Academic Journal of Plant Sciences 6 (4): 146-167, 2013ISSN 1995-8986© IDOSI Publications, 2013DOI: 10.5829/idosi.ajps.2013.6.4.1116

Corresponding Author: Vijay V. Wagh Plant Diversity, Systematics and Herbarium Division, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow-226 001 (Uttar Pradesh), India. E-mail: vijaywagh65@gmail.com

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Floristic Diversity of Jhabua District, Madhya Pradesh, India

Vijay V. Wagh and Ashok K. Jain1 2

Plant Diversity, Systematics and Herbarium Division,1

CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow-226 001 (Uttar Pradesh), IndiaSchool of Studies in Botany, Jiwaji University, Gwalior-474 011 (Madhya Pradesh), India2

Abstract: The present study was carried out in Jhabua district, situated in the western most part of MadhyaPradesh. The present study shows that 692 species of angiosperms under 469 genera belonging to 115 familiesare found in Jhabua district. Out of these 150 species in 102 genera and 20 families belongs to Monocot and542 species in 367 genera and 95 families belongs to Dicot. The tribal of the district are totally depends on theforest resources for their livelihood. Due to some natural and manmade factors several species are strugglingfor their existence, proper conservation and management plans are needed to save the natural resourcesespecially medicinal and dwindling plant species of the district.

Key words: Jhabua district Floristic diversity Dicot Monocot Species

INTRODUCTION wetlands, mangroves, coral reefs and deserts [7]. India

India has been recognized as one of the 12- Centres of origin of cultivated plants, which is themegadivesity countries of the world and it is estimated geographic region where crops exhibit maximumthat these 12 countries possess 70% of the world total diversity in terms of number of races and botanicalflowering plants [1]. With only 2.5% of the earth’s land varieties [8]. Today, about 166 crop species and well overarea, India accounts for 8% of the recorded species of the 324 species of wild relatives of crop plants are recognizedworld which includes millions of races, subspecies and and utilized for food production. Wild edible plantslocal variants of species and the ecological processes and account for nearly 1000 species serving various purposes:cycles that link organisms into population, communities 145 as roots/tubers, 526 as leafy vegetables/greens, 101and all different ecosystems [2]. Demographically, it is the for buds / flower, 647 for fruits and 18 for seeds and nutssecond largest populated country in the world and a [9].majority of its population directly depends on biological It is considered to be the centre of origin for aboutresources for livelihood. Western Ghats and Eastern 30,000 to 50,000 varieties of rice, pigeon-pea, mango,Himalayas of India are two of the 18 hotspots of the world turmeric, ginger, sugar-cane, goose berry, etc., along withdue to rich phytodiversity and high percentage of the richness of marine biodiversity comprising coral reefsendemism [3]. Chowdhary and Murti [4] have pointed out and mangroves [10]. Coral reefs are considered as thethat approximately 17,500 species of angiosperms occur in ‘rain forests of the sea’ and the mangrove cover of IndiaIndia, while Kartikeyan [5] has estimated approximately is around 4, 24,400 ha [11]. However, this rich biodiversity16,809 species in India. Further, it is highly significant to of India, which is the hub of wheel of life is under severenote that India harbours maximum number of endemic threat owing to several anthropogenic activities. Jain [12]species i.e. 5725 angiosperms, 10 gymnosperms, 1200 stated that the flora of our country is very rich in manypteridophytes, 678 bryophytes, 260 liverworts, 466 ways, in number of species, in economic potential, inlichens, 3500 fungi and 1924 algae [6]. The main natural endemism and not unoften in uniqueness of biologicalhabitat types of India include forests, grasslands, characteristics.

holds a prominent position among the eight Vavilovian

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Fig. 1: Map of Jhabua District of Madhya Pradesh, India

Study Site: Jhabua is the district head-quarter, situated inwestern part of Madhya Pradesh and situated at 22' 47 Nlatitude and 71' 35 E longitude at an average altitude of428 m above mean sea level (Fig. 1). Total area of thedistrict is 6,792 Kms. The Total population of the districtas per 2001 census is 13, 94,345. Most of the villagehabitants of Jhabua belong to tribal communities likeBheel, Bhilala and Pataya. Out of these tribes Bheel andBhilala stand high in strength, scattered in most of thevillages of the district. The Bhil tribe is one of the mostimportant and the third largest tribe of India (Fig. 2). Thename has been derived from Dravidian word bil or vilmeaning bow because they always keep bow and arrowfor hunting. Bheel and Bhilala tribes live close to theforest and are largely dependent on the wild biologicalresources for their livelihood. They consume leaves, Fig. 2: Bhil Tribe family

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flower, corm, fruits, rhizome and bulbs, which are Dicot (Fig. 3). In life form category herbaceous speciesconsidered as highly nutritional with high medicinal value. represents the highest numbers of species i.e. (374In district about 28% of the area is covered with forest species) followed trees (130 species), shrubs (98 species),whose total area counts to 1900 sq. km. The main climbers (80 species), Lianas (7 species) and parasiticproducts of the forest are wood, tendu leaves, mahua and plants (3 species) Fig. 4.bamboo. Local tribals are mostly dependent on forest for The ratio among monocot to Dicot with respect totheir daily needs. families, genera and species, families to genera and genera

It was observed through published literature that a to species with respect to Dicot, Monocot and total havethorough floristic survey in reference to its relationship been given in Table 2. It is apparent from the data that thewith tribes of Jhabua district is altogether wanting. ratio of families to genera with respect to monocot to dicotHowever some scattered information is available but not is higher than with respect to genera to species. While thesufficient. Further, no systematic and studies on floristic ratio of monocot to dicot with respect to families is higherdiversity of Jhabua district were made. To fill this gap the than with respect to genera and species. On the otherpresent study has been carried out to collect the entire hand, the ratio of genera to species with respect to Dicotinformation on angiospermic phytodiversity of Jhabua is higher than that of monocot and total. district. Samvatsar [13] has made some floristic studies in The comparative status of families genera andsome districts of western Madhya Pradesh. Kadel [14] and species in India, Madhya Pradesh and Jhabua districtKadel and Jain [15] have studied some ethnobotanical have been presented in Figs. 5, 6 and 7 [5, 33].aspects of Jhabua district. Wagh and Jain studies some The data presented in (Fig. 8) reveals that Poaceaethreatened medicinal plant as well as some ethnobotanical (71 species) is the dominant family in the Jhabua districtaspects of the district [16-18]. Jain et al., [19] have made followed by Fabaceae (64 species), Asteraceae (38),study on the presence of some miniature sacred groves in Euphorbiaceae (31 species), Acanthaceae (23 species),Jhabua district and their conservation status. Despite the Convolvulaceae, (22 species), Malvaceae (20 species),vast and varied flora of Western Madhya Pradesh the Caesalpiniaceae (18 species), Cucurbitaceae (17 species),floristic diversity of the Jhabua district has not been Apocynaceae (16 species), Solanaceae and Verbenaceaeexplored sufficiently. (14 species each).

MATERIALS AND METHODS Jhabua district as given in (Fig.9) comprise 321 species

Intensive floristic surveys were undertaken during while remaining 105 families with a total of 371 species2008-2013 in Jhabua forest division in the manner so that constitute 53.61 %. each locality could be studied in each season of the year.Periodic collection of plants was made from each locality. Species under 10 dominant families The plants were dried and pressed in the field and taken Species under remaining 105 familiesto the laboratory and herbarium was prepared accordingto the customary methods [20]. These plant specimens Results indicate that Euphorbia and Ipomoea (11were critically studied and identified with the help of species each) are the most dominant genus in the districtvarious floras and published literature [21-32]. The followed by Ficus (7 species), Cyperus and Cassia (6identification was also made by referring some authentic species each), Phyllanthus, Terminalia and Habenaria (5publications and deposited in the herbarium of School of species each), Alysicarpus and Clerodendrum (4 speciesStudies in Botany, Jiwaji University, Gwalior. each) (Fig. 10).

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION occur in Jhabua district. These are Cocos, Desmostachya,

The present study shows that 692 species of Kigelia, Lablab, Lawsonia, Martynia, Millingtonia,angiosperms under 469 genera belonging to 115 families Nelsonia, Nicandra, Oroxylum, Oougeinia, Pongamia,are found in Jhabua district (Table 1). Out of these 150 Rhoeo, Ricinus, Schleichera, Soymida and Tamarindus.species in 102 genera and 20 families belongs to Monocot Further, some of the genera, which are represented inand 542 species in 367 genera and 95 families belongs to India by single species (including cultivated) also occur

It is noteworthy that the ten dominant families of

46.38 % of the total species included in the present work

It is interesting to record that monotypic genera

Digera, Gloriosa, Haldina, Hemidesmus, Hydrilla,

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Fig. 3: Status of families, genera and species

Fig. 4: Life form of the species

Fig. 5: Comparative status of families in India, Madhya Pradesh and Jhabua district

Fig. 6: Comparative status of Genera in India, Madhya Pradesh and Jhabua district

in the region these are Aegle, Anthocephalus, Blainvillea, There are some species which have not beenChrysanthemum, Cissampelos, Costus, Diplocyclos, reported in the flora of Madhya Pradesh but occur in theWattakaka, Holarrhena, Hydrolea, Lagascea,Phyla, area under investigation. These are NeuracanthusTridax, Waltheria and Woodfordia. sphaerostachys and Habenaria longicorniculata.

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Table 1: List of plant species found in Jhabua district of Madhya Pradesh, IndiaFamily Local Name Life formDICOTYLEDONMAGNOLIACEAEMichelia champaca L. (JBA-278) Champa TreeDILLENACEAEDillenia indica L. (JBA-259) Chalta TreeANNONACEAEAnnona reticulata L (JBA-471) Ranphal TreeAnnona squamosa L. (JBA-134) Sitaphal ShrubMiliusa tomentosa (Roxb.) Sinclair (JBA-58) Umbia TreePolyalthia longifolia (Sonner.) Thw. (JBA-180) Ashok TreeMENISPERMACEAECissampelos pareira L. var. hirsuta (Buch.-Ham. ex DC.) Forman (JBA-126) Bhanjvel ClimberCocculus hirsutus (L.) Diels (JBA-248) Veshang ClimberCocculus pendulus (Forst.) Diels (JBA-181) Jaljamni ClimberStephania glabra (Roxb.) Miers (JBA-299) ClimberTinospora cordifolia (Willd.) Miers ex Hook. f. and Thoms (JBA-574) Giloy ClimberPAPAVERACEAEArgemone mexicana L. (JBA-210). Satyanashi HerbFumaria indica (Hassk.) Pugsley (JBA-359) Pitpapda HerbPapaver rhoeas L. (JBA-568) HerbCAPPARACEAECapparis decidua (Forsk.) Edgew.(JBA-723) Tethi ShrubCapparis sepiaria L. (JBA-324) Kurrel ShrubBRASSICACEAEBrassica campestris L. (JBA-323) Rai HerbBrassica oleracea L. var. capitata L. (JBA-353) Bandh gobi HerbRaphanus sativus L. (JBA-573) Muli HerbCLEOMACEAECleome gynandra L. (JBA-15) Hulhul HerbCleome scaposa DC. (JBA-548) HerbCleome viscosa L. (JBA-402) Kuslya HerbCrateva religiosa Forst. f. (JBA-473) TreeVIOLACEAEHybanthus enneaspermus (L.) f. v. Muell.(JBA-325) Ratnpurus HerbFLACOURTIACEAECasearia elliptica Willd. (JBA-491) Kirchi TreeFlacourtia indica (Burm. f.) Merr. (JBA-567) Bilanga ShrubPITTOSPORACEAEPittosporum wightii A.K. Mukherjee (JBA-360) Yekadi TreePOLYGALACEAEPolygala chinensis L. (JBA-53) Kanphua HerbCARYOPHYLLACEAEPolycarpaea corymbosa (L.) Lamk. (JBA-476) Chiriya HerbPORTULACACEAEPortulaca oleracea L. (JBA-428) Golbgaji HerbPortulaca pilosa L. ssp. grandiflora (Hook.) Geesink (JBA-566) Noniya HerbMALVACEAEAbelmoschus esculentus (Linn.) Moench. (JBA-291) Bhindi HerbAbelmoschus ficulneus (L.) W. and A. ex Wt.(JBA-212) Ran bhindi ShrubAbelmoschus manihot (L.) Medic. ssp. tetraphyllus (Roxb. ex Hornem.) Borss. (JBA-183) Jangali bhindi ShrubAbelmoschus moschatus Medic. (JBA-306) Mushk dana HerbAbutilon indicum (L.) Sweet (JBA-02) Kanghi HerbAbutilon pannosum (Forst. f.) Schlect.(JBA-298) Kasili ShrubGossypium hirsutum L. (JBA-260) Kapas ShrubHibiscus cannabinus L. (JBA-244) Kundrung HerbHibiscus rosa-sinensis L. (JBA-11) Gurhal Shrub

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Table 1: ContinuedHibiscus vitifolius L. (JBA-253) Jangali kapas HerbKydia calycina Roxb. (JBA-184) Barangi TreeMalvaviscus conzattii Greenm. (JBA-273) ShrubPavonia zeylanica (L.) Cav. (JBA-150) HerbSida acuta Burm. f. (JBA-490) Bala HerbSida alba L. (JBA-326) Aribala HerbSida cordifolia L. (JBA-539) Barilal HerbSida rhombifolia L. (JBA-482) Bhuinguli HerbThespesia lampas (Cav. ) Dalz. and Gibs.(JBA-579) Bankapas ShrubThespesia populnea (L.) Sol. ex Correa (JBA-572) Paras peepal TreeUrena lobata L. (JBA-564) Bachita ShrubBOMBACACEAEAdansonia digitata L. (JBA-330) Gorakh Imli TreeBombax ceiba L. (JBA-48) Semala TreeCeiba pentandra (L.) Gaertn. (JBA-575) Safed semal TreeChorisia speciosa St. Hill. (JBA-722) Safed semal TreeSTERCULIACEAEHelicteres isora L. (JBA-138) Atodi ShrubSterculia urens Roxb. (JBA-152) Kadai TreeWaltheria indica L. (JBA-468) Khain HerbTILIACEAECorchorus capsularis L. (JBA-551) Cheja HerbCorchorus olitorius L. (JBA-61) Rajan ki bhaji HerbCorchorus tridens L. (JBA-577) Bhaji HerbCorchorus trilocularis L. (JBA-22) HerbGrewia flavescens Juss. (JBA-137) Choti dhamni ShrubGrewia subinaequalis DC. (JBA-469) Phalsa TreeGrewia tiliifolia Vahl. (JBA-580) Dhaman ShrubTriumfetta pentandra A. Rich. (JBA-156) Liptiya HerbTriumfetta rhomboidea Jacq. (JBA-342) Kalaliptiya HerbZYGOPHYLLACEAETribulus terrestris L. (JBA-27) Gokhru HerbELAEOCARPACEAEElaeocarpus prunifolius (C. Muell.) Masters (JBA-416) Rudraksha TreeLINACEAELinum usitatissimum L. (JBA-396) Alsi HerbOXALIDACEAEBiophytum sensitivum (L.) DC. (JBA-559) Lajwanti HerbOxalis corniculata L. (JBA-107) Khatti buti HerbOxalis corymbosa DC.(JBA-429) HerbBALSAMINACEAEImpatiens balsamina L. (JBA-10) Jangali Tilli HerbRUTACEAEAegle marmelos (L.) Correa (JBA-252) Belpatra TreeCitrus limona (L.) Burm. f. (JBA-576) Nibbu ShrubFeronia limonia (L.) Swingle (JBA-185) kaith TreeMurraya koenighii (L.) Spreng. (JBA-406) Meetha neem ShrubMurraya paniculata (L.) (JBA-261) Madhukamini ShrubSIMAROUBACEAEAilanthus excelsa Roxb. (JBA-96) mahaneem TreeBALANITACEAEBalanites aegyptiaca (L.) Delile (JBA-724) Hingoti TreeBURSERACEAEBoswellia serrata Roxb. ex Colebr. (JBA-244) Salai TreeGaruga pinnata Roxb. (JBA-135) Kakad TreeMELIACEAEAzadirachta indica A. Juss. (JBA-72) Limda Tree

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Table 1: ContinuedMelia azedarach L. (JBA-216) Bakayan TreeSoymida febrifuga (Roxb. ) A. Juss. (JBA-463) Rohan TreeCELASTRACEAECassine glauca (Rottb.) O. Kuntze (JBA-341) Bhutkasa TreeCelastrus paniculatus willd. (JBA-412) Kangan ClimberMaytenus emarginata (Willd.) Ding Hou (JBA-194) Bekal ShrubRHAMNACEAEZiziphus mauritiana Lamk. (JBA-28) Ber TreeZiziphus nummularia (Burm. f.) Wt. and Arn. (JBA-139) Jhaberi ShrubZiziphus oenoplia (L.) Mill. (JBA-385) Makoya ShrubZiziphus xylocarpus (Retz.) Willd.(JBA-55) Ghont ShrubVITACEAEAmpelocissus latifolia (Roxb.) Planch. (JBA-280) Jangali angur ClimberCissus quandrangularis L. (JBA-235) Hadjod ClimberCayratia trifolia (L.) Domin (JBA-63) Panvelo ClimberLEEACEAELeea asiatica (L.) Ridsdale (JBA-425) Nanli Danhi HerbLeea macrophylla Roxb. ex Hornem.(JBA-425) Motali Danhi HerbSAPINDACEAECardiospermum halicacabum L. (JBA-179) Kanphuta HerbDodonaea angustifolia L. f. (JBA-277) Sukha Kamer ShrubSapindus emarginatus Vahl. (JBA-549) Reetha TreeSchleichera oleosa (Lour.) Oken. (JBA-481) Kusum TreeANACARDIACEAEAnacardium occidentale L. (JBA-130) Kaju TreeBuchanania lanzan Spreng. (JBA-387) Chironji TreeLannea coromandelica (Houtt.) Merr. (JBA-424) Moyana TreeMangifera indica L. (JBA-113) Aam TreeRhus parviflora Roxb. ex DC. (JBA-329) Tung TreeSpondias pinnata (L. f.) Kurz (JBA-327) Khattamba TreeMORINGACEAEMoringa oleifera Lamk. (JBA-464) Sahjana TreeFABACEAEAbrus precatorious L.(JBA-44) Ratti ClimberAbrus pulchellus Wallich ex Thwaites (JBA-171) kali ratti ClimberAeschynomeme indica L. (JBA-558) Phulan HerbAlysicarpus bupleurifolius (L.) DC. (JBA-430) Galiya HerbAlysicarpus monilifer (L.) DC. (JBA-69) Katkhairi HerbAlysicarpus rugosus (Willd.) DC. (JBA-570) Jaingali gailiya HerbAlysicarpus vaginalis (L.) DC. (JBA-331) HerbArachis hypogea L. (JBA-343) Moongphali HerbAtylosia platycarpa Benth. (JBA-552) Bankultha HerbAtylosia scarabaeoides (L.) Benth. Jangali Kulthya ClimberButea monosperma (Lamk.) Taub. (JBA-589) Palash TreeButea monosperma var. lutea (Witt) Maheshwari (JBA-247) Pila palash TreeButea superba Roxb. (JBA-177) Palash bel ClimberCajanus cajan (L.) Huth (JBA-553) Arhar HerbCicer arietinum L. (JBA-397) Chana HerbClitoria ternatea L. (JBA-39) Aparajita ClimberCrotolaria filipes Benth. (JBA-431) Bhuinkhod HerbCrotolaria juncea L. (JBA-66) Sanai HerbCrotolaria medicaginea Lamk. (JBA-489) Gulabi HerbCrotolaria ramossissima Roxb. (JBA-199) Harduli HerbCyamopsis tetragonoloba (L.) Taub. (JBA-297) Gwar HerbDalbergia latifolia Roxb. (JBA-91) Sheesham TreeDalbergia paniculata Roxb. (JBA-243) Dhoban TreeDalbergia sisoo Roxb. (JBA-13) Sheesham Tree

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Table 1: ContinuedDesmodium gangeticum (L.) DC. (JBA-20) sarivan HerbDesmodium heterocarpon (L.) DC. (JBA-281) HerbErythrina stricta Roxb. (JBA-198) Handau TreeErythrina suberosa Roxb. (JBA-125) Gadhapalas TreeGliricidia sepium (Jacq.) Kunth ex Walp. (JBA-269) Tarul TreeGlycine max (L.) Merr. (JBA-242) Soybean HerbGoniogyna hirta (Willd.) Ali (JBA-142) HerbIndigofera cordifolia Heyne ex Roth. (JBA-409) Nilawari HerbIndigofera linifolia (L. f.) Retz. (JBA-144) Torki HerbIndigofera linnaei Ali (JBA-201) Bhuiguli HerbIndigofera trita L. f. (JBA-08) Nil ShrubLablab purpureus (L.) Sweet ( JBA-276) Papdi ClimberLathyrus aphaca L. (JBA-186) Jangali matar HerbLathyrus sativus L. (JBA-146) Vachanio HerbMedicago sativa L. (JBA-213) Ranmetho HerbMelilotus indica (L.) Ali. (JBA-321) Jangali methi HerbMilletia extensa (Benth.) Baker (JBA-240) Goradbel ClimberMucuna pruriens (L.) DC. (JBA-31) Kewanch ClimberMucuna pruriens (L.) DC. var. utilis (Wallich ex Wight) Baker ex Burck. (JBA-195) Kwachphalli ClimberOugeinia oogeinsis (Roxb.) Hockhr. (JBA-262) Tinchali TreePongamia pinnata (Linn.) Pierre (JBA-480) kanji TreePterocarpus marsupium Roxb. (JBA-206) Beejasal TreePueraria tuberosa (Roxb. ex Willd.) DC. (JBA-303) Sirbala ClimberRhynchosia capitata DC. (JBA-162) Bada tinchlo ClimberRhynchosia minima (L.) DC. (JBA-197) Chota tinchlo ClimberSesbania grandiflora (L.) Poir. (JBA-290) Agast TreeStylosanthes fruticosa (Retz.) Mohlenbr. (JBA-554) HerbTephrosia hookeriana Wight and Arn. (JBA-432) Garrah ShrubTephrosia purpurea (L.) Pers. (JBA-521) Sarpunkha HerbTephrosia villosa (L.) Pers. (JBA-542) Bhamasia HerbTeramnus labialis (L. f.) Spreng. (JBA-415) Mashoni ClimberTrifolium pratense L. (JBA-492) Lusan HerbTrigonella foenum-graecum L. (JBA-433) Methi HerbUraria picta (Jacq.) Desv. (JBA-322) Dabra HerbVicia sativa L. (JBA-332) HerbVigna mungo (L.) Hepper (JBA-411) Urd HerbVigna radiata (L.) Wilczek (JBA-414) Moog HerbVigna sublobata (Roxb.) Babu and Sharma (JBA-362) Jangali moog HerbZornia gibbosa Span. (JBA-466) HerbCAESALPINIACEAEBauhinia acuminata L. (JBA-546) Ahlad TreeBauhinia purpurea L. (JBA-73) Koliar TreeBauhinia tomentosa L. (JBA-413) Pila Kachnar ShrubBauhinia variegata L. (JBA-312) Kachnar TreeCaesalpinia bonduc (L.) Roxb. (JBA-591) Ghataran ShrubCaesalpinia decapetala (Roth) Alston (JBA-344) Chilati ShrubCaesalpinia pulcherrima (L.) (JBA-467) Gulturah ShrubCassia absus L. (JBA-16) Chakasu HerbCassia fistula L. (JBA-50) Garmala TreeCassia kleinii Wight and Arn. (JBA-345) HerbCassia occidentalis L. (JBA-257) Kasondi ShrubCassia siamea Lamk. (JBA-67) Kasod TreeCassia tora L. (JBA-129) Puadiya HerbDelonix regia (Bojer ex Hook.) Rafin. (JBA-169) Gulmohar TreeHardwickia binata Roxb. (JBA-103) Anjan TreeParkinsonia aculeata L.(JBA-543) Bilayati babool Shrub

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Table 1: ContinuedPeltophorum pterocarpum (DC.) Baker ex K. Heyne (JBA-522) TreeTamarindus indica L. (JBA-05) Imli TreeMIMOSACEAEAcacia auriculoformis A. Cunn. ex Benth. (JBA-352) TreeAcacia catechu (L. f.) Willd. (JBA-560) Khairi TreeAcacia leucophloea (Roxb.) Willd. (JBA-45) Reunja TreeAcacia nilotica (L.) Willd. ex Delile subsp. indica (Benth.) Brenan (JBA-132) Babool TreeAlbizia lebbek (L.) Benth. (JBA-95) Kala Siris TreeAlbizia odoratissima (L. f.) Benth. (JBA-271) Chichwa TreeAlbizia procera (Roxb.) Benth. (JBA-46) Safed Siris TreeLeucaena leucocephala (Lamk.) de Wit (JBA-119) Subabul TreeMimosa hamata Willd. (JBA-523) ShrubMimosa himalayana Gamble (JBA-478) Aar ShrubMimosa pudica L. (JBA-475) Lajwanti HerbPithecellobium dulce (Roxb.) Benth. in Hook. (JBA-479) Jangali jalebi TreeProsopis juliflora (Swartz) DC. (JBA-26) Vilayati babul TreeROSACEAERosa multiflora Thunb.(JBA-384) Gulab bel ClimberCRASSULACEAEKalanchoe lanceolata (Forsk.) Pers. var. glandulosa (Hochst. ex A. Rich.) Cufod. (JBA-398) Khatua HerbKalanchoe pinnata (Lamk.) Pers. (JBA-435) Patharchatta HerbVAHLIACEAEVahliya digyna (Retz.) Kuntze (JBA-434) HerbCOMBRETACEAEAnogeissus latifolia (Roxb. ex DC.) Wall. ex Guill. and Perr (JBA-292) Safed Dhawada TreeAnogeissus pendula Edgew. (JBA-250) Kardhai TreeCombretum albidum G. Don (JBA-282) LianaQuisqualis indica L. (JBA-218) ClimberTerminalia alata Heyne ex Roth (JBA-80) Sajad TreeTerminalia arjuna (Roxb. ex DC.) Wight and Arn. (JBA-158) Arjun TreeTerminalia bellirica (Gaertn.) Roxb. (JBA-191) Baheda TreeTerminalia catappa L. (JBA-263) Kadavi badam TreeTerminalia chebula Retz. (JBA-234) Harrah TreeMYRTACEAECallistemon citrinus (Curtis) Skeels (JBA-219) Turah TreeEucalyptus umbellata Dum. (JBA-12) Lipta TreePsidium guajava L.(JBA-264) Amrud TreeSyzygium cumini (L.) Skeels (JBA-390) Jamun TreeSyzygium heyneanum Wall. ex Wight and Arn. (JBA-236) Gol jamun TreeLECYTHIDACEAECareya arborea Roxb. (JBA-108) Kumbhi TreeLYTHRACEAEAmmannia baccifera L. (JBA-94) Nay HerbLagerstroemia indica L. (JBA-283) ShrubLagerstroemia parviflora Roxb. (JBA-265) Lendia TreeLawsonia inermis L. (JBA-07) Mehandi ShrubWoodfordia fruticosa (L.) Kurz (JBA-151) Dhwai ShrubPUNICACEAEPunica granatum L.(JBA-578) Anar ShrubCARICACEAECarica papaya L.(JBA-237) Papaya TreeONAGRACEAELudwigia octovalvis (Jacq.) Raven (JBA-147) Jangali lavang HerbPASSIFLORACEAEPassiflora foetida L. (JBA-296) Kaurava pandawa ClimberCUCURBITACEAECitrullus colocyntis (Linn.) Schrad. (JBA-258) Tumadi Climber

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Table 1: ContinuedCoccinia grandis (L.) Voigt (JBA-74) Kundru ClimberCorallocarpus epigaeus (Rottl. and Willd.) Hook. f. (JBA-209) Jangali Marcho ClimberCucumis callosus (Rottl.) Cogn. (JBA-272) jangali kakdi ClimberCucumis sativus L. (JBA-241) Kheera ClimberCucurbita maxima Duch. ex Lamk. (JBA-284) Kaddu ClimberCucurbita moschata (Dutch. ex Lamk.) Dich. ex Poir. (JBA-266) Meetha kaddu ClimberDiplocyclos palmatus (L.) Jeffery (JBA-124) Shivlingi ClimberLagenaria sinceraria (Molina) Standl. (JBA-192) Lauki ClimberLuffa acutangula (L.) Roxb. (JBA-295) Kali torai ClimberLuffa cylindrica (L.) M. Roem. (JBA-337) Torui ClimberMelothria maderaspatana (L.) Cogn. (JBA-246) Bilari ClimberMomordica charantia L. (JBA-399) Karela ClimberMomordica dioica Roxb. ex Willd. (JBA-308) Kakkuda ClimberTrichosanthes bracteata (Lamk.) Voigt. (JBA-04) Indrayan ClimberTrichosanthes cucumerina L. (JBA-251) Chichinda ClimberTrichosanthes dioica Roxb. (JBA-339) Parwal ClimberCACTACEAECereus peruvianus (L.) Mill. (JBA-462) Hadzhadi ShrubOpuntia elatior Mill. (JBA-333) Nagphan ShrubOpuntia vulgaris Mill. (JBA-403) Motali nagphan ShrubAIZOACEAETrianthema triquetra Rottl. ex Willd. (JBA-461) HerbMOLLUGINACEAEGlinus lotoides L. (JBA-268) HerbMollugo cerviana (L.) Seringe (JBA-289) HerbAPIACEAECoriandrum sativum L. (JBA-287) Dhaniya HerbCentella asiatica (L.) Urban (JBA-294) Mandukparni HerbCORNACEAEAlangium salvifolium (L.f.) Wang (JBA-270) Okali TreeRUBIACEAEAnthocephalus chinensis (Lamk.) A. Rich. ex Walp. TreeCatunaregam nilotica (Stapf) Tirvengadum (JBA-460) Kalaphetra ShrubGardenia gummifera L. f. (JBA-190) Papada ShrubGardenia latifolia Ait. (JBA-123) Safed papada ShrubHaldinia cordifolia (Roxb.) Ridsd. (JBA-140) Haldu TreeHamelia patens Jacq. (JBA-725) ShrubIxora coccinea L. (JBA-437) ShrubMitragyna parvifolia (Roxb.) Korth. (JBA-148) Kalam TreeMorinda pubescens Sm. (JBA-117) Aaledi TreeMorinda umbellata L. (JBA-459) Aal ShrubOldenlandia corymbosa L. (JBA-334) Khet papra HerbSpermacoce hispida L. (JBA-458) HerbASTERACEAEAcanthospermum hispidum DC. (JBA-483) Chota Gokhru HerbAgeratum conyzoides L. (JBA-71) Kobhi HerbBidens biternata (Lour.) Merr. and sherff. (JBA-23) Chewada HerbBlainvillea acmella (L.) Philipson (JBA-438) HerbBlumea hieraciifolia (D. Don) DC. var. macrostachya (DC.) Hook. f. (JBA-351) HerbBlumea lacera (Burm.) f. DC. (JBA-335) HerbBlumea obliqua (L.) Druc (JBA-336) HerbCalendula officinalis L. (JBA-439) Zergul HerbChrysanthemum indicum L. (JBA-488) HerbCyathocline purpurea (Ham. ex D. Don) O. Ktze (JBA-407) HerbDahlia pinnata Cav. (JBA-457) HerbEchinops echinatus Roxb. (JBA-286) Oontakata HerbEclipta prostrata (L.) L. (JBA-60) Ghamara Herb

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156

Table 1: ContinuedElephantopus scaber L. (JBA-256) HerbErigeron asteroides Roxb. (JBA-456) HerbGlossocardia bosvallea (L.f.) DC. (JBA-487) Nakchikani HerbGnaphalium polycaulon Pers. (JBA-338) HerbHelianthus annuus L. (JBA-440) Surajmukhi HerbLagascea mollis Cav. (JBA-89) HerbLaunaea acaulis (Roxb.) Babc. ex Ker. (JBA-427) Jangali gobi HerbParthenium hysterophorus L. (JBA-383) Gajarghas HerbPentanema cernua (Dalz.) Ling (JBA-400) Jangali surajmukhi HerbPentanema indica (L.) Ling (JBA-164) Surajmukhi HerbSolidago canadensis L. (JBA-484) HerbSonchus asper (L.) Hill. (JBA-155) HerbSphaeranthus indicus L. (JBA-114) Gorakhmundi HerbSpilanthes calva DC. (JBA-395) Akalkara HerbSpilanthes ciliata H.B.K. (JBA-401) Charka HerbSynedrella nodiflora (L.) Gaertn. (JBA-363) HerbTagetes erecta L. (JBA-441) Genda HerbTagetes patula L. (JBA-442) Gendi HerbTridax procumbens L. (JBA-68) Dimajare HerbVernonia anthelmintica (L.) Willd. (JBA-174) Ghodajira HerbVernonia cinerea (Linn.) Less. (JBA-83) Sahdevi HerbVernonia elliptica DC. (JBA-364) Parda bel ClimberWedelia urticaefolia DC. var. wightii DC. (JBA-454) HerbXanthium indicum Koen. (JBA-54) Bada Gokhru HerbZinnia elegans Jacq. (JBA-274) Zenia HerbPLUMBAGINACEAEPlumbago zeylanica L. (JBA-547) Chitrak ShrubPRIMULACEAEAnagalis arvensis L.(JBA-41) HerbSAPOTACEAEMadhuca longifolia (J. koenig) Macbr. var. latifolia (Roxb.) Chevalier (JBA-06) Mahua TreeManilkara zapota (L.) P. Royen (JBA-275) Chiku TreeManilkara hexandra (Roxb.) Dubard (JBA-470) Khirni TreeMimusops elengi L. (JBA-112) Maulsri TreeEBENACEAEDiospyros melanoxylon Roxb. (JBA-255) Tendu TreeOLEACEAEJasminum auriculatum Vahl (JBA-288) Juhi ClimberJasminum grandiflorum L. (JBA-724) Chameli ClimberJasminum sambac (L.) Aiton (JBA-32) Bela ShrubNyctanthes arbor-tristis L. (JBA-110) Harsingar ShrubSchrebera swietenioides Roxb. (JBA-350) Mokha TreeSALVADORACEAESalvadora persica L. (JBA-182) Pilu ShrubAPOCYNACEAEAllamanda cathartica L. (JBA-518) ClimberAlstonia scholaris (L.) R.Br. (JBA-70) Saptaparni TreeCarissa carandas L. (JBA-587) Karonda ShrubCarissa opaca Stapf ex Haines (JBA-422) Karondi ShrubCatharanthus pusillus (Murr.) G. Don (JBA-128) Jangali Baramasi HerbCatharanthus roseus (L.) G. Don (JBA-493) Sada-bahar HerbHolarrhena pubescens (Buch.-Ham.) Wallich ex G. Don (JBA-76) Kurchi TreeIchnocarpus frutescens (Linn.) R. Br. (JBA-300) Dheemarbel ClimberNerium indicum Mill. (JBA-453) Kanher ShrubPlumeria alba L. (JBA-205) Champa ShrubPlumeria rubra L. (JBA-443) Champa ShrubRauvolfia serpentina (L.) Benth. ex Kurz (JBA-246) Sarpganda Shrub

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157

Table 1: ContinuedTabernaemontana divaricata (L.) R. Br. (JBA-81) Chandani ShrubThevetia peruviana (Pers.) K. Schum. (JBA-193) Pili bitti ShrubWrightia arborea (Dennst.) Mabberley (JBA-517) Kueda TreeWrightia tinctoria R. Br. (JBA-82) Kali dudhi TreeASCLEPIADACEAECalotropis gigantea (L.) R.Br. (JBA-159) Madar ShrubCalotropis procera (Aiton) R. Br. (JBA-157) Aak ShrubCeropegia bulbosa Roxb. (JBA-17) Bosia kand ClimberCryptolepis buchanani Roem. and Schult. (JBA-494) Dudhibel ShrubCryptostegia grandiflora R.Br. (JBA-452) LianaGymnema hirsutum Wight and Arnott (JBA-581) Meshringi ClimberHemidesmus indicus (L.) R. Br. (JBA-143) Anantmul ClimberHolostemma ada-kodien Schult. (JBA-477) Chhirovel ClimberPergularia daemia (Forssk.) Chiov. (JBA-472) Sadowani ClimberTylophora rotundifolia Buch.-Ham. ex Wight (JBA-600) Dambela ClimberWattakaka volubulis (L. f.) Stapf (JBA-565) Dudhali ClimberLOGANIACEAEMitreola petiolata (J.F. Gmelin) Torr and A. Gray (JBA-689) HerbSpigelia anthelmia L. (JBA-85) Gudari HerbStrychnos nux-vomica L. (JBA-650) Kuchla TreeBUDDLEJACEAEBuddleja asiatica Lour. (JBA-444) Neemada HerbGENTIANACEAECanscora decussata (Roxb.) Roem. and Schult Sankhphuli HerbCentarium meyeri (Bunge) Druce (JBA-582) HerbEnicostema axillare (Lam.) A. Raynal (JBA-307) Dedpaliya HerbExacum pedunculatum L. (JBA-651) HerbMENYANTHACEAENymphoides indica (L.) Kuntze (JBA-601) HerbHYDROPHYLLACEAEHydrolea zeylanica (L.) Vahl (JBA-445) HerbBORAGINACEAECordia dichotoma G. Forster (JBA-311) Lasoda TreeEhretia laevis Roxb. (JBA-64) Datrangi TreeHelitropium indicum L. (JBA-451) Hathisunda HerbTrichodesma indicum (Linn.) R. Br. ex Lehm. (JBA-03) Ghamara HerbTrichodesma stocksii Boiss. (JBA-652) HerbCONVOLVULACEAEArgyreia kleiniana (Roem. and Schult.) Raizada (JBA-649) ClimberArgyreia nervosa (Burm. f.) Bojer (JBA-688) Samander-ka-pat LianaConvolvulus arvensis L. (JBA-516) Grachi HerbConvolvulus prostratus Forssk (JBA-404) Shankhpushpi HerbEvolvulus alsinoides (L.) L. (JBA-141) Shankhpushpi HerbEvolvulus nummularius (L.) L. (JBA-495) HerbIpomoea carnea Jacq. (JBA-34) Umarichata ShrubIpomoea batatas (L.) Lam. (JBA-583) Shakkar kandi ClimberIpomoea cairica (L.) Sweet (JBA-602) Chatribel ClimberIpomoea dichroa (Roem. and Schult.) Choisy (JBA-687) HerbIpomoea eriocarpa R.Br. (JBA-167) HerbIpomoea hederifolia L. (JBA-598) ClimberIpomoea nil (L.) Roth (JBA-420) Mirchai ClimberIpomoea pestigridis L. (JBA-496) Nasedi ClimberIpomoea quamoclit L. (JBA-686) Kamlata ClimberIpomoea sindica Stapf (JBA-653) ClimberIpomoea turbidata Lag. (JBA-603) ClimberJacquemontia paniculata (Burm. f.) Hall. f. (JBA-597) ClimberMerremia emarginata (Burm. f.) Hall. f. (JBA-590) Undir kani Herb

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158

Table 1: ContinuedMerremia tridentata (L.) Hall. f. (JBA-648) HerbOperculina turpenthum (L.) Manso (JBA-654) ClimberRivea hypocrateriformis (Desr.) Choisy (JBA-604) Parh ClimberCUSCUTACEAECuscuta campestris Yunck. (JBA-647) Amarbel ClimberCuscuta chinensis Lam. (JBA-655) Amarbel ClimberCuscuta reflexa Roxb. (JBA-21) Akasbel ClimberSOLANACEAECapsicum annuum L. (JBA-450) Mirch HerbCestrum nocturnum L. (JBA-38) Rat-ki-rani ShrubDatura innoxia Mill. (JBA-446) Dhatura ShrubDatura metel L. (JBA-515) Kala dhatura ShrubLycopersicon esculentum Mill. (JBA-449) Tamatar HerbNicandra physalodes (L.) Scop. (JBA-656) HerbNicotiana plumbaginifolia Viv. (JBA-685) Jangali tamakhu HerbPetunia hybrida x Hort. ex Vilm. (JBA-605) HerbPhysalis minima L. (JBA-116) Poptiya HerbSolanum melongena L. (JBA-646) Bhanta HerbSolanum nigrum L. (JBA-160) Makoi HerbSolanum tuberosum L. (JBA-596) Aalu HerbSolanum virginianum L. (JBA-436) Kateri HerbWithania somnifera (L.) Dunal (JBA-86) Asgandh ShrubSCROPHULARIACEAEBacopa hamiltoniana (Benth.) Wettst. (JBA-584) Bam HerbBacopa monnieri (L.) Wettst. (JBA-465) Brahmi HerbLindenbergia indica (L.) Vatke (JBA-645) HerbLindernia ciliata (Colsm.) Pennell (JBA-684) HerbLindernia crustacea (L.) F.v. Muell. (JBA-657) HerbLinernia antipoda (L.) Alston (JBA-605) HerbRusselia equisetiformis Schlechtend. and Cham. (JBA-644) ShrubStriga angustifolia (D. Don) Saldanha (JBA-595) HerbTorenia indica Saldanha (JBA-585) HerbVeronica anagalis-aquatica L. (JBA-683) HerbBIGNONIACEAEDolichandrone falcata (Wallich ex DC.) Seem. (JBA-447) TreeJacarandra mimosaefolia D. Don (JBA-606) Niligulmohar TreeKigelia africana (Lam.) Benth. (JBA-643) Jharphanus TreeMillingtonia hortensis L. f. (JBA-658) Aakash neem TreeOroxylum indicum (L.) Venten. (JBA-302) Sonpata TreePyrostegia venusta (Ker-Gawl.) Miers (JBA-682) LianaTecoma stans (L.) Juss. ex Kunth (JBA-448) Sonpati ShrubTecomella undulata (Sm.) Seem. (JBA-586) Ragtroida TreePEDALIACEAESesamum indicum L. (JBA-594) Til HerbMARTYNIACEAEMartynia annua L. (JBA-77) Bicchu HerbACANTHACEAEAdhatoda zeylanica Medik. (JBA-642) Adulsa ShrubAndrographis paniculata (Burm. f.) Wallich ex Nees. (JBA-47) Bhuin neem HerbBarleria cristata L. (JBA-681) Tandralu ShrubBarleria prionitis L. (JBA-208) Piyabans ShrubBlepharis asperrima Nees (JBA-659) HerbBlepharis repens (Vahl) Roth (JBA-593) HerbCrossandra infundibuliformis (L.) Nees (JBA-607) Priya darsa HerbDipterocanthus patulus (Jacq.) Nees (JBA-640) HerbElytraria acaulis (L. f.) Lindau (JBA-592) HerbEranthemum roseum (Vahl) R. Br. (JBA-170) Herb

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159

Table 1: ContinuedHaplanthodes tentaculatus (Nees) Majumdar (JBA-18) Katsula HerbHemigraphis latebrosa (Heyne ex Roth) Nees (JBA-661) Bhangara HerbHygrophila auriculata (Schumach.) Heine (JBA-313) Talmakhana HerbIndoneesiella echioides (L.) Sreemadh. (JBA-680) HerbJusticia diffusa Willd. (JBA-145) Makandar HerbJusticia procumbens L. (JBA-371) HerbJusticia simplex D. Don Thunb (JBA-608) Bansa HerbNelsonia canescens (Lam.) Spreng. (JBVA-639) Chhota aandhi HerbNeuracanthus sphaerostachys (Nees) Dalz. (JBA-620) HerbPeristrophe paniculata (Forssk.) Brummitt (JBA-25) Atrilal HerbRuellia tuberosa L. (JBA-638) HerbRungia pectinata (L.) Nees (JBA-56) HerbRungia repens (L.) Nees (JBA-662) Kharmor HerbVERBENACEAEClerodendrum inerme (L.) Gaertn. (JBA-679) Vilayati mehndi ShrubClerodendrum multiflorum (Burm. f.) Kuntze (JBA-24) ShrubClerodendrum serratum (L.) Moon (JBA-188) Bharangi ShrubClerodendrum splendens G. Don ex James (JBA-720) ClimberDuranta repens L. (JBA-609) ShrubGmelina arborea Roxb. (JBA-102) Siwan TreeGmelina philippensis Cham. (JBA-619) TreeLantana camara L. var. aculeata (L.) Moldenke (JBA-105) Zai ShrubLantana indica Roxb. (JBA-663) Raimuniya ShrubPhyla nodiflora (L.) E. (JBA-678) HerbTectona grandis L. f. (JBA-109) Sagda TreeVerbena bipinnatifida Schauer (JBA-664) HerbVitex leucoxylon L. f. (JBA-721) Safed nirgundi ShrubVitex negundo L. (JBA-421) Nirgundi ShrubVitex trifolia L. (JBA-637) ShrubLAMIACEAEAnisomeles indica (L.) Kuntze. (JBA-618) Karahi HerbHyptis suaveolens (L.) Poit. (JBA-104) Vilayati tulsi HerbLavandula bipinnata (Roth) Kuntze (JBA-665) HerbLeonotis nepetifolia (L.) R. Br. (JBA-677) Gathora HerbLeucas aspera (Willd.) Link (JBA-106) Bhodaki HerbLeucas cephalotes (Koeing ex Roth) Spreng. (JBA-203) Dhurpi sag HerbOcimum basilicum L. (JBA-165) Jangali Tulsi HerbOcimum canum Sims (JBA-173) Ban tulsa HerbOcimum tenuiflorum L. (JBA-149) Tulsi HerbSalvia aegyptiaca L. (JBA-617) HerbNYCTAGINACEAEBougainvillea glabra Choisy (JBA-623) Boganbel LianaBougainvillea spectabilis Willd. (JBA-636) Boganbel LianaBoerhavia diffusa L. (JBA-40) Punarnava HerbMirabilis jalapa L. (JBA-59) Gulbas HerbAMARANTHACEAEAchyranthes aspera Linn. (JBA-43) Apamarg HerbAchyranthes aspera var. porphyristachya (Wallich ex Moq.) Hook. f. (JBA-676) Chirchita HerbAerva lanata (L.) Juss. ex Schult. (JBA-305) Gorakhganja HerbAerva sanguinolenta (L.) Blume. (JBA-624) HerbAlternathera pungens Kunth (JBA-635) Gurrosag HerbAlternanthera sessilis (L.) R.Br. ex DC. (JBA-42) Gurroo HerbAmaranthus dubius Mart. ex Thell. (JBA-310) Jangali chaulai HerbAmaranthus spinosus L. (JBA-319) Kantachaulai HerbAmaranthus viridis L. (JBA-315) Chaulai HerbCelosia argentea L. (JBA-207) Jangalimurga HerbDigera muricata (L.) Mart. (JBA-14) Lesua Herb

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160

Table 1: ContinuedGomphrena celosioides Mart. (JBA-634) HerbPupalia lappacea (L.) Juss. (JBA-87) Kala liptiya HerbCHENOPODIACEAEChenopodium album L. (JBA-340) Bathua HerbChenopodium murale L. (JBA-388) Bathua HerbBASELLACEAEBasella alba L. (JBA-625) Poibhaji ClimberPOLYGONACEAEAntigonon leptopus Hook. and Arnott (JBA-610) ClimberPolygonum glabrum Willd. (JBA-163) Nandi bhaji HerbRumex dentatus L. subsp. Klotzschianus (Meisn.) Rchb. f.(JBA-616) Amabavah HerbARISTOLOCHIACEAEAristolochia indica L. (JBA-626) Isharmul ClimberPIPERACEAEPeperomia pellucida (L.) Kunth (JBA-633) HerbLAURACEAECassytha filiformis L. (JBA-675) Amarbel ClimberLORANTHACEAEDendrophthoe falcta (L. f.) Etting. (JBA-666) Banda ParasiteLoranthus philippensis Cham. and Schlechtend. (JBA-611) ParasiteViscum articulatum Burm. f. (JBA-674) Madang ParasiteSANTALACEAESantalum album L. (JBA-154) Chandan TreeEUPHORBIACEAEAcalypha ciliata Forssk. (JBA-615) HerbAcalypha indica L. (JBA-01) Kuppi HerbAcalypha wilkesiana Muell. Arg. (JBA-621) ShrubBridelia retusa (L.) spreng. (JBA-93) Agon TreeCodiaenum variegatum (L.) Blume (JBA-667) ShrubCroton bonpalndianus Baill. (JBA-632) HerbDrypetes roxburghii (Wallich) Hurusawa (JBA-614) Kanghi TreeEuphorbia coccinia Roth (JBA-673) HerbEuphorbia dracunculoides Lam. (JBA-668) Chagalputputi HerbEuphorbia fusiformis Buch.-Ham. (JBA-613) Kharkhundiya HerbEuphorbia heterophylla L. (JBA-622) Dudhi HerbEuphorbia heyneana Spreng (JBA-672) Choti Dudhaly HerbEuphorbia hirta L. (JBA-90) Kali dudhi HerbEuphorbia milli Desmoul. (JBA-669) Dudhi HerbEuphorbia nerifolia L. (JBA-136) Thuvar ShrubEuphorbia nivulia Buch.-Ham. (JBA-671) Hathalothuvar ShrubEuphorbia thymifolia L. (JBA-612) Dudhalo HerbEuphorbia tirucalli L. (JBA-627) Thor ShrubJatropha curcas L. (JBA-33) Ratanjyot ShrubJatropha gossypifolia L. (JBA-52) Lal ratanjot ShrubJatropha integerrima Jacq. (JBA-631) ShrubJatropha nana Dalz. (JBA-670) Ratan ShrubPedilanthus tithymaloides (L.) Poit. (JBA-630) ShrubPhyllanthus amarus Schumach. and Thonn. (JBA-356) Bhuin Aanwala HerbPhyllanthus emblica L. (JBA-29) Amla TreePhyllanthus maderaspatensis L. (JBA-97) Kanocha HerbPhyllanthus reticulatus Poir. (JBA-628) ShrubPhyllanthus virgatus G. Forster (JBA-497) HerbRicinus communis L. (JBA-57) Arandi TreeSecurinega leucopyrus (Willd.) Muell. Arg. (JBA-514) Hartho ShrubSynadenium grantii Hook. f. (JBA-506) ShrubURTICACEAELaportea interrupta (L.) Chew. (JBA-506) Lal bichua Herb

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161

Table 1: ContinuedULMACEAEHoloptelea integrifolia (Roxb.) Planch. (JBA-09) Ovala TreeTrema orientalis (L.) Blume (JBA-498) Dandanni ShrubMORACEAEArtocarpus heterophyllus Lam. (JBA-84) Kathal TreeFicus benghalensis L.(JBA-65) Bargad TreeFicus benjamina L. var. nuda (Miq.) Barrett (JBA-505) LianaFicus hispida L. f. (JBA-513) Bhuin gular TreeFicus palmata Forsk. (JBA-507) Khemri TreeFicus racemosa L. (JBA-19) Umari TreeFicus religiosa L. (JBA-36) Peepal TreeFicus virens Dryander (JBA-51) Pakar TreeCASURINACEAECasurina equisetifolia L. (JBA-508) ShrubMONOCOTYLEDONHYDROCHARITACEAEHydrilla verticillata (L.f.) Royle (JBA-512) HerbORCHIDACEAEEulophia herbacea Lindl. (JBA-178) HerbHabenaria commelinifolia (Roxb.) Wallich ex Lindl. (JBA-504) HerbHabenaria digitata Lindl. (JBA-509) HerbHabenaria frucifera Lindl. (JBA-511) HerbHabenaria longicorniculata Graham (JBA-499) HerbHabenaria marginata Colebr. (JBA-503) Vanpyaz HerbMalaxis acuminata D. Don (JBA-500) HerbNervilia aragoana Gaud. (JBA-200) Dudh goliya HerbPeristylus goodyeroides (D. Don) Lindl. (JBA-502) HerbVanda tessellata (Roxb.) Hook. ex G. Don (JBA-550) Banda HerbZINGIBERACEAECurcuma amada Roxb. (JBA-501) Ambahaldi HerbCurcuma longa L. (JBA-510) Haldi HerbCurcuma pseudomontana J. Graham (JBA-405) Jangali Haldi HerbZingiber officinale Roscoe (JBA-569) Adrak HerbCOSTACEAECostus speciosus (J. Koeing) Sm. (JBA-189) Jangali Aadu HerbMUSACEAEEnsete superbum (Roxb.) Cheesman (JBA-220) Choti Keli HerbMusa paradisiaca L. (JBA-233) Kela HerbMusa rosacea Jacq. (JBA-254) Jangali kela HerbCANNACEAECanna flaccida Salisb. (JBA-226) Keli HerbCanna indica L. (JBA-221) Lal keli HerbAMARYLLIDACEAECrinum asiaticum L. (JBA-227) Kanwal HerbZephyranthes flava G. Nicols. (JBA-232) HerbAGAVACEAEAgave americana L. (JBA-222) Hathichikar HerbAgave angustifolia Haw. (JBA-231) Guial HerbAgave cantula Roxb.(JBA-228) Choti guial HerbCordyline terminalis Kunth. (JBA-230) TreeDracaena elliptica Thunb. (JBA-229) ShrubPolyanthes tuberosa L.(JBA-726) Gandha HerbSansevieria hyacinthoides (L.) Druc(JBA-224) HerbHYPOXIDACEAECurculigo orchioides Gaertn. (JBA-133) Kali-musali HerbHypoxis aurea Lour. (JBA-225) Bhuin khajur Herb

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Table 1: ContinuedDIOSCOREACEAEDioscorea bulbifera L. (JBA-239) Kanda ClimberDioscorea hispida Dennst. (JBA-357) Baichandi ClimberDioscorea oppositifolia L.(JBA-101) Bada Kanda ClimberDioscorea pentaphylla L. (JBA-393) Dukkar kanda ClimberLILIACEAEAllium cepa L. (JBA-556) Piyaz HerbAllium sativum L. (JBA-223) Lahsun HerbAloe vera (Linn.) Burm. f. (JBA-98) Gwarpatha HerbAsparagus racemosus Willd. (JBA-391) Sesliya Ghas ClimberChlorophytm tuberosum (Roxb.) Baker (JBA-524) Safedmusli HerbChlorophytum borivilianum Santapau and Fernandis (JBA-99) Dhawali musli HerbGloriosa superba L. (JBA-176) Ranchenadi ClimberIphigenia indica (L.) A. Gray (JBA-214) Jangali lahan HerbUrginea indica (Roxb.) Kunth (JBA-196) Jangali pyaz HerbPONTEDERIACEAEEichhornia crassipes (Mart.) Solms (JBA-538) Jalkumbhi HerbCOMMELINACEAECommelina benghalensis L. (JBA-410) Kenna HerbCommelina erecta L. (JBA-49) Kenna HerbCyanotis arcotensis Rolla Rao (JBA-122) HerbMurdannia nudiflora (L.) Brenan (JBA-530) HerbRhoeo spathacea (Sw.) W.T. Stearn (JBA-537) HerbARECACEAEBorassus flabellifer L. (JBA-555) Tad TreeCocos nucifera L. (JBA-525) Nariyal TreePhoenix sylvestris (L.) Roxb. (JBA-111) Shindi TreeRoystonea regia (Humb., Bonpl. and Kunth) O.F. Cook (JBA-536) Bilayati tad TreePANDANACEAEPandanus odoratissimus L. f. (JBA-529) ShrubTYPHACEAETypha angustifolia L.(JBA-115) Ghav bajara HerbARACEAEAmorphophallus paeoniifoilus (Dennst.) Nicolson (JBA-131) Suran Kand HerbAmorphophallus sylvaticus (Roxb). Kunth (JBA-535) Jangali Suran HerbArisaema tortuosum (Wallich) Schott (JBA-418) Jangali Tad HerbColocasia esculenta (L.) Schott (JBA-389) Arvi HerbRemusatia vivipara (Roxb.) Schott (JBA-531) HerbSauromatum venosum (Aiton) Schott (JBA-249) Pebada HerbTheriophonum minutum (Willd.) Baill. (JBA-526) HerbTyphonium trilobatum (L.) Schott (JBA-534) HerbERIOCAULACEAEEriocaulon quinquqngulare L. (JBA-527) HerbCYPERACEAEBulbostylis barbata (Rottb.) C.B. Clarke (JBA-533) HerbCarex cruciata Wahlenb. (JBA-528) HerbCyperus brevifolius (Rottb.) Hassk. (JBA-532) HerbCyperus cephalotes Vahl (JBA-386) HerbCyperus cuspidatus Kunth (JBA-382) HerbCyperus flavidus Retz. (JBA-92) HerbCyperus platystylis R. Br. (JBA-365) HerbCyperus rotundus L. (JBA-279) Nagarmotha HerbFimbristylis dichotoma (L.) Vahl (JBA-372) HerbFimbristylis squarrosa Vahl (JBA-381) HerbLipocarpha chinensis (Osbeck) Kern (JBA-373) HerbRhynchospora rubra (Lour.) Makino (JBA-366) HerbScirpus articulatus L. (JBA-371) Herb

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Table 1: Continued

POACEAEAllopteropsis cimicina (L.) Stapf (JBA-380) HerbApluda mutica L. (JBA-238) HerbAristida funiculata Trin. and Rupr. (JBA-367) HerbArundinella ciliata (Roxb.) Nees ex Miq. (JBA-374) HerbAvena sativa L. (JBA-379) Oat HerbBambusa arundinaceae (Retz.) Willd. (JBA-172) Vahan TreeBothriochloa glabra (Roxb.) A. Camus (JBA-368) HerbBrachiaria eruciformis (Sm.) Griseb. (JBA-375) HerbCenchrus ciliaris L. (JBA-62) HerbChloris barbata Sw. (JBA-378) HerbChloris virgata Sw. (JBA-370) HerbChrysopogon fulvus (Spreng) Chiov. (JBA-376) HerbCoix lacryma-jobi L. (JBA-369) Mani HerbCymbopogon martinii (Roxb.) Wats. ( JBA-377) Nibu ghas HerbCynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. (JBA-75) Dub HerbDactyloctenium aristatum Link (JBA-392) HerbDendrocalamus strictus (Roxb.) Nees (JBA-408) Bans TreeDesmostachya bipinnata (L.) Stapf (JBA-347) Dabha HerbDichanthium annulatum (Forssk.) Stapf (JBA-316) HerbDigitaria ciliaris (Retz.) Keeler (JBA-349) HerbEichinochloa crusgalli (L.) P. Beauv. (JBA-267) HerbEleusine coracana (L.) Gaertn. (JBA-318) Mandua HerbEragrostiella brachyphylla (Stapf.) Bor (JBA-348) HerbEragrostis ciliaris (L.) R. Br. (JBA-317) HerbEragrostis ciliata (Roxb.) Nees (JBA-660) HerbEragrostis tenella (L.) P. Beauv. ex Roem. and Schult. (JBA-485) HerbEulalia trispicata (Schult.) Henr. (JBA-562) HerbHemathria compressa (L. f.) R. Br. (JBA-641) HerbHeteropogon contortus (L.) P. Beauv. ex Roem. and Schult. (JBA-121) Sukala ghas HerbHordeum vulgare L. (JBA-563) Jau HerbImperata cylindrica (L.) P. Beauv. var. major (Nees) Hubb. ex Hubb. and Vaughan (JBA-394) HerbIschaemum indicum (Houtt.) Merr. (JBA-629) HerbIseilema laxum Hack. in A. DC. (JBA-561) HerbLeptochloa chinensis (L.) Nee (JBA-486) HerbMelanocenchris jacuemontii Jaub. and Spach (JBA-690) HerbOphiuros exaltatus (L.) Kuntze (JBA-699) HerbOplismensus burmannii (Retz.) P. Beauv. (JBA-691) HerbOryza sativa L. (JBA-698) Chawal HerbPanicum notatum Retz. (JBA-692) HerbPanicum sumatrense Roth ex Roem. and Schult. (JBA-697) HerbPaspalidium punctatum (Burm. f.) A. Camus (JBA-30) Torki HerbPaspalum plicatulum Michx. (JBA-695) HerbPennisetum pedicellatum Trin. (JBA-693) HerbPerotis indica (L.) Kuntze (JBA-696) HerbPhragmites karka (Retz.) Trin. ex Steud. (JBA-202) HerbPolypogon monspeliensis (L.) Desf. (JBA-732) HerbRottboelia exaltata L. f. (JBA-700) HerbSaccharum officinarum L.(JBA-705) Ganna ShrubSaccharum spontaneum L. (JBA-78) Kans HerbSacciolepsis interrupta (Willd.) Stapf (JBA-701) HerbSchizostachyum pergracile (Munro) R. Majumdar (JBA-704) Herb

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Table 1: ContinuedSehima nervosum (Rottl.) Stapf (JBA-702) HerbSehima sulcatum (Hack.) A. Campus (JBA-161) HerbSetaria italica (L.) P. Beauv. (JBA-703) HerbSetaria pumila (Poir.) Roem. and Schult. (JBA-79) HerbSetaria verticillata (L.) P. Beauv. (JBA-88) Liptiya HerbSorghum bicolor (L.) Moench (JBA-710) HerbSorghum miliaceum (Roxb.) Snowden (JBA-707) HerbSporobolus diander (Retz.) P. Beauv. (JBA-709) HerbSporobolus indicus (L.) R. Br. (JBA-706) HerbTetrapogon tenellus (Roxb) Chiov. (JBA-708) HerbThemeda quadrivalvis (L.) Kuntze (JBA-541) HerbThemeda triandra Forssk. (JBA-711) HerbThysanolaena maxima (Roxb.) Kuntze (JBA-715) HerbTragus roxburghii Panigrahi (JBA-713) HerbTripogon jacqemontii Stapf (JBA-712) HerbTriticum aestivum L.(JBA-714) Gehu HerbUrochloa panicoides P. Beauv. (JBA-716) HerbVetiveria lawsonii (Hook. f.) Blatt. and McCann (JBA-718) HerbVetiveria zizanioides (L.) Nash (JBA-153) Khas HerbZea mays L. (JBA-717) Makki Herb

Table: 2 Ratio among various groups / taxaGroup/ Taxa Ratio

Monocot to Dicot Families 1: 4.8Genera 1: 3.6Species 1: 3.6

Families to Genera Dicot 1: 3.8Monocot 1: 5.0Total 1: 4.0

Genera to Species Dicot 1: 1.5Monocot 1: 1.4Total 1: 1.4

Fig. 7: Comparative status of species in India, Madhya Pradesh and Jhabua district.

Fig. 8: Ten Dominant families of Jhabua district

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Fig. 9: Distribution of species under families

Fig. 10: Ten Dominant genera of Jhabua district

During study it was observed that a good number of Another important strategy which can protect thespecies are facing threat due to several manmade and forest could be by rehabilitation of the biodiversity of thenatural factors. area. The species on which the tribals are mostly

CONCLUSIONS species etc. should be planted in large scale or cultivated.

Biodiversity of any region plays an important role in indigenous floral and faunal elements. It will also bringestablishing social, cultural and economic environment of together several associated and supporting species andits inhabitants. Most of the customs, rituals, festivals and thus automatically sustain the traditional lifestyle of theother activities of any place community revolve around its tribals.biodiversity. Phytodiversity of Jhabua district comprises Several myths and traditions concerned with forestsa large number of plant species, which have got a wide are an integrated part of tribal’s life and by way of faithrelationship with tribes and other local people. The study and beliefs the forests are preserved by them. Tribals areon floristic diversity of Jhabua district provides the totally unaware about scientific and modern methods butcomplete status of species diversity of angiosperms of the by following such tradition the conservationarea, which is not known yet and thus fulfils the point automatically takes place. Therefore, the message of(Clause 36) given in chapter IX of the Biological Diversity conservation is more meaningful to them through myth,Bill 2000 as well as Article 7 of Convention on Biological faith and traditions rather through scientific approach.Diversity (CBD). Floristic diversity of the study area directly helps the

Tribals of this region are also expert in making management to protect and conserve the biologicalbaskets, mats, ropes, cordages and several other diversity of the sanctuary. The floristic composition hashousehold commodities from plant parts. This knowledge more impact on the distribution of wildlife of the forestcould be utilized in an organized way and kinds of cottage localities. Floristic studies of different geographicalindustries can be established in tribal areas [34]. regions are necessary for proper documentation,

dependent such as, wild edible and timber trees, firewood

It would rejuvenate the eco-system with maximum

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conservation plans and sustainable utilization of the plant 9. Anonymous, 1994. Conservation of Biologicalresources. The present study provides baseline data on Diversity in India: An Approach. Ministry offloral diversity of Jhabua district. The degradation of Environment and Forests, Govt. of India, New Delhi.habitat due to several natural or biotic stresses creates 10. Anonymous, 2000. Report on the Task Force onfavourable grounds to some obnoxious invading species conservation and sustainable use of Medicinaland limitation to primitive or original ones. In order to Plants. Planning Commission, Govt. of India,sustain biodiversity and also to improve soil fertility, there New Delhi.is an urgent need to promote plantation of locally common 11. Gadgil, M., U. Ghate and P. Pramod, 1996.tree in the degraded forest lands. Biodiversity Resource Material, Indian Institute of

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 12. Jain, S.K., 1983. Flora and vegetation of India-An

The authors are thankful to Director, CSIR-National Information Directorate, New Delhi.Botanical Research Institute Lucknow, for encouragement 13. Samvastar, S., 1996. The Flora of Western Tribaland providing facilities to carry out the work. Thanks are (M.P.). Scientific Publishers, Jodhpur.also due to Divisional Forest Officer, Jhabua (M.P.) for 14. Kadel, C., 2006. Ethnobotanical Studies on Tribalextending facilities during the field work. The cooperation Communities of Jhabua district (M.P.). Ph.D. Thesis,of tribal’s of Jhabua district is deeply acknowledged for Jiwaji University, Gwalior.this work. 15. Kadel, C. and A.K. Jain, 2006. Plants used in

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