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flexclock, a plastic clock written in oz with the qtk toolkit

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Université catholique de Louvain (UCL) Louvain Interaction Laboratory (LiLab) Place des Doyens, 1 B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve (Belgium) by FlexClock, a Plastic Clock Written in Oz with the QTk toolkit Donatien Grolaux, Peter Van Roy, & Jean Vanderdonckt Department of Computing Science and Engineering

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This paper focuses on the techniques involved in building an interactive application using a plastic user interface. These techniques take advantage of the QTk toolkit, a toolkit that features unusual but interesting concepts with respect to more classical object-oriented toolkits. These features are possible thanks to the underlying programming language used, Oz. In particular, it can support all facilities provided by symbolic records like XML structures and more than that. It also exhibits the capacity to wrap any languages entities into higher order data structures. This paper shows by a case study how the combination of QTk and Oz helps developers write plastic user interface very easily.

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Page 1: FlexClock, a Plastic Clock Written in Oz with the QTk toolkit

Université catholique de Louvain (UCL)Louvain Interaction Laboratory (LiLab)Place des Doyens, 1B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve (Belgium)

by

FlexClock, a Plastic Clock Writtenin Oz with the QTk toolkit

Donatien Grolaux, Peter Van Roy, &Jean Vanderdonckt

Department of Computing Science and Engineering

Page 2: FlexClock, a Plastic Clock Written in Oz with the QTk toolkit

What interface builders can do

Difference between « what application needs » and « what interface builder offer »

Page 3: FlexClock, a Plastic Clock Written in Oz with the QTk toolkit

Code generators

From declarative specifications– « What » instead of « how to ».– Limited to UI known before the execution of

the application.– Artificial gate between declaration part and

imperative part

Page 4: FlexClock, a Plastic Clock Written in Oz with the QTk toolkit

QTk approach

Mixing declarative and imperative approaches inside the same programming language :– User can choose between « what » and « how to » :– Where QTk offers a declarative support, e.g. at GUI

construction.– As they see best fit their purpose.

Programming language requirement :– Inline declarations of arbitrary parameters ⇒

symbolic data structure with a dictionary structure (key → value)

Page 5: FlexClock, a Plastic Clock Written in Oz with the QTk toolkit

Mozart

Oz records :label(feature1:value1 … featureX:valueX)

Full language support :– Label extraction/replacement– Add/remove/replace one/many feature(s)– Iteration on features– Transformation into/from list– …

Good candidates for declarative specifications of GUIs

Page 6: FlexClock, a Plastic Clock Written in Oz with the QTk toolkit

QTk example (1)

td(lr(label(text:"Enter your name") entry(handle:E)) button(text:"Ok" action:Ok))  ... {E set(text:"Type here")} ... Result={E get(text:$)}

Page 7: FlexClock, a Plastic Clock Written in Oz with the QTk toolkit

QTk example (2)

placeholder(handle:P)

…

{P set(label(text:"Hello"))}

…

{P set(label(text:“World"))}

Page 8: FlexClock, a Plastic Clock Written in Oz with the QTk toolkit

FlexClock

What’s FlexClock? Information needed to define a view :

– UI construction declaration– Update procedure– Size information

17 views = 60 declarative lines + 40 imperative lines View specification code sample :

r(desc: label(handle:H1 glue:nswe bg:white) refresh: proc{$ T} {H1 set(text:{FmtTime T})} end area: 40#10)

Page 9: FlexClock, a Plastic Clock Written in Oz with the QTk toolkit

FlexClock: different views

Page 10: FlexClock, a Plastic Clock Written in Oz with the QTk toolkit

FlexClock: calendar widget

UI declared using Oz's natural data structures : records and lists  ⇒complete language support for creation/manipulation at runtime.

lr(label(text:"Mo") label(text:"Tu") ... label(text:"Su") newline

lrline(glue:we) lrline(glue:we) ... lrline(glue:we) newline

empty label(text: "1") ... label(text: "6") newline

label(bg:black fg:white text:"7") ... label(text:"13") newline

label(text:"14") label(text:"15") ... label(text:"20") newline

label(text:"21") label(text:"22") ... label(text:"27") newline

label(text:"28") label(text:"29") label(text:"30"))

Page 11: FlexClock, a Plastic Clock Written in Oz with the QTk toolkit

Definition of view

Page 12: FlexClock, a Plastic Clock Written in Oz with the QTk toolkit

Software Probe for Plasticity (G. Calvary)

Page 13: FlexClock, a Plastic Clock Written in Oz with the QTk toolkit

Probe

Initial purpose: software mechanism that is responsible to detect any change of the context of use

FlexClock:– No probe into the

functional core– Event generated

when size changes

proc{Place} WW={QTk.wInfo width(P)} WH={QTk.wInfo height(P)} _#Handle={List.foldRInd Views

fun{$ I W#H#Handle Max#CH} This=(W-WW)*(W-WW)+(H-

WH)*(H-WH)in if W<WW andthen H<WH

andthen (Max==inf orelse

This<Max) then

This#Handle else Max#CH endendinf#local (_#_#H)|_=Views in H

end} in {P set(Handle)} end {P bind(event:'<Configure>'

action:Place)}

Page 14: FlexClock, a Plastic Clock Written in Oz with the QTk toolkit

Plasticity domain

Initial definitionFlexClock

Page 15: FlexClock, a Plastic Clock Written in Oz with the QTk toolkit

Current and Next Contexts

Initial definition: they respectively capture the current context of use and the one that will be produced after some detection of a change

FlexClock:– No current context– Next context: is directly computed, but not

stored

Page 16: FlexClock, a Plastic Clock Written in Oz with the QTk toolkit

Selection rules

Initial definition: reaction to a change of context, selecting the most appropriate– Prologue– Reaction– Epilogue

FlexClock:– No prologue– Computation of a new layout resulting from the

change of window size– No epilogue

Page 17: FlexClock, a Plastic Clock Written in Oz with the QTk toolkit

Calculation of the reaction

(d1,d2)

(x,y)

(x,y)

(x,y)

Page 18: FlexClock, a Plastic Clock Written in Oz with the QTk toolkit

Calculation of the reactionproc{Place} WW={QTk.wInfo width(P)} WH={QTk.wInfo height(P)} _#Handle={List.foldRInd Views

fun{$ I W#H#Handle Max#CH} This=(W-WW)*(W-WW)+(H-

WH)*(H-WH)in if W<WW andthen H<WH

andthen (Max==inf orelse

This<Max) then

This#Handle else Max#CH endendinf#local (_#_#H)|_=Views in H

end} in {P set(Handle)} end {P bind(event:'<Configure>'

action:Place)}

Selection rule

Code which changesThe new layout

Returns the handle of theNew layout

Page 19: FlexClock, a Plastic Clock Written in Oz with the QTk toolkit

History mechanism

Initial definition: it records context transitions along with their migration costs as the user runs the system

FlexClock: none

Page 20: FlexClock, a Plastic Clock Written in Oz with the QTk toolkit

Conclusion

FlexClock is– Plastic– Multi-platform– Generated at run-time– Uses the software probe


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