flax fiber as reinforcement in recycled tire rubber and thermoplastics composite
DESCRIPTION
Flax Fiber as Reinforcement in Recycled Tire Rubber and Thermoplastics Composite. Paper No. CSBE08-191. Jimmy Fung and Satya Panigrahi Agricultural & Bioresource Engineering Dept. University of Saskatchewan CSBE/SCGAB 2008 Annual Conference Vancouver, British Columbia July 13 - 16, 2008. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Flax Fiber as Reinforcement in Recycled Tire Rubber and Thermoplastics Composite
Jimmy Fung and Satya PanigrahiAgricultural & Bioresource Engineering Dept.
University of Saskatchewan
CSBE/SCGAB 2008 Annual ConferenceVancouver, British Columbia
July 13 - 16, 2008
Paper No. CSBE08-191
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Outline
Introduction Objectives Materials Experimental Method Results & Discussions Conclusion
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Introduction
Natural fibers have been used as the reinforcement in plastic industry
Advantages with natural fiber: lower density, lower processing temperature, non-abrasive nature, renewable and relatively cheaper in cost
Scrap rubber: non-degradable, e.g. wasted carpet rubber underlay, industrial wasted rubber and wasted tires
Serious solid waste disposal and hazard environmental problem
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Introduction (con’t)
Developing new and innovative materials utilizing agricultural residue and recycled polymer Reduction of CO2
Add crop’s economic value Recycling
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Objectives
Investigate a viable biocomposite material from the flax fiber/shive, recycled tire rubber and thermoplastics
Develop the extrusion and compression molding process on this composite material
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MaterialsSaskatchewan-grown oilseed flax fiber Contains 80% fiber, 20% shives Without any treatment Thermal degradation temperature:
Cellulose: 300ºC Hemicellulose: 220 to 280ºC Lignin: 280 to 300ºC
Oilseed Flax FieldRetted Flax Bale
Decorticated Flax Fiber
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Materials (con’t)
Recycled ground tire rubber (GTR) Size about 0.4 mm, density 1226 kg/m3
Linear Low Density Polyethylene (LLDPE) Melting temperature is at 127 oC; and crystallization
temperature is 112.7 oC
Lubricant Improve the process smoothness
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Experimental Method
A 50 50 100B 60 40 100
Mixture Code
Ground Tire Rubber
LLDPE Total
Composition (% in weight)
1 A 90 0 102 A 85 5 103 A 80 10 104 A 75 15 105 B 90 0 106 B 85 5 107 B 80 10 108 B 75 15 10
Composition (% in weight)Sample Code
Mixture Code
Mixture Flax Wax
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Composite Preparation
Flax fiber – size used through 2 mm screen Mix the materials in different composition ratio Blend the mixture with mixer
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Processing ProcedureExtrusion
Single-screw extruder Cross-linked rubber can be broken
under high shear stress and high temperature
Fiber mixed into the polymer Max temperature used: 200°C
Compression Molding Heated press into 20 cm x 20 cm
square shape sample Heating temperature: 150°C
Extruder
Heated press
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Material & Properties Tests
Tearing test : ASTM D624-00 Tensile test : ASTM D412-98a Water absorption test: ASTM D570-98 Durometer hardness test : ASTM D2240-02b
Type C tearing test specimen
Dumbbell tensile test specimens
Instron testing machine
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Results & Discussions
Tearing test results of the biocomposites
GTR:LLDPE
8765 41 2 30
10
20
30
40
Flax Fiber Content (% w/w)
Me
an
of
Ma
x T
ea
r S
tre
ng
ht
(kN
/m)
60:40
50:50
60:40 23.523 22.905 22.871 22.538
50:50 32.876 31.143 32.300 28.404
0 5 10 15
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Results & Discussions (con’t)
GTR:LLDPE
5 6 7 81 2 3 40.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
Flax Fiber Content (% w/w)
Me
an
of
Te
ns
ile Y
ield
Str
es
s
(MP
a)
60:40
50:50
60:40 1.68 2.08 2.49 2.33
50:50 2.90 3.08 2.98 3.14
0 5 10 15
Tensile test results (in yield stress) of the biocomposites
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Results & Discussions (con’t)
GTR:LLDPE
8765 1 2 3 40
100
200
300
400
Flax Fiber Content (% w/w)
Me
an
of
Yo
un
g's
Mo
du
lus
(M
Pa
) 60:40
50:50
60:40 116.9 138.1 194.1 214.5
50:50 136.2 205.8 224.4 332.9
0 5 10 15
Tensile test results (in Young’s modulus) of the biocomposites
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Results & Discussions (con’t)
Water Absorption test results of the biocomposites
GTR:LLDPE
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6 7 8
1
4320.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
Fiber Content (% w/w)
Mea
n o
f In
crea
se i
n W
eig
ht
(%
w/w
)
60:40
50:50
60:40 0.25 0.59 1.07 1.74
50:50 0.25 0.51 0.88 2.50
0 5 10 15
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Results & Discussions (con’t)
GTR:LLDPE
65 7 8 43210
10
20
30
40
50
Flax Fiber Content (% w/w)
Me
an
of
Sh
ore
Du
rom
ete
r R
ea
din
g
60:40
50:50
60:40 37.3 40.5 41.2 35.7
50:50 41.6 40.2 42.7 43.6
0 5 10 15
Hardness test results of the biocomposites
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Conclusion Composite can be done through the extrusion and
compression molding processes
Flax fiber has been successfully demonstrated as the reinforcement in the biocomposite
Tensile yield strength and stiffness of GTR - LLDPE composite are improved with adding flax fiber content
Higher LLDPE content exhibited higher tensile strength, better stiffness, improved tear strength, less water absorption and harder
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Acknowledgements
Saskatchewan Agriculture Research Chair Program in Engineering.
NSERC Biofibre Industries Ltd. SaskBet Inc Department of Agriculture and Bioresource
Engineering at the University of Saskatchewan
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References
Fukumori, K. and M. Matsushita. 2003. Material Recycling Technology of Crosslinked Rubber Waste – Review. R&D Review of Toyota CRDL. Vol. 38 No. 1. Science Links Japan. Available at: http://sciencelinks.jp/j-east/journal/R/ G0820B/ 2003.php (Accessed 29 September 2007)
Mohanty, A.K., M. Misra and L.T. Drzal. 2001. Surface modifications of natural fibers and performance of the resulting biocomposites: An overview. Composite Interfaces. Vol. 8: 313-343.
Saheb, N.D. and J.P. Jog. 1999. Natural fiber polymer composites: A review. In Advance in Polymer Technology. Vol. 18, No. 4, 351-363.
Van de Velde, K. and P. Kiekens. 2002. Thermal degradation of flax: the determination of kinetic parameters with thermogravimetric analysis. Journal of Applied Polymer Science. Vol. 3: 2634-2643.
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Thank You
Questions?