FLORIDA CONNECTIONS TO US HISTORYSS Standards – 3.13, 4.11, 5.12, 6.15, 7.17

Civil War and Reconstruction• Anaconda Plan

• How does Florida fit into the plan which the Union uses to win the war?

• Blockade runners• Supplies like cattle, salt

• Carpetbaggers• Sharecropping• Jim Crow Laws – the Nadir of

Race relations

Industrial Age – Railroads,Robber Barons

• East Coast Railroads – Henry Flagler• Hotels/Resorts on Beaches• Bridge Construction in FL Keys

• West Coast Railroads – Henry Plant• Panhandle – William Chipley

Breakers – Palm Beach

Plant Hotel - Tampa

Cattle Boom / Boom Towns - Mining• Florida “Cow Hunters”

• Punta Russo, Tampa• Jake Summerlin

• Phosphate Boom Towns• Dunnellon, Floral City, Arcadia

Farmers Problems in late 1800s• Grange / Farmer’s Alliance

• Later People’s Party / Populists (W.J. Bryan)• What are farmer’s problem with railroads?

• Ocala Platform / “Ocala Demands” (1890)• Many of the ideas later adopted in Progressive Movement• 16th & 17th amendments, Federal Reserve• But idea of government control of RR was not adopted

Immigration at Turn of the Century• Influence of Cuban, Greek, and Italian immigrants

• Ybor City (Tampa) – Cigar Industry• Tarpon Springs – sponges• Zolfo Springs – Italian, RR

Spanish American War• Plant / Tampa Bay Hotel – launching point

1920s Boom and Bust in Florida• Early 20s Land Boom – prices skyrocket due to

speculation (like stocks did)• By 1927 – Bust as bottom fell out

• On of the causes of the bust were Hurricanes that hit South Florida• Florida enters the Great Depression before the 1929 crash

1920s Black Scare• KKK re-emerges in the US and Florida

• Idea of 100% Americanism

• Rosewood Massacre

Some Famous Floridians in the early 1900s• Marjorie Kinnan Rawlings – writer about Florida

• The Yearling, Cross Creek

• Zora Neale Hurston – Harlem Renaissance writer• Mary McCloud Bethune – started school for black girls

• Part of Black Cabinet to advise FDR and Eleanor Roosevelt

Florida in World War II• WWII was beneficial to the State.

• Agriculture and Industry increased• Ports

• Many bases were built (converted) for year-round training• Ft. Blanding -Beach Hotels

• Training for D-Day in various locations• Back-lighting

• Treat of German subs and invasion threat of coastal cities • “Mosquito Fleet” – Civil Air Patrol to protect Coast

Florida in Civil Rights Era• Double V campaign in WWII

• “Wade-ins”• Segregated Beaches in FL

• Sit-ins• FSU/FAMU students together

• Florida Governors• Leroy Collins and Reubin Askew not

like Wallace or Faubus

• Resistance to Integration• “Pork-Chop Gang”

• Group of North-Central Florida Politicians that opposed integration

• (Think “Dixiecrats”)

• Harry T. Moore• Florida NAACP leader• Killed in 1951 by KKK

• UF Law School denials• Virgil Hawkins

Cold War Impact on Florida

• Space Race• NASA / Space program

on East coast of FL

• Cuba Impact• 1959 Cuban Coup and

refugees to Florida• Bay of Pigs training• Cuban Missile Crisis impact

Demographic Trends in past 50 years• Graying of America

• As Baby Boomers age, health care advances, people live longer

• Impact on Florida?• Claude Pepper• Impact on SSI?

• Immigration Trends

• Most from Latin America and Asia

• Impact on Florida?

• Minority-Majority future

Rust Belt – Sun Belt - People moving from Northern states to Southern states - Impact on Electoral College?

Misc. Recent Florida History• 1971 – Walt Disney World Opens

• Interstate impact (death by interstate for some)• Growth of Orlando and other Tourist areas

• 1992 – Hurricane Andrew• 2000 – Presidential Election

• Recount, Chads, Butterfly ballots

Florida in Wars• Why would Florida be important during

• Civil War?• Spanish-American War?• World War I?• World War II?

• What is Backlighting?