fluvial geomorphic analyses of the llano river and sandy creek basins, central texas, using gis and...
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Fluvial Geomorphic Analyses of the Fluvial Geomorphic Analyses of the Llano River and Sandy Creek Basins, Llano River and Sandy Creek Basins,
Central Texas, using GIS and Arc Central Texas, using GIS and Arc Hydro ToolsHydro Tools
Franklin T. HeitmullerFranklin T. Heitmuller
CE 394KCE 394K
November 29, 2005November 29, 2005
Study AreaStudy Area
0 10 20 30 40 MILES
0 10 20 30 40 KILOMETERS
JUNCTION
MASONLLANO
No
rt h L l a no River
Sou th L lano River
Llano River
Joh
nso
n F
ork
Jam
es R
iver
Sandy Cre e k
Beave
r C
r ee
k
Lake Buchanan
Lake L.B.J.
Llano River Basin11,568 sq.km.4,466 sq.mi.
James River Basin880 sq.km.340 sq.mi.
Beaver Creek Basin565 sq.km.218 sq.mi.
Sandy Creek Basin1,010 sq.km.390 sq.mi.
TEXAS
Lit
tle
De
vils
Riv
er
EXPLANATIONSurface Geology
Quaternary deposits
Cretaceous carbonate rocks
Paleozoic igneous and sedimentary rocks
Colorado RiverSurface Geology and Hydrography of the Llano River and Sandy Creek Basins, Central Texas
Flood RegimeFlood Regime
0
2,000
4,000
6,000
8,000
10,000
12,000
1890 1910 1930 1950 1970 1990 2010
Hydrologic year
An
nu
al p
eak
stre
amfl
ow
, in
cu
bic
met
ers
per
se
con
d
Llano River at Llano, TX (10,857 sq.km.)
Gila River nr. Clifton, AZ (10,386 sq.km.)
Oconee River at Dublin, GA (11,396sq.km.)
ObjectivesObjectives
1.1. Obtain digital elevation models (DEMs) of the Obtain digital elevation models (DEMs) of the study areastudy area
2.2. Obtain 1:24,000 NHD hydrography for study Obtain 1:24,000 NHD hydrography for study areaarea
3.3. Use Arc Hydro Tools to generate GIS datasets Use Arc Hydro Tools to generate GIS datasets for study areafor study area
4.4. Generate longitudinal profiles (plot of elevation Generate longitudinal profiles (plot of elevation and distance downstream) of selected and distance downstream) of selected rivers/streams in study arearivers/streams in study area
5.5. Assess the potential of modeling stream power Assess the potential of modeling stream power in study areain study area
Digital Elevation ModelsDigital Elevation Models 30-meter and 10-meter30-meter and 10-meter
http://seamless.usgs.govhttp://seamless.usgs.gov
Problems with 10-meter in study Problems with 10-meter in study area; vertical stripes of no data; area; vertical stripes of no data; obtained from contact at USGS in obtained from contact at USGS in AustinAustin
30-meter mosaic: 110 mb/2 panels30-meter mosaic: 110 mb/2 panels 10-meter mosaic: 1.81 gb/12 panels 10-meter mosaic: 1.81 gb/12 panels
National Hydrography DatasetNational Hydrography Dataset
· 0 10 20 30 40KILOMETERS
1:24,000 NHD hydrography
http://nhd.usgs.gov
Arc Hydro DatasetsArc Hydro Datasets
Arc Hydro DatasetsArc Hydro DatasetsNortheastern Edge of the Llano River Basin Drainage Divide
EXPLANATION
NHD Subbasin
30-meter DEM Llano Watershed
10-meter Llano Watershed
· 0 250 500 750 1,000METERS
Arc Hydro DatasetsArc Hydro DatasetsLlano River and Sandy Creek Basins
EXPLANATION
NHD Subbasin
30-meter DEM Llano Watershed
10-meter Watershed· 0 4 8 12 16KILOMETERS
Arc Hydro DatasetsArc Hydro Datasets
0 1 2 3 4KILOMETERS ·
Northern Drainage Divide of the Llano River Basin
EXPLANATION
30-meter DEM watershed
10-meter DEM watershed
Arc Hydro DatasetsArc Hydro Datasets
Arc Hydro DatasetsArc Hydro Datasets
Longitudinal ProfilesLongitudinal Profiles
· 0 10 20 30 40KILOMETERS
Llano River
Jam
es R
iver
Bea
ver C
ree
k
Sandy Creek
Rivers Reaches Selected for Longitudinal Profile Generation
Export of selected features from 1:24,000 NHD hydrography data
(1) Need distance downstream. (2) Need elevation data.
Longitudinal ProfilesLongitudinal Profiles
Longitudinal ProfilesLongitudinal Profiles
Allows point features to be created along a line at a user-specified interval (100 meters)
http://www.xtoolspro.com/
Longitudinal ProfilesLongitudinal Profiles
Longitudinal ProfilesLongitudinal Profiles
Longitudinal ProfilesLongitudinal Profiles
Longitudinal ProfilesLongitudinal Profiles
Longitudinal ProfilesLongitudinal Profiles
Longitudinal ProfilesLongitudinal Profiles
Longitudinal ProfilesLongitudinal Profiles
Longitudinal ProfilesLongitudinal Profiles
Beaver Creek Longitudinal Profile
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
0 10,000 20,000 30,000 40,000 50,000 60,000
Downstream Distance (m)
Ele
vatio
n (m
)
Longitudinal ProfilesLongitudinal Profiles
Longitudinal ProfilesLongitudinal Profiles
Stream Power ModelingStream Power Modeling
τ0 = ρgdS, where τ0 is boundary shear stress in newtons
per square meter, ρ is density of water in kilograms per cubic meter, g is the acceleration of gravity in meters per second squared, d is average flow depth in meters, and S is channel slope.
ω = Uτ0, where ω is stream power per unit bed area in
watts per square meter and U is average flow velocity in meters per second.
Can stream power be modeled using GIS?
Stream Power ModelingStream Power Modeling
Start off Start off with with channel channel slope……slope……
Stream Power ModelingStream Power Modeling
Stream Power ModelingStream Power ModelingChannel Slope - North Llano River
EXPLANATION
NorthLlanoRiver
Mean Slope
0.000000 - 207332.000000
207332.000001 - 436893.000000
436893.000001 - 854570.000000
854570.000001 - 1652730.000000
1652730.000001 - 2961940.000000
· 0 6 12 18 24KILOMETERS
Stream Power ModelingStream Power Modeling
· 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8KILOMETERS
North Llano River near Junction, Texas