fluid mechaics 4 project[1]

8/6/2019 Fluid Mechaics 4 Project[1]

1/19

NAME: S J SEGOOA

STUDENT NO: 820406333

COURSE: B-TECH MECHANICALUNIVERSITY OF JOHANNESBURG

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CONTECNT(S)

NAME PAGES

ACKNOWLEGDEMENT 3

AIM 4

NOMECLATURE 4

SUMMARY 5

THEORY BACKGROUND 5

PROBLEM STATEMENT 7

ASSUMPTION 8

FORMULAR SHEET 8

DESING CALCULATIONS 9

FINAL RESULTS 15

DISSCUSSION 16

CONCLUSION 16

RECOMMENDATION 17

APPENDICIES 18

REFFERENCE 17

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ACKNOWLEGDEMENT

This project made as person get to appreciate the important of pipes installation

underground and surface level. Though I had sleepless night trying to get it together.

And it wouldnt have being possible to accomplish what was required of me if it

wasnt the following people

Mrs V Mendes, your knowledge and experience made it possible for me to get

understanding of pipe networks and fluid mechanics in general. Be assured

that your effort, dedication, and hardship you had to go through in making this

course as easy as it a seam has gone to waste.

With out the support and encouragement from my parents, sisters, brothers

and nephew it wouldnt have being easy task to get this project done.

To my girlfriend thanks for the understanding that you have to spent some

time without me as I was busy with this project.

And again without the help of my fellow student I was not going to be an easy

task to get this project and I want to thank and wish you all the best in this

chosen profession.

To all the references that I used I would like to express my gratitudes. They

make putting this project together to be very enjoyable and quite a learning

experience

AIM

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The aim of this project was to determine the amount of flow rate following in each o f

the pipes connected to each other by means of using hardy cross method and others.

And to determine the suitable material to that environment and to meet the need of the

people. The figure below shows the pipe connections that are we must find their flow

rate.

NOMENCLATURE

NAME SYMBOL UNITS

Flow rate Q M3/s

Diameter D m

Length L m

Density(water) m3/kg

Viscosity

Pressure P Pa

Velocity V m/s

Design coefficient C N/AFriction factor N/A

Hazen Williams

coefficient

C N/A

Reynolds number Re

efficiency N/A

Friction Head Hf M

Mass flow M Kg

Power P W

Change -

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SUMMARY

The aim of this project is to help student to think logically and analytically. And also

to make them aware of real situation out the in the world. This project required

student to determine the amount of flow rate in each pipe, select correct diameter,

material friction factor for each pipe. This industrial park consists of 900mm pipedivides into three 450 mm pipes at certain elevation. The 450 mm pipes run to pipe

network at different elevation. And loop 1 & 2 have the same material, loop 3, 4, 5, 6,

& 7 have the same material. All loops have different diameter. And each student had

to use the number a allocated to him and mine was 8m3/s on the X and 5m3/s on the

Y.

THEORY OF FLUID MECHANICS (PIPE NETWORK)

The different methods that we can be used to determine the amount of flow rate anddiameter of the pipe in pipe network. Hardy cross method is the one of the simplest

that we can use.

And the following rules has to be meet in pipe network

1. Flow into each junction must be equal to flow out of each junction.

2. Algebraic sum of head losses round each loop must be zero.

Hardy cross method

The distribution discharge is made arbitrarily but in such a way that the continuity at

each node is being fulfilled.

Head loss in each pipe can be calculated using this formula

Hf= (10.67*l*Q1.852)/(C1.852*D4.8655)

Quantity for each loop is calculated using this formula Q= ( hf)/ [m (hf/Q)]

Corrections are now applied to each pipe loop and all loops.

This procedure is repeated until Q is very small

In most case you have to choose clockwise as positive.

Multiple pipes reach greatest complexity in distribution

Problems, e.g. city water supply

Basic principles are presented here

Pipe network is the aggregation of connected pipes

Used to distribute waterNetwork consists of various size pipes, geometric

Orientations, hydraulic characteristics, plus

Pumps, valves, fittings, etc

Individual pipes numbered 121

Closed circuits given Roman Numerals IVII

Hazen Williamss equations

Advantages to HazenWilliams approach

1. Coefficient Chw is rough measure of relative

Roughness2. Effect of Reynolds number is included in formula

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3. Effect of roughness on velocity are given directly

Disadvantages to HazenWilliams approach

1. Empirical

2. Can not be applied to all fluids in all conditions

Material selection

It is important to select the material that is suitable for water flow underground and

that will be able to sustain all the necessary condition into account like corrosion,

price, fatigue, friction losses, availability and etc. In this mater will discuss the cast

iron asphalt coated and cast iron wrought plain.

Cast Iron is an iron-carbon alloy with a typical carbon content of 3.0-4.5 wt. %. Also

Si (0.5-3.5 wt. %) and small amounts of Mn, S and P are always present. The main

advantages of cast iron are its low price and the ability to make products of a complex

shape in a single production step. Furthermore, cast iron offers a reasonable resistanceagainst corrosion. In general, the mechanical properties are lower than those of cast or

wrought steels, especially when loaded in tension. In compression high loads can be

supported. The mechanical properties of cast iron depend on the morphology of the

carbon. This morphology depends on composition and process parameters. In grey

cast iron the carbon is present in plates (lamellar) of pure graphite. In white cast iron

carbon is incorporated in compound with iron: Fe3C (cementite). In nodular cast iron

the carbon is present in sphere shaped graphite particles (nodulae). Nodular cast iron

has better properties than lamellar, especially tensile strength and strain. Below its a

table of Hazen Williamss coefficient of different material

Material Hazen Williams Coefficient C

Asbestos cement 140

Brass 130-140

Cast iron-new unlined 130

Cast iron-asphalt coated 100

Cast iron-cement lined 150

Cast iron-wrought plain 100

Concrete 100-140

Copper or brass 130-140

PVC, CPVC 150

Steel new unlined 140-150Wooden or masonry pipe smooth 120

Metal pipes-very to extremely smooth 130-140

Ductile iron pipe 140

Galvanized iron 120

Plastic 130-150

In this case I will use cast iron and concrete pipes because it will be able to sustain all

environmental condition and its availability and cost. In loop 1 & 2 is

concrete{C=130} and other loop is cast iron with hazen coefficient {C=150}.

PROBLEM STATEMENT

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Compute the flow rate of water in each pipe using spreadsheet or computer program

for the below.

The figure represent a small industrial park consists of 900mm pipe divides into three

450 mm pipes a certain elevation. The 450 mm pipes run to pipe network at different

elevation. Loop 1 and 2 have the same pipe material, loop 3,4,5,6, and 7 have thesame material. All loops have different diameter.

ASSUMPTION MADE

v

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Our project required us to assume the flow rate and diameter of each pipe and work

from that in order to get the correct flow rate in each pipe. The assumptions made are

table below.

Pipe Diameter(mm) Flow rate(m3/s) Hazen coefficient1 150 1.333 130

2 150 2.834 130

3 150 -2.001 130

4 150 -1.333 130

5 250 -2.001 150

6 250 -3.668 150

7 250 -2.668 150

8 250 1.918 150

9 200 -1.918 130

10 200 -2.5 13011 200 2.5 130

12 300 3.418 150

13 350 1.209 150

14 300 1.209 150

15 350 -0.752 150

16 100 0.955 150

17 100 -0.045 150

18 400 -0.752 150

19 400 -0.293 150

20 400 -1.293 150

21 300 1.295 150

FORMULAR SHEEET

The formulas below are the ones I used calculate the head loss, Q and the new flow

Hf=[10.67*L*Q1.852]/[C1.852*D4.8655] units m

Q= [hf]/ [mhf/Q] units m3/s where m is constant =1.852

f= [0.2083(100/C) 1.852 Q1.852]/D4.8655

Qnew= Qass + Q

Re= (d v )/ for turbulent Re is greater than 4000

DESIGN CALCULATIONS.

The first assumption

pipe D

(mm)

L

(m)

C Q

(m3

/s)

Hf

(m)

Hf/Q Q Qnew

1 150 1000 130 1.333 22545.23 16913.15 -0.206 1.073

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2 150 925 130 2.834 84305.43 229747.86 -1.321 1.513

3 150 1000 130 -2.001 -47838.65 16880.26 0.798 -1.203

4 150 925 130 -1.333 -20854.34 15644.67 -0.206 -1.593

38157.67

79185.94

10 200 1000 130 -2.5 -17822.34` 7128.94 1.061 -1.43911 200 925 130 2.5 16485.67 6594.27 1.061 3.561

9 200 1000 130 -1.918 -10909.77 5688.10 1.533 -0.385

2 150 925 130 2.834 -84305.43 229747.86 1.321 -1.513

-96551.87

49159.34

3 150 1000 130 2.001 47838.65 16880.26 -0.798 1.203

5 250 350 150 -2.001 -3056.65 1527.67 -1.058 -3.059

6 250 671 150 -3.668 -3286.68 896.04 -1.058 -4.726

7 250 400 150 -2.668 -2083.16 780.79 -1.058 -3.726

8 250 650 150 1.918 1837.03 957.78 -0.586 1.332

41248.98

21042.54

9 200 1000 130 1.918 10909.77 5688.10 -1.533 0.385

12 300 800 150 3.418 2714.85 794.28 -0.472 2.946

14 300 650 150 1.209 321.87 266.23 -0.683 0.526

21 300 800 150 -1.295 -449.91 347.42 0.121 -1.174

22 300 1000 150 -3.586 -308.93 1034.28 -0.472 -4.058

8 250 650 150 -1.918 -1837.03 957.78 0.586 -1.332

7950.62

9087.99

13 350 763 150 1.209 178.47 147.62 0.211 1.4215 350 400 150 -0.752 -38.83 51.64 0.623 -0.129

14 300 650 150 -1.209 -321.87 266.23 0.683 -0.526

-182.23

465.49

21 300 800 150 1.295 449.91 347.42 -0.121 1.174

18 400 125 150 0.752 6.34 8.43 -0.181 0.571

19 400 800 150 -0.293 -7.08 24.16 -0.593 -0.886

20 400 125 150 -1.293 -17.29 13.37 -0.593 -1.886

431.88

393.3815 350 400 150 0.752 38.83 51.64 -0.623 0.129

16 100 125 150 0.955 8383.39 8778.42 -0.412 0.543

17 100 400 150 -0.045 -93.62 2080.37 -0.412 -0.457

18 400 125 150 -0.752 -6.34 8.43 0.181 -0.571

8322.26

10918.86

1st correction

pipe D

(mm)

L

(m)

C Q

(m3/s)

Hf

(m)

Hf/Q Q Qnew

1 150 1000 130 1.073 15084.82 14058.54 0.046 1.119

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2 150 925 130 1.513 26367.73 17427.45 0.02 1.533

3 150 1000 130 -1.203 -18643.23 15497.29 0.134 -1.069

4 150 925 130 -1.593 -29007.79 24112.88 0.046 -1.547

-6198.47

72096.16

10 200 1000 130 -1.439 -6407.79 4452.95 0.026 -1.41311 200 925 130 3.561 31741.89 8913.76 0.026 3.587

9 200 1000 130 -0.385 -552.16 1441.67 -0.382 -0.765

2 150 925 130 -1.513 -26362.73 17427.45 -0.02 -1.533

-1580.79

32233.83

3 150 1000 130 1.203 18643.23 15497.29 -0.134 1.069

5 250 350 150 -3.059 -2348.16 767.62 -0.088 -3.147

6 250 671 150 -4.726 -10075.14 2131.85 -0.088 -4.814

7 250 400 150 -3.726 -3866.94 1037.83 -0.088 -3.814

8 250 650 150 1.332 935.12 702.03 -0.496 0.836

3288.11

20136.62

9 200 1000 130 0.385 552.16 1441.67 0.382 0.767

12 300 800 150 2.946 2016.67 699.82 0.408 3.354

14 300 650 150 0.526 68.91 131.01 0.702 1.228

21 300 800 150 -1.174 -375.17 319.56 0.792 -0.382

22 300 1000 150 -4.058 -4663.41 1149.19 0.408 -3.65

8 250 650 150 -1.332 -935.12 702.03 0.496 -0.836

-3359.87

4443.28

13 350 763 150 1.42 240.40 169.30 -0.294 1.12615 350 400 150 -0.129 -1.48 11.50 -0.397 -0.526

14 300 650 150 -0.526 -68.91 131.01 -0.702 -1.228

169.71

311.1

21 300 800 150 1.174 375.17 319.51 -0.792 0.382

18 400 125 150 0.571 3.81 6.66 -0.487 0.084

19 400 800 150 -0.886 -52.67 60.82 -0.384 -1.25

20 400 125 150 -1.886 -37.79 18.45 -0.384 -2.27

288.52

405.4915 350 400 150 0.129 1.48 11.48 0.397 0.526

16 100 125 150 0.543 2946.48 5426.29 0.103 0.646

17 100 400 150 -0.457 -6851.22 14991.73 0.103 -0.354

18 400 125 150 -0.571 -3.81 6.66 0.487 -0.084

-3907.07

20436.17

2nd correction

pipe D

(mm)

L

(m)

C Q

(m3/s)

Hf(m)

Hf/Q Q Qnew

1 150 1000 130 1.119 16304.32 14570.44 0.011 1.13

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2 150 925 130 1.533 27016.88 17623.3 -0.038 1.495

3 150 1000 130 -1.069 -14980.8 14013.88 -0.035 -1.104

4 150 925 130 -1.547 -27016.88 17623.53 0.011 -1.536

1323.52

63831.38

10 200 1000 130 -1.413 -1695.03 4384.31 0.049 -1.36411 200 925 130 3.587 32172.45 8969.18 0.049 3.636

9 200 1000 130 -0.765 -1988.48 2599.32 0.117 -0.648

2 150 925 130 -1.533 -27016.88 17623.53 0.038 -1.495

-3027.94

33576.34

3 150 1000 130 1.069 14980.83 14013.88 0.035 1.104

5 250 350 150 -3.147 -2474.79 786.40 0.046 -3.101

6 250 671 150 -4.814 -10425.34 2165.63 0.046 -4.768

7 250 400 150 -3.814 -4037.79 1058.67 0.046 -3.768

8 250 650 150 0.836 394.64 472.06 0.114 0.95

-1562.45

18496.64

9 200 1000 130 0.767 1988.48 2599.32 -0.117 0.65

12 300 800 150 3.354 2621.46 781.59 -0.068 3.286

14 300 650 150 1.228 331.30 269.79 -0.304 0.924

21 300 800 150 -0.382 -46.90 122.78 -0.318 -0.7

22 300 1000 150 -3.65 -3832.45 1049.99 -0.068 -3.718

8 250 650 150 -0.836 -394.64 472.06 -0.114 -0.95

667.25

5295.53

13 350 763 150 1.126 156.44 138.94 0.236 1.36215 350 400 150 -0.526 -20.03 38.08 0.231 -0.295

14 300 650 150 -1.228 -331.80 269.79 0.304 -0.924

-195.39

446.81

21 300 800 150 0.382 46.90 122.78 0.318 0.7

18 400 125 150 0.084 0.11 1.30 0.245 0.329

19 400 800 150 -1.25 -103.94 83.15 0.250 -1

20 400 125 150 -2.27 -105.96 21.60 0.250 -2.02

-105.96

228.8315 350 400 150 0.526 20.03 38.08 -0.231 0.295

16 100 125 150 0.646 4064.47 6291.75 0.005 0.651

17 100 400 150 -0.354 -4269.31 12060.19 0.005 -0.349

18 400 125 150 -0.084 -0.11 1.30 -0.245 -0329

-184.92

18391.32

3rd correction

pipe D

(mm)

L

(m)

C Q

(m3/s)

Hf(m)

Hf/Q Q Qnew

1 150 1000 130 1.13 16602.38 14692.38 0.005 1.135

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2 150 925 130 1.495 25789.71 17250,65 0.01 1.505

3 150 1000 130 -1.104 -15901.86 14403.86 -0.009 -1.113

4 150 925 130 -1.536 -27114.87 17652.91 0.005 -1.531

-624.64

63999.8

10 200 1000 130 -1.364 -5803.05 4254.43 -0.005 -1.36911 200 925 130 3.636 32991.12 9073.46 -0.005 3.631

9 200 1000 130 -0.648 -1128.23 1735.74 -0.065 -0.715

2 150 925 130 -1.495 -25789.71 17250.65 -0.01 -1.505

270.13

32314.28

3 150 1000 130 1.104 15901.86 14403.86 0.009 1.113

5 250 350 150 -3.101 -2408.22 776.59 0.014 -3.087

6 250 671 150 -4.768 -10241.59 2147.99 0.014 -4.754

7 250 400 150 -3.768 -3948.06 1047.79 0.014 -3.754

8 250 650 150 0.95 205.95 216.79 -0.046 0.904

-490,06

18593.02

9 200 1000 130 0.65 1128.23 1735.74 0.065 0.715

12 300 800 150 3.286 2523.88 768.07 0.060 3.346

14 300 650 150 0.924 195.64 211.73 0.027 1.011

21 300 800 150 -0.7 -143.99 205.69 0.127 -0.573

22 300 1000 150 -3.718 -3965.73 1066.63 0.060 -3.658

8 250 650 150 -0.95 -205.95 216.79 0.046 -0.904

-467.92

4204.65

13 350 763 150 1.362 222.54 163.39 -0.027 1.33515 350 400 150 -0.295 -6.86 23.27 -0.02788 -0.32288

14 300 650 150 -0.924 -195.64 211.73 -0.087 -1.011

20.04

398.39

21 300 800 150 0.7 143.99 205.69 -0.127 0.573

18 400 125 150 0.329 1.37 417 -0.06788 0.26112

19 400 800 150 -1 -68.76 68.76 -0.067 -1.067

20 400 125 150 -2.02 -39.50 19.56 -0.067 -2.087

37.1

298.1815 350 400 150 0.295 6.86 23.27 0.0278 0.32288

16 100 125 150 0.651 4122.92 6333.22 0.00088 0.65188

17 100 400 150 -0.349 -4158.30 11914.91 0.00088 -0.34812

18 400 125 150 -0329 -1.37 4.17 0.06788 -0.26112

-29.89

18275.57

4thcorrection

pipe D

(mm)

L

(m)

C Q

(m3/s)

Hf(m)

Hf/Q Q Qnew

1 150 1000 130 1.135 16738.70 14747.75 0.002 1.137

2 150 925 130 1.505 26110.11 17348.91 -0.011 1.494

12


13/19

3 150 1000 130 -1.113 -16142.78 14503.85 0.004 -1.1081

4 150 925 130 -1.531 -26951.63 17603.94 0.002 -1.529

-2456

64204.45

10 200 1000 130 -1.369 -5842.50 4267.72 0.013 -1.356

11 200 925 130 3.631 32907.15 9062.83 0.013 3.6449 200 1000 130 -0.715 -1754.51 2453.85 0.033 -0.682

2 150 925 130 -1.505 -26110.11 17348,91 0.011 -1.494

-799.97

33133.31

3 150 1000 130 1.113 16142.78 14503.85 -0.0049 1.1081

5 250 350 150 -3.087 -2388.12 773.61 -0.0029 -3.0899

6 250 671 150 -4.754 -10185.97 2142.61 -0.0029 -4.7569

7 250 400 150 -3.754 -3920.94 1044.47 -0.0029 -3.7569

8 250 650 150 0.904 456.15 504.59 0.0171 0.9211

103.9 18969.13

9 200 1000 130 0.715 1754.51 2453.85 -0.033 0.682

12 300 800 150 3.346 2609.89 780.00 -0.020 3.326

14 300 650 150 1.011 231.11 228.60 -0.052 0.959

21 300 800 150 -0.573 -99.38 173.45 -0.054 -0.627

22 300 1000 150 -3.658 -3848.02 1051.95 -0.020 -3.678

8 250 650 150 -0.904 -456.15 504.59 -0.0171 -0.9211

191.96

5192.44

13 350 763 150 1.335 214.44 160.63 0.032 1.367

15 350 400 150 -0.32288 -8.11 25.13 0.0325 -0.290414 300 650 150 -1.011 -231.11 228.60 0.052 -0.959

-24.78

414.36

21 300 800 150 0.573 99.38 173.45 0-054 0.627

18 400 125 150 0.26112 0.893 3.42 0.0354 0.29562

19 400 800 150 -1.067 -75.53 72.66 0.034 -1.033

20 400 125 150 -2.087 -41.96 20.11 0.034 -2.053

-17.217

269.64

15 350 400 150 0.32288 8.11 25.13 -0.0325 0.2908316 100 125 150 0.65188 4133.25 6340.51 -0.00005 0.65183

17 100 400 150 -0.34812 -4138.91 11889.31 -0.00005 -0.34817

18 400 125 150 -0.26112 -0.893 3.42 -0.0345 -0.29562

1.557

18258.37

5th correction

pipe D

(mm)

L

(m)

C Q

(m3/s)

Hf(m)

Hf/Q Q Qnew

1 150 1000 130 1.137 16793.36 14769.89 0.0029 1.1399

2 150 925 130 1.494 25757.78 17240.81 0.00323 1.49723

3 150 1000 130 -1.1081 -16011.41 14449.43 0.00197 -1.10613

13


14/19

4 150 925 130 -1.529 -26886.47 17584.35 0.002 -1.5261

-346.74

64044.48

10 200 1000 130 -1.356 -5740.17 4233.16 -0.00033 -1.35633

11 200 925 130 3.644 33125.68 9090.47 -0.00033 3.64367

9 200 1000 130 -0.682 -1607.49 2357.02 -0.00833 -0.690332 150 925 130 -1.494 -25757.78 17240.81 -0.00323 -1.49723

20.24

32921.46

3 150 1000 130 1.1081 16011.41 14449.43 -0.00197 1.10613

5 250 350 150 -3.0899 -2392.28 774.22 0.00093 -3.08897

6 250 671 150 -4.7569 -10197.48 2143.72 0.00093 -4.75597

7 250 400 150 -3.7569 -3926.55 1045.16 0.00093 -3.75597

8 250 650 150 0.9211 472.25 512.71 -0.00707 0.91403

-32.65

18925.249 200 1000 130 0.682 1607.49 2357.02 0.00833 0.69033

12 300 800 150 3.326 2581.07 776.03 0.008 3.334

14 300 650 150 0.959 209.58 218.54 0.018 0.977

21 300 800 150 -0.627 -117.42 187.27 0.01720 -0.6098

22 300 1000 150 -3.678 -3887.07 1056.84 0.008 -3.67

8 250 650 150 -0.9211 -472.25 512.71 0.00707 -.091403

-78.6

5108.41

13 350 763 150 1.367 224.05 163.90 -0.010 1.357

15 350 400 150 -0.2904 -6.67 22.96 -0.01005 -0.30045

14 300 650 150 -0.959 -209.58 218.54 -0.018 -0.977

7.8

405.40

21 300 800 150 0.627 117.42 187.27 -0.0172 0.6098

18 400 125 150 0.29562 1.12 3.80 -0.00925 0.28637

19 400 800 150 -1.033 -73.02 70.68 -0.00925 -1.0422

20 400 125 150 -2.053 -40.71 29.83 -0.0092 -2.0622

4.81

405.40

15 350 400 150 0.29083 6.67 22.96 0.01005 0.30043

16 100 125 150 0.65183 4132.66 6340.10 0.00005 0.6518817 100 400 150 -0.34817 -4140.01 11890.76 0.00005 -0.34812

18 400 125 150 -0.29562 -1.12 3.80 0.00925 -0.28637

1.137

-1.8

18258.37

SUMMARY OF FINAL RESULTS

pipe D

(mm)

L

(m)

C Q

(m3/s)

Hf(m)

Hf/Q Q Qnew

1 150 1000 130 1.1399 16872.78 14801.98 0.0015 1.1414

2 150 925 130 1.49723 25703.52 17224.10 0.00198 1.494283 150 1000 130 -1.10613 -15958.73 14427.5 -0.0009 -1.10703

14


15/19

4 150 925 130 -1.5261 -26792.10 17555.93 0.0015 -1.5246

-174.53

64009.51

10 200 1000 130 -1.35633 -5742.76 4234.04 -0.00048 -1.35681

11 200 925 130 3.64367 33120.12 9089.77 -0.00048 3.64319

9 200 1000 130 -0.69033 -1644.04 2381.53 0.00002 -0.696312 150 925 130 -1.49723 -25703.52 17224.10 -0.00198 -1.49428

29.8

32921.46

3 150 1000 130 1.10613 15958.73 14427.5 0.0009 1.10703

5 250 350 150 -3.08897 -2390.94 774.03 0.0024 -3.08657

6 250 671 150 -4.75597 -10193.79 2143.37 0.0024 -4.75357

7 250 400 150 -3.75597 -3922.87 1044.71 0.0024 -3.7526

8 250 650 150 0.91403 465.56 509.37 0.0029 0.9169

-83.31

18898.989 200 1000 130 0.69033 1644.04 2381.53 -0.00002 0.69631

12 300 800 150 3.334 2592.58 777.62 0.0005 3.3335

14 300 650 150 0.977 -216.92 222.03 -0.0044 0.9726

21 300 800 150 -0.6098 -111.52 182.89 -0.0057 -0.6155

22 300 1000 150 -3.67 -3871.43 1054.89 -0.0005 -3.6705

8 250 650 150 -.091403 -465.56 509.37 -0.0029 -0.9169

-78.6 5108.41

13 350 763 150 1.357 221.03 162.88 0.0039 1.3609

15 350 400 150 -0.30045 -7.1 26.63 0.00392 -0.29653

14 300 650 150 -0.977 -216.92 222.03 0.0044 -0.9726

-2.99

411.54

21 300 800 150 0.6098 111.52 182.89 0.0057 0.6155

18 400 125 150 0.28637 1.06 3.70 0.00522 0.29159

19 400 800 150 -1.0422 -74.23 71.22 0.0052 -1.037

20 400 125 150 -2.0622 -41.046 29.90 0.0052 -2.057

4.81

405.40

15 350 400 150 0.30043 7.1 26.63 -0.00392 0.29651

16 100 125 150 0.65188 4133.25 63405.51 -

0.000002

0.65186

17 100 400 150 -0.34812 -4138.91 11899.31 -

0.00000

2

-

0.34883

2

18 400 125 150 -0.28637 -1.06 3.70 -0.00522 -0.29159

-1.8

18258.37

Q1=- hf/m (hf/Q) = - (-174.53)/(1.852*64009.51) = 0.00015

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Q2= - hf/m (hf/Q) = - (29.8)/ (1.852*32929.44) =-0.00048

Q3= - hf/m (hf/Q) = -(-83.31)/ (1.852*18898.98) = 0.0024

Q4=- hf/m (hf/Q) = - (5.63)/ (1.852*5128.33) = -0.0005

Q5=- hf/m (hf/Q) = - (-2.99 (1.852*411.54) = 0.0039

Q6=- hf/m (hf/Q) = - (-2.696)/ (1.852*277.71) = 0.0052

Q7=- hf/m (hf/Q) = - (0.38)/ (1.852*75325.15) = -0.000002

NB: refer to free hand sketch of the small industrial park labelling all the info and the

final flow in each pipe. The formulas used are listed above the calculation.

DISCUSSION

The aim of this project was do determine the amount of flow rate in the small

industrial park. And assume the diameter that will be suitable for enough delivery of

water, and selection of pipe material base on its properties, advantage and

disadvantage.

NB The flow rate with negative sings means the flow is anti-clockwise and positive

means the flow is clockwise direction.

From the calculation it can be possible to calculate the Reynolds number and other

fluid parameters since the value of Q, d, L, & hf is know foe each pipe.

The amount of13m3/s its entering the industrial park and 13m3/s is going out of the

industrial park.

CONCLUSION

The project was successfully completed and the amount of flow rate and diameter ofeach pipe now is known and the friction losses in its pipe are known. And now we can

be able to calculate the velocity at which the water is flow and be able to determine if

its Laminar or turbulent because we will be able to get the Reynolds number from Re

= dp v / andother parameters since we have primary parameters. But most of pipe

flow its turbulent flow with Reynolds number above 2400.

RECOMMENDATION

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17/19

It is recommended that the university provide us with the programme to calculate as it

would have made this project easy and save time. And it will be exposing us to the

software so we get to be familiar with it.

REFERENCES

Senior Lecture in Fluid Mechanics: Mrs V Mendes @ University of Johannesburg

htpp://www.engineeringtoolbox.com/hazen-williams-water-d-797.htm

Fluid Mechanics, Fundamentals and applications: Cengel, JA &Cimbala, JM:, 1st

edition, 620.106 CEN

Fluid Mechanics: Douglas, JF & Gasiorek, JM: 2nd edition, 620.106 DOU

Pipes & pipelines principles & practice: Myles K & Associates: 2nd edition, 621.8672

PIP

APPENDEICS

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18/19

Here I have attached series of pipe picture that your can find the industries and rough

work of calculations that took me two weeks to get the correct answers. And copy of

flow/friction loss table for stainless steel pipe and others.

Concrete pipes

18
http://www.freefoto.com/preview/13-68-8?ffid=13-68-8&k=Pipehttp://www.freefoto.com/preview/13-68-6?ffid=13-68-6&k=Pipehttp://www.freefoto.com/preview/13-68-2?ffid=13-68-2&k=Pipehttp://www.freefoto.com/preview/13-68-1?ffid=13-68-1&k=Pipe


19/19

PVC PIPES

NB: Attached copies of calculation rough work.

fluid mechaics 4 project[1]

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