florida forest steward newsletter vol 18, no 1

8/6/2019 Florida Forest Steward Newsletter Vol 18, No 1

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In this issue:

Your Story We Need Your Feedback Uneven-age Management of Southern PinesThe Passive Alternative: Is the Group SelectionSystem a Viable Forest Management Regime?Congratulations Bill McMillan: Florida s Tree

Farmer of 2010Congratulations Brian Cobble: Floridas TreeInspector of 2010Congratulations Certified Forest Stewards andTree FarmersStewardship Event AnnouncementTimber Price UpdateEvents Calendar

The Florida Forest Steward A Quarterly Newsletter for Florida Landowners and Resource Professionals

Volume 18, No. 1 Spring-Summer 2011

Your StoryBy Chris Demers

As the economic crisis continues tounfold and state and Federal legislaturesdecide what projects and programs arenext in line for cutting, it is becomingincreasingly important for us tocommunicate the impacts of oureducational and assistance programs. Asa part of this process we are collectingfeedback from people on all aspects of the Forest Stewardship Program. Pleasetake a moment to share if you have beenserved by some part of Floridas ForestStewardship Program:

Planning and AssistanceDo you have a Forest StewardshipManagement Plan for your property?Has the plan helped you in the process of reaching the goals you have set for yourproperty? Has a county forester,biologist, county extension agent,consultant or other professional providedvaluable assistance with yourmanagement planning or practice?

Education and NetworkingHave you attended any ForestStewardship Program workshops, tours orother events? Did the information andmaterials presented there help you insome way with planning, management, or

Inside: Uneven-age management of southern pines a viable

alternative?


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pursuit of financial assistance or a taxrelated benefit? Did you get any newideas, encouragement or inspiration fromanother landowner or professional? Didyou make any new contacts that have

helped you in some way?

What about this Newsletter? Has itprovided useful information or ideas thathave helped you in some way?

Your story is an important part of theForest Stewardship Program. If youd liketo share any feedback please email me [email protected] . If you are onFacebook, your feedback is also invited at

the Florida Forest Stewardship Programand Cooperative Extension System pages.

Uneven-aged Management of Southern PinesBy Don M. Handley, Joshua C. Dickinsonand Chris Demers

With fuel costs soaring and stumpageprices for small-diameter trees low as

usual, many landowners may be seeingvery little financial incentive to plant treesafter a final stand harvest. Those withstands nearing financial maturity may bewondering if it will be worth it to replantafter the current stand is harvested. In thelast issue we discussed the importanteconomic and ecological benefits that canbe realized by extending pine rotations, inconcert with thinning and prescribed fire.What happens next in your stand when its

ready for harvest? Lets take a look atanother pine management system that canminimize, or even eliminate, the highupfront costs of site preparation andplanting, maintain a continuous forestcover, provide more frequent income andachieve other important wildlife habitatand recreation objectives.

Uneven-aged management (UAM) of pine can offer many benefits to forestowners, the environment, foresters andthe timber industry as a whole. UAM canoffer the potential for more frequent and

continuous income from the forest thaneven-aged management of a plantation orhigh-grading an unmanaged forest.Wildlife, hydrologic and aesthetic valuesmay be better maintained as well. UAMinvolves a long-term relationship betweenthe forest owner and a forester with theappropriate skills and experience, ratherthan the forester serving as a one-timebroker for a sale, site preparation andplanting.

History of uneven-aged management

Uneven-aged management is not new,only largely forgotten by foresters andforest owners. The practice of whatevolved into uneven-aged managementdates back to the mid 1920s in Arkansaswhen foresters L. K. Pomeroy and E. P.Connor founded the Ozark BadgerLumber Company. Their approach stoodin sharp contrast to the cut and runlogging of old growth pine forests thathad prevailed for decades. Pomeroysperspective was strongly influenced byobservation of centuries-old Germanforestry practices. Pomeroy noted, Their attitude of guardianship of this [forest]wealth for future generations was a pointentirely strange to me as an Americanlumberman.

This model has been perpetuated inArkansas by the U.S. Forest Service withestablishment of the CrossettExperimental Forest in 1933. The GoodFarm Forestry Forty, a well -stockedshortleaf/loblolly stand was established todemonstrate to farmers that good incomecan be generated under uneven-agedmanagement, even from relatively small
mailto:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]


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forest properties. This 40 acre parcel isstill being managed and harvested today.Don Handley, of Handley Forest Services,began his forestry career working in UAMin southern Arkansas. He has successfully

introduced UAM to clients in SouthCarolina and southeast North Carolina.

Your starting point

Unmanaged stands: If your timber standsare largely unmanaged with a mix of pineand low-value hardwoods, the idea of starting over may not be attractive. Thecost of stand establishment is high and areturn on the investment will be more than

2-3 decades in the future. If you arelooking for revenue from an unmanagedstand, beware of the We buy timbersigns along rural roads. These buyers mayoffer what appears to be an attractive pricefor the timber but the harvest likely wontresult in a valuable or healthy residualstand. The best merchantable stems willbe removed, leaving the poorest and/orunhealthiest trees as the residual stand.

Most unmanaged stands across northFlorida and much of the Southeast consistof loblolly pine mixed with varioushardwood species. Loblolly is the mostforgiving of the southern pine species,producing abundant seedlings whenhardwoods are removed and a prescribedburn carried out. A single herbicideapplication is generally required to releasethe pine seedlings from hardwoodcompetition, after which the dominantseedlings become the second age and sizeclass in an uneven-aged stand. Once thenew trees are established, the originalpines in the unmanaged stand can bethinned to generate revenue. Thehardwoods can also be sold as pulpwoodor chipped for biomass fuel, wheremarkets exist.

Managed pine plantations: Owners of plantations nearing rotation age have afew options to continue forestmanagement on the site. They can be cutand regenerated artificially by preparing

the site and planting seedlings,regenerated naturally using an even-agedseed tree or shelterwood approach, orconverted, via periodic harvests andnatural regeneration, to an uneven-agedstand structure. Don Handley hassuccessfully converted loblollyplantations to profitable uneven-agedstands.

Making Uneven-aged Managementwork

The secret to the success of uneven-agedmanagement is maintaining a balancedstructure of age classes across the standthrough periodic sales of mature trees.Pines are shade intolerant so they willgenerally require larger gaps toregenerate naturally. This is generallybest accomplished by harvesting groupsof trees vs. single trees throughout thestand. This periodic harvesting of groupsof trees assures abundant replenishmentof young seedlings and competitioncontrol in a multi-aged forest, whilemaintaining near full stocking. Somesmaller, low quality, sick or damagedtrees should also be removed in order toimprove stand health and value. Steadyincome, coupled with the hydrological,wildlife, and aesthetic value of maintaining a fully stocked forestecosystem, are among the benefits of uneven-aged management.

Economics

Comparison of even and uneven-agedmanagement is complex, but critical if


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family forest owners are to have a validbasis for judging which managementoption to choose.

The table above illustrates an example of aforest owner in South Carolina with a 20year-old loblolly plantation. He chose toconvert the stand to uneven-agedmanagement. Actual economic returns arecompared with a simulation of returns hadeven-aged management been continued.The results illustrated are comparable tocases where the owner chooses to convertan unmanaged stand to uneven, rather thaneven-aged management. Were thecomparative model shown to be extendedthrough a second rotation, the economicbenefit of uneven-aged managementincreases significantly. Note again thatrevenues reflect yields in South Carolina andthat the table reflects only the merchantabletimber present after the cut. The future valueof the planted even-age stand is not reflected.

Conclusion

Uneven-aged management can offer manybenefits to landowners with multiple-useobjectives. Income from the stand will befrom smaller, but more frequent, harvestsof high value trees. This managementoption creates a diverse mosaic of horizontal and vertical vegetative structurewhich, when combined with prescribed

fire, is beneficial to a variety of game andnongame wildlife. Finally, forlandowners who want a diverse andbeautiful forest, an uneven-aged stand is

second to none. The Forest ManagementTrust is prepared to facilitateopportunities for forest owners andforesters to observe successful UAM inthe field. In the next article Jeff Main, aFlorida consulting forester, providessome local perspective on this topic.

UAM Resources:

Uneven-aged Silviculture for Loblolly andShortleaf Pine Forest Cover Types,http://www.srs.fs.usda.gov/pubs/gtr/gtr_so118.pdf

Opportunities for Uneven-aged Management inSecond Growth Longleaf Pine Stands in Florida,http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/fr132

Uneven-aged Management of Longleaf PineForests: A Scientist and M anager Dialogue,http://www.srs.fs.usda.gov/pubs/gtr/gtr_srs078.pdf

About the Authors:

Don M. Handley , Handley Forest Services, Inc.,Florence, SC ( www.handleyforestry.net ;[email protected])

Joshua C. Dickinson , The Forest Management Trust,Gainesville, FL ([email protected])

Chris Demers , University of Florida, Gainesville([email protected])
http://www.srs.fs.usda.gov/pubs/gtr/gtr_so118.pdfhttp://www.srs.fs.usda.gov/pubs/gtr/gtr_so118.pdfhttp://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/fr132http://www.handleyforestry.net/http://www.srs.fs.usda.gov/pubs/gtr/gtr_srs078.pdfhttp://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/fr132http://www.srs.fs.usda.gov/pubs/gtr/gtr_so118.pdf


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The Passive Alternative: Is theGroup Selection System a Viable

Forest Management Regime in the North Florida Flatwoods?By Jeff Main

Since the advent of commercial forestry inthe 1950s upland pine management innorth Florida has predominantly been bysuccessive even-age plantationestablishment and harvest rotations. Thereis much to be said for the financial andproductivity advantages of this type of regime. However, drastic changes intimberland ownership, stumpage marketsand owner goals and objectives havecaused resource professionals to seek alternatives that would better serve aportion of the timberland owning public.One alternative making the rounds is avariant of the selection system.

Traditionally used in the hardwood regionsof the upper and mid-south, the selectionsystem involves the periodic harvest of individually selected trees to maintain andimprove an uneven aged hardwood forest.A similar approach has been practiced onLongleaf pine forests in the pineproducing Piedmont and Coastal Plainregions. Referred to as the Stoddard-Neelapproach after its two best knownpractitioners, an uneven aged, naturallyregenerated pine forest is managed at lowstocking levels by the individual andthoughtful selection of harvest trees.Selections are based on tree qualities,spacing, the need for openings and otherfactors. The beautiful quail plantations of the Red Hills regions of north Florida andSouth Georgia are a result of thisapproach.

However, in the pine forests of northFlorida the hardwood selection model doesnot work due to pine trees being intolerant,

meaning they cannot live in shade. Theyrequire full sunlight to regenerate andprosper. Single tree selection as practicedin hardwoods does not provide openingslarge enough for pine regeneration.

The Stoddard-Neel approach gets aroundthis by carrying very low stocking levels.Where a 30 year old thinned commercialpine stand will carry 100 square feet of basal area, the Longleaf quail plantationsare maintained at 30 square feet. Theselow stocking levels limit total volumegrowth and thus the financial returnspossible from the land. Of course timberproduction is not the primary goal of the

quail plantations. In truth this system haslimited application outside the Longleaf pine regions due to species and soildifferences.

So if you cant regenerate a stand due tolack of sunlight but still want morestocking than a quail plantation what doyou do? One option may be the Group, orGap selection system. With it, gaps areperiodically made in the timber base largeenough for intolerant species to grow andprosper but sized appropriately for naturalseeding from the adjacent trees. Theeffect is a variety of even aged unitsscattered throughout the land base. Whensuccessful, this system reduces sitepreparation and regeneration costssignificantly when compared withcommercial planted pine regimes.

Success is not automatic. The quality andquantity of the seed source, timing andtype of harvests and competition controlare some of the factors affecting theestablishment of an acceptable stand.Once established, naturally regeneratedstands will always have stocking levelsthat are too high or too low (or both) asmeasured by optimum productivity.While the carpet-like natural regeneration


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that occurs in some pine stands is familiarto all of us, we know that it is notnecessarily the norm, nor is it desired.Finally, economies of scale require a fairlylarge land base to make this system

feasible. Contractors must have enoughwork to make their site prep and harvestoperations profitable.

Natural regeneration requires adequateseed quantity and bare mineral soil. Pineseedfall in north Florida occurs in the fall,so harvest should be timed in mid to latesummer if the harvested trees do notcontain cone bearing trees (to allow thelogging process to produce bare mineral

soil) or October/November if they do (toget scarification and viable seed directlyon the site). Seedfall varies from year toyear with a heavy seedfall about everythree years. If the groundcover is thick and impenetrable a burn may be required.Seed trees may be necessary in the gaps if adjacent seed sources are inadequate.Some form of mechanical scarificationmay be in order. However, keep in mindthat in a good seed year every square inchof exposed mineral soil will be coveredwith seedlings. Bottom line is there is abalance required to achieving andmaintaining a good stand.

A primary appeal of Group selection isthat this approach provides benefitsbeyond stand establishment. Stand edges,the boundaries between stands of differentages favored by wildlife, are increased.Flora and fauna diversity within the forestholding increases the recreational andaesthetic qualities of the property. Oneobvious advantage is the reduced standestablishment costs although this can beoverstated.

Some professionals believe Groupselection financially outperformstraditional planted pine silviculture,

primarily because the carrying costs of the site prep and planting are reduced oreliminated. I have yet to find a real worldexample of this in north Florida.Although site prep costs are high and

stumpage rates are what they are, thepoor genetics, reduced growth, stockingdynamics, competition and other factorsinherent in naturally regenerated standsmake group selection less profitable thana planted stand on the same site. If production is the goal, reasoned ordermust be brought to the crop. Farmersdont arbitraril y throw corn seeds on theirfields for a reason. Despite that, the initialpositive effect on personal cashflow (i.e.

not paying for site prep and planting)makes this system appealing to somelandowners. Of course, certain timberlandholdings are better suited to this systemthan others.

As stated, maximum profitability is notthe only end pursued by many forestlandowners. I practice both selection andplanted pine silviculture on my personalland. I enjoy the diversity and aestheticsof the natural stand and the productivityof the planted pines. This provides thebest of both worlds.

Jeff Main is President of Land & Timber Services Group, Tallahassee, FL and member of the Association of ConsultingForesters.

Congratulations Bill McMillan:Florida s Tree Farmer of 2010

by Cathy Hardin, Florida Division of Forestry

Bill McMillan, a lifelong resident of Gadsden County, received the 2010 TreeFarmer of the Year award for hisoutstanding commitment to responsibleforest management. The 400+ acreproperty has been in his family for five


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generations. Mr. McMillan has workedhard to make his working forestsustainable, aesthetically pleasing andattractive to wildlife.

Bill McMillan says the work he does eachyear on his farm is his stress relief.When asked how the family hasmaintained an interest in the landgeneration to generation, Mr. McMillanreplied, Its not something you can teach.Its a connection to the land. Its puttingyour own time and effort into it to takeownership something that is more than

buying and selling a piece of property.The pride and love he has for his land

shows in the healthy, frequently burnedstands of mature pines, wildlife openingsand food plots.

Also enrolled in Floridas ForestStew ardship Program, Bill McMillansfarm demonstrates good stewardship of wood, water, recreation and wildlife. Hisforest and its products are used andenjoyed, but he is careful that it is all donein a manner that will allow his childrenand grandchildren to gain the samebenefits.

Congratulations Brian Cobble:Tree Farm Inspector of 2010By Phil Gornicki, Florida ForestryAssociation

It only took a few years of working withthe Tree Farm program for Brian Cobble(Senior Forester, Suwannee County,pictured above) to claim the distinction asthe top Tree Farm Inspector in Florida.As part of his job working for the FloridaDivision of Forestry, Brian has put muchenergy behind bringing the Tree Farmmessage of forest conservation,management and sustainability to thelandowners of Suwannee County. Duringcalendar year 2010 Brian conducted 45inspections, on 13,809 acres, includingbringing 9 new properties into theAmerican Tree Farm system. Brian hasproven himself as a valuable asset toFloridas Tree Farm program, and is avery deserving recipient of the Tree FarmInspector of the Year Award!

Get Email Updates!Dont miss out on upcoming events. Sendan email to [email protected] to be addedto the Stewardship listserv.

Bill McMillan shares his land managementstory at a tour of his property lastDecember, photo by Cathy Hardin, DOF.
mailto:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]


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Doug Smith (L) and Tony Golden,Holmes County

Bruce and Karen Butts, Holmes County George & Claudia Barthelmes,Suwannee County

Al Hartzog (R) with Geoff Cummings (DOF),Bay County

Roger Bryan, Suwannee County Jason Sapp (L) and son with Brian Cobble(DOF), Suwannee County

Congratulations Certified Forest Stewards and Tree Farmers!

For more information about becoming a Certified Forest Steward or Tree Farmer,call your County Forester or learn about it at:

http://www.fl-dof.com/forest_management/cfa_steward_index.html http://www.floridaforest.org/tree_farm.php
http://www.fl-dof.com/forest_management/cfa_steward_index.htmlhttp://www.fl-dof.com/forest_management/cfa_steward_index.htmlhttp://www.floridaforest.org/tree_farm.phphttp://www.floridaforest.org/tree_farm.phphttp://www.floridaforest.org/tree_farm.phphttp://www.fl-dof.com/forest_management/cfa_steward_index.html


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Driving directions to "Balancing Timber and Wildlife for Upland Game"May 13 th , 2011

Coming from Tallahassee, and east and south of Tallahassee : From I-10 in Tallahassee, take the

US 27 N exit (Monroe St) toward Havana. Cross the Ochlockonee River into Gadsden Co. About 1mi past the bridges, turn L onto SR 270. Travel approx. 2.5 mi to the first intersection with CR 159,and turn L. Go approx. 3/4 mi down CR 159. Gate is at top of hill on R.

Coming from east and north of Tallahassee : From US 27 or SR 12 in Havana, take US 27 Sof Havana to the 2nd intersection with CR 159 to the R (the first one is marked "To Quincy"). At the2nd one, turn R and travel approx 2 mi until CR 159 T's into CR 270. Turn L onto CR 270 and goabout 1/4 mi to where CR 159 T's in from the R. Turn R on CR 159. Go approx. 3/4 mi down CR159. Gate is at top of hill on R.

Coming from west of Tallahassee and Quincy northward : Driving E on SR 12 toward Havana,

turn R and take CR 159 S at the blinking light outside Havana, and proceed for approx. 1/2 mi to its junction with US 27 S of Havana. Turn R and go S on US 27 for approx. 1.5 mi. At the intersectionwith CR 159 to the R, turn R and travel approx. 2 mi until CR 159 T's into CR 270. Turn L onto CR270 and go about 1/4 mi to where CR 159 T's in from the R. Turn R on CR 159. Go approx. 3/4 midown CR 159. Gate is at top of hill on R.

Coming from west of Tallahassee and Quincy southward : From I-10 W of Tallahassee, take theUS 90 N exit toward Quincy. In approx 2 miles you'll reach the crossroads of "downtown" Midway,turn R onto CR 159. Go approx. 5 mi N on CR 159. Gate is on L along the hilltop, right before thehill drops off.

Look for Forest Stewardship Tour signs as you get close.

Just in case, Chris Demers cell #: (352) 514-0819


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Timber Price Update

The timber pricing information below is useful for observing trends over time, but does notnecessarily reflect current conditions at a particular location. Landowners considering a timbersale are advised to solicit the services of a consulting forester to obtain current local market

conditions. Note that Southeast average price information for biomass fuel is now included.

Price ranges reported in the 1st Quarter 2011 Timber Mart-South (TMS) report were:

Florida Stumpage Prices Biomass Fuel Prices *

Pine pulpwood: $20 - $33/cord ($7 - $12/ton), from 4 th Qtr 2010 Pine C-N-S: $31 - $56/cord ($11 - $21/ton), slightly Pine sawtimber: $64 - $96/cord ($24 - $36/ton), Pine plylogs: $65 - $102/cord ($24 - $38/ton), same Pine power poles: $130 - $172/cord ($49 - $64/ton), slightly

Hardwood pulpwood: $15 - $27/cord ($5 - $9/ton), slightly

In-woodswhole tree pine: $14 - $21/ton In-woodswhole tree hardwood: $12 - $20/ton

*Southeast average low and high price rangesper ton, fuel quality chips from tops, limbs,limited bole material or otherwise pre-commercial material

Trend Report

Average stumpage prices in the first quarter 2011 were very similar to last quarters a cross muchof Florida and the Southeast region, but all were well below prices in the same period last year.Continuing weak housing markets and high fuel prices are keeping prices down for mostproducts. Several new bio-energy projects across the south reinforce this new market for

biomass products. In Florida, c onstruction on American Renewables 100 -MW biomass powerfacility in Gainesville is scheduled to begin this summer, while ADAGEs proposed 50 -MWfacility in Hamilton County is on hold due to poor power market conditions .


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Upcoming Stewardship, Small Farm and Other Events

Date Event, Location, Contact

May 4 Forest Stewardship Workshope: Tree / Plant Identification , 9 am - 3 pm ET, Morningside Nature Center, Gainesville, FL . $10 feeincludes lunch and materials. Details and registration online at http://fsp-workshop050411.eventbrite.com/

May 12 Forest Stewardship Workshop: Manage the Pond, Mind the Creek , 9 am - 3 pm ET, UF-IFAS Highlands County Extension Office,4509 George Blvd, Sebring, FL 33872. Details and registration on-line at: http://fsp-workshop051211.eventbrite.com/

May 12 Lee County Natural Areas and Woods Workshop in Fort Myers, UF-IFAS Lee County Extension Office, Fort Myers, FL. Will focuson non-native invasive species management. CEUs offered for pesticide use categories. Details athttp://lee.ifas.ufl.edu/AgNatRes/AgNatResHome.shtml .To register, contact Martha Avila, (239) 533-7506, [email protected].

May 13 2010-11 FL-GA Game Management Update Series, Balancing Timber & Wildlife for Upland Game , Cobey Property, GadsdenCounty, FL . Cost is $10, lunch and materials included. Details and registration on-line: http://flgagmus.eventbrite.com/

May 20 Orchard Management Series Part 3: Spring Orchard Management , UF-IFAS Suwannee Valley Research and Education Center, Live Oak, FL . For more information, contact Sarah White at 386-362-1725 ext. 102 or [email protected].

June 16 Lee County Tree Farming and Tree Health Workshop, Division of Forestry Office in Fort Myer, FL . Will discuss managementplans, tree crops to consider; creating a fire safe forest; silvicultural BMPs , and food plot options. $15 fee in advance, $20 at door.Call Michael Weston at (239) 690-3500 Ext. 118 or email [email protected] for info.

June 26 Hendry County Tree Farming and Tree Health Workshop, UF-IFAS Hendry County Extension in LaBelle,FL . Will discussmanagement plans tree crops to consider; creating a fire safe forest; silvicultural BMPs , and food plot options. $15 fee in advance,$20 at door. Call Michael Weston at (239) 690-3500 Ext. 118 or email [email protected] for info.

July 15-17 2011 Florida Small Farms and Alternative Conference , Osceola Heritage Park, Kissimmee, FL. Hosted by University of Florida -IFAS and Florida A&M University. Details at http://conference.ifas.ufl.edu/smallfarms/index.html .

July 31 2011 Wildlife Expo , UF-iFAS West Florida Research and Education Center, Milton, FL. For more information please contact Ms.Robin Vickers at ( 850) 983-5216 x 113 or [email protected]

August 11 Orchard Management Series Part 4: Summer Orchard Management UF-IFAS Suwannee Valley Research and Education Center, Live Oak, FL . For more information, contact Sarah White at 386-362-1725 ext. 102 or [email protected].

August 26 WFREC Extension Farm Field Day , UF-IFAS West Florida Research & Education Center Research Facility, Jay, FL. For moreinformation please contact Ms. Robin Vickers at ( 850) 983-5216 x 113 or [email protected]

For more Forest Stewardship Program information see: sfrc.ufl.edu/forest_stewardship

The Florida Forest Steward is a University of Florida Cooperative Extension Service, Florida Division of Forestry and Florida Tree Farm joint project:

Chris Demers (editor ), School of Forest Resources & Conservation, UF, P.O. Box 110410, Gainesville, FL 32611-0410, (352) 846-2375,[email protected]

Dr. Michael Andreu (co-editor ), School of Forest Resources & Conservation, UF, (352) 846-0355, [email protected] Grossman (co-editor) , Florida Division of Forestry, 3125 Conner Blvd, Room R2, Tallahassee, FL 32699-1650, (850) 414-9907,

[email protected] Joseph Prenger (co-editor) , Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission, 2574 Seagate Drive , Tallahassee, FL 32301 , (850) 410-5268, [email protected] Jon Gould (co-editor), Florida Tree Farm Committee, 4923 Windwood Circle, Birmingham, AL 35242, (205) 991-9435, [email protected] Dr. Bill Giuliano (co-editor) , Department of Wildlife Ecology & Conservation, UF, PO Box 110430, Gainesville, FL 32611-0430,(352) 846-0575, [email protected]
http://flgagmus.eventbrite.com/http://flgagmus.eventbrite.com/http://smallfarms.ifas.ufl.edu/calendar/2011_0520_springorchard.pdfhttp://smallfarms.ifas.ufl.edu/calendar/2011_0520_springorchard.pdfhttp://smallfarms.ifas.ufl.edu/calendar/2011_0811_summerorchard.pdfhttp://smallfarms.ifas.ufl.edu/calendar/2011_0811_summerorchard.pdfhttp://smallfarms.ifas.ufl.edu/calendar/2011_0811_summerorchard.pdfhttp://smallfarms.ifas.ufl.edu/calendar/2011_0520_springorchard.pdfhttp://flgagmus.eventbrite.com/

florida forest steward newsletter vol 18, no 1

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