fletcher news spring 2003
DESCRIPTION
Fletcher News publication from Spring 2003 without Class Notes. Cover Story: A Forum interview with Ahmad ChalabiTRANSCRIPT
Volume 24
Number 1
Spring 2003
The official newsletter for alumni and friends of The Fletcher School, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts 02155
i n t h i s i s s u eDean’s Corner 2Quotes of Note 3From the Fletcher Files 10PhD Profile 11Recent Publications 12Club News 14Class Notes 16In Memoriam 26
FletcherNews
Is There Life After Saddam? A Forum Interview with Ahmad Chalabi
Even before the United States invaded Iraq in March, there was much speculation by the media over who would
succeed the Saddam Hussein. One of the namesmost prominently mentioned was that ofAhmad Chalabi, the high-profile, controversialleader of the Iraqi National Congress (INC).Since its founding in 1992, the INC has beendedicated to overthrowing Saddam Husseinand creating a democracy in Iraq.
Born into one of Baghdad’s wealthiest andmost powerful families, Chalabi attended MITand earned a doctorate in mathematics at theUniversity of Chicago in 1969. Later, hefounded a successful software company inLondon. Chalabi is both a modern man of theWest and a man of the East who retainsloyalties to his ancient Baghdad, with its Araband Muslim roots.
As the Bush administration moved closerto overthrowing Saddam, the INC emerged asa major player among the exiled oppositiongroups, with Chalabi a favorite of thePentagon. His supporters find him charmingand articulate; his detractors view him as aself-promoter and a man of dubious integrity.
Last October, as the Bush administrationprepared for war, Mariya Rasner (F’03), theeditor-in-chief of the Fletcher Forum ofWorld Affairs, the official internationalrelations journal at The Fletcher School, metwith Ahmad Chalabi at the INC office inWashington, DC.
Rasner’s interview appeared in theForum’s Winter/Spring 2003 issue, and wascited by the Associated Press in Washington,Fox News, and The New York Times online.
The following is an excerpt from thatinterview.
continued on page 2 FORUM: The Iraqi opposition, andspecifically the INC, has had mixedrelations with the U.S. government, theState Department, and the intelligencecommunity. Can you explain that?
CHALABI: The INC was founded on theplatform that was pretty straightforward:the overthrow of the dictatorship in Iraqand the establishment of a democratic,pluralistic government with federalstructure. We called for a government thatrespects human rights and renouncesweapons of mass destruction, as well as waras state policy in general. The INC wasformed by a group of Iraqi representativesof various communities and politicaltrends. In general, we are seen as an Iraqipatriotic organization.
WANTED:Memories of Moynihan
Former U.S. Senator Daniel P. Moynihan(F’49) died just prior to publication of thisissue. Please help us pay tribute to this impor-tant figure in U.S. history by submitting sto-ries, quotes, or photos of him for use in anupcoming issue of Fletcher News. Please sendthem to [email protected] or write tothe Office of Development and Alumni Rela-tions, The Fletcher School, Tufts University,160 Packard Avenue, Medford, MA 02155.
These values have a natural affinity withthe values espoused by the United States.However, that is no guarantee that variousdepartments of the United States that dealwith foreign affairs would support such anorganization. We are first and foremostcreated in the interests of Iraq and the Iraqipeople, and sometimes there are conflictsand contradictions between what we viewto be in the interests of Iraq and the Iraqipeople and what agencies of the U.S.government that deal with us view to be inthe interests of Iraq and the Iraqi people...
FORUM: How does the U.S. agenda inIraq differ from your agenda?
CHALABI: The U.S. Congress hassupported my agenda entirely when itpassed the Iraq Liberation Act. The Clintonadministration did not agree with this. Theadministration thought that Iraq was to becontained, and that Saddam was not a
INC’s Ahmad Chalabi: “We want to liberate ourcountry and we want to construct democracy inIraq... the more the U.S. has influence over thisprocess, the better it is for us...”
AP File Photo
These are times of great uncertainty, both politically and
economically. Despite these difficult times, Fletcher continues
to grow and take advantage of strategic opportunities.
I am delighted to announce that we have recently appointed
four new full-time faculty members: Katrina Burgess, Assistant
Professor of International Political Economy; Carolyn Gideon,
Assistant Professor of International Communications and
Technology Policy; Adil Najam, Associate Professor of
International Negotiations and Politics; and George Prevelakis,
Constantine Karamanlis Professor in Hellenic and
Southeastern European Studies.
These individuals were selected from a very competitive
candidate pool, and they come to Fletcher with outstanding
credentials both as academics and practitioners. I look forward
to welcoming them in the fall when they will join our
community.
In March 2004 we will launch a new version of our Global
Master of Arts Program (GMAP), aimed specifically at public sector officials in the United States and
abroad. The first GMAP was launched in 2000 as an innovative, web-based degree program that
employs both computer-mediated instruction and residencies in Medford and abroad. Its unique
format allows for mid- to high-level professionals across the globe to come together in a remarkable
educational environment.
The first few years of the program have been a resounding success, and we are confident that
expanding the program will yield even greater results. A recent article in the Financial Times featured
the newest iteration of GMAP, and we are thrilled to be able to offer a program geared specifically
toward public sector professionals around the world.
Fletcher alumni embody the school’s mission of preparing leaders with a global perspective, and
also play a vital role in maintaining the cohesiveness of the Fletcher community. More than 450
alumni attended the student-alumni receptions in New York and Washington, DC this academic year,
and in doing so set a new attendance record. Alumni set another record this year as participants on
panels during Fletcher’s recent career trips. We continue to be very grateful for your commitment to
these important events.
We are also grateful for the many committed alumni who actively recruit Fletcher students for
internships and jobs on an annual basis. As you know, this year’s graduates face an exceptionally
challenging job market. I encourage you to contact Hannah Pierpont (F’00), Director of Recruitment
in the Office of Career Services, at (001) 617 627 2713 or by e-mail at [email protected] to
let the Office of Career Services know about any positions or summer internships that may be
available at your organization.
I also encourage members of Fletcher classes ending in 3’s and 8’s to return to Medford on 16-18
May for Reunion Weekend. The program is the best we have ever had, and I am pleased to announce
that the speaker at the 70th commencement exercises on Sunday, 18 May will be Dr. Mohamed
ElBaradei, Director General of the International Atomic Energy Agency.
As world events take on new dimensions daily, I am increasingly convinced that the mission of The
Fletcher School has never been more relevant. Thank you for your continued support of Fletcher and
its mission.
Stephen W. Bosworth, Dean of The Fletcher School
Dean’sCorner
2
threat. The national security adviser [SandyBerger] once used a very strange analogywhen he said, “We will treat Saddam like awhackamole: any time this whackamoleputs his head up, you whack him.” Hethought that Saddam could not possibly bea threat to the United States, and thatinterference in Iraq is not its business.However, it was in the interests of theUnited States to contain Saddam –regardless of either the cost to the Iraqipeople or the long-term interests of theUnited States. So, in the end, PresidentClinton signed the Iraq Liberation Act, butimmediately deflected it...
However, things have changed. TheRepublican platform for the 2000 electionsaid very prominently that the RepublicanParty and the president, if elected, stand forthe full implementation of the IraqLiberation Act and the removal of SaddamHussein...
FORUM: ...It seems that in 1991, just asPresident Bush declared a ceasefire, therewas a great opportunity to topple Saddamby supporting an internal revolt in Iraq, butthe U.S. was afraid of Iran at the time. Doyou consider that a sign of shortsightednessin how the U.S. government sees the worldand conducts its foreign policy?
CHALABI: The U.S., in dealing with thesituation in Iraq after the first Gulf War,came to erroneous and disastrousconclusions largely due to both theignorance of the situation in Iraq and lackof political planning for its future followingthe enormously successful military planningthat accompanied the war. This is anexample of how a great power can easily winthe war and then somehow lose the peace.
The people who urged President Bushto stop the war and pull out of Iraq, andwho argued that the U.S. forces shouldn’tget involved in further military conflict,ended up embroiling the United States formore than a decade in combat operationsin Iraq. This miscalculation, you could say,was the root cause of the hostility thatOsama bin Laden bandied about againstthe United States. Bin Laden’s main claim
Life after Saddam, continued from previous page
is what? It is “let America leave the holyplaces of Islam.” But America is there toprotect Saudi Arabia and the other Gulfcountries against Saddam. So, by notfinishing him off in 1991...
FORUM: What is your current opinion ofthe UN?
CHALABI: The UN is the body where theworld resolves its differences and agrees ona common position. But the UN is verynervous about regime change. It works topreserve regimes, rather than change them.
FORUM: Would that not go againstinternational law?
CHALABI: No. If so, how did they achieveregime change in Germany in 1945? Orregime change in Japan? The UnitedNations was actually based on regimechange, but over the years it developed intoa club of nations that became something ofa cover for a multitude of sins.
The United Nations, under the guise ofnon-interference, became a false witness togenocide, repression, and deportation notonly in Iraq, but also all over the world. Ithas had limited success resolving these typesof issues that beset tens of millions ofpeople. And it is, of course, a tragedy toput the concept of state sovereignty aboveall other affairs taking place on that state’sterritory. The principle of non-interferencebecomes a hypocrisy when confronted withtotalitarian regimes that destroy the veryfabric of civil society in their own countries.Saddam is the prime example of that.Repression at home is the other side of thecoin of aggression abroad.
FORUM: But Saddam has been smart overthe years, inviting the UN weaponsinspectors in to see limited resources, thenthrowing them out, and letting them backin again at the height of internationaloutcry and a threat of military action. Andthen he does the same thing all over.
CHALABI: This remark is not a commenton the intelligence of Saddam. Rather, it isa comment on the fecklessness of theUnited Nations.
FORUM: Do you put the U.S. in that samecategory of “fecklessness”?
CHALABI: Under the Clintonadministration, yes, but not now. PresidentBush, in his speech on September 12,2002, laid down what he is going to do. Hevery, very adroitly said that the UnitedNations, if it does not meet the challenge,would devolve into the fate of the Leagueof Nations. It is a very important andhistoric comment, and it is true. He saidthat the United States would not stand forthat, and that the United States has a dutyunder Article 51 [of the UN Charter] todefend itself.
People say that the U.S. does notcontemplate pre-emptive strikes. That isfalse. During the Cuban Missile Crisis,President Kennedy was about to launch astrike on Cuba to destroy missiles deployedby the Soviet Union – although no missilewas fired or contemplated of being fired atthe United States. But nevertheless, heinvoked the right of self-defense to destroythe strategic threat present in Cuba againstthe U.S. That is a pre-emptive strike! So,the principle of pre-emptive strike is notalien to the foreign policy of the UnitedStates. The United States will pre-emptthreats to its national security.
How is the deployment of intermediate-range missiles in Cuba different from theability of Saddam to use chemical andbiological weapons, and even nuclearweapons, on United States territory? It isnot any different...
FORUM: Do you care whether the U.S.acts unilaterally or multilaterally?
CHALABI: We want to liberate our country,and we want to construct democracy inIraq. In our view, the more the U.S. hasinfluence over this process, the better it isfor us politically, economically, and interms of human rights for the people ofIraq.
“The Security Council never authorized use offorce against Yugoslavia. Absent Security Coun-cil approval, the United Nations Charter pro-hibits the use of force except for self-defense.NATO, which led the Kosovo war, never seriouslyclaimed a defensive rationale, and the UnitedStates has yet to advance such a justificationconcerning Iraq. Given the contradictionbetween the mandate of the Charter and theprevailing American view on Iraq and Kosovo,what has happened to the law?”
— Michael Glennon, “How War Left the Law Behind,” The New York Times, 21 November 2002.
“You know, for many Americans, we find itsomewhat ridiculous that a country like NorthKorea would fear that we were about to attack it.But, indeed, that’s what the North Koreans, Ithink, genuinely are fearful of.”
— Stephen W. Bosworth, in an inter-view on National Public Radio’s “Talk of the Nation,” 24 February 2003.
“I think it’s a misinterpretation because thecease-fire was based on Iraq’s acceptance of theterms of the cease-fire, not its compliance. Buteven if that interpretation is plausible, it’s notup to one or two countries in the world to decideIraq is not complying and then launch militaryforce.”
— Hurst Hannum, “Experts Disagree over Legality of Invading Iraq,” The Dallas Morning News, 18 March 2003.
“[The U.S.] has developed a lot of diplomaticcapital as it has tried to adhere to internationallaw and reconcile its status as the world’s majorpower with those limits... But if we reject thevery international institution we helped tofound to address the world’s security issues, werisk losing that good will.”
— Jeswald Salacuse, “War hangs heavy over the world; Bush gives Hussein a final ultimatum as US and allies aban-don a UN resolution on Iraq,” ChristianScience Monitor, 18 March 2003.
“The 1949 Geneva Conventions were written ina much simpler world. I’ve been arguing forsome years that they’re not realistic.”
— Alfred Rubin, “Viability of WWII-era rules of war questioned,” The Boston Globe, 2 April 2003.
Quotes of Note
F l e t c h e r N e w s
3
To read the complete interviewwith Ahmad Chalabi, subscribe tothe Fletcher Forum of World Affairsat www.fletcherforum.org.
4
The Fletcher Class of 1947 invited Professor Henrikson, who teaches
U.S. diplomatic history at The Fletcher School and directs the Fletcher
Roundtable on a New World Order, to give his perspective on the
subject of world order during its Reunion in September. This article by
him is based on their discussion.
The Secretary-General of the United Nations, Kofi Annan, when speaking to theUN General Assembly on 11 September 2002, stated bluntly: “I urge Iraq to com-ply with its obligations – for the sake of its own people, and for the sake of worldorder.” This is all well and good, but is there not something higher to be aspiredto, beyond just “order”?
I was prompted to reflect upon this question by something I had read in adoctoral dissertation by Charles Chester (F’96), on what may seem an entirelyunrelated subject, “Biodiversity Over the Edge: Civil Society and the Protection ofTransborder Regions in North America.” Chester argues that “a new story ormyth” is needed in order to give people involved in environmental work, which isoften very local and specific, a sense not only of the broader scope but also of thelonger-term significance of what they are doing. They wish to be involved in acreative process, in the progressive enlargement of something and in the forma-tion of something new - in this case, a unified transborder “Yosemite to Yukon”conservation regime. The hypothesis, in brief, is that a narrative is necessary inorder to inspire people, in their diverse locales and different jurisdictions, to workfor protection of the environment on an increasingly continental scale. Chester’sparticular focus is on civil society – voluntary organizations working democrati-cally, and networking, in and among their own communities. The participants inthe process he describes want to believe that their efforts – the small steps theyare taking – are going somewhere, and that they may be leading to something,with a grander future.
Is there a similar “story” in contemporary global political events, a historicalnarrative deriving from events of the past that may be linked, in a conceptual aswell as causal way, with developments – increasingly better-ordered ones – thatmay come after? Could there even be in the stream of world politics a teleology,i.e., a shaping of history’s course according to a unifying purpose, a joint destinytoward which humanity as a whole is, inexorably, being drawn? That is, is theresome international design which is so logical and bright that we cannot help butbe attracted by it, as we stumble along? Is there, possibly, even such a purposiveor other directional tendency in the more material, technology-driven process ofworld change that we today call globalization?
In history, there is progress. Our ideas of “order,” as well as actual patterns oforder, themselves develop. When I myself first started thinking seriously aboutthis subject, an accelerated arms race and intensification of the ideological con-flict between the United States and the Soviet Union had led to an almost totalcessation of diplomatic interchange between those two superpowers. I joined withothers in speaking and writing about the need for “negotiating world order” –almost any kind of order – in various fields, especially in the area of nucleararms control. We also discussed the need for “world order” by diplomatic negoti-ation, necessarily multilateral in most cases, in such less politically strategic butfunctionally very important areas as acid-rain prevention, maritime-boundarydefinition, radio-frequency allocation, commodity-price stabilization, trade-bar-rier reduction, and debt-burden alleviation. (Alan K. Henrikson, ed., NegotiatingWorld Order: The Artisanship and Architecture of Global Diplomacy, 1986).
Then, at the beginning of the 1990s, there suddenly emerged the possibility ofa new world order. The cessation of the Cold War with the Soviet Union under thereformer Mikhail Gorbachev, and, especially, the UN Security Council’s autho-rization of a United States-led international military operation to liberate Kuwaitafter its takeover by Saddam Hussein’s forces, appeared to open up a whole newera of international relations. Out of “these troubled times,” President George H.W. Bush famously declared on 11 September 1990, “a new world order” couldarise. “Today, that new world is struggling to be born, a world quite differentfrom the one we have known, a world where the rule of law supplants the rule ofthe jungle, a world in which nations recognize the shared responsibility for free-dom and justice, a world where the strong respect the rights of the weak,” hethen said. Indeed the prospect of American-Russian cooperation, not merelydétente, did suggest a systemic change, as did the new prominence of the UnitedNations in dealing with international peace and security matters. In what wasperhaps the very first effort to give intellectual specificity and shape to the “newworld order” concept, the Fletcher Roundtable on a New World Order was formed.(Alan K. Henrikson, Defining a New World Order: Toward a Practical Visionof Collective Action for International Peace and Security, a Discussion Paper,and Defining a New World Order: The Conference Report, 2-3 May 1991).
At present, some speak of a new new world order. Shimon Peres, Israel’sdeputy prime minister and foreign minister, used this phrase in describing the“antiterror alliance” that began to coalesce after the 11 September 2001 attackson the World Trade Center and the Pentagon (Shimon Peres, “A New New WorldOrder,” The Boston Globe, 19 November 2001). “We are already witnessing themakings of the new framework,” Peres then wrote. “Who could have dreamed 10years ago that a large camp would be formed that would include the UnitedStates, Russia, Europe, China, India, Latin America, and a number of Muslimcountries such as Turkey, Uzbekistan, and possibly Pakistan.” This might be
Is world order the best we can do? By Alan K. Henrikson
F l e t c h e r N e w s
5
“only the beginning,” he prophesied. “The economy on one hand and terror onthe other will force everyone to seek new structures in which the new world ordercan take shape – probably multinational frameworks and direct contacts amongpeople. The new situation creates an interdependency that has never been wit-nessed in the annals of mankind, transcending peoples, nations, blocs, and cul-tures.” The “aspiration to survive,” Peres emphasized, engenders new needs.“And who knows, we might be poised on the threshold of a new Genesis - bring-ing to light that in our concern to live divided, to flaunt our strength, to hate,and to fight, we finally found ourselves unprotected.” He recognized that the“right to remain alive is the most supreme of human rights.” This suggests thethought that an alliance against terrorism – a negation - could be transformedinto a coalition for the continuation and celebration of life – an affirmation, andan inherently creative purpose. “At a time when the economy has become globaland dangers have also become global,” Peres contended, “norms and valuesneed to be globalized as well.” Here one can see perhaps the dynamics of global-ization and the dialectics of universalization working in unison, toward some-thing higher, beyond a U.S.-power-based or even a UN-centered world order.
After outlining this sequence of “world orders” in a talk to the members ofthe Fletcher Class of 1947, I said that I wondered if these successive, and perhapseven progressive, concepts of world order might be linked to generations – thatis, to age-cohort groups that have been formed into self-conscious social units(though with internal differences) by history, i.e., by the dramatic and significantevents through which they have lived, and vividly remember and are guided by.The “generation of 1947” – including the group of Fletcher alumni and onealumna with whom I was conversing - had mostly fought or otherwise served inWorld War II (one member of the Class, a conscientious objector, was a medicwith the American Field Service). Their wartime experience qualifies them as partof what Tom Brokaw has characterized, more broadly, as The Greatest Genera-tion (1998).
But, to be historically precise, the Fletcher group was within that cadre of for-eign-affairs school graduates who, engaged in their final year of studies in thefirst half of the year 1947, probably formulated their adult thinking about theway the world works, and should work, when the Truman Doctrine and, a shorttime later, the Marshall Plan were put forward by the American government. On12 March, President Harry S Truman went to Congress and asked for assistance toGreece and Turkey “to support peoples who are resisting attempted subjugation.”On 6 June, nearby in Cambridge, Secretary of State George C. Marshall in hisCommencement address at Harvard University affirmed that “the United Statesshould do whatever it is able to do to assist in the return of normal economichealth in the world, without which there can be no political stability and noassured peace.” These U.S. policy initiatives must have been very inspiring toyoung people at the time. American leadership then did help to establish at leasta partial world order, with the “Free World” half of the East-West bipolar equilib-rium being its major beneficiary.
Clearly the “Long Peace” of the Cold War period was not an ideal end-state. Itwas an “order,” of a kind, but it was static. Did it point to anything, beyond bal-ance and stability? Was there any aspiration in it? Was it part of a longer storythat was unfolding? The slowness of international change, at least until the dra-matic events of the Revolution of 1989 and the Gulf conflict of 1990-1991, didnot suggest that any historical “script” was developing, chapter upon chapter. Yetthere does seem to have been a basic tendency in events, toward ultimate free-dom. What did the members of the Class of 1947, with their longer chronologicalperspective, think? In particular, what historical idea-processes did they believemight be contributing to, and help us today better to understand, the “worldorder” goal and the dynamics behind it?
One Class member, Charlie Edwards, immediately mentioned Alfred Lord Ten-nyson’s poem, “Locksley Hall” (1842), with its futuristic projection in timetoward the eventual establishment of a Parliament of Man. That aspiration –essentially, the world federalist dream – is indeed still manifest among thosewho, for instance, would supplement the existing United Nations Organizationwith new, more popularly based structures of global governance, if not with anelected world government. Such a more inclusive kind of global governance,could, in their opinion, preclude warfare. In the text of Tennyson’s poem, which Iwas moved later to read carefully, there also is a remarkable prevision of the airage, and of the good and bad things which that might bring, and of the risingtumult in the colonial, or today’s developing, world as well:
For I dipt into the future, far as human eye could see, Saw the Vision of the world, and all the wonder that would be;
Saw the heavens fill with commerce, argosies of magic sails,Pilots of the purple twilight, dropping down with costly bales;
Heard the heavens fill with shouting, and there rain’d a ghastly dew From the nations’ airy navies grappling in the central blue;
Far along the world-wide whisper of the south-wind rushing warm,With the standards of the peoples plunging thro’ the thunder-storm;
Till the war-drum throbb’d no longer, and the battle-flags were furl’dIn the Parliament of man, the Federation of the world.
This is but one example of the visionary tradition of internationalist thinkingthat continues to inspire those who seek optimal forms of world order. Anothermember of the Class of 1947, Ed Bloch, commented that the “evolutionary”views of Teilhard de Chardin, the Catholic religious writer, might be pertinent.Thanks to a Fletcher colleague who has had theological training and who hasdone Catholic charitable work overseas – Roger Milici, Director of Development,who was present during the Reunion discussion – I was able subsequently togain a fuller appreciation of the merit of Bloch’s suggestion. In the work of PierreTeilhard de Chardin, a geologist and paleontologist as well as a Jesuit priest,humankind is advancing through a process of “socialization” toward a supremedegree of consciousness, evidenced by scientific advances. Fundamentally an evo-lutionary process, history is moving constantly toward unification and spiritual-ization, or divinity. The influence of Teilhard de Chardin’s thought is evident in,for example, the Pastoral Constitution on the Church in the Modern World ofthe Second Vatican Council which includes the statement that “the human racehas passed from a rather static concept of reality to a more dynamic, evolution-ary one.” Salvation is identified with actual history which, in modernity, is faster-paced, becoming more complex, and tending toward a final convergence in whathe called the noösphere.
After the experiences of the twentieth century - especially, the humanly devas-tating first and second World Wars - new realizations become necessary, especiallyas the workings of interdependence and, today, globalization make the effects ofany major disruption, including the resort to war or the unleashing of weaponsof mass destruction, so pervasive and so costly. In this context, the emergence ofthe concept of “non-violence,” emphasized by Class of 1947 member Jim Gould,is a key ideological development. The early origins of this idea lie partly in NewEngland. Earlier that day, as it happened, the Class of 1947 and their spouses had
continued on page 27
6
Tufts University opened a new chapter in its his-tory last April with the inauguration of LawrenceS. Bacow. Since then, Tufts’ twelfth president hasbeen filling it with accounts of new university-wide collaboration, enhanced student experi-ences, and expanded outreach to alumni,friends, and members of the surrounding com-munities.
President Bacow served as chancellor at MITjust prior to coming to Tufts. He earned hisundergraduate degree in economics at MIT, a JDfrom Harvard, and an MPP and PhD fromHarvard’s Kennedy School of Government. Presi-dent Bacow was a member of the faculty at MITfor over 20 years, teaching law and environ-mental policy in the Department of Urban Stud-ies and Planning. His wife, Adele Fleet Bacow, isan urban planner and president of a consultingpractice that focuses on community economicand cultural development.
FN: President Bacow, you have been Tufts' presi-dent for about a year and a half now. How does lifecompare as Tufts’ president versus as chancellor atMIT? Is the Gifford House feeling like home?LB: Adele and I are really enjoying our new life.Gifford House is starting to feel like home,although I don't get to see too much of it. I amspending a lot of my time on the road.
FN: You hold several faculty appointments here atTufts, including one at Fletcher. Are these appoint-ments primarily ceremonial, or are you preparingto teach a seminar or two?LB: To date, I have not had time to teach a courseon my own although I have given a few guest lec-tures in courses taught by others. I really love toteach, and some day I hope to find time to do itregularly, even while serving as president.
FN: Talk a little about the typical Tufts undergrad-uate. Why do students choose Tufts over otherschools these days?LB: Most are attracted by the excellence of the fac-ulty, our international orientation (internationalrelations is one of our most popular majors), andby the opportunity to live and study at a quintessen-tial New England college campus located just fourstops on the Red Line from one of the world’s greatcities. Our scale and sense of intimacy are also agreat attraction. Admissions to Tufts has becomeincredibly competitive. This year we received over
14,500 applications for 1250 slots in the freshmanclass.
FN: In your inaugural address last year, younamed greater cooperation between Tufts’ schools,departments, and disciplines as an area critical toTufts’ growth. How do you envision this cooperationon a day-to-day basis, and what steps are you tak-ing to institute it?LB: Our schools do a very good job of collaborat-ing already. However, sometimes these collabora-tions occur in spite of our organizational structure.We are looking at a variety of ways to better supportthese efforts. For example, we are trying to clarifyour rules for allocating indirect cost recovery onresearch for projects that span more than oneschool. Similarly, we are examining changes inDevelopment to better support fundraising for pro-jects that involve more than one school.
FN: Describe the present relationship between Tufts(i.e. Arts and Sciences) and the professionalschools, and Fletcher in particular.LB: All of the professional schools are part of Tufts.I think the relationship between the university andThe Fletcher School has never been better. Our newProvost, Jamshed Bharucha, has a long-standingrelationship with [Dean] Steve Bosworth. They bothhave deep ties to Dartmouth. Steve and Jamshed areworking together to ease the Fletcher space crunch.I am working with Steve to raise money for a num-ber of chairs that will be joint between Arts and Sci-ences and Fletcher. Last summer the Fletcher
European alumni gathered for the first time at theuniversity’s European Center in Talloires. Histori-cally, Fletcher has not used this wonderful facility tobring together its extensive European alumni com-munity. The meeting was a great success and isnow being planned as an annual event. These arejust a few of the ways that we are all workingtogether.
FN: What message would you like to convey toFletcher alumni who may remember times whenthe relationship between Fletcher and Tufts was notas strong?LB: The University has grown enormously instature in the past twenty years. Today most peopleknow Tufts because of the quality and selectivity ofthe undergraduate college. I believe the currentleadership of Fletcher and the faculty recognize thevalue and quality associated with the Tufts name.Only good things can come from closer interactionsbetween Fletcher and the rest of the university.
FN: What are the greatest challenges facing theuniversity right now?LB: I like to say that two things define a great uni-versity: great students and great faculty. While wealso need great staff to support them, everything wedo is a means for attracting and retaining the verybest students and faculty we can. Our greatest chal-lenge is ensuring that we continue to compete forthe very best students and faculty. Everything else issecondary.
Q&A with Tufts’ President Lawrence S. Bacow
President Bacow: “The relationship between the university and The Fletcher School has never been better.”
F l e t c h e r N e w s
7
C A M P A I G N U P D A T E
$5,000,000
$4,000,000
$3,000,000
$2,000,000
$1,000,000
Achievement throughApril 2003
FY 2003Goal
$2,085,297
$5,500,000
$6,000,000
Achievement throughApril 2003
FY 2003Goal
$504,591
$750,000
$600,000
$400,000
$200,000
$800,000
Capital Giving Annual Giving
FN: What are you doing to raise Tufts’ visibil-ity? How critical is Fletcher’s visibility in raisingthe university’s profile?LB: If we are to be successful in increasing ourvisibility as a university we need to sharpen ourimage and our messages. I think we are mak-ing progress in this area. Our media profile hasincreased significantly in the past three years inpart because of new investments in public rela-tions. We are also using technology more cre-atively. Thirty-two thousand people now receiveTufts E-News each week which describes howour alumni are making a difference in theworld daily as covered by the external media.Fletcher is a key part of this strategy. For asmall school, Fletcher has an enormous mediafootprint.
FN: What is your proudest accomplishmentsince becoming president?LB: This is a really hard question. I try not tothink in terms of individual accomplishments.I am proud that we have maintained a civildialogue on our campus on controversial topicslike the Middle East at a time when other uni-versities have been tested. I am pleased that ourfaculty and staff feel a sense of optimism andmomentum during difficult economic times. Iam delighted that we recruited JamshedBharucha as our Provost from Dartmouthwhere he previously served as Dean of the Fac-ulty. And I would be less than candid if I didnot tell you that I take great pride in the growthin contributions to the Annual Fund whenmany institutions are seeing a decline in theiralumni support. Lots of people contributed toeach of these accomplishments. I cannot takecredit.
FN: How do you overcome the “all Tufts, allthe time” demands of being president? Youspend so much time as President Bacow, do youhave sufficient time to be Larry Bacow?LB: I would like to think that there is notmuch difference between Larry Bacow andPresident Bacow. I have really tried to just bemyself as president. While the job is intense, Idon’t find it overwhelming. Adele and I still seeour friends regularly. We also manage to findtime to run together in the morning (I am intraining for the Marathon in April) and to ski abit in the winter and sail in the summer. Main-taining balance in one’s life is important.
Fletcher Offers Loan Assistance The Fletcher School recently initiated the Hargens Loan Assistance Program (HLAP), designed to assistFletcher graduates employed in the public and non-profit sectors to repay educational loans incurred whilestudying at Fletcher.
The program demonstrates The Fletcher School’s commitment to enabling its graduates to pursue careersin the public or non-profit sector, and has been made possible through a generous donation from the estateof George B. and Helen J. Hargens.
Available both to U.S. and non-U.S. citizens, HLAP grants will vary in size but may cover up to the fullamount of a graduate’s annual loan payment for debt incurred while at Fletcher. The HLAP committee willconsider each applicant’s income, level of indebtedness, and overall need in determining award amounts.Fletcher graduates may apply for HLAP funds on an annual basis as long as the criteria of the program aremet. Applications and more information are available on the Fletcher website at www.fletcher.tufts.edu.
Office of Development and Alumni Relations Welcomes New StaffFletcher’s Office of Development and Alumni Relations is happy to report the arrival of two new staff persons.Tara Lewis has joined the team as Associate Director for Major Gifts. Tara comes to Fletcher from Boston Uni-versity, where she was a gift planning officer. She is a graduate of the University of New Hampshire andBoston University School of Law. Tara can be reached at [email protected] or at (001) 617 627 2720.
Julia Motl joins the office in a newly-created position, that of Annual Fund Coordinator. Julia will helplaunch and manage the Young Alumni Leadership Program (please see article below), and will assist withother elements of Fletcher’s annual giving program. Prior to this position, Julia – a Tufts alumna – wasAssistant Director in Tufts’ Office of Undergraduate Admissions. Julia can be reached at [email protected] at (001) 617 627 5441.
Leadership Giving Program for Young Alumni AnnouncedFletcher has launched a new giving club focused on alumni who have graduated within the last ten years(1993-2002). The Young Alumni Leaders Program, a component of The Fletcher Fund, invites gifts of $500to $999 from the approximately 1,500 alumni who graduated in the last decade. The program was suggestedby several young alumni and recommended by the school’s Development Committee. It also reflects DeanBosworth’s commitment to engage alumni – especially young alumni – in the life and mission of TheFletcher School.
Young Alumni Leaders will be acknowledged by the school as leadership donors in its annual report. Thoseliving in New York City, Washington, DC, and Boston will also be invited to leadership appreciation events.
For more information on this program, please contact Julia Motl, Annual Fund Coordinator, [email protected] or (001) 617 627 5441.
Fletcher Alumni Recognized forAccomplishments
Two Fletcher alumni have recentlyreceived awards for their career-longinfluence in domestic and internationalaffairs.
The Honorable Thomas Pickering(F’54), now a senior vice president forBoeing Corporation, was selected by theTufts University Alumni Association(TUAA) to receive a DistinguishedService Award for 2003. Five other Tuftsalumni were named to receive the honorin April. “This group of honoreesrepresents the Tufts ideal of citizenshipand public service,” said AlanMacDougall (A’65), TUAA president.
During the Global Master of Arts(GMAP) residency in Athens, Greece inJanuary, Dean Stephen W. Bosworthawarded the Dean’s Medal to Dr.Konstantine Karamanlis (F’82), leaderof Greece’s New Democracy party. Oneof Fletcher’s highest awards, the Dean’sMedal has previously been awarded to,among others, Dr. Armand Hammer, anindustrialist and internationalist, andRoyoichi Sasakawa, a philanthropist andindustrialist.
faculty, and staff; a panel presentation byfour truly remarkable students; and a talkby Professor Alan Henrikson. Our class hasalso completed a Class History and Journalfor deposit with Fletcher’s Edwin GinnLibrary, the Office of Development andAlumni Relations, and the Tufts Universityarchives.
Fletcher’s facilities and community mayrepresent a quantum advance over theFletcher of our day, but the same missionand spirit continue to unite us all, past andpresent.
Rarely has Fletcher’s role and missionbeen more vital for our country and world,and our pride in our school, under DeanBosworth’s leadership, more secure.
Our 55th Class of 1947 Reunion tookplace around the Academic Convocationon 12 September 2002, when ClassPresident Dr. Haydn Williams announcedthat we had surpassed our pledge of a classgift of $100,000 made at our 50th reunion.We hope that our gift will be an exampleand incentive for successive 50-year reunionclasses.
We were deeply touched by DeanBosworth’s tribute to us at the Convocationas representatives of our class, and thestanding ovation for us which followed.
Indeed, the support of the school forour reunion across the board by senior staff,faculty, and students could not have beenfiner. Events for us included a tour of theschool; a class dinner and a lunch at theschool with Dean and Mrs. Bosworth,
Class of 1947 warmly welcomed at September reunion by Charles Edwards (F’47)
Members of the Class of 1947 and spouses poseunder Bowen Gate during their Septemberreunion.
8
This month, during Reunion Weekend, aportrait of the late Dean Charles N. Shane(F’58) will be unveiled and later hung inthe Reading Room of The Fletcher School’sEdwin Ginn Library.
“Chuck” Shane was a mainstay in the fabricof the school for more than 20 years.Through the years, especially when hereceived the Dean’s Medal, alumni haveasked when a portrait of Dean Shanewould be added to the august group in theReading Room. Last summer, AllanCameron (F’64) and Bart Nourse (F’83)agreed to spearhead such an effort. BothAllan and Bart worked with Dean Shaneduring his many years at Fletcher, and feltthat a portrait was a fitting tribute to a manwho could truly be called “Mr. Fletcher.”
Allan and Bart sent a letter to alumni in theclasses of 1965-85, as well as to alumniwho attended the school as Naval officers,last August to ask for financial support forthis endeavor. This cohort shared aparticular rapport with Dean Shane, beingthe men and women whom he admitted,supported, and continued to assist long
S h a n e P o r t r a i t t o b e U n v e i l e d
after graduation. According to the letter,“In a very real sense, and in countless ways,Chuck Shane gave his life to Fletcher asstudent, administrator, graduate, andsupporter. He was 100 percent committedto the ideals for which the school stands.He was proud of the students andcolleagues who stood with him, and withJoy [his wife and F’53], in support of thoseideals for more than 40 years.”
With gifts of all sizes, over three-quarters ofthe goal of $15,000 have been raised. Inthe event that this goal is surpassed, theresidual funds will be added to the CharlesN. Shane Memorial Fund, a scholarshipfund.
If you would like further information orwould like to contribute to this effort,please contact Betsy Rowe (F’83) in theOffice of Development and AlumniRelations at (001) 617 627 3086 [email protected].
1 0
From theFletcher Files
International LawProfessor of International Law Michael Glennonserved as a referee in meeting in Washington on 6January 2003 to select Fellows for the Woodrow Wil-son International Center for Scholars for the 2003-04 term. He also spoke at the American EnterpriseInstitute in Washington, DC on 23 January 2003.His topic was “Who Can Order War?”
Assistant Professor of International Law IanJohnstone visited Lithuania from 17-19 Decem-ber 2002 to advise the Foreign Ministry on “Lithua-nia’s Strategic Aims and Priorities in InternationalFora.” He participated in a two-day seminar of theAcademic Council of the United Nations System(ACUNS), entitled “Taking Stock of How We TeachInternational Relations,” at Yale in November.
During the 2002 fall semester, Jeswald Sala-cuse, Henry J. Braker Professor of CommercialLaw, was on sabbatical leave to complete a book,The Global Negotiator: Making, Managing, andMending Deals Around the World in the Twenty-First Century, which will be published in July 2003by St. Martin’s Press/Macmillan. At the request ofthe UN Economic Commission for Europe, he alsocompleted a study of corporate governance in NorthAmerica and Europe, to be published by the UNECEin its Economy Europe.
Security StudiesRobert L. Pfaltzgraff, Jr., Shelby Cullom DavisProfessor of International Security Studies, workedwith the Massachusetts Office of CommonwealthSecurity to produce its statewide homeland securitystrategic plan. The Strategic Plan for Safeguard-ing the Commonwealth of Massachusetts AgainstTerrorist and Related Threats was completed inDecember 2002 and was based on a contract withthe Institute for Foreign Policy Analysis, of whichProf. Pfaltzgraff is president.
Human SecurityAssistant Professor of International EconomicsSteven Block has recently been pursuing two dis-tinct lines of research. The first focuses on the effectof elections and political conditions on macroeco-nomic policy in developing countries. The secondfocuses on issues relating to child nutrition inIndonesia, where he has been working as a consul-tant to USAID. Professor Block was invited to pre-sent his findings at the International Rice Congressheld in Beijing last September.
Adjunct Associate Professor of International Lawand Executive Director of the Center for HumanRights and Conflict Resolution (CHRCR) EllenLutz, together with Assistant Professor of Interna-tional Politics and Co-Director of CHRCR EileenBabbitt, is facilitating an inter-ethnic dialoguebetween Jewish and Palestinian/Arab/Muslim com-munity leaders living in the Central MassachusettsDistrict of Congressman James P. McGovern. Thegroup is planning a trip to the Middle East inDecember 2003.
Henry J. Leir Professor of International Human-itarian Studies and Director of the Institute forHuman Security Peter Uvin helped launch thenew Journal of Peacebuilding and Development,and was interviewed for an article entitled “Devel-opment and Conflict Prevention: Reflections onRwanda” in a forthcoming issue of Refuge,Canada’s periodical on refugee issues. Prof. Uvinalso consulted on the Rwandan Presidential Com-mission on Civil Society’s conference, “Towards newrelations between the state and civil society inRwanda” in December 2002.
International Business RelationsAssociate Professor of Marketing and InternationalBusiness Bernard Simonin has released a newmultimedia case, Freixenet: The Australian Chal-lenge, developed over the past two years with J.Rialp from the Autonoma University of Barcelonain close collaboration with The Freixenet Groupfrom Spain (please see Recent Publications, p.12).He has also had a number of articles and bookchapters recently published or accepted for publica-tion.
Diplomacy and PoliticsProfessor Alan Henrikson, Director of TheFletcher Roundtable on a New World Order, was theconcluding speaker, addressing “The Future ofDiplomacy,” at the 697th Wilton Park Conferenceon “The Role of Diplomats in the Modern World,”13-17 January 2003 in Steyning, West Sussex, UK.Prof. Henrikson is currently on leave from Fletcherthrough June 2003, serving as Fulbright/DiplomaticAcademy Visiting Professor of International Rela-tions at the Vienna Diplomatic Academy, teachingU.S. diplomatic history, American foreign policymaking, and U.S.-European relations.
Professor of Diplomacy and Director of the Pro-gram for Southwest Asia and Islamic CivilizationAndrew Hess completed a paper which he gaveat a conference at the University of Alcala in Spain.The paper, “The Mediterranean and the Mediter-ranean World in the Age of Magellan,” will appearin a collection of articles concerning the impact ofthe Oceanic Discoveries on the MediterraneanWorld.
Assistant Professor of International PoliticsAlan Wachman presented at a roundtable con-cerning “Security and Development Challenges inthe Asia Pacific Region in a Changing Environ-ment” in Taoyuan, Taiwan in December. Followingthe conference, Prof. Wachman spent several daysin Taipei conducting research for a manuscript inprogress, and had the opportunity to interview,among others, Dr. Shaw Yu-ming (F’66), chair-man of the board of the Central Daily News. Prof.Wachman also gave a presentation about Sino-U.S.relations at the Institute for International Rela-tions, National Cheng-chi University, where he metDr. Poong Hwei-luan (F’82).
Fletcher’s European Advisory Group met in January concurrent with the GMAP’03 second residency inAthens, Greece. Members of the EAG, GMAP, and Fletcher staff and faculty enjoyed lunch in Arahove fol-lowing a trip to Delphi.
F l e t c h e r N e w s
the tutelage of Professor Robert Pfaltzgraff, amilitary expert who is also president of the Insti-tute of Foreign Policy Analysis.
As the world wrestles with how to handleweapons of mass destruction, Margaret Sloaneconcentrates on what can be learned from pastexperience. In this sense, her research could notbe more timely.
Forced Migration Online debuts itsSearchable Digital Library
In collaboration with the Refugee Studies Centre(RSC) at Oxford University, The Fletcher School’sEdwin Ginn Library announces the launch of theForced Migration Online (FMO) Digital Library.FMO aims to provide comprehensive, impartialinformation to promote increased internationalawareness of human displacement issues. Contentincludes a digital library, thematic andcountry/population specific guides, searchable webcatalogue, news feed, directory of key organiza-tions, visual materials, back runs of selected acade-mic journals, and online teaching resources. TheGinn Library’s collection focus for the project is onsubject areas that support the curriculum of TheFletcher School and the work of the FeinsteinInternational Famine Center.
The site can be searched, read online andprinted at www.forcedmigration.org. For furtherinformation, please contact Jeff Gardner, Director ofGinn Library, at jeff.gardner@tufts. edu.
P h D P R O F I L E
Margaret Sloane (F’01)With Iraq, North Korea, and Iran now interna-tional flashpoints, it is not surprising that theissue of weapons of mass destruction has takencenter stage. PhD candidate Margaret Sloane(F’01), for one, is centering her dissertation onUnited Nations Special Commission (UNSCOM)and Iraq’s biological weapons program.
Currently a fellow at Harvard’s Belfer Centerfor Science & International Affairs and anEisenhower Institute fellow, she performs herresearch while keeping up with the latest devel-opments and breaking news.
In 1999, when Sloane arrived at Fletcher asa MALD student, her interest lay in U.S. foreignpolicy. She chose Security Studies and theUnited States as her fields of study because “forme, these fields were a way of getting at U.S.foreign policy.” It was after taking RobertPfaltzgraff’s course on counter-proliferation thatshe developed a more specific interest in biolog-ical weapons.
Sloane’s MALD thesis told the story of howIraq was forced to admit to its offensive biologi-cal weapons program in 1995 because ofUNSCOM’s work.
Her PhD research takes a broader view of thatstory, looking more closely at UNSCOM’s work onIraq’s biological weapons program during theperiod of 1991 to 1998.
Sloane is trying to answer questions of what thearms inspectors did and what they learned, as ameans of testing the efficacy of “coercive disarma-ment,” which had never before been attempted.One distinctive feature of her research is first-handinterviews with UNSCOM inspectors.
To date, Sloane’s experience with inspectors hasbeen positive. She says that UNSCOM membershave been reasonably forthcoming, although theyclearly do not want to embarrass governments thatsupplied materials used in Iraq’s biologicalweapons program.
A native of New York City, Sloane majored inU.S. Studies at Swarthmore College in Pennsylva-nia. She worked at the Council on Foreign Rela-tions from 1996 to 1997 and in the Washingtonoffice of the late Senator Daniel P. Moynihan(F’49) from 1997 to 1999. She spent the summerbetween her first and second years at Fletcher at thePentagon in the Office of Peacekeeping andHumanitarian Affairs.
For her dissertation, Sloane is working under
Alumni Establish Association for the Middle East by Walid Chamoun (F’00)
An alumni association for the Middle East is being formed by Fletcher graduates. The aim of the Middle EastAlumni Association (MEAA) is to extend the intellectual and social experiences of the Medford campus bycreating an interactive environment for all Fletcher graduates who are from or are interested in the MiddleEast. The organization will include in its membership Fletcher degree and non-degree alumni, Tufts under-graduates and graduates, and friends of The Fletcher School. The preliminary objectives of the MEAA are to:
• Organize Fletcher alumni originating from the 22 Arab countries, Iran, Israel, and Turkey;
• Build connections among alumni living in the Middle East and around the world, and strengthen their ties and commitment to The Fletcher School;
• Create venues for Middle East alumni to reconnect with The Fletcher School, its programs, faculty, and staff, and to plan events that represent and help raise awareness of The Fletcher School;
• Support Fletcher by expanding its mission and goals to the Middle East in the area of academia, admis-sions, internships and job placement, alumni relations, and resource development.
An Interest Survey Form, a Membership Form and a letter from the dean have been mailed to alumni resid-ing in the Middle East or with interest in the region.
If you would like to assist with the MEAA or receive a mailing, please contact Walid G. Chamoun (F’00) [email protected].
1 1
Her interest in biological weapons has ledMargaret Sloane to focus her research on UNweapons inspections in Iraq in the 1990s.
Recent Publications
1 2
Fa c u lt y
Steven Block and Paul Vaaler. “The Price of Democracy: Sovereign Risk Ratings, Bond Spreads and Political Business Cycles in Developing Countries.” Journal of International Money and Finance, 22, no. 3 (forthcoming, 2003).
Theodore Eliot, Jr. “American in need of true leadership.” Santa Rosa (California) Press Democrat, 23 February 2003.
Michael Glennon. “How War Left the Law Behind.” The New York Times, 21 November 2002.
—-. Presidential Power to Wage War Against Iraq, 6 The Green Bag 183 (Winter 2003).
—-. “The UN Security Council in a Unipolar World.” Foreign Affairs,May/June 2003.
Lawrence Harrison. “The rich-poor gap: If Brazil can address it, US can and should.” The Christian Science Monitor, 13 January 2003.
Alan Henrikson. “Distance and Foreign Policy: A Political Geography Approach.” International Political Science Review/Revue internationale de science politique 23, no. 4 (October 2002): 437-66.
Robert Hudec. “The Adequacy of WTO Dispute Settlement Remedies: A Developing Country Perspective.” In Development, Trade and the WTO: A Handbook, edited by Bernard Hoekman, Aaditya Mattoo, and Philip English. Washington, DC: The World Bank, 2002.
Ian Johnstone. Security Council deliberations: The power of the better argument, European Journal of International Law (forthcoming, 2003).
—-. The role of the Secretary-General: the power of persuasion based on law, Global Governance (forthcoming, 2003).
Lawrence Sussskind, William Moomaw, and Kevin Gallagher, eds. Transboundary Environmental Negotiation: New Approaches to Global Cooperation. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass, 2002.
Bernard Simonin and J. Ruth. “Brought to You by Brand A and Brand B: Investigating Multiple Sponsors’ Influence on Consumers’ Attitudes toward Sponsored Events.” Journal of Advertising (forthcoming).
—- and J. Salk. “Beyond Alliances: Towards a Meta-Theory of Collaborative Learning.” In Handbook on Organizational Learning (Chapter 11), edited by M. Esterby-Smith and M. Lyles. Blackwell Publishers (forthcoming).
—- and J. Rialp. Freixenet Multimedia Case: The Australian Challenge. CD-Rom Integrated Case, ISBN 0-7421-3272-2, 2002.
W. Scott Thompson. “A Paradise Lost to War on Terror.” The Los Angeles Times, 16 October 2002.
Peter Uvin. “Gacaca.” In Handbook for Reconciliation Programs, edited by Luc Huyse. Stockholm: International Institute for Democracy and Electoral Assistance (IDEA), 2002.
Lee McKnight, Paul Vaaler, Burkhard Schrage (F'98), and Raul Katz. "Innovation and Creative Destruction in Emerging Markets: The Impact of State Commitments on Privatizing Telecoms." In TPRC 2002 Conference Proceedings, edited by Lorrie Cranor and Steven Wildman. Cambridge, MA:MIT Press (forthcoming, 2003).
Gerry McNamara, Paul Vaaler, and Cynthia Devers. “Same as it Ever Was: The Search for Evidence of Increasing Hypercompetition.” Strategic Manage-ment Journal 24, no. 2 (forthcoming, 2003).
John Koliopoulos, Thanos Veremis, Giannes Koliopoulos. Greece: A Modern Sequel. New York: New York University Press, 2002.
Alan Wachman. “Yiguo, liangzhi (one country, two systems).” In Encyclope-dia of Contemporary Chinese Culture, edited by Edward Davis. Routledge,(forthcoming 2003).
—-. “The Cold War of Words in Cross-Strait Relations.” Orbis 45, no. 4 (Fall 2002): 695-711.
—-. “Credibility and the U.S. Defense of Taiwan: Nullifying the Notion of a ‘Taiwan Threat’.” Issues and Studies 38, no. 1 (March 2002): 200-229.
A l u m n i
Ben Ball (F’02). “Turkish Support May Be Illusory.” The Los Angeles Times, 10 October 2002.
—-. “An uneasy American in Seoul.” The Christian Science Monitor, 18 December 2002.
C. Fred Bergsten (F’62) and Inbom Choi, eds. The Korean Diaspora in the World Economy. Washington, DC: Institute for International Economics, 2003.
Deborah Bräutigam (F’82). “Building Leviathan: Revenue, State Capacity, and Governance.” In The New Politics of Taxation and Accountability, edited by Lise Rakner and Mick Moore. Sussex, UK: Institute for Develop-ment Studies Bulletin, 33, no. 3 (July 2002).
Dan Fahey (F’02). “Bush’s Visionary Seers.” Alternet, www.alternet.org, 3 October 2002.
Mark Feierstein (F’87), co-author. “Hindering Reform in Latin America.” The Washington Post, 6 August 2002.
—-. “Contraction Diplomacy.” Elysian Fields Quarterly: The Baseball Review, Summer 2002.
Rachel Guglielmo (F’96). Monitoring the EU: Minority Protection, VolumesI & II, Case Studies in Selected Member States. Open Society Institute, EU Accession Monitoring Program, 2002.
—-. Monitoring the EU: Judicial Capacity. Open Society Institute, EU Accession Monitoring Program, 2002.
—-. Monitoring the EU: Accession Process: Corruption and Anti-corruption Policy. Open Society Institute, EU Accession Monitoring Program, 2002.
The cover says it all. In the fall of 2000, one year before theSeptember 11 terrorist attacksin the United States, TheFletcher Forum published aset of articles entitled “Peacein Afghanistan.” Among thecontributors was the man whois now Foreign Minister of thecountry, . . It was not the firsttime that The Fletcher Forum wasout in front of the pack, eyeing keyissues before the others.
For more than 25 years, The FletcherForum of World Affairs has been there,providing cutting-edge opinions, researchand book reviews on the most importanttopics of the day. Whatever issue you careabout—be it peacekeeping in the Balkans,the threat of global warming, or corruptionin Southeast Asia—The Fletcher Forum covers it with articles from the world’smost authoritative sources. Past contributors have included UN Secretary-General , former Philippines President , andformer U.S. National Security Advisor .
This is not just the same old foreign policy verbiage. As the official journal ofThe Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy, a renowned graduate school offoreign affairs in Boston, Massachusetts, The Forum infuses the most topicalissues in international relations with a unique, interdisciplinary view of theworld. The Forum is sold to international affairs enthusiasts, diplomats, andpolicy makers in dozens of countries.
Subscribe Today!Subscribe to The Fletcher Forum by credit card by visiting our new website at .. or by sending a $20 check to The Fletcher Forum, The Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy, Medford, MA, USA 02155.
The
The Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy, Tufts University W
inter 2001 Vol. 25:1 $11.00 USA
Peace in Afghanistan?
A. Abdullah, A
bdul Hakim Mujahid, P
eter Tomsen
The Korean Rapprochement
Stephen W. B
osworth, Sung Chul Yang
Technology and Globalization
Peter Cukor, Lee M
cKnight, Robert Grosse, Juan Ya�es,
Ferdinand Tesoro, Jack Tootson, Gordon M
itchell
Latin America in 2001
Leonardo Vivas, Luis Carlos Ugalde, S
tephen Kim Park
C o m m e n t a r y o n G l o b a l H o t S p o t s
Miroslav Prce—bosnia and herzegovina
Judith Yaphe—The Middle East
Epaminondas Marias—Greece and Turkey
of World Affairs
F l e t c h e r N e w s
Tomohisa Hattori (F’83). “Reconceptualizing Foreign Aid.” Review of International Political Economy 8, no. 4 (Winter 2001): 633-660.
Robert Hormats (F’66). “America must find the money to afford a war.” Financial Times, 27 January 2003.
Neil Hughes (F’65). China’s Economic Challenge: Smashing the Iron Rice Bowl. Armonk, NY: M.E. Sharpe, 2002.
Matthew Levitt (F’95). “Stemming the Flow of Terrorist Financing: Practical and Conceptual Challenges,” Fletcher Forum of World Affairs 27, no. 1 (Winter/Spring 2003).
—-. “The Zarqawi Node in the Terror Matrix: Linking the Terrorists.” National Review Online, 6 February 2003.
—. "Iranian State Sponsorship of Terrorism," The Encyclopedia of World Terrorism, forthcoming.
—. Targeting Terror: U.S. Policy Toward Middle Eastern State Sponsors andTerrorist Organizations, Post-September 11. Washington, DC: The Washington Institute for Near East Policy, 2002.
Seongho Sheen (F’93) and Toshi Yoshihara (Ph.D. candidate). “Talking with N. Korea: It’s Worth a Try.” The Los Angeles Times, 28 July 2002.
Shashi Tharoor (F’76). “In Defense of Gabfests.” The New York Times, 29 July 2002.
—-. “Man of the World.” The Hindu, 29 September 2002.
Chris Johnson, William Maley, Alexander Thier (F’01), and Ali Wardak. Afghanistan’s Political and Constitutional Development. London: Overseas Development Institute, 2003.
Harlan Ullman (F’72). Unfinished Business. New York: Kensington Publish-ing, Co., 2002.
Anthony Wanis-St. John (F’96). Expand the Pie. Castle Pacific, 2003.
Richard Wise (F'02). "Who Was Enron's and WorldCom's Ultimate Guardian of Investor and Corporate Accountability? A New Paradigm for Director Liability." Utilities Industry Litigation Reporter, 27 August 2002.
— and John Whyte. "Balance the powers." The National Law Journal, 5 August 2002.
— and John Whyte. "Empowering the Watchdog." U.S. Business Review, August 2002: 8-11.
Walter Wriston (F’42). “A Code of Our Own.” The Wall Street Journal, 16 January 2003.
St u d e n t s a n d F e l l o w s
Eric Dahl (F’04). “Network Centric Warfare and the Death of Operational Art.” Defence Studies 2, no. 1 (Spring 2002): 1-24.
Syed Waqar Hasib (F’03). “Iraq war: A new bin Laden?” The San Francisco Examiner, 9 October 2002.
James Holmes (F’98 and Ph.D. candidate). “Invading Iraq: US Imperialism?” The Boston Globe, 14 November 2002.
—-. “Be a Straight Shooter When One’s Needed.” The Los Angeles Times, 6 December 2002.
Wilma Suen (F’98). “Alliance Strategy and the Fall of Swissair.” Air Transport Management 8, September 2002: 355-363.
Toshi Yoshihara (Ph.D. candidate) and James Holmes (F’98 and Ph.D. candidate). “Get Those Missiles to Taiwan.” Far Eastern Economic Review, 5 September 2002.
1 3
A t h e n s
Marilena Griva (F’02)
Thomas Varvitsiotis (F’99)
Marilena Griva andThomas Varvitsiotis areorganizing a Fletcher alumniclub in Athens. If you are inthe area, please contact themto find out more about one ofFletcher’s newest alumniclubs.
A t l a n ta
Wendy Gutierrez (F’96)
wgutierrez@
mindspring.com
For information aboutupcoming events for membersof Fletcher’s Atlanta club,please contact WendyGutierrez.
B a n g k o k
Kusuma Snitwongse
(F’57)
If you are in Bangkok andwould like to get in touchwith other alumni, pleasecontact Kusuma Snit-wongse.
B e i j i n g
Stephane Grand (F’98)
Mosud Mannan (F’89)
Stephane Grand andMosud Mannan havestepped forward to help leadFletcher’s alumni club in Bei-jing. Please contact them ifyou are in the region andwould like to know moreabout the club’s activities.
B o s t o n
Farah Pandith (F’95)
farahpandith@
smith.alumnae.net
Website:
www.fletcherclubof
boston.org
The Fletcher Club of Boston ispreparing for some changesin leadership as this issue goesto press, so it’s a great time foralumni to step forward to vol-unteer for the organization.The club will hold its semi-annual meeting to elect newofficers in the latter half ofMay. Please visit the club’snew website for more infor-mation on this meeting, otherupcoming events, and mem-bership.
B r u s s e l s
Katrina Destree (F’95)
katrinadestree@
hotmail.com
Jan-Philipp Görtz (F’98)
Jeroen Cooreman (F’97)has been reassigned to Kabul,Afghanistan for a few monthsprior to a new posting inBangkok, Thailand. KatrinaDestree has stepped forwardto assist with club organiza-tion. If you are in Brusselsand would like to participatein alumni club activities,please contact KatrinaDestree or Jan-PhilippGörtz.
B u d a p e s t
Anita Orban (F’01)
Tom Schwieters (F’97)
Anita Orban, has arrivedback in Budapest brimming
with ideas of how to spice upactivities for the Budapestclub, a joint group of alumnifrom Fletcher, SAIS, theWoodrow Wilson School atPrinceton, and the GenevaGraduate Institute of Interna-tional Studies. In addition toresuming the usual eveningdinner/discussions, the clubwould like to broaden itsmembership to includeFletcher alumni not residentin but with strong ties to Hun-gary. For more informationon activities planned foralumni in Budapest and theregion, please contact AnitaOrban or Tom Schwieters.
C h i c a g o
Daniela Ciuca (F’99)
H. Jürgen Hess (F’86)
The Fletcher Club of Chicagois now holding bi-monthlymeetings. At each meeting amember of the Fletcher com-munity will talk about theirinternational work experiencein the Chicagoland area. Formore information, contact H.Jürgen Hess.
C h i l e
Andres Montero (F’85)
German Olave (F’97)
The Fletcher Club of Chilekicked off their new groupwith a gathering on 12 Sep-tember 2002. If you are inChile and would like to partic-ipate in one of Fletcher’snewest clubs, please contactAndres Montero or Ger-man Olave .
1 4
H o n g K o n g
Tara Holeman (F’97)
If you are in Hong Kong andwould like to connect withother Fletcher alumni, pleasecontact Tara Holeman.
H o u s t o n
Jamil Al Dandany (F’87)
jamil.dandany@
aramcoservices.com
“Houston, we have a leader!”Jamil Al Dandany hasstepped forward as the alumnicontact for the greater Hous-ton area. If you live or worknear Houston, or frequentlyvisit, please contact Jamil ashe organizes activities foralumni in the region.
L o n d o n
Cynthia Valianti Corbett
(F’78)
Jonathan Shulman (F’97)
If you are interested in orga-nizing or participating inalumni activities in London,please contact CynthiaValianti Corbett orJonathan Shulman.
M a l ay s i a
Shah Azmi (F’86)
Please contact Shah Azmi ifyou are interested in assistingor in participating in clubactivities in Malaysia.
M i d d l e E a s t
Walid Chamoun (F’00)
chamoun@
alumni.tufts.edu
One of the primary goals ofFletcher’s new Middle EastAlumni Association is to offera forum to bring togetheralumni from, living in, andinterested in the 22 Arabcountries, Iran, Israel, andTurkey. If you would likeinformation on how to getinvolved in the association,contact Walid Chamoun.(Please see the article on theMiddle East Alumni Associa-tion on p. 11.)
N e w Yo r k
Philip Aquilino (F’96)
E-mail:
info@fletcheralumniny.
com
Website:
www.fletcheralumniny.
com
ClubNews
Classmates Mike P. Sullivan (F’00) and Gibran X. Rivera (F’00)are reunited at the Boston club’s holiday party in December.
F l e t c h e r N e w s
1 5
The Fletcher Club of New Yorkis seeking new board mem-bers and members-at-largewho can assist with eventplanning. If you would like tobecome a member of the clubor for details on upcomingactivities, please visit the clubwebsite.
O r e g o n
Susan Williams (F’00)
susanmwilliams@
yahoo.com
Michael Zwirn (F’01)
E-mail:
fletcheroregon@
yahoogroups.com
For more information aboutthe Oregon club, please con-tact Susan Williams orMichael Zwirn.
Pa r i s
Julien Naginski (F’93)
Rebecca Wettemann
(F’97)
rwettemann@
nucleusresearch.com
Marie-France Houde(F’73) hosted a reception inNovember for alumni andSenior Associate Dean Debo-rah Nutter and members ofthe Office of Career Servicesstaff. Dean Bosworth will be inParis for an alumni event onthe evening of 4 June 2003, soplease save the date. Details ofthe event will be mailed soon.To find out about otherupcoming club events, pleasecontact Julien Naginski orRebecca Wettemann.
P h i l a d e l p h i a
Ernest Wright, Jr. (F’94)
wrightea@
pobox.upenn.edu
Please contact ErnestWright for more informationon the Philadelphia club.
S a n F r a n c i s co
Liz Kerton (F’98)
elizabeth@
fletcher.alumlink.com
Website:
http://groups.yahoo.com
/group/fletcher-west-
SFBA/
E-mail:
fletcher-west-SFBA@
yahoogroups.com
Members of the San FranciscoBay Area (FletcherWest-SFBA)are invited to join the WorldAffairs Council of NorthernCalifornia at a substantiallydiscounted rate, thanks to thepersuasive efforts of OlafGroth (F’95). Please call theCouncil’s membership coordi-nator at 415-293-4686 to join.
S ã o Pa u l o
Paulo Bilyk (F’92)
If you are in Brazil and wouldlike to get in touch with otherFletcher alumni, please con-tact Paulo Bilyk.
S e a t t l e
Julie Bennion (F’01)
julie.bennion@
fletcher.alumlink.com
Several members of the Seattleclub met in October to strate-gize about the club. If youwould like to help organizethe next club event or justwant information on upcom-
ing club activities in Seattle,please contact Julie Ben-nion.
S e o u l
Eunha Chang (F’01)
eunha_chang@
hotmail.com
Junsik Ahn(F’00)
On 2 October 2002, recentFletcher graduates gottogether to welcome BenBall (F’02), presently a LuceScholar working at a KoreanNGO. The Korea Club alsohad an end-of-year party on19 November 2002, where, atthe request of club presidentChungwon Kang (F’78),Bongok Kim (F’74) pre-sented his views on the presi-dential election.
Yunju Ko (F’99) hasrecently moved to DC for athree-year assignment at theKorean Embassy. The newclub secretaries are Eun HaChang and Junsik Ahn.
S i n g a p o r e
Syetarn Hansakul (F’88)
Twenty-five Fletcher and Tuftsalumni and business and gov-ernment officials attended aluncheon on 18 January inhonor of Dean Bosworth. Theevent was hosted by Joan andGary Bergstrom; Joan is analumna and trustee of TuftsUniversity.
S w i t z e r l a n d
Mauricio Cysne (F’93)
Marion Harroff-Tavel(F’76) and her husbandhosted a reception at their
home in November to wel-come Senior Associate DeanDeborah Nutter and staffmembers from the Office ofCareer Services. Philippeand Barbara Truan (F’89,F’90) hosted the annual clubholiday party in December. Allalumni in Switzerland areencouraged to participate inthe Second Annual FletcherSymposium at Tufts’ Euro-pean Center in Talloires,France from 6-8 June 2003.For more information onactivities of the Fletcher Clubof Switzerland, please contactMauricio Cysne.
Ta i p e i
Paul Hsu (F’65)
Chao-yang Lu (F’97)
The largest Taiwan alumnireception in recent years washeld to welcome DeanBosworth’s first visit to Taipeilast March. More than 20alumni from Fletcher classes1966 to 2001 gathered andpromised to work towardestablishing a more activeTaipei club in 2003. For moreinformation about the club,contact Chao-yang Lu.
To k y o
Aya Konishi Abe (F’91)
Mariko Noda (F’90)
The Fletcher Japan AlumniGroup continues to seek activeparticipants. Those interestedin getting involved with plan-ning events are encouraged tocontact Mariko Noda orAya Abe.
W a s h i n g t o n , D C
T. Colum Garrity (F’98)
E-mail:
Website:
www.fletcherclubofdc.org
Members of the FletcherAlumni Association of Wash-ington, DC are busy organiz-ing Fletcher’s 70thAnniversary Gala at the Orga-nization of American States’Hall of the Americas, set for 18October 2003. Other clubevents continue to take placein the meantime. For detailson upcoming club activities,membership, or the gala,please visit the club’s website.
Alumni in Singapore have had several opportunities to gatherover the past six months. This photo was taken at an event inNovember 2002.
2 6
Kingsley Hamil ton (F ’34)
a member of Fletcher’s first graduating class,passed away on 20 January 2003 at the age of 91. Aformer Foreign Service officer and analyst for theDefense Intelligence Agency, Kingsley held a num-ber of other positions within the U.S. State Depart-ment and the U.S. Air Force during his career. Hewas born and raised in the Philippines, where hisparents were missionaries, and he attended the Col-lege of Wooster in Ohio. In addition to studying atWooster and at Fletcher, Kingsley attended the Uni-versity of Zürich and the University of Strasbourg.He was active in his church and belonged to severalclubs, including the Cosmos Club. He leaves hissecond wife, two children, two siblings, and fivegrandchildren.
Ralph Jones (F ’39)
died on 10 February 2003 in Nazareth, Pennsylva-nia at age 84. Ralph graduated from PennsylvaniaState University in 1938 and obtained his MA atFletcher the following year. He served in the Armyin World War II, and spent 29 years in the U.S. For-eign Service. During the 1960s he served as deputydirector of the Office of U.S.-U.S.S.R. Exchanges forthe State Department in DC. After retiring from theState Department, he worked for the ConservationFoundation and for the Gallup Poll in DC. Amonghis avocational interests, Ralph was a member ofthe National Cathedral Association in Washingtonand volunteered for Habitat for Humanity. Ralph issurvived by his son, Philip.
George Read (F ’39)
husband of Julia Read (F’39), died on 2 August2002. No further information was available at thetime of publication.
Clemens Hel ler (F ’45)
died on 30 August 2002 in Lausanne, Switzerlandat the age of 85. Clemens was born in Vienna andemigrated with his family to the U.S. in 1938. Hewas best known for establishing the Salzburg Semi-nar, a meeting point for intellectuals from the U.S.and Europe following World War II.
I N M E M O R I A M
Merr i l l Ber throng (F ’47)
died on 14 January 2003 at his home in Winston-Salem, North Carolina. A double Jumbo, Merrillreceived his BA from Tufts College and, followingthree years with the U.S. Army Air Corps, went on tocomplete his MA at Fletcher. During his militarycareer he flew missions as a B-24 Liberator co-pilotand earned the rank of Captain in the Air Corps.Merrill earned a PhD in history at the University ofPennsylvania in 1958, and spent most of his careerin academia as Director of Libraries and AssociateProfessor of History at Wake Forest University inWinston-Salem. Merrill leaves his wife, three sons,and eight grandchildren.
Phi l ip Br idgham (F ’47)
died on 4 January 2003 in Rockville, Maryland atage 81. Philip received his MA and PhD at Fletcher,and taught at the University of Hawaii and Dickin-son College before working as a China specialist forthe Central Intelligence Agency from 1952-84. Hehad served in World War II as a Navy intelligenceofficer. Philip taught Japanese studies at the Insti-tute for Learning in Retirement at American Uni-versity after retiring from the CIA. He is survived byhis wife, two children, and two grandchildren.
Geraldine Doon (F ’48)
wife of James Doon (F’48), died on 6 November2002 in Alexandria, Virginia. Geraldine attendedthe University of Nebraska and received her MAfrom Fletcher, after which she joined the ForeignService for a few years. She worked for a number ofdifferent organizations during her career, includingthe U.S. Department of Education and the Alexan-dria Art League Gallery, and worked as a substanceabuse counselor in Fairfax County and Alexandria.Geraldine also served on the boards of several localservice organizations. She leaves her husband, twochildren, and four grandchildren.
Mathew Qui l ter, J r. (F ’55)
died on 24 February 2002. Over the course of hiscareer, Mathew worked as an executive for sub-sidiaries of the Exxon Corporation in Argentina,Italy, Germany, and Chile. A graduate of ManhattanCollege, he received his MA from Fletcher. Mathewis survived by his wife and his children, includingson Peter Quilter (F’92) of Washington, DC.
Owen Quatt lebaum (F ’58)
former husband of Poppy Quattlebaum (F’59), diedof cancer on 18 December 2002 at his home inSanta Fe, New Mexico. Owen received his BA fromthe University of Georgia and his MA and MALD atFletcher. His last position, which he held for fouryears, was senior vice president and CIO of AvalonTrust Company in Santa Fe. He had previouslyserved in New York as senior vice president, man-ager, of the Institutional Investment Division of theBank of New York and as manager of PersonalReview Services at Brown Brothers Harriman &Company. Owen was a trustee of the Santa FeChamber Music Festival and a director of the Step-pingstone Foundation. He leaves his second wife,stepson, and two step-granddaughters.
Edgar Bottome (F ’60)
died on 22 January 2003 at Tufts New EnglandMedical Center. He earned his BA at Vanderbilt Uni-versity and MA and PhD at Fletcher, and served as asecond lieutenant in the U.S. Army in the early1960s in Stuttgart, Germany. During the VietnamWar, Edgar joined the anti-war movement, andbecame widely known for his activism. Edgartaught history at a number of institutions, includ-ing Boston University, Goddard College, and theUniversity of Cincinnati. At Goddard College, hehelped to create the nation’s first long-distance MAprogram. Edgar also authored three books on thesubject of military and political policy. He is sur-vived by his wife and two children.
Rober t Horn I I I (F ’65)
died on 29 October 2002 after a fourteen-year battlewith amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), or LouGehrig’s disease. Bob was born in Pennsylvania andattended Wittenberg University in Ohio. He earnedhis MA, MALD, and PhD at Fletcher, where hefocused his studies on the Soviet Union. Bob spenthis career as a professor of political science at Cali-fornia State University, Northridge, retiring in 1991due to his illness. Diagnosed with ALS in 1988, Bobstayed active in mind and spirit throughout his lifedespite his declining health. He maintained hisinterest in political science, wrote scholarly articlesand articles for his church bulletins, and advocatedfor the rights of the terminally ill and disabled. Hewrote two books on the subject – the first was pub-
lished in 1997; the second in 2001. Throughout hislife, Bob was noted for his great sense of humor. Tohis Fletcher classmates, as well as everyone aroundhim, Bob was also a source of great inspiration andhope. In the words of classmate Larry Struve (F’65),“He accomplished more in his incapacitated condi-tion than many people accomplish who have all oftheir faculties.” Bob is survived by his wife, threechildren, two grandchildren, his mother, and twosiblings.
Allen Stol tz fus (F ’67)
died unexpectedly on 30 September 2002. Allen wasthe president and founder of Fairfield LanguageTechnologies in Harrisonburg, Virginia.
Rober t Kramer (F ’6 8)
retired U.S. Air Force colonel, died on 25 June 2002in Colorado Springs, Colorado. Bob was a graduateof Colorado College, and focused on Soviet politicaland military affairs while earning his MA andMALD at Fletcher. He spent 32 years in the Air Force,stationed at posts around the U.S. and around theworld, including his favorite tour of duty as anassistant air attaché in the former U.S.S.R. Hereturned to Moscow after retiring from the Air Forceto establish an educational program in free marketeconomics for teenagers. He is survived by his wife,two children, three grandchildren, and eight sib-lings.
Mark Ice (F ’87)
died on 17 March 2003 in Geneva, Switzerland,after a long battle with cancer. Mark was born inBerkeley, California, the son of a campus pastor. In1971 he graduated from St. Olaf’s College in Min-nesota, then entered the Peace Corps, serving inAfghanistan from 1971-74. His career with refugeesstarted in 1975, when he worked for LutheranWorld Federation Refugee Programs at Ft. Chaffee,Camp Pendleton and then in New York with theLutheran Immigration and Refugee Service until1978. Later that year he moved to Malaysia wherehe met his wife-to-be, Rosemary, while working forChurch World Service.
From 1980 to 1985 Mark and Rosemary lived inPeshawar, Pakistan, where Mark worked for the
F l e t c h e r N e w s
2 7
breakfasted in the Thoreau Room of the ConcordInn! Tolstoy and Gandhi, too, are progenitors ofstrategies that, in our own time, have made coordi-nated and massed “people power” and other formsof non-violent resistance such a powerful force forchange, generally for the better, in many parts inthe world – from India to the Philippines, to south-ern Africa, to eastern Europe, and elsewhere. Thiscould be linked theoretically to the “democraticpeace” idea, according to which democraticallyorganized societies, as a rule, are less likely to fighteach other, and are more disposed to cooperate.This theory-based but also history-grounded expec-tation could be a premise of the next “world order.”
One can thus see history unfolding. As the Classof 1947 president, Haydn Williams, commentedafter the discussion, the very concept of “history”has the story element built into it. History is mean-ingful in part because it is sequential, and notwholly chaotic. Our ideas of world order persistbecause of the perdurance of memory, and theyevolve because of changing circumstances. Whilethe specific story-lines, or narratives, of world orderspeculation and diplomatic construction are, ofcourse, not predictable, the general lines of worldorder progression, to a degree, can be projected.World order does have a story, or generative myth.And event-formed generations (that of the Class of1947 and also Charles Chester’s), looking as theydo both backward and forward from their uniquevantages in historical time, are among its besttellers, and even foretellers.
Editor: Megan V. Brachtl
Contributors: Terry Ann Knopf, Alan K. Henrikson, Mariya Rasner (F’03), Charles Edwards (F’47), ElizabethW. Rowe (F’83), Walid Chamoun (F’00)
Design and Production: Furtado Communication Design
Photography: Michael Lutch, Len Rubenstein, J.D. Sloan, Robert Schoen
Office of Development and Alumni Relations: Kathleen Bobick, Staff Assistant; Megan V. Brachtl, Coordi-nator of Alumni Relations; Tara Lewis, Associate Director of Major Gifts; Roger A. Milici, Jr., Director; JuliaM. Motl, Annual Fund Coordinator; Elizabeth W. Rowe (F’83), Associate Director; Cynthia Weymouth,Administrative Assistant
Visit us on the web:
www.fletcher.tufts.edu/alumni
World order continued from page 5International Rescue Committee. After graduatingfrom Fletcher with his MALD in 1987, Mark andfamily moved to Jakarta where he worked for Savethe Children. He joined UNHCR in 1989 and servedin Peshawar, Nairobi, and Geneva.
Mark was diagnosed with melanoma in 1999which, despite treatment, returned in the summerof 2002.
Mark will be remembered for his positive atti-tude, his camaraderie, and his sense of humor. Heis survived by his wife, son and daughter, mother,stepmother, and five sisters and brothers. Mark’swife Rosemary is setting up a small fund in hisname to support a grass-roots project inAfghanistan, a country close to his heart. Friendsinterested in contributing to the project can contactthe UNHCR Staff Council at [email protected].
– Submitted by Judith Kumin (F’87)
Rober t Hudec
Research Professor of International Law at Fletcher,died on 12 March 2003 at age 68. An expert ininternational trade law, Bob’s research focused onthe World Trade Organization and the GeneralAgreement on Trade and Tariffs. Considered “one ofthe founding fathers of the academic study of inter-national trade law,” Bob collaborated with a num-ber of prominent international economists,practitioners, and academics during his four-decadelong career. He earned his law degree at Yale, andin 1972 joined the faculty of the University of Min-nesota. He began teaching at Fletcher in 2000. Bobis survived by his wife, two children, and five grand-children.
TUF TSThe Fletcher School
of Law and Diplomacy
Cabot 503
Medford, Massachusetts 02155
Address service requested
Return postage guaranteed
Nonprofit Org.U.S. Postage
P A I DBoston, MA
Permit No. 1161
Celebrate Fletcher’s 70th Anniversary in grand style18 October 2003
Celebrate Fletcher’s 70th Anniversary in grand style! On Saturday night, 18October 2003, Fletcher alumni and friends from across the globe will dancethe night away at The Fletcher School’s 70th Anniversary Gala at the Organi-zation of American States’ Hall of the Americas in Washington, DC. Theevening will include live music, an international dessert buffet, a silent auc-tion, and a special commemorative program.
Net proceeds from ticket sales and the silent auction will benefit The Fletcher School. Donations aretax deductible to the fullest extent of the law. Tickets are limited and are available at www.fletcherclubofdc.org/gala.
If you would like further information or are interested in helping with the organization of the event,contact David Schwartz (F’87), gala chairman, at [email protected].
Fletcher’s TalloiresSymposium
Second Annual European Alumni GatheringTalloires, France 6-8 June 2003
Come enjoy the invigorating mountain air, sooth-ing waters, and hearty cuisine of the Haute Savoiewhile joining Fletcher friends for an unforgettableexperience designed especially for you.
Visit www.fletcher.tufts.edu/alumni or contactthe Office of Development and Alumni Relationsat [email protected] or (001) 617 627 5440for more information.
Mark your calendarfor reunion!
16-18 May 2003
For more information on the schedule of events,visit www.fletcher.tufts.edu/alumni. To volunteer,please e-mail [email protected] or call (001) 617 627 5440.
A N N O U N C E M E N T S
Feeling out of the loop?Get back into it with the 2003 Fletcher Alumni Directory.
We are currently compiling information for Fletcher’s 70th anniversary special
edition alumni directory. If you have already updated your profile with Harris
Publishing, Fletcher's directory vendor, we thank you. If you have not yet done
so, please call 1-800-877-6554 (U.S./Canada) or e-mail inquiry@
bcharrispub.com to have a survey sent to you. The directory project helps
Fletcher keep its database up-to-date, and offers alumni a way to keep in touch.
Don't miss your chance to be included in this special edition!