

er i

n th

e na

me

of

de

velo

pm

en

t &

indu

stria

lizat

ion.

The

sta

te

has

been

hel

ples

s in

fron

t of

this

ups

urge

and

has

bee

n

tryi

ng to

"ne

gotia

te"

with

the

trib

als.

But

wha

t ha

s be

en

frus

trat

ing

thei

r ef

fort

s is

the

ess

en

tia

lly

de

mo

cra

tic

natu

re o

f thi

s up

surg

e.

Lo

cati

on

/

Vill

ages

Dev

elo

per

Nan

digr

am

Jhar

gham

Sal

im

Gro

up

Jind

al S

teel

Lan

d A

rea

invo

lved

Co

mm

un

ity

Aff

ecte

dK

ey i

ssu

es o

f co

nce

rn/d

eman

ds

The

SE

Z w

ould

spr

ead

over

29

mou

zas

(vill

ages

)

of w

hich

27

are

in N

andi

gram

. Mos

t of t

he la

nd to

be a

cqui

red

is u

nder

mul

ti-cr

op f

arm

ing.

Ove

r

40,0

00 p

eopl

e w

ould

be

affe

cted

. T

he v

illag

ers,

who

had

bee

n pr

edom

inan

tly s

uppo

rter

s of

the

part

y in

pow

er,

CP

I (M

), t

urne

d ag

ains

t it

and

org

an

ize

d a

re

sist

an

ce m

ove

me

nt

un

de

r th

e

bann

er o

f B

hum

i U

chhe

d P

ratir

odh

Com

mitt

ee

(BU

PC

). C

lash

es o

ver

the

issu

e tu

rned

vio

lent

as

polic

e an

d th

e C

PI

(M)

part

y ca

dres

unl

eash

ed

repr

essi

on o

f the

mov

emen

t in

Mar

ch 2

007.

5000

acr

es o

f lan

d w

as a

cqui

red

for t

he p

roje

ct, o

f

whi

ch 4

500

acre

s ha

nded

ove

r by

the

Gov

t. an

d

50

0 a

cre

s d

ire

ctly

pu

rch

ase

d b

y Ji

nd

al

fro

m

land

owne

rs.

A la

rge

port

ion

of la

nd h

ande

d ov

er

by t

he g

over

nmen

t fo

r th

e pr

ojec

t al

so,

incl

uded

larg

e tr

acts

of

fore

st l

and

mea

nt f

or d

istr

ibut

ion

amon

gst l

andl

ess

trib

als

as p

art o

f the

land

refo

rms

prog

ram

. Alth

ough

the

land

was

orig

inal

ly a

cqui

red

for

a st

eel

plan

t, in

Sep

tem

ber

2009

, Ji

ndal

got

SE

Z s

tatu

s fo

r th

e pr

ojec

t. A

pol

lutin

g st

eel p

lant

is b

eing

set

up

in t

he m

iddl

e of

a f

ores

ted

area

,

disp

osse

ssin

g tr

ibal

s fr

om t

heir

land

. T

here

wer

e

maj

or g

rieva

nces

am

ongs

t the

trib

als

agai

nst t

his.

The

mai

nstr

eam

med

ia h

ad c

onst

antly

por

tray

ed

a ve

ry r

osy

pict

ure

of th

e en

tire

proj

ect.

Dat

e &

sta

tus

App

rova

l

NA

1400

0

acre

s

5000

acr

es

Sta

tus

on

th

e g

rou

nd

Pea

sant

s

Adi

vasi

s

: 50 :


XII. MAP OF SEZS APPROVED AFTER THESEZ ACT

Source: Aseem Srivastava and Kashif Ali, December 2008


: 51 :

,lbZtsM ¼lst½ vf/kfu;e&2005 ds ikap lky,d laf{kIr leh{kk

I. lUnHkZ

ge 'kS{kf.kd laLFkkuksa] tu vkanksyuksa] dk;Z lewgksa] o fofHkUu leqnk;ksa ijvk/kkfjr laxBuksa ds lnL; o izfrfuf/k fiNys pkj lkyksa ls yxkrkj ns'k Hkjesa QSys lst fuekZ.k ds lanHkZ esa ;wih, ljdkj }kjk 2005 esa ikfjr fd, x, lstdkuwu ij reke fpark,a O;Dr djrs jgs gSaA dkuwu ds izko/kku Lo;a gh Li"Vdjrs gSa fd ;s vkink vkSj vfLFkjrk ds dkjd gSa] tks fd u;s vkfFkZd vkSjjktuSfrd {ks= ds fuekZ.k dks c<+kok nsrs gSaA ysfdu bu {ks=ksa ds okLrfodfØ;kUo;u vkSj fuekZ.k us ;g Hkh iznf'kZr fd;k gS fd vkS|ksfxdhdj.k] izkS|ksfxdhfodkl ;k ;gka rd fd fu;kZr of) dsoy <dkslyk gSA ,lbZtsM ¼lst½vf/kfu;e cuus ds pkj lky ckn ;g lkfcr gks x;k gS fd ;s {ks= ?kjsywdaifu;ksa ds fgrksa ,oa foÙkh; cktkjksa ds ykHk ds fy, lkoZtfud ,oa lkeqnkf;dlalk/kuksa ds lEifÙkgj.k dks c<+kok ns jgs gSaA

;wih, ljdkj us tkx:d gkssus ds ckotwn ns'k ds fofHkUu fgLlksa if'pe caxky]egkjk"Vª] vka/kz izns'k] rfeyukMq] iatkc ,oa gfj;k.kk esa fo'ks"k vkfFkZd {ks=ksa dsfuekZ.k ds fy, tcju Hkwfe vf/kxzg.kds f[kykQ izfrjks/k] dh vuns[kh djus dkjkLrk pquk gSA fdlkuksa o izHkkfor leqnk;ksa }kjk bu {ks=ksa ds fy, tcju Hkwfevf/kxzg.k o lalk/kuksa ij dCtk djus ls jksdus dh yxkrkj ekax ds ckotwn]ns'k Hkj dh reke ljdkjsa laokn cukus dh txg turk ds izzfrjkas/kksa dks nckuso dqpyus ds fy, jkT; e'khujh dh rkdr] cyiz;ksx vkSj diV vkfn lk/kuksadk bLrseky djrh vkbZ gSaA ,slk uanhxzke esa lfye lst] dkdhukMk esa dslsto th,evkj lst] dfyaxuxj esa ftany lst ;k txrflagiqj esa iksLdks esa fd;kx;kA

crkSj ukxfjd laxBuksa ,oa tu vkanksyuksa ds lnL;] ge fuEu dkj.kksa lsHkkjrh; jktuhfr] lekt o vFkZO;oLFkk ij lst ds izHkkoksa ds izfr xgjkbZ lsfpafrr gSa &

: 52 :


1- lst vf/kfu;e ds vlaoS/kkfud LoHkko vU; dkuwuksa dks izHkkfor dj jgsgSaA

2- Hkkjrh; jk"Vª ds dk;Z{ks= ds ckgj Lora= futh iwath bUdyso ds fuekZ.k ls[kkldj LFkkuh; Lo ljdkjksa ¼'kgjh ,oa xzkeh.k nksuksa½ dh yksdrkaf=dLo'kklu O;oLFkk,a u"V gks jgh gSaA

3- cMs+ iSekus ij gks jgs Hkwfe vf/kxzg.k o lafnX/k jh;y LVsV fctusl dsdkj.k [ksrh] eNyh ikyu o vU; ikjaifjd vkthfodk ds lk/kuksa dksuqdlku igqap jgk gSA

4- 'kks"k.kdkjh dk;Z{ks= dk okrkoj.k cu jgk gSA

5- vfu;af=r i;kZoj.kh; fouk'k ls ty] taxy ,oa tehu tSlh izkdfrdlalk/kuksa ij cks> c<+ jgk gSA

6- jktLo dk uqdlku vkSj xaHkhj vkfFkZd vlarqyu dk fuekZ.k gks jgk gSA

7- izHkqRodkjh ,dkf/kdkjh O;olk; vkSj iwath o lalk/kuksa ds dsUnzhdj.k dksleFkZu djds cgq fgr/kkjh <kaps dks u"V fd;k tk jgk gSA

8- ljdkj }kjk bl elys ij dksbZ igy ;k [kqyh lkoZtfud fopkj foe'kZdks dksbZ izksRlkgu ugha fn;k tk jgk gSA

bl fjiksVZ dk mn~ns'; dqN tehuh lPpkbZ;ksa dks o.kZu djuk vkSj mu xaHkhjfparkvksa dks O;Dr djuk gS ftu ij rRdky /;ku nsus ;k dk;Zokgh djus dht:jr gSA


: 53 :

II. Hkkjr esa lst dh :ijs[kk & ,d fogaxkoyksdu

lst ij miyC/k uohure vkadM+s iznf'kZr djrs gSa lst ds izLrkoksa dks eatwjdjus ds fy, vf/kdr dsUnzh; laLFkk] okf.kT; ea=ky; ds cksMZ us 578 lst dkseatwjh nh gS ftuesa ls 315 vf/klwfpr gq, gSaA

fo'ks"k vkfFkZd {ks= ij vkB fnLkEcj 2008 ds lcls rktk vkadMs+ mlh iSVuZ dhfujarjrk dh vksj b'kkjk djrs gSa tks fd 2005 esa la'kksf/kr lst vf/kfu;e dkvk/kkj cus FksA fnlEcj 2008 ds vkf[kj esa tcjnLr eanh ds lkFk gh igyh ckjgeus daifu;ksa dks lst ls iathdj.k jn~n djokus@xSj&vf/klwfpr djokus dsfy, vkosnu djrs ns[kk gS] vc ns[kuk ;g gS fd bldk 'kq) izHkko D;k gksxkA;fn eanh vYidkfyd gqbZ rks lst fQj ls yksdfiz; gks ldrk gSA rc rd dsfy, mEehn gS fd de ls de vkus okys eghuksa esa u;s {ks=ksa ds vkosnuksa esaBgjko ns[kus dks feysxkA blds ckotwn] fnlEcj 2008 rd dsUnz ljdkj us 19jkT;ksa esa 552 ,lbZtsM dks vkSipkfjd eatwjh nh gS( ftuesa ls 272 vf/klwfpr gq,gSaA ¼vizSy 2009 rd dqy 578 lstksa dks vkSipkfjd eatwjh nh xbZ gS vkSj 330dks vf/klwfpr fd;k x;k gS½

lsDVj vk/kkfjr

lst dk T;knkrj fgLlk lwpuk rduhd ¼vkbZVh½ o mlls tqMs+ m+|ksxksa lslEcaf/kr gSA ekStwnk 181 vf/klwfpr lst vkbZVh dEifu;ksa ds fy, cus gSaA tksfd dqy lstksa dh la[;k esa ls 66 Qhlnh dk izfrfuf/kRo djrs gSaA blds vykok341 vkSipkfjd :i ls Lohdr ,oa 11 lS)kfUrd :i ls Lohdr gq, gSaA blrjg vkSipkfjd :i ls eatwj lstksa esa vkbZVh dk fgLlk vf/klwfpr lstksas dhrqyuk esa dqN gh de gSA ,slk blfy, D;ksafd NksVs vkbZVh lst cM+s cgq mRiknokys lst ds eqdkcys tYnh tehu vf/kxzg.k dj ysrs gSaA eatwjh ds fofHkUupj.kksa esa ,d lkFk yk;s x, fofHkUu fo'ks"k vkfFkZd {ks=ksa esa vkbZVh {ks= dk fgLlkvc Hkh vk/ks ls vf/kd ;kuh 55 Qhlnh gSA cgq mRikn okys nwljs lcls cM+s {ks=dk fgLlk 9 Qhlnh gSA

: 54 :


fnlEcj 2008 esa okf.kT; ea=ky; }kjk tkjh vkadM+ksa ds vuqlkj {ks=okj fgLlkbl izdkj gSa

{ks= fgLlk Qhlnh½

vkbZVh@bysDVªkWfud@gkMZos;j@ lsehdaMDVj 66

baftfu;fjax 5

ck;ksVsd 3

chp ,oa [kfut@/kkrq 1

cgq mRikn 4

isVªksdsfedy ,oa isVªksy 1

QkekZ ,oa dsfedYl 5

VsDlVkbYl@diM+s@Åu 4

vU; 11

lzzksr % okf.kT; ea=ky;] **lst% lsDVj vk/kkfjr forj.k** vkadMs MkVk QkeZ ,oa fnlECkj 2008 esa

miyC/kA

{ks= vk/kkfjr

lst dh vf/klwfpr lwph esa vka/kz izns'k 57 lstksa ds lkFk 'kh"kZ ij gS blds cknrfeyukMq esa 44] egkjk"Vª esa 43 lst gSaA egkjk"Vª esa lcls vf/kd lstvf/klwfpr gksus dh izrh{kk esa gSa] tgka 104 vkSipkfjd :i ls vkSj 34 lS)kafrd:i ls eatwj gks pqds gSaA tcfd blds eqdkcys vka/kz izns'k esa 99 vkSipkfjd :ils vkSj 2 lS)kafrd :i ls eatwj gks pqds gSa ,oa rfeyukMq esa 66 vkSipkfjd :ils vkSj 18 lS)kafrd :i ls eatwj gks pqds gSaA bl rjg ns'k ds dqy lstksa esals djhc vk/ks bu rhu jkT;ksa esa gSaA vc rd vf/klwfpr gq, 274 lstksa esa ls 144dk fgLlk dkQh vge gSA

;fn izR;sd jkT; esa lst ds LFkku ij fopkj djsa rks lst dk foLRkkj vf/kdvlarqfyr Hkh utj vkrk gSA vka/kz izns'k esa vkSipkfjd rkSj ij Lohdr 99 esa ls48 rks gSnjkckn ds vklikl gSa] tcfd blh rjg rfeyukMq esa Hkh vkSipkfjd:i ls Lohdr 66 esa ls 34 psUubZ ds vkl ikl gSaA bl rjg lst dh eq[;


: 55 :

la[;k dks vkbZVh {ks= esa vkSj eq[;r% if'peh ;k nf{k.kh {ks= esa gksuk oxhZdrfd;k tk ldrk gSA yxHkx gjsd jkT;ksa us vius bykds esa ,d&nks lst dhLFkkiuk ds fy, iz;kl fd;k gS] ;gka rd fd nknjk ,oa ukxj gosyh esa 4 ,oaikafMpsjh esa 1 lst gSaSA

Hkwfe dh vko';drk

53 cgqm|ksxh lst lS}kafrd rkSj ij eatwjh ds pj.k esa gSa] tks tYn ghvkSipkfjd :i ls vf/klwfpr gks ldrs gSaA ;s ,sls {ks= gSa tgka okLro esa cMsiSekus ij Hkwfe dh vko';drk gS vkSj os foLFkkiu ds eqn~ns ij fooknkLin gkspqds gSaA gky gh esa] vkSj tks foLFkkiu okyk Vdjko dk eqnnk cusxkA gky ghesa 5]000 gsDVsvj ls vf/kd cM+s lst ij jksd yxkus okys fu;e dks gVk fn;kx;k gS ftlus vnkuh lewg dks 3 lst {ks=ksa ¼4498] 2658] 2648 gsDVsvj½ dks,d lkFk feykus ds fy, vkosnu djus dk ekSdk fn;k gSA bl lewg us xqtjkresa eqanzk esa Hkwfe lhfyax ls cpus ds fy, ,d ds ckn ,d rhu lst dk fuekZ.kfd;k gSA

lcls cM+k fo'ks"k vkfFkZd {ks= *lS}kafrd* Js.kh esa vkdkj¼gsDVsvj½

Mh,y,Q ;wfuolZy ]xqMxkao ]gfj;k.kk & cgq mRikn 8]097

vksesDl fyfeVsM] vyoj] jktLFkku vkjts cgq mRikn 6]070

Mh ,l daLVªD'ku fyfeVsM] iyoy ] gfj;k.kk & cgq mRikn 5]000

fLdy baÝkLVªDpj fyfeVsM] uanhxqMh gkscyh] dukZVd& cgq mRikn 5]000

fjyk;al gfj;k.kk lst fyfeVsM] >Ttj] gfj;k.kk & cgq mRikn 5]000

eaqcbZ lst fyfeVsM xqtjkr iksfl=k iksVZ baÝkLVªDpjy fyfeVsM &cgqmRikn 5]000

U;w dksydkrk baVjus'kuy MsoysiesaV esnuhiqj] if'pe caxky & cgq mRikn

jkbVlZ ,aM ifCy'klZ fyfeVsM ] bankSj ] e/;izns'k & cgq mRikn 4]050

luflVh gfj;k.kk lst MsosyilZ izkbosV fyfeVsM] vackyk] gfj;k.kk&cgq mRikn 3]237

fLdy baÝkLVªDpj fyfeVsM] fgekpy izns'k ,;jiksVZ csLM cgq mRikn lst 3]230

jhokt iksVZ fyfeVsM jhokt+] jk;x<+] egkjk"Vª & cgq mRikn 2]850

ohfM;ksdku jh;YVh ,aM baÝkLVªDpj ] vkSjaxkkckn ] egkjk"Vª & cgq mRikn 2]763

bafM;kcqYl baÝkLVªDpj MsosyiesaV jk;x<+] egkjk"Vª & cgq mRikn 2]429

: 56 :


lcls cM+sa lstksa ds ekeys esa xqtjkr esa eqanzk ds vykok tks lst lapkfyr gks jgsgSa muesa fo'kk[kkiVue esa ,ihvkbZvkbZlh 2]206 gsDVsvj vkSj dkdhukMk lst1]035 gsDVsvj ds nksuksa gh vka/kz izns'k esa gSa vkSj egkjk"Vª ds uoh eqEcbZ esa 1]223gsDVsvj ds lst gSaA

vc rd tks lst vf/klwfpr gq, gSa muds fy, vkf/kdkfjd rkSj ij 30]122gsDVsvj Hkwfe pkfg,A ysfdu cgqr ls fo'kky cgqmRikn lst tks lS}kafrd rkSjij eatwj gq, Js.kh esa gSa muds fy, dqy 1-22 yk[k gsDVsvj tehu pkfg,]vFkkZr gjsd lst ds fy, vkSlru 869 gsDVsvj tehu pkfg,A vka/kz izns'k esa7]400 gsDVsvj Hkwfe lst ds fy, gLrkarfjr fd;k x;k gS tks fd xqtjkr esa9]997 gsDVsvj tehu gLrkarj.k ds eqdkcys de gSA gkykafd vka/kz izns'k esa 56lst ds eqdkcys xqtjkr esa dsoy 21 lst gSaA xqtjkr us Li"V rkSj ij fo'kkycgq mRikn fo'ks"k vkfFkZd {ks=ksa dsk izkFkfedrk nh gS tcfd ns'k ds vU; jkT;ksaaus eq[; rkSj ij vkbZVh {ks= dks izkFkfedrk nh gSA egkjk"Vª vkSj rfeyukMq esadkQh la[;k esa lst gSa ysfdu ogka Øe'k% 5]018 gsDVsvj ,oa 2]307 gsDVsvjtehu gh buds fy, gLrkarfjr gqvk gSA buls ladsr feyrk gS fd eq[;r% ;svkbZVh {ks= ds fy, vf/klwfpr fd;s x;s gSaA


: 57 :

III. fopkj.kh; eqnns

1- lalk/kuksa ,oa vkthfodk ls csn[kyh ds eqn~ns

cMs iSekus ij Hkwfe dh vko';drk vkSj Hkwfe ij tcju dCtk

lst fuekZ.k ds ekeys esa Hkkjr esa ekax ds vk/kkj ij lst fuekZ.k dh vo/kkj.kkdqN [kkl gS( vFkkZr lst dk LFkku] vkdkj ,oa LoHkko Li"V :i ls jkT; dhvkfFkZd uhfr;ksa ds vk/kkj ij fu/kkZfjr ugha gksrk gS cfYd futh iwath dh ekaxds vk/kkj ij r; gksrk gSA blds vykok ,sls {ks= LFkkfir djus ds fy, ,dek='krZ gksrh gS i;kZIr tehu ij dCtk gksuk ;k dCtk djus dh pkgr gksukA bllsfuf'pr rkSj ij ;g lksp curh gS fd fdlkuksa] tehu ds ekfydksa vkSj tehuij vk/kkfjr leqnk;ksa dk fojks/k c<+sxkA

15 twu 2007 dks okf.kT; ea=ky; o bthvks,e ds ;g funsZ'k fd izkbosV lstds fy, tcju fdlh dh Hkwfe ij dCtk ugha fd;k tk,xk] blds ckotwnyxHkx lHkh jkT; lst ds fuekZ.k ds fy, tehu ij dCts ds fy, Hkwfevf/kxzg.k ,DV 1894 dk iz;ksx dj jgh gSa vkSj oks Hkh iquZokl ds fy, dksbZizko/kku ds cxSj ghA vka/kz izns'k vkSj rfeyukMq tSls dqN jkT; rks Hkwfevf/kxzg.k vf/kfu;e dh dh vkikr /kkjk 17@4 dk bLrseky djrs gq, vfuok;Z:i ls tehu dk vf/kxzg.k dj jgh gSaA egkjk"Vª tSls jkT; esa dkykZ ¼efgUnzk,aM efgUnzk lst½] jk;x<+ ¼fjyk;al lst½] ukfld ¼bafM;kcqYl lst½] ukxiqj¼fegku lst½ tSlh ifj;kstukvksa esaa Hkwfe vf/kxzg.k dh /kkjk 4 ,oa 6 ds varxZrtkjh uksfVl lkoZtfud :i ls tkudkjh esa vkus ds ckn jkT; lefFkZr Hkwfevf/kxzg.k esa :dkoV vk xbZ gSA gkaykfd Hkwfe vf/kxzg.k uksfVl dks vHkh Hkhokil fy;k tkuk ckdh gSA okLro esa] if'pe caxky ds uanhxzke vkSj iatkc esaverlj ds vykok dgha Hkh uksfVl okil ugha fy;k x;k gSA ;gka rd fdmPpre U;k;ky; us jk;x< ds fjyk;al lst ds Hkwfe vf/kxzg.k ds ekeys esajksd dks [kkfjt dj fn;k gS] tcfd okf.kT; ea=ky; dks vHkh Hkh viuhLohdfr dsk jnn djuk ckdh gSA okf.kT; ea=ky; yxkrkj lst ds fy,

: 58 :


dEifu;ksa dsk foLrkj ns jgk gS rkfd os ;gka rd fd vko';d Hkwfe ds NksVsfgLls dks [kjhnus dh O;oLFkk dj ldsaA

crk;k tkrk gS fd lst ds fy, gLrkarfjr Hkwfe esa ls vf/kdka'k igys ls ghjkT; vkS|ksfxd fodkl fuxe ds ikl ekStwn gSA bl lPpkbZ dks Li"V djusdh t:jr gS fd dbZ ekeyksa esa vkS|ksfxd fodkl fuxe }kjk vf/kxzfgr tehuksadks lst ds fy, gLrkarfjr fd;k tk jgk gS ftlds fy, Hkwfe vf/kxzg.kvf/kfu;e dk iz;ksx fd;k x;k gSA ;g fcØh LokHkkfod rkSj ij fdlkuksa ls[kjhns gq, ewY; ls vf/kd nkeksa esa csph xbZ vkSj ftlus u;s rjg ds rekelokyksa dks iSnk fd;k gS vkSj tehu ds csgrj eqvkots ds fy, dbZ dkuwuhyMkbZ;ka tehu ds vlyh ekfydksa }kjk yM+h tk jgh gSaA D;k vkS|ksfxd fodklfuxe dh Hkwfedk jh;y LVsV fodkldrkZvksa ds nyky dh gS ;k vkS|ksfxdizksRlkgu dh\

cktkj ewY; ij eqvkots dk loky ;gka rd fd Hkwfe ekfydksa ds fy, csekuhgS D;ksafd ;g iSekuk iwjh rjg futh [kjhnkjksa o ljdkjh vkS|ksfxd dkjiksjs'kuksads i{k esa jgrk gS] tks fd dher r; djus okys tkudkjh ;qDr eksyHkko drkZgSaA

blds ckotwn u rks lkjs jkT;ks dh vkbZMhlh ds ikl igys ls miyC/k Hkwfe FkhvkSj u os dhersa Fkha] ftl ij lst dh eatwfj;ka nh xbZ FkhaA blls ;g lkQ gkstkrk gS fd vkbZMhlh dh Hkwfe i;kZIr ugha gksaxhA ftldk urhtk gS fdvkbZMhlh us Hkh lst dks gaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaLrkarfjr djus ads fy, u;s Hkwfe vf/kxzg.k 'kq: djfn, gSaA

fcuk eqvkots ds foLFkkfir Hkwfeghu o [ksfrgj etnwj

Hkkjr esa yxHkx 80 Qhlnh [ksfrgj vkcknh ds ikl [ksrh ;ksX; tehu dk dsoy17 Qhlnh gS tks fd mUgsa yxHkx Hkwfeghu etnwj cukrk gSA os tehu ftudhgSa muds ctk; dkQh T;knk ifjokj ,oa leqnk; tehu ds ,d VqdM+s ij ¼dke


: 59 :

vkSj pjkbZ ds fy,½ vkfJr gSA tcfd eqvkots dh ckr flQZ muds fy, dh tkjgh gS tks fd tehuksa ds ekfyd gSaA ysfdu muds fy, dksbZ ;kstuk ugha cuhgS ftuds ikl tehu ugha gSA

xqtjkr tSls jkT; esa cM+s iSekus ij oks tehusa lst ds fy, gLrkarfjr dh xbZtks lkewfgd ;k xkSpj Hkwfe dh Js.kh esa vkrh gSa ¼mUgsa xyr rjhds ls catj Hkwfecrk;k x;k½A bu tehuksa dk cMk fgLlk rVh; o lw[ks {ks= esa gSa vkSj eNqvkjkvkSj pjokgk leqnk; ds yksx viuh nSfud vkthfodk ds fy, bu tehuksa ijvkfJr gSA pwafd ;s tehu lkewfgd Hkwfe gSa ftldk dksbZ ,d ekfyd ugha gS]blfy, mUgsa leqnk;ksa ;k iapk;rksa ls iwNs cxSj gh gLrkarfjr dj fn;k tkrkgSaA rfeyukMq esa eafnj ;k iapkeh Hkwfe vkSj vka/kz izns'k esa oDQ cksMZ dh tehuvkfn vU; ,sls mnkgj.k gSa] tgka lkoZtfud tehuksa dks lst ds fy, vkSjfuthdj.k dj fn;k x;kA

lst ds fy, lcls T;knk fgald <ax ls Hkwfe vf/kxzg.k ;k dCts vka/kz izns'k esagks jgs gSa tgka tehu vf/kxzg.k ds :i esa lcls T;knk la[;k esa lst Lohdrgq, gSa vkSj ;gka nfyrksa o vuqlwfpr tkfr;ksa dks vkaofVr dh xbZ tehu dkvf/kxzg.k fd;k x;kA iksfyiYyh] dkdhukMk] fpÙkwj vkSj vuariqj esa ;gfcydqy lkQ rkSj ij fn[kkbZ fn;k tgka lst dk izLrko gSA ;s oks dkjukes gSatks Hkkjrh; lafo/kku dh mu Hkkoukvksa ds f[kykQ gSa] ftuds rgr lafo/kku dh/kkjk 21 ds rgr gjds ukxfjd dks thou o thou;kiu ds vf/kdkj dh xkjaVhnsrk gSA

[ksrh vk/kkfjr ,oa xzkeh.k vFkZO;oLFkk dh rckgh

LFkkuh; [ksrh] eNyh ikyu o vU; ikajifjd vkthfodk dh {kfr ds dkj.k cMsiSekus ij foLFkkiu [kk| o vkthfodk dh vlqj{kk tSls loky xaHkhj fpark dsfo"k; gSaA lst ds fy, vf/kxzfgr fd;s tk jgs tehu dk cM+k fgLlk mitkÅ[ksrh ;ksX; tehu gSa] [kkldj cgqmRikn {ks=ksa ds ekeys esa ,slk gSA df"koSKkfudksa dk vkdyu gS fd viuh vkthfodk ds fy, bu [ksrksa ij fuHkZj djhc

: 60 :


1-14 yk[k [ksfrgj ifjokj ¼gjsd ifjokj esa vkSlru 5 lnL; gSa½ vkSj djhc82]000 [ksfrgj etnwjksa ds ifjokj foLFkkfir gksaxsA bl rjg [ksfrgj ,oa[ksfrgj etnwj ifjokjksa dks lkykuk djhc 212 djksM+ #i;s vkenuh dkuqdlku gksxkA ;s vuqeku lst dks eatwjh eatwjh dh 'kq:vkrh o"kZ lu 2006 dsgS] tks fd vc c<+dj frxquk gks pqdk gSA blds vykok] lst izHkkfor xkaoksa esaf'kYidkjksa] nLrkdjksa ij fuHkZj ifjokjksa ;k vU; NksVs O;kolkf;;ksa dh lg;ksxhvthfodkvksa ds u"V gksus ds ckjs esa 'kk;n dksbZ vkdyu ugha fd;k x;k gSA

xqtjkr] egkjk"Vª] rfeyukMq] o vka/kzizns'k tSls jkT;ksa esa rVh; fo'ks"k vkfFkZd{ks=ksa dks eNqvkjksa dh vksj ls xaHkhj izfrjks/k dk lkeuk djuk iMk gS D;ksafdmuds leqnz esa tkus ij jksd yxk nh xbZ gSA [kkl rkSj ij iksVZ vk/kkfjr fo'ks"kvkfFkZd {ks= ds dkj.k ued cukus okys etnwj o mlls tqMs leqnk; ds lnL;blls izHkkfor gq, gSaA

etnwj laj{k.k dkuwu dks fuf"Ø; djds 'kks"k.kdkjh jkstxkj ds volj vkSjdk;ZfLFkfr rS;kj djuk

Hkkjr vkSj phu esa ekStwnk fo'ks"k vkfFkZd {ks=ksa esa etnwjksa dh n;uh; gkyrksa lsgj dskbZ tkudkj gSA lst dks ?kksf"kr djus dk vf/kdkj fodkl vk;qDr ds iklgksrk gS D;ksafd vkS|ksfxd fookn ,DV ds rgr ,d ^^tuksi;ksxh lsok** dkeryc gS fd lst {ks= esa dkexkjksa dks gM+rky djus dk vf/kdkj ugha gksxkvkSj ;gka rd fd mUgsa csgrj osru ;k dke ds ekgkSy ds fy, ;wfu;u cukusvkSj lkewfgd :i ls bdV~Bk gksus dk vf/kdkj ugha gksxkA lst uhfr esa ljdkjjkT; Je vk;ksx ds lkjs vf/kdkj lst ds fodkl dfe'uj dks gLrkarfjr djnsrh gSA egkjk"Vª esa vkS|ksfxd o LokLF; lqj{kk funs'kky; fcuk fodkldfe'uj dh vuqefr ds lst esa fujh{k.k ugha dj ldrk gSA vka/kzizns'k U;wureetnwjh esa fj;k;r iznku dj jgh gS vkSj 365 fnu dke djus dh btktr nsjgh gS vkSj ;gka rd fd pkSchlksa ?kaVs dke djus dh btktr ns jgh gSA uks,Mkesa bihtsM ds etnwjksa }kjk Je dkuwuksa dks ykxw djus dh ekax djus ij mUgsaukSdjh ls fudky fn;k x;kA


: 61 :

2- vkfFkZd izHkko

vuko';d VSDl NwV ds dkj.k jktLo dk uqdlku

foÙk ea=ky; us ,d v/;;u djk;k gS] vkSj v/;;u ds vkadM+s crkrs gSa fd lu2004&05 ls 2009&10 rd dh vof/k esa lst dks VSDl esa NwV fn;s tkus dsdkj.k lkykuk 1]75]487 djksM+ #i;s jktLo uqdlku dk vuqeku gSA ;g jdelu 2005&06 ds nkSjku Hkkjr ljdkj }kjk izkIr jktLo ds 6&7 Qhlnh dsdjhc gSA mijksDr fyf[kr VSDl jktLo jk"Vªh; xzkeh.k jkstxkj ;kstuk ¼ujsxk½ds fy, lkykuk vkcafVr gksus okys jde dk pkj xquk gS] ftlls gj lky 5djksM+ Hkw[ks ifjokjksa dks izfrfnu Hkkstu djk;k tk ldrk gSA lst dh eatwjhcgqr NksVs gksrs gSa] vkSj ;g ?kksf"kr djus tSlk gS fd ns'k dh gjsd cM+h QSDVjh,d lst gSA ;fn ,slk gksrk gS rks ;g ,d vfoLej.kh; VSDl ?kksVkyk gksxkAfoÙk ea=ky; ftlus lst lfgr 4]10]451 daifu;ksa dh VSDl Qkbyksa dks bdVBkfd;k gS vkSj mlus ik;k fd Rofjr ewY; gzkl lfgr dqN NwV ds en esa ljdkjds jktLo esa mNky vk;k gS] tks fd 2006&07 esa 73]96 djksM+ #i;s ls c<+dj2007&08 esa 12]946 djksM+ #i;s gks x;k vkSj 2008&09 esa 14]244 djksM+ #i;sgks x;kA http://www.hindustantimes.com/News/business/39-tax-exemp-tions-costgovt-

Rs-68-914-crore-in-revenue-foregone/Article1-446258.aspx)

Hkkjr ds fu;a=d ,oa egkys[kk ijh{kd ¼lh,th½ us ns'k Hkj ds 370 lstbdkbZ;ksa ds fy, ;g tkuus ds fy, ys[kk ijh{k.k fd;k fd lcus fu/kkZfjrvf/kfu;eksa] fu;eksa] vf/klwpukvksa vkfn dk ikyu fd;k gS ;k ughaA lh,th }kjkvizR;{k dj ys[kk ds fy, rS;kj fd;s x;s fjiksVZ dks 11 ekpZ 2008 dks lalnesa is'k fd;k x;kA leh{kk esa O;ofLFkr vkSj vuqikyu dh dfe;ksa dks 'kkfeyfd;k x;k ftldh otg ls 246-72 djksM+ #i;s jktLo uqdlku gqvkA bldsvykok lh,th us mu izko/kkuksa ij Hkh izdk'k Mkyk ftlds otg ls jktLo esa1724-67 djksM+ #i;s dh viwj.kh; {kfr gqbZA

: 62 :


vfrfjDr ?kkVk jkT; Lrjh; fj;k;rksa ds tfj, Hkh gqvkA bu le>kSrksa dhjgL;e; LoHkko dk eryc gS fd lh,th vkSj vU; }kjk jktLo ds ?kkVs dkvuqeku yxkus ds ckotwn Hkh bl ij /;ku ugha fn;k x;kA urhtk ;g gS fddsUnz ljdkj Lo;a lst ;kstukvksa ds iwjs vlj ds ckjs esa ugha tkurh gS tksbldsk izksRlkfgr dj jgh gSA

{ks=h; o vkapfyd vlarqyu

;fn ge Lohdr lst ds rgr Hkwfe ds forj.k ij utj Mkysa rks ge ikrs gSa fd70 Qhlnh tehu e/; vkSj fo'kky vkdkj ds 25 ls 30 Qhlnh cgq mRikn okystksu MsosyilZ ds gkFk esa fleVs gq, gSaA cps g, tks NksVs lst gSa os T;knkrjvkbZVh lsDVj ds gSaA vf/kdka'k fo'ks"k vkfFkZd {ks= 'kgj ,oa vklikl ds {ks=ksaesa vkSj 'kh"kZ 5 jkT;ksa ds vU; <kapkxr fodflr dsUnzksa esa fLFkr gSaa] tks fd igysls gh vkS|ksfxd #i ls izxfr'khy ekus tkrs gSaA bl rjg ;g ljdkj }kjk^fiNM+s bykdksa* esa lst yxkus ds ?kksf"kr mn~ns';ksa dh fojks/kkHkklh gSA

blds vykok ;fn ge vkbZVh lsDVj dh Lohdfr;ksa ij utj Mkysa rks ik,axs fd;s jgstk] ;wfuVsd] Mh,y,Q] ik'oZukFk] ,Eekj vkSj bl rjg dh dbZ vU;jh;y LVsV dEifu;ka gkoh gSaA bu dEifu;ksa us vius lgk;d dEifu;ksa ds ukeij lhfyax dkuwu dks rksM+us dk viuk ;g vyx rjhdk fudkyk gsSA ,dlekpkj fjiksVZ ds vuwlkj ] Mh,y,Q ¼,d cM+k lst MsosyilZ½ us 68 lgk;dcuk fn;s gSa vkSj gj lgk;d ds vius lgk;d gSaA ,d vU; <kapkxrfodkl'khy dEiuh ,Eekj ds ikl 350 lgk;d gSaA lalnh; LFkk;h lfefr usviuh 83oha fjiksVZ ^lst ds fØ;kdyki* esa Hkh mu bykdksa esa jh;y LVsV dsc<rs lV~Vsckth ij fpark trkbZ gS tgka lst cu jgs gSaA dsoy 35 ls 50Qhlnh izfØ;kxr {ks= ds vykok iwjs dks gkmflax o euksjatu ds fy, NksMfn;k tkrk gS vkSj ftlds dkj.k jh;y LVsV dEifu;ak lst ij gkoh gks jghagSaA bl rF; dh vksj lalnh; LFkk;h lfefr }kjk is'k fjiksVZ esa Hkh tksj fn;kx;k ¼ns[ksa lsD'ku 5½A ;g Hkh fd ckgjh {ks= es lst dh T;knk bdkbZ;ka ,dizfr;ksxh vFkZO;oLFkk ds ewy ekinaM dks detksj djrk gS vkSj T;knk vlarqyuiSnk djrk gSA


: 63 :

fu/kkZfjr y{; vc Hkh iwjs ugha\

okf.kT; ea=ky; ds lfpo us ;g Lohdkj fd;k gS fd Lohdr gq, fo'ks"k vkfFkZd{ks=ksa esa ls 40 Qhlnh dk fuekZ.k gks ugha gks ik;k gS ¼lst ij isuksl dYio{kehfM;k laokn & fnlECkj 2008½A blds vykok lk<s rhu yk[k yksxksa dksukSdfj;ka vkSj 90]000 djksM dk fuos'k gksus ds ekeys esa lst dh izekf.kdrk o{kerk ij loky mB jgs gSa D;ksafd bUgsa foLrr o Lora= ewY;kadu ds }kjkLFkkfir fd;k tkuk gSA vc ekStwnk vkfFkZd eanh us nqfu;k Hkj esa vkSj ns'k esavkbZVh] jh;y LVsV]vkSj fu;kZr {ks= ij lcls T;knk PkksV dh gSA okf.kT;ea=ky; us LOk;a Lohdkj fd;k gS fd fiNys N% eghuksa esa dsoy lst esa gh50]000 ukSdfj;ka [kREk gqbZ gSaA vkSj dbZ MsosyilZ vius lst dks vukvf/klwfprdjus ;k izkIr Lohdfr;ksa dks jnn djokus ds fy, drkj esa [kM+s gSaA

lkFk gh lst esa Bsdk etnwj dh gkyr lcls T;knk n;uh; gSA ekStwnk lst esaetnwjh U;wure ls Hkh de gSA lsu vkSj nklxqIrk us ebZ 2007 ds vius losZ{k.kesa ik;k fd uks,Mk esa lst odZj dks 9 ?kaVs dke ds fy, 80 : jkstkuk fey jgkgSA if'pe caxky esa QkYVk esa Hkh bruk gh fey jgk gSA ¼ns[ksa% http://

www.mainstreamweekly.net/article8.html½

Hkkjrh; uhfr esa tksu ds varxZr xfrfof/k ij cgqr gh de fofu;e gSA fu;kZrvk/kkfjr nkos ds gksrs gq, Hkh lst bdkbZ;ksa ij vyx ls ^ldkjkREkd 'kq} fons'khfofue; larqyu* ykxw djus dh t:jr gSA rc Hkh ;g tksu ds vkS|ksfxd bdkbZ;ksaij ykxw gksrk gSA ;fn lst dk y{; okLro esa fu;kZRk gS rks lst bdkbZ;ksa ijek= ^ldkjkREkd 'kq} fons'kh fofue; larqyu* /kkjk ykxw djus ds ctk; T;knk dM+h /kkjkdks lexzrk ls ykxw djus dh t:jr gSA fu;kZr vk/kkfjr bdkbZ;ksa dh vko';drk,aT;knk l[r Fkha vkSj fu/kkZfjr mn~ns';ksa ds foijhr vkdyu fd;k x;k rksbdkbZ;ksa us csgrj izn'kZu fd;k gSA lkFk gh ;g ftØ djuk t:jh gS fdoSf'od vFkZO;oLFkk dh egkeanh esa lst dss izksRlkgu ds fy, vPNk le; ughagS] tks fd fldqM+rk gqvk vkSj lajf{kr fu;kZr cktkj iSnk djsxkA lkFk gh ;gfuf'pr ugha gS fd mu MsosyilZ dk D;k gksxk ftuds lst fu;kZRk vko';drkvksa

: 64 :


dks iwjk ugha dj ik,axsA Bhd mlh izdkj ;g fuf'pr ugha gS fd vukf/klwfprds fy, D;k izfØ;k gS\ eanh vkSj Mh,y,Q tSls lst MsosyilZ }kjkvukf/klwfpr djus ds fy, dh xbZ ekax bldh vlfy;r dks mtkxj dj jghgSA ,sls ekeyksa esa tehu dk D;k gksrk gS\ D;k ;g fdlkuksa dks okil ykSVk nhtk,xh\ ;fn ,slk gS rks dSls\

3- iz'kklu o yksdrkaf=d izfØ;kvksa ij izHkko

fons'kh bUdyso ds cuus ls iz'kkldh; O;oLFkk dk vkSj [kklrkSj ij LFkkuh;Loljdkjksa dk /oLr gksuk

lst vf/kfu;e dsUnz ,oa ukSdj'kkgh dks vuqPNsn 9] 11] 12 ,oa 31 ds rgrvf/kdkj ¼Lohdfr cksMZ o fodkl dfe'uj vkSj lst vFkkWjVh dk xBu djds½nsrh gS] ftudh tokcnsgh fuf'pr ugha gSA ;g rF; fd lst ds i;kZoj.k o Jelaca/kh Li"Vhdj.k] lqj{kk bartke] o lk/ku laca/kh vius fu;e o vf/kdkj gksaxs]ftldk eryc gS fd ;gka ekStwnk lafo/kku iznÙk vf/kdkjksa dks ykxw djukdfBu gksxkA lst ds fy, vyx U;k;ky; cukuk ekStwnk U;kf;d O;oLFkk dketkd mM+krk gSA bl ckjs esa dksbZ Li"Vrk ugha gS fd 73osa o 74osa la'kks/ku dsrgr pquko dSls fd;k tk,xk vkSj xzkelHkk ;k E;qfuflisfYkVh ds iz'kkldh;vf/kdkjksa dk D;k gksxk\

Lohdfr cksMZ }kjk lst izLrkoks ds p;u] lq/kkjksa o [kkfjt djus ds lEca/k esarS;kj fn'kkfunsZ'kksa esa dksbZ ikjnf'kZrk ugha gSA df"k] Je vkSj i;kZoj.k tSlsizeq[k ea=ky;ksa dh Hkwfedk o izLrqfr;ksa dks utjvankt fd;k x;kA iz'kklfudiqulqZ/kkj desVh ds ps;jeSu Jh ohjIik eksbyh dh lst ij fjiksVZ dk dguk gSfd] ^^gesa mn~ns';ijd ,oa larqfyr fopkjksa okys yksxksa dks 'kkfey djrs gq,Lohdfr cksMZ dks fQj ls xfBr djus dh t:jr gSA**

okf.kT; ea=ky; us nwljs ns'kksa ds lkFk lst lEca/kh v/;;u@rqyuk djus dhlkoZtfud ?kks"k.kk dh gSA bl ekeys esa Jh dfr lksek;k us vkjVhvkbZ nkf[ky


: 65 :

dh gS vkSj tokc esa ;g ekywe gqvk fd & ^^Jhyadk vkSj ckaaXykns'k tSls iMkslhns'kska ds ckjs esa fu;kZRk v/;;u gqvk gSA dksbZ Hkh nwljk oSKkfud fo'ys"k.k ;k v/;;u ekStwn ugha gSA**

tu ijke'kZ ;k lkekU; tqMko ds fy, dksbZ LFkku ugha

lst dkuwu dks fcuk yksxksa ds chp cgl pyk, tYnh esa ikl dj fn;k x;kAea=ky; }kjk lst dkuwu ij dksbZ Hkh tu ijke'kZ] Hkkxhnkjh vkSj vke cgl ughadjokbZ xbZA Hkkjrh; yksdra= ds nksuksa lnuksa us bl fcy dks ,d&,d fnu esa¼10 o 11 ebZ 2005½ dks ikfjr dj fn;k ftlesa dksbZ cgl ugha djkbZ xbZ vkSjcgqr ls mBs lokyksa dks utjvankt dj fn;k x;kA

blds vykok] vkjVhvkbZ dkuwu 2005 ds rgr tc okf.kT; ea=ky; ls LohdrizksTksDVksa ds ckjs esa tkudkjh ekaxh xbZ rks mlus ^O;kikj dh xksiuh;rk** ds ukeij tkudkjh nsus ls euk dj fn;kA ;g bl ckr ds ckotwn fd;k x;k fdcgqr ls ,sls izkstsDVksa us cM+s iSekus ij cgqr cMh la[;k esa yksxksa dks mudhvkthfodk ls oafpr fd;k gS blfy, mu yksxksa ds ckjs esa lkoZtfud fgr dsrgr lwpuk miyC/k djk;k tkuk pkfg,A rfeyukMq esa ,d 'kks/kkFkhZ&dk;ZdrkZdks cgqr vf/kd loky iwNus ij rfeyukMqq m|ksx izkf/kdj.k }kjk nks"kh Bgjk;kx;k ftldk eqdnek vHkh Hkh enzkl gkbZ dksVZ esa ¼dsl ua&2007 dk MCY;w-ih-33936½ py jgk gSA lu 2006 esa ,d ckj mijksDr vkosnu Lohdkj Hkh gqvk ijmldh vihy izfØ;k yEch Fkh gqbZ vkSj rfeyukMq lwpuk deh'ku ds le{kreke lquokb;ksa ds ckn 2007 ds var esa tkdj izLrqr gqbZA var esa dfe'uj usvkosnu dks vuqefr nsus dks pquk vkSj m|ksx foHkkx es ikjnf'kZrk ds vHkko ijdqN dMh fVIif.k;ka Hkh dhA

4- i;kZoj.k lECak/kh eqnns

lst ls tehu] gok o ikuh tSls izkdfrd lk/kuksa dk nksgu gksuk gS vkSj fu;a=.kfd;k tkuk gS vkSj ftudk bLrseky lst ds i;kZoj.kh; vljksa ls lh/kk tqM+k

: 66 :


gqvk gSA vkS|ksfxd mnns'; ds fy, fdlh Hkh {ks= ds Hkwfe mi;ksx esa cnykoml {ks= ds i;kZoj.kh; LokLF; o larqyu ij vfuok;Z vlj Mkyrk gSA tcfdfoMEcuk ;g gS fd lst dks fdlh lkekU; izkstsDV dh rjg gh i;kZoj.kh;eatwjh nh tk jgh gS] ftlesa Hkkoh fodkl ds i;kZoj.kh; vljksa ls lEcaf/krv/;;u ds ckjs esa dksbZ ftØ ugha gksrk gSA phu ds lst ds mnkgj.kksa ls ladsrfeyrk gS fd buls dkQh i;kZoj.kh; vlj iM+rs gSaA

Hkkjr igys ls gh ikuh ladV ds lkFk lkFk taxykss dh deh o tSofofo/krk dsladV ls xqtj jgk gSA dgus dk rkRi;Z ;g fd vkfFkZd fodkl ds ekStwnk <kapsls taxyksa o vU; lkekU; Hkwfe dk [kkRek gksxk( ty lalk/kuksa dk cM+s Lrj ijnksgu gksxk( rVh; Hkwfe dk fouk'k gksxk( gok vkSj ikuh ds iznw"k.k ds lkFk&lkFkbZ&dpjk Hkh fudysxkA tcfd bu lcdh x.kuk ugha dh tk jgh gSA

vxj bvkbZ, vf/klwpuk ds varxZr fn;s tkus okys i;kZoj.kh; eatwjh ls lstfo/ks;dksa dh rqyuk djsa rks mlesa dkQh vLi"Vrk vkSj fojks/kHkkl utj vkrhgSA bl lUnHkZ esa] fuEufyf[kr fcUnqvksa ij fopkj djuk egRoiw.kZ gSA lst dhbdkbZ;ksa dks i;kZoj.kh; eatwjh dh tulquokbZ ls NwV nsrs le; lst dkstulquokbZ dh t:jr gksrh gSA tcfd] eqanzk lst tSls ekeyksa esa i;kZokj.kea=ky; us flQkfj'k dh gS fd cgqmRikn lst ds fuekZ.k esa tulquokbZ dh NwVnh tk,A

Lohdfr ds 'krksZa ds ikyu dh fuxjkuh dk eqn~nk Hkh dkQh fpark dk fo"k; gSD;ksafd lHkh vf/kdkj MsoysiesaV dfe'uj ds gkFk esa dsfUnzr gSA lst esa fdlhckgjh ds izos'k ij jksd gS vkSj muesa flQZ vf/kdr O;fDr ds izos'k dkizko/kku gS] blfy, fdlh Hkh Lora= 'kks/kdrkZ }kjk dksbZ i;kZoj.k izHkkovkdyu ;k v/;;u ds fy, ifjlj esa izos'k djuk eqf'dy gSA


: 67 :

IV. lh,th }kjk mBk, x, eqnns

Hkkjr ds fu;a=d ,oa egkys[kk ijh{kd ¼lh,th½ us 2007 ds vkWfMV fjiksZZV esajs[kkafdr fd;k gS fd dqN ekStwnk fo'ks"k vkfFkZd {ks= ,d O;oLFkk ds rgr dk;Zdj jgs gSa ftlus ljdkj dks jkTkLo esa NwV nsus ds fy, izksRlkfgr fd;k gSA 11ekpZ 2008 dks laln esa is'k fd;s x;s lh,th fjiksVZ esa 370 lst bdkbZ;ksa dksbl lhfer y{; ds rgr tkap ds varxZr yk;k x;k rkfd irk yxk;k tk ldsfd mUgksaus ekStwnk ikjaifjd vf/kfu;e] fu;eksa] vf/klwpukvksa vkfn dk ikyufd;k gS fd ugha! leh{kk ls os iz.kkyhxr vkSj vuqikyu dh detksfj;ka lekusvk;ha ftlls jktLo esa 246-72 djksM+ #i;s dk uqdlku gqvkA blds vykoklh,th us mu mi;ksxh izko/kkuksa dh xSjekStwnxh dh vksj Hkh izdk'k Mkykftuds dkj.k jktLo esa 1724-67 djksM+ dh viwj.kh; {kfr gqbZA ljdkj }kjklst dks nh xbZ 'kqYd esa NwV ls 2000&01 ls ysdj 2005&06 dh vof/k dsnkSjku 8]842 djksM+ #i;s FkhA o"kZ 2006&07 ds fy, 'kqYd ij 2]146 djksM+#i;ksa ds NwV dk izko/kku fd;k x;kA

vkWfMV ds nkSjku ;g ik;k x;k fd flQZ 22 lst bdkbZ;ka fu/kkZfjr ^ldkjkREkd**'kq} fu;kZr fofue; dk Yk{; gkfly dj ikbZ gSa oks Hkh eq[;r% ?kjsyw fcØh dstfj,A bl rjg ;g ;kstuk ds mu mi&y{;ksa dh foQyrk gS ftudk mn~ns';okLrfod fu;kZRk dks c<+kuk FkkA gkykafd bu 22 bZdkb;ksa }kjk dqy feykdj7]149-23 djksM #i;s dk fu;kZr fd;k x;k] exj okLrfod fu;kZRk dsoy1]999-27 djksM #i;s ¼28 Qhlnh½ dk Fkk] 'ks"k 5]149-96 djksM+ #i;s ¼72Qhlnh½ ?kjsyw 'kqYd {ks= vkenuh ls lEcaf/kr FkkA bu bdkbZ;ksa esa dqy fu;kZRkvkenuh ds Qhlnh ds :i esa ?kjsyw vkenuh dk nk;jk esa 59 ls 100 FkkA bubdkbZ;ksa dks oLrqvksa ds vk;kr ij 1043-29 djksM+ #i;s dh lhek 'kqYd dh NwVnh x;hA

fjiksVZ ;g Hkh ladsr djrh gS fd lst }kjk gkfly fd;s x;s _.k mUgsa mu xSjlst bdkb;ksa ds eqdkcys vuqfpr ykHk igqapkrs gSa tks fd VSDl _.k gkflydjrs gSaA lh,th us fjiksVZ fd;k gS fd] ^^lst bdkb;ksa }kjk izkIr fd;s x;s

: 68 :


'kqYd esa NwV vkSj ^'kwU;* MhVh, nj ij ij Lohdr fd;s x;s mRiknksa ds fuekZ.kesa yxs ykxrksa dh okilh ds fy, dksbZ izko/kku ugha fd;k x;k gSA ljdkj dks,slh vlekurk ij /;ku nsus dh Tk:jr gS rkfd MhVh, bdkb;ksa ds lkFk&lkFklst bdkb;ksa ds chp leku Lrj lqfuf'pr fd;k tk ldsA

lst dh 'krksZa dk mYya?ku djds vk;kr fd;s tkus okys ekeyksa esa 'kqYd ughayxkus ls@lkr lst ij de 'kqYd yxkus ds dkj.k ljdkj 285-81 djksM+#i;s ls oafpr gqbZA vkWfMV ds ek/;e ls] lh,th us Li"V fd;k gS fdvfu;fer MhVh, fcØh ds dkj.k mRikn 'kqYd esa 84-37 djksM+ #i;s dh dehvk;hA blds vykok fjiksVZ mu [kkl ekeyksa dks js[kkafdr djrh gS tgkalh,th us fu/kZfjr fd;k gS fd O;fDrxr lst U;wure 'kq) fons'kh fofue;izn'kZu ¼,ubZ,Qih½ ugha gkfly dj jgh FkhaA fu;kZr v/kkfjr bdkbZ;ksa }kjk'kqYd eqDr vfu;fer vk;kr ls ljdkj ds jktLo esa Hkkjh deh vk;h gSA ,slh[kfe;ksa dh igpku djus ,oa le; ij 'kqYd mxkgh ds fy,] okf.kT; ,oa foÙkea=ky; ds chp dk;Z'khy leUo; rduhd LFkkfir djus dh t:jr gSA

e/;izns'k esa 31 ekpZ 2005 dks lekIr gq, o"kZ ds fy, lh,th dh vkfMV fjiksVZesa dgk x;k gS fd e/; izns'k jkT; vkS|ksfxd fodkl fuxe ¼,eih,lvkbZMhlh½22 lky igys vvf/kxzfgr dh dbZ [kkyh tehu dks bUnkSj lst dks de njij miyC/k djk jgh gS] ftlls 22-58 djksM+ #i;s ds jktLo dk uqdlku gqvkgSA

xksok dh vfu;ferrk,a

blh rjg xksok esa Hkh 31 ekpZ 2005 dks lekIr gq, o"kZ ds fy, lh,th dhvkWfMV fjiksVZ esa xksok vkS|ksfxd fodkl dkiksZjs'ku ¼thvkbZMhlh½ }kjk lkrlst ds fy, fd, x, Hkwfe vkcaVu dh tkap dh vkSj irk yxk;k fd tehu ijdCts [kkl rkSj ij vxLr 1992] vxLr 2001 vkSj ekpZ 2007 esa fd;s x;s Fks]ftudk bLrseky ugh fd;k tk ldk Fkk vkSj mUgsa lst MsosyilZ dks lLrs nkeksaij lkSai fn;k x;kA vkWfMV tkapdrkZvksa us 102-64 djksM+ ds jktLo ?kkVs dkirk yxk;kA


: 69 :

2009 dh izkjEHk esa xksok fo/kkulHkk }kjk leh{kk fd;ss gq, xksok ij lh,thfjiksVZ esa Lohdkjk x;k fd jkT; esa lst ls lEcaf/kr Hkwfe gLrkarj.k esa Hk;kud/kka/kfy;ka ikbZ xbZaA thvkbZMhlh dh leh{kk esa Hkkjr dh lh,th us mtkxjfd;k fd dkiksZjs'ku ds dk;Z esa ikjnf'kZrk dk vHkko Fkk] fcuk tukns'k ds dqNdkeksa dks fd;k x;k] Hk;kud vfu;ferrk,a Fkh] vkSj ftlds ifj.kkeLo:ijkT; dks Hkkjh jkTkLo dk ?kkVk gqvkA ¼lh,th] xksok jkT; fjiksVZ] Hkkx 7ljdkjh okf.kfT;d ,oa O;kikj xfrfof/k;ka½A vU; ekeyksa tSls osjuk baMfLVª;ybLVsV ds ekeysa esa Hkh fjiksVZ us lst dks gq, Hkwfe vkoaVu esa vfu;ferrkvksa dksjs[kkafdr fd;kA fjiksVZ crkrh gS fd] ^^osjuk pj.k 4 esa lst dks Hkwfe vkaoVuvfu;fer Fks D;ksafd Hkwfe ij vf/kxzg.k ,d vkS|ksfxd fodkl dsUnz ds fy,Hkkjr ljdkj ds foÙkh; lg;ksx ls fd;k x;k FkkA** xksok ljdkj us Hkkjrljdkj ds vkS|ksfxd fodkl dsUnz ;kstuk ds rgr y?kq ,oa e/;e bdkbZ;ksa dslkFk osjuk vkS|ksfxd bLVsV LFkkfir ,oa izksRlkfgr djus ds fy, nl djksM+ dhfoÙkh; lgk;rk gkfly dhA blds cnys] thvkbZMhlh us bLVsV esa vf/kxzfgrHkwfe lst dks vkcafVr fd;k] tks fd ;kstuk ds tukns'k dh fojks/kkHkklh gSAlh,th us vius fu"d"kZ esa dgk gS fd jkT; dks Hkkjr ljdkj ls gkfly nldjksM+ dh lgk;rk dks okil djus dh Tk:jr gSA

blds vykok lh,th viuh fjiksVZ esa ;g Li"V djrh gS fd rduhdh rkSj ijthvkbZMhlh lst uhfr ds rgr fdlh Hkh Hkwfedk ds fy, fu;r ugha gS] tcfdmlus lkr lst ds fy, 38-41 yk[k oxZ ehVj Hkwfe vkoafVr dhA lh,th dkdguk gS fd] ^^lst dks cxSj izdk'ku ds Hkwfe vkcaVu fd;k x;k vkSj og HkhjkT; ljdkj }kjk lst uhfr ikfjr djus ls dkQh igys fd;k x;kA thvkbZMhlhus pkj lst MsosyilZ dks lstcksMZ }kjk vkSipkfjd rkSj ij Lohdfr ls vf/kdHkwfe eqgS;k djkbZ vkSj mls jkT; }kjk r; dher ls 36-89 djksM :i;s de ijvkoafVr fd;k x;kA

xksok vkS|ksfxd fodkl dkjiksjs'ku ij lh,th dh fjiksVZ tks fd Hkkjr ljdkjdks twu 2008 esa lkSih xbZ mlesa fuEu fu"d"kZ fn;s x;s gSa %

■ vkxs forfjr djus ds fy, MsosyilZ dks Hkwfe vkcaVu djds fuxe viuhLFkkfir Hkwfedk ls gV xbZ] tcfd mldh Hkwfedk tehu vf/kxzg.k djds

: 70 :


lh/ks m|fe;ksa dks vkcafVr djus dh gSA

■ vkcaVu fcuk fdlh ikjn'khZ p;u izfØ;kvksa ds fd, x,A

■ lst dks cxSj izdk'ku ds Hkwfe vkcaVu fd;k x;k vkSj og Hkh jkT; ljdkj}kjk lst uhfr ikfjr djus ls dkQh igys fd;k x;kA

■ vkbZthlh ;kstuk ds rgr y?kq ,oa e/;e Lrj ds m|ksxksa ds fy,vf/kxzfgr Hkwfe dks lst dks vkcafVr fd;k x;k] tks fd Hkkjr ljdkj dsfn'kkfunsZ'k dk mYya?ku gSA

■ osjuk pj.k 4 ds fy, fizfe;e nj dk iqujh{k.k rc fd;k x;k tc dkQhla[;k esa de nj ij Hkwfe vkcafVr dj nh xbZ Fkh] ftldh otg ls jktLoesa 36-89 djksM+ #i;s dk uqdlku gqvkA

■ pkj lst dks vkcafVr tehu ds lehi de nj ij tehu vkcafVr fd;kx;k ftlls 39-47 djksM+ #i;s dk uqdlku gqvkA

■ nks lst MsosyilZ dks cxSj fdlh eatwj QkewZyk ds 14-36 yk[k oxZ ehVjHkwfe vkcafVr fd;k x;k] ftlds ifj.kkeLo:i 17-76 djksM+ dk uqdlkugqvkA

¼lzksr % lh,th] xksok jkT; fjiksVZ] Hkkx 7 ljdkjh okf.kfT;d ,oa O;kikj xfrfof/k;ka½


: 71 :

V. okf.kT; ij lalnh; LFkk;h lfefr }kjk mBk, x,loky

eqjyh euksgj tks'kh dh v/;{krk esa fiNyh ljdkj dh okf.kT; ij lalnh;LFkk;h lfefr us ^lst ds fØ;kdyki* ij viuh 83oha fjiksVZ 20 twu 2007 dkslaln esa izLrqr dhA fjiksVZ us lst uhfr vkSj mlds fØ;kU;o;u ij dqN csgnizklafxd loky mBk, gSaA lfefr }kjk lcls vkykspukRed flQkfj'k esa^Bgjko o fparu* dh vko';drk 'kkfey gSA fjiksVZ us lkQ rkSj ij eatwjh cksMZ}kjk ftl rst xfr ls Lohdfr;ka nh tk jgh gSa ml ij fpark tkfgj dh tcfdlHkh frekfg;ksa esa bl ij vk'kadk trkbZ xbZ FkhA

fjiksVZ esa ;g Hkh dgk x;k gS fd lalnh; lfefr ds lnL;ksa }kjk dh xbZ tkapdh izfØ;k esa] LFkkuh; iz'kklu lkeus ugha vk;h] jkT; ljdkjsa lg;ksxh ugha FkhavkSj dbZ txg milfefr;ksa dks yksxksa ls feyus ls jksdk x;kA

lcls egRoiw.kZ ;g fd fjiksVZ us cM+s lst ds ifj.kkeLo:i c<+rs foLFkkiu dhvkykspuk dh ftlls foLFkkiu ,oa dbZ txg ij lV~Vsckth c<+ jgh gSA jkT;lHkk esa 24 vDVwcj 2008 dks izLrqr dkjZokbZ fjiksVZ ¼87oha fjiksVZ½ esa okf.kT;ea+=ky; us [kqn dks Hkwfe eqnns dh ftEesnkjh ls nks"keqDr dgrs gq, fuEu rhuckrsa O;Dr dh gS %

■ okf.kT; ea=ky; us ;g dgrs gq, fn'kkfunsZ'k tkjh fd;k Fkk fd 5 vizSy2007 ds ckn futh lst ds fuekZ.k ds fy, Hkwfe vf/kxzg.k vf/kfu;e 1894ds rgr fdlh dh Hkh tehu dk tcju vf/kxzg.k ugha fd;k tk,xkA

■ foLFkkiu ds eqn~ns ds lek/kku ds fy, Hkwfe vf/kxzg.k vf/kfu;e vkSjiquokZl fcy 2007 esa la'kks/ku ds fy, ljdkj us nks fcy is'k fd;k FkkA

■ varr% tehu dk ekeyk jkT; ds varxZr vkrk gS vkSj bl rjg jkT;ksa dkdÙkZO; gS fd os dsUnz }kjk tkjh fn'kkfunsZ'kksa dk ikyu djsa vkSj Vdjko lscpsaA

: 72 :


lHkh rhuksa rdZ vi;kZIr gSa D;ksafd os lst dh fuekZ.k esa ekStwnk tehuh lPpkb;kasadks vuns[kh djrs gSaA gkyakfd futh fo'ks"k vkfFkZd {ks=ksa ls lh/ks Hkwfe [kjhnusdh vis{kk dh tkrh gS ij dbZ ekeyksa esa vkS|ksfxd fodkl fuxeksa ds ek/;els tehu vf/kxzg.k fd;k tkrk gS vkSj fQj mls futh dEifu;ksa dks lkSaik tkrkgSA fiNyh ljdkj ds nkSjku tks nks fcy laln esa is'k fd;s x, Fks muesafoLFkkiu dh leL;k vkSj fdlkuksa o xzkeh.k leqnk;ksa ls tehu gfFk;kus dhleL;k ds lek/kku ds fy, dkQh dqN fd;k tkuk gS vkSj bl ij dkQh cglgks pqdh gSA

lalnh; LFkk;h lfefr dh dqN vU; flQkfj'kksa dks ftUgsa okf.kT; ea=ky; }kjkdkjZokbZ fjiksVZ esa njfdukj fd;k x;k muesa fuEu ckrsa 'kkfey gSa %

■ lst ds larqfyr {ks=h; fodkl ds fy, lst dh eatwjh ij {ks=okj lhek r;dh tk,A

■ vuko';d lkekftd <kaps ij ikcanh yxk;h tk,■ foÙkh; izksRlkgu dks fu;kZr ls tksM+k tk,■ lst dh VSDl fj;k;rsa lkWVos;j rduhdh ikdksZa ,oa fu;kZr vk/kkfjr

bdkbZ;ksa ds vuq:i gSa & rks fQj lst dh t:jr D;ksa gS\■ Je vk;qDr ds vf/kdkj dks fodkl vk;qDr dks lkSaius ij fQj ls /;ku

fn;k tk,A

lcls T;knk egRoiw.kZ ;g fd lalnh; LFkk;h lfefr us okf.kT; ea=ky; dhbl vk/kkj ij f[kapkbZ dh fd 83oha fjiksVZ ds tkjh gksus ds le; Lohdfr cksMZ}kjk 152 vkSipkfjd Lohdfr;ka vkSj 82 vf/klwpuk,a Fkha vkSj blds ckotwnlfefr }kjk la'kks/ku gksus rd eatwjh dks jksdus dh flQkfj'k ds ckotwn bldsfy, dksbZ iz;kl ugha fd;s x;sA tc jkT;lHkk esa dkjZokbZ fjiksVZ is'k fd;k x;krc Lohdr lst dh la[;k 500 ls T;knk gks pqdh FkhA okf.kT; ea=ky; us ek=bruk dgk fd og lst ds dk;Z izn'kZu ,oa vljksa ij fd, tkus okys ,doSKkfud fo'ys"k.k dh izfØ;k esa FkkA


: 73 :

VI. dsUnzh; xzkeh.k fodkl ea=ky; dh lfefr }kjk mtkxjdh xbZ vk'kadk,a

dsUnzh; xzkeh.k fodkl ea=ky; dh jkT; df"k lEca/k ,oa Hkwfe ds viw.kZ dk;Z dhlfefr ¼LVsV ,xzsfj;u fjys'kal ,aM vufQfu'M VkLd vkWQ ySaM½ dh fjiksVZ uslst ds lEca/k esa fuEufyf[kr vk'kadk,a O;Dr dh gSa %

■ fjiksVZ us lst uhfr dks ^vfr vk'kadkiw.kZ** lst ¼ist ii½ dgk gS] vkSj lstuhfr 2005 dks ^^cgqrk;r esa fojks/kkHkklh** ¼ist 133½ dgk gSA

■ fjiksVZ dk dguk gS fd lst vf/kfu;e ,oa fu;e esa iznw"k.k fu;a=.k cksMZ ;krVh; dkuwu lEca/kh izko/kkuksa dh fdlh Hkwfedk dk ftØ ugha gS] vkSj ;grVh; fofu;e {ks= ¼lhvkjtsM½ vf/klwpuk 1991 esa la'kks/ku dk Qk;nkmBkrh gS] tks fd lst dks ikjfLFkfrdh :i ls laosnu'khy rVh; bykdksa,oa ^fodkl izfrca/k {ks=* esa LFkkfir djus dh vuqefr nsrh gS ¼135&6½A

■ fjiksVZ ;g Hkh o.kZu djrh gS fd lst vf/kfu;e ¼2005½ fdl rjg ^^ikuhdh t:jr iwjk djus ds fy, [kqyh NwV** nsrh gS] tks fd ikuh ds lzksr dsckjs esa dksbZ ftØ ugha djrh gS vkSj izLrkfor tksu esa ikuh ds bLrseky ijdkuwu ,oa lhek Hkh fu/kkZfjr ugha djrh gS ¼ist 142½A xqtjkr ds ekeysdk gokyk nsrs gq,] xqtjkr lst vf/kfu;e dh vkykspuk djrh gS ftldsvuqlkj] ^lst bdkbZ;ksa dks i;kZIr ikuh vkiwfrZ dk izko/kku lqfuf'pr djusds fy, lst MsosyilZ dks ty vkiwfrZ ,oa forj.k ds fy, Lohdfr nhtk,xh** vkSj dgrh gS fd eqanzk lst lfgr vU; m|ksxksa dks ljnkj ljksojifj;kstuk ls yk[kks yhVj ikuh vkcafVr djus ckjs esa dgrh gS] ftllslw[kk izHkkfor {ks=ksa ds fy, ty miyC/krk ij vlj iM+us ds dkj.k lh,thus mldh lu 2006 esa vkykspuk dh Fkh ¼ist 142½A

■ dsUnzh; xzkeh.k fodkl ea=ky; dh jkT; df"k lEca/k ,oa Hkwfe ds viw.kZdk;Z lfefr dk Li"V :i ls dguk gS fd] ^^df"k Hkwfe dks xSj&df"kmi;ksx ds fy, gLrkarfjr djus ds xaHkhj ifj.kke gksaxsA** ¼ist 229½

: 74 :


■ dsUnzh; xzkeh.k fodkl ea=ky; dh jkT; df"k lEca/k ,oa Hkwfe ds viw.kZdk;Z lfefr dh iz'kklfud eqn~ns ,oa uhfr ij mi lfefr us fy[kk gS fd607 ftyksa esa ls 53 ftyksa esa lst dh vf/klwpuk ls fuf'pr :i vlekurkdks c<+kok feysxkA

milfefr us lst vf/kfu;e dh foLrkj ls leh{kk vkSj vuqlwfpr bykdksa esaHkwfe gLrkarj.k esa NwV dks jksdus vkSj lst@,lVhtsM ds fy, lkewfgd lEifÙk,oa df"k Hkwfe dks gLrkarfjr djus ij jksd yxkus dh flQkfj'k dh gSA blusvf/kfu;e esa lst ifj;kstukvksa ds fy, ykxr&ykHk fo'ys"k.k dk vHkko ;k^^df"k Hkwfe dks xSj&df"k mi;ksx ds fy, gLrkarj.k ls gksus okys uqdlku vkSjmlds ifj.kkeLo:i vkthfodk dh {kfr ds vkdyu ds vHkko dh Hkh vkykspukdh gSA** ¼ist 134½


: 75 :

VII. vafre lkj

mijksDr mfYyf[kr eqnns ukxfjd lekt ds izfrfuf/k;ksa] dk;ZdrkZvksa ,oaizHkkfor leqnk; izfrfuf/k;ksa }kjk dsUnzh; okf.kT; ea=h] okf.kT; ea=ky; dsfo'ks"k lfpo] okf.kT; jkT; ea=h ds lkFk flracj 2007 esa vkSj okf.kT; ijlalnh; LFkk;h lfefr ds lkFk vizSy 2007 esa gqbZ cSBd esa mBk;s x,A gj ckjfopkj foe'kZ djus ds vk'oklu fn, x, ysfdu dksbZ Hkh ,slh igy ugha dh xbZvkSj muds le{k j[ks x;s ekaxksa dh vkt rd vuns[kh dh xbZA bl chp gkykrvkSj fcxM x,] 550 izkstsDVksa dks Lohdfr fey x;h vkSj Hkwfe dk vf/kxzg.ktkjh gSA

gekjk ekuuk gS fd ekStwnk lst dkuwu o uhfr ns'k ds lalk/kuksa ds futhdj.kdks fo/kk;h o U;kf;d lg;ksx iznku djrs gSa vkSj blls yksdrkaf=d iz'kklfudO;oLFkk vfLFkj gks ldrh gSA blds vykok ;s lst ls izHkkfor gksus okysetnwjksa] fdlkuksa o vU; leqnk;ksa dks muds ekStwnk vf/kdkjksa ls oafpr djrs gSaAlst dkuwu ,oa uhfr ds varxZr futh daifu;ksa dks iznku fd;s tkus okyhfj;k;rksa ds QyLo:i ns'k dh vFkZO;oLFkk ds lkFk&lkFk ljdkjh dks"k ijiM+us okys Hkkjh cks> ij ge viuh fpark O;DRk djrs gSaA

blfy, ge ,d ckj fQj etcwrh ls ekax djrs gSa fd ,sls vkS|ksfxd o vkfFkZdfodkl lqfuf'pr fd, tk,a tks fd fVdkÅ] yksdrkaf=d o U;k;iw.kZ gksa vkSjbl utfj, ls lst dkuwu dh xgu leh{kk dh tk,A gekjh ekax gSa fd%

■ last dh Hkkoh Lohdfr;ksa dks fQygky LFkfxr fd;k tk,A

■ ekStwnk lst ds fØ;kdykiksa ds lkFk lkFk lalnh; LFkk;h lfefr dh 83ohafjiksVZ esa dh xbZ flQkfj'kksa dh Lora= leh{kk djokbZ tk,A tu fopkjfoe'kZ ,oa tulquokbZ;ksa ds ek/;e ls lst dh lokZtfud vkWfMV djokbZtk,A

■ ftu bykdksa esa Lohdfr ,oa vf/klwpuk ds f[kykQ fojks/k gks jgk gS ogka

: 76 :


ifj;kstukvksa dks fujLr ;k vukf/klwfpr fd;k tk, vkSj Hkwfe vf/kxzg.kdks jn~n fd;k tkuk pkfg,A

■ bl dkuwu ds vlaoS/kkfud LoHkko ds dkj.k bls varr% fujLr fd;k tkukpkfg,A

gekjh ekax gS fd yksdrkaf=d <aax ls pquh gqbZ ljdkj dEifu;ksa vkSj MsosyilZds ctk; ukxfjdksa ,oa yksxksa ds fgrksa ds izfr tokcnsgh lqfuf'pr djsA

gLrk{kjdrkZ1- lst fojks/kh eap] xksvk

2- lst&fojks/kh la?k"kZ lfefr] jk;xM+] ekgjk"Vª

3- dSEisu vxsaLV Lis'ky bdksukWfed tksUl ¼fljkiq iks:ykFkjk eaMyk ,fMjkIiqbZ;kDde½] rfeyukMq

4- djkokyh dukZVdk tukfHkof) osfnds] eaxyksj

5- ekr Hkwfe j{kk la?k"kZ lfefr] xxjsV] fgekpy çns'k

6- dukZVd MksesfLVd odZlZ ;wfu;u ,aM ,u,ih,e] dukZVd

7- unh ?kkVh ekspkZ] NÙkhlx<+

8- vka/kz izns'k ,fxzdYpjy odZlZ ;wfu;u ,aM ,u,ih,e] vka/kz izns'k

9- fdlku la?k"kZ lfefr] e/; çns'k

10- vktknh cpkvks vkanksyu

11- us'kuy ,yka,l vkWQ ihiqYl eqoesaV~l

12- Fkuky] dsjy

13- fjoj csflu ÝsaM~l] u‚FkZ bZLV

14- eerk nkl] us'kuy Qksje Q‚j QksjsLV ihiqy ,aaM QkWjsLV odZlZ


: 77 :

15- çhfr lair] etnwj fdlku 'kfä laxBu

16- v'kksd vxzoky] vf/koDrk] lqçhe dksVZ] ubZ fnYyh

17- v'khe tSu] caxyksj

18- jksfgr tSu] Jqfr] ubZ fnYyh

19- vflr nkl

20- esgsj baftfu;j

21- vferk ckfoLdj] ,lksfl,V çksQslj] bULVhV~;wV v‚Q bdksukWfed xzksFk]fnYyh fo'ofo|ky;

22- f'ko paæ <dky] vflLVsaV çksQslj] Ldwy v‚Q lks'ky odZ

23- lsaVj Q‚j dE;wfuVh v‚xZukbts'ku ,aaM MsosyiesaV çSDVhl

24- VkVk baLVhV~;wV v‚Q lks'ky lkbalst

25- v#.k dqekj] çksQslj] ts,u;w

26- ;kfeuh vkRefoykl] ,lksfl;sV çksQslj ,aM ps;j] tsaMj LVMht] lsaVj Q‚jáweu MsosyiesaV

27- lrh'k dqekj tSu] çksQslj v‚Q bdksu‚feDl] lsaVj Q‚j bdksukWfedLVMht ,aM Iykfuax] ts,u;w

28- çnhi bLVsfol] dksaVsDLV bafM;k] caaxyksj

29- vlhe JhokLro] vFkZ'kkL=h ,oa ys[kd

30- jkts'k jke-".ku] ubZ fnYyh

31- deky psu‚;] çksQslj] ts,u;w

32- fot;u ,e-ts-] fnYyh Qksje

33- g"kZ diwj] lkmFk ,f'k;k flfVtUl osc

: 78 :


34- y{e.ku] lgk;d çksQslj] enzkl baLVhV~;wV vkWQ lks'ky LVMht] psUubZ

35- fDyVu ,aM fl)kFkZ ukjk;.k] vkYVusZfVo y‚ Qksje] caxyksj

36- fç;adk ekFkqj foysFk] ih,pMh LdkWyj] lsaVj Q‚j fn LVMh v‚Q y‚ vkaMxousZUl] ts,u;w

37- vk'kh"k ?kks"k] ubZ fnYyh

38- tsEl ikspqjhZ] ,D'ku ,M] ubZ fnYyh

39- foYÝsM Mh] tsujy lsØsVjh] bafM;u lks'ky ,D'ku Qksje ¼balkQ½

40- ,l- ij'kqjkeu] funs'kd] VkVk baLVhV~;wV v‚Q lks'ky lkbalst

41- f=ykspu 'kkL=h] çksQslj ,aM Mhu ¼,dsMfed½] bafM;u baLVhV~;wV v‚QeSustesaV] caaxyksj

42- LoIuk cuthZ&xqgk] çksQslj v‚Q MsosyiesaV LVMht] Ldwy vkWQ lks'kylkbalst] VkVk baLVhV~;wV v‚Q lks'ky lkbalst] eqacbZ] Hkkjr

43- jkekLokeh v¸;j] ubZ fnYyh

44- vrqy pksD'kh] çksQslj] fMikVZesaV v‚Q esVhfj;Yl baftfu;fjax] bafM;ubaLVhV~;wV v‚Q lkbUl

45- ukxs'k gsxM+s] caxyksj

46- nhid ey?ku] ,flLVsaV çksQslj] lsaVj Q‚j ifCyd i‚fylh] bafM;ubaLVhV~;wV v‚Q eSustesaV] caxyksj

five years of sez act

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