flight department 1 a research and a result barcelona october 2003 capt. cor blokzijl, aero lloyd 10...
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Flight Department 1
A Research and a A Research and a ResultResult
Barcelona October 2003Capt. Cor Blokzijl, Aero Lloyd
10th Airbus Flight Safety Conference
Flight Department 3
ESSAI research, ......WHY?
Enhanced Safety through Situation Awareness Integration intraining.
80 % of all incidents & accidents have Human Factor as contributing factor
88% of these are due to Situation Awareness or loss of SA
We should do something about this !
Flight Department 4
An European research :
• Investigate the role of SA & Crisis Management
• How to deal with growing complexity of highly
integrated systems
• Offer potential training solutions for:
1. Maintaining & recovering SA
2. Perform Threat Management (TM)
Flight Department 5
Research constrain :
Human factors produce psychological terminology forphenomena, but.........
• These notions are supposed to speak for themselves, but.... nobody dares to ask the actual meaning.• These notions are far to general, without specification.
Therefore the result of the research must be in „PILOT Language“.Only then the user knows what it means!
• Training has to fit into existing training and not increase cost nor operational time
Flight Department 6
Research :
Training Analysis Methods :
• Activity-based methods were used during the Training Needs Analysis• Extraction of training objectives identified in literature• Pilots workshops: 1. Generate behaviour strategy for
SA management2. Design specific trng needs
• Pilots interviews• Questionnaire survey
Flight Department 7
Research cont. ......
Result of the Training Need Analysis:
• Situation Awareness mind-map
• Threat Management mind-mapCompetency structure
Flight Department 8
Competency Structure :
Situation Awareness
Information gathering/Monitoringcheck environment for contradictory factsdouble x-check as much as possible interrogatestay in the loop
Interpretation integration of information into amental picture, subliminalunderstanding, 6th sense
Self awarenessclues/signals for LSAself-critiquewatching one‘s own behaviour
Communicationcrew communicationsharing experienceidentifying other Crew-Members’ LSAaccept errors and communicate them
Workload managementsetting prioritiesregarding situation & control
Planning/Anticipationdefining objectives for each phasenot too focused on one goalphysical health maintenance
Flight Department 9
Next step
• Constructing the definition of the ESSAI training solution
• Design of the training
• Construct a common aviation language between scientist and pilots
Flight Department 11
The perception of the elements within a volume of time and space, the understanding of their meaning and the projection of their status in the near future”
„Endsley 1988“
S A definition :
Flight Department 15
Experimental validation :
Exp’tl Group
ESSAI training
Benchmark Scenario
Assessment Scenario
LOFT training
Benchmark Scenario
Assessment Scenario
Control Group
Flight Department 16
Attitudes about SA and TM
Ideal
Real
Factors Affecting Situation Awareness (FASA)
Flight Department 18
Attitudes towards SA / TM ESSAI had a significant impact on the development of SA-related
attitudes.
After the training EG put increasing emphasis on such factors as Information Management, Automaticity, and Interpersonal Dynamic
Behaviour Observation
ESSAI substantially enhances SA but only slightly affects TM
Majority of EG crews moved from the level of Understanding to Projection in the AS
Especially the briefing quality improved and management of distractions became more effective
Conclusions from the Data Analysis
Flight Department 19
Aero Lloyd ESSAI Training :
During recurrent training from 010103 till 270703 215 pilots received ESSAI training.
ESSAI training consisted of :
• 3 hours ESSAI training• 2 hours ESSAI simulator scenario• 45 minutes auto confrontation
Flight Department 20
Participating pilots experience :
Experience Total Time A320
Captains 13120 3219
F/O‘s 5287 2044
Captains : all were converted from conventional aircraft by AEF
F/O‘s : 79% were converted from conventional aircraft 21% came from smaller aircraft to AEF
Flight Department 21
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Material practical value
Strongly Agree
Agree
Neutral
Disagree
ESSAI Material value :
Flight Department 22
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
use of auto confrontation & video
Strongly Agree
Agree
Neutral
Disagree
Video & auto confrontation :
Flight Department 23
Further results :
The training was relevant to my job and flight safety:• 99% of the pilots indicated YES
The training is useful, all pilots should have a chance to receive ESSAI training:• Only 1 Captain indicated NO
Would you like additional ESSAI training:• 89% of all pilots indicated YES• 53% requested at least a second simulator session• 88% find regular recurrent or follow-up training necessary
Flight Department 24
Recommendations from the Research
• To implement ESSAI training package in existing training
• To follow-up ESSAI training within a time frame
• To create a „Train the Trainer“ package ( Aero Lloyd has created
this to enable own ESSAI Training )
• To „spread“ the training to all interested airlines
Flight Department 25
A A training training tool to improve Flight Safetytool to improve Flight Safetyby enhancing S.A. and improvingby enhancing S.A. and improvingthreatthreat management in management in any any cockpitcockpit..
Quote : Quote : „During my 16 years as an Aero Lloyd pilot,„During my 16 years as an Aero Lloyd pilot, no training has surpsrised me in such a positiveno training has surpsrised me in such a positive way as the ESSAI training. A fantastic concept!“ way as the ESSAI training. A fantastic concept!“ UnquoteUnquote
What is ESSAI training ?