fly here to sample high o 3. cfors/stem model data flow chart meteorological outputs from rams or...
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![Page 1: Fly here to sample high O 3. CFORS/STEM Model Data Flow Chart Meteorological Outputs from RAMS or MM5 Meteorological Preprocessor CFORS Forecast Model](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062315/5697bf891a28abf838c89b14/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Fly here to sample high O3
![Page 2: Fly here to sample high O 3. CFORS/STEM Model Data Flow Chart Meteorological Outputs from RAMS or MM5 Meteorological Preprocessor CFORS Forecast Model](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062315/5697bf891a28abf838c89b14/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
CFORS/STEM Model Data Flow Chart
Meteorological Outputs from RAMS or MM5
Meteorological Preprocessor
CFORS Forecast Modelwith on-line TUV
Normal meteorological variables:wind velocities, temperature, pressure,water vapor content, cloud water content, rain water content and PV et al
Dust and Sea Saltemissions
Emission Preprocessor
Biomass Emissions
Volcanic SO2 Emissions
Anthropogenic Area Emissions
Biogenic Emissions
Large PointSources
Satellite Observed total O3 (Dobson Unit)
PostAnalysis
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CFORS/STEM Model Data Flow Chart
Meteorological Outputs from RAMS or MM5
Meteorological Preprocessor
CFORS Forecast Modelwith on-line TUV
Normal meteorological variables:wind velocities, temperature, pressure,water vapor content, cloud water content, rain water content and PV et al
Dust and Sea Saltemissions
Emission Preprocessor
Biomass Emissions
Volcanic SO2 Emissions
Anthropogenic Area Emissions
Biogenic Emissions
Large PointSources
Satellite Observed total O3 (Dobson Unit)
PostAnalysis
Tracers/Markers:Tracers/Markers:
SO2/Sulfate DMS
BC OC
Volcanic Megacities
CO fossil CO-Biomass
Ethane Ethene
Sea Salt Radon
Lightning NOx Dust 12 size bins
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Friday’s Forecast
Megacities
Total aerosol
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Propane data from Blake et al.
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Frontal outflow of biomass burning plumes E of Hong Kong
Observed CO(G.W. Sachse, NASA/LaRC)
Observed aerosol potassium(R. Weber, Georgia Tech)
110 115 120 125 130 135 1400
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
CO Scale(ppbv)300+250 to 300200 to 250150 to 200100 to 15050 to 100
110 115 120 125 130 135 1400
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
K(ug/m3)1+0.8 to 10.6 to 0.80.4 to 0.60.2 to 0.40 to 0.2
Biomass burning CO forecast(G.R. Carmichael,U. Iowa)
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Wind Speed Wind Direction
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H2O Vapor
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Measured and Modeled Ethane (Blake et al.) as a Function of Latitude DC8 & P3
Flights
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The catalog of analysis tool. (Over view)
NetCDF (STEM / RAMS output)
Merged data set (from Tang)
Trajectory Program
Trajectory Files
Perl scriptGrADS
GnuplotGMT
scatter plot.comparison plot.
On flight path plot.
Perl scriptGrADS, GMT
Gnuplot
Airmass origin categorize.Regional Ratio calculation.Colored back-trajectories.
Perl scriptGrADS
Flux plot.Monthly average
Perl scriptGMT
Chemical historyon Back trajectory.
Box model
Box model analysis.
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CO under-prediction under 1000m for
TRACE-P
How to increase these model
value ?
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Back Trajectories from High CO point.--- CO > 700
--- CO > 600
--- CO > 500
--- CO > 450
--- CO > 400
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Back Trajectories from High CO point(Zoom & CO > 500 ppbv)
--- CO > 700
--- CO > 600
--- CO > 500
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0 2 4 6 8T IM E (G M T )
0
2
4
6
SO
2 (
pp
bv)
0
2000
4000
6000
8000
He
igh
t (m
)
Prim ary Forecasted S O 2
N esting F rocasted SO 2
F light H e ight
F o reca sted S O 2 C o m p a re to th e C 1 3 0 O b serv a tio n R F 0 6 (04 /11 /2 0 0 1 )
16km-resolution forecasted SO2(ppbv)at 1km layer at 3GMT, 04/11/2001
80km-resolution forecasted SO2(ppbv)at 1km layer at 3GMT, 04/11/2001
Effect of Model Resolution
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Data from Clarke et al.
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1000 ppbv of CO, 10 ppbv of HCHO, 100 ppbv of O3
Fresh plumes out of ShanghaiShanghai, < 0.5 day in age
% Urban HCHO% Urban HCHOFlight PathFlight Path Back Traj.Back Traj.
Characterization of Urban Pollution
Flight DC8-13 : 03/21/2001
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0
50
100
150
200
250
Be
ijing
Tia
njia
n
Wu
ha
n
Taiyu
an
Gu
an
gzh
ou
Ho
ng
kon
g
Gu
iyan
g
Ch
on
gq
ing
Sa
nto
u
Qin
gd
ao
Sh
an
gh
ai
Se
ou
l-Inch
on
Pu
san
Kin
ki
Tokyo
Sa
igo
n
Ma
nila
Ba
ng
kok
5-5.54.5-54-4.53.5-43-3.52.5-32-2.51.5-21-1.50.5-10-0.5
Color code Color code indicates indicates plume age plume age in days in days from that from that citycity
984 984 out of out of 22382238
No.
of
Poin
tsCharacterization of Urban Pollution
Back Trajectory Analysis
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Analysis of Data by City for Ages<1dayQuindao Pusan
SO2/CO (O) 0.018 0.013
“ (M) 0.015 0.013
NOy/SO2 (O) 0.36 1.20
“ (M) 0.61 1.93
C2H6/C2H2 (O) 1.74 1.73
“ (M) 2.46 2.44
C2H2/CO (O) 0.0043 0.005
“ (M) 0.006 0.007
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VGEO-Langley
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The CFORS forecast (upper left) of the two dust systems are shown above. The dust plume (pink) represents the region with dust concentrations greater than 200 grams/m3. White indicates clouds. The SeaWifs satellite image (upper right) also clearly shows the accumulation of dust spiraling into the Low Pressure center. Also note the strong outflow of dust in the warm sector “ahead” of the front over the Japan Sea. The two systems are clearly seen in the satellite derived TOMS-AI (aerosol index) (lower right). The dust event is clearly seen in the China SEPA air pollution monitoring network. Lower left hand panel shows extremely large ground level concentrations (http://www.ess.uci.edu/~oliver/tracep/airqual/index.html). The sandstorm and sand-drifting weather, which swept across most parts of China caused severe visibility and air quality problems
http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/20010409/395181.htm
NASA-Seawifs
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6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Dust (g/m3)
6 7 8 9 10 11 12
6
4
2
0
Sulfate (g/m3)
Black Carbon (g/m3)
6 7 8 9 10 11 12
6
4
2
0
6
4
2
0
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April 9 April 12
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Surface reflection
Ice cloud
Water cloud
EP/TOMS Total Ozone (Dobson)
DustBlack CarbonOrganic CarbonSulfateOther PM2.5 and Other PM10
Sea Salt
absorption by gas-phase species O3, SO2 and NO2
Inputted from STEM 3-D field
STEM TOP15km
O3 (Dobson) below STEM top height
TUV TOP80km
Overtop O3 =
STEM on-line TUV overview
Output:30 kinds of J-valuesfor SAPRC99mechanism
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J’s OH & HO2
J
OH
HO2
Photolysis data: Shetter (NCAR)
OH/HO2: Brune (Penn St.) and Contrell (NCAR)
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Simulations for Sensitivity Study
NORMAL: standard STEM simulation. Aerosol and cloud optical properties are explicitly considered
NOAOD: STEM simulation without aerosol optical properties, but with cloud impacts.CLEARSKY: STEM simulation without aerosol or cloud optical
properties.
J[O3 O1D+O2] J[NO2 O3P+NO]For TRACE-P all DC-8 and P-3 Flights:
Data from Shetter et al.
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Cloud and Aerosol Impacts on Photolysis Rates for All TRACE-P Flights
Aerosol Impacts = NORMAL – NOAODCloud Impacts = NOAOD – CLEARSKY
AerosolExtinction
J[NO2] J[O1D]
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Cloud and Aerosol Impacts on Chemical Species via Photolysis Rates for All TRACE-P Flights
OHHCHO O3
NOxEthane PAN
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Influence on NOx below 1km via Photolysis Rates: March Daytime Average
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Cloud and Aerosol Impacts on Chemical Species via Photolysis Rates for All TRACE-P Flights
OHHCHO O3
NOxEthane PAN
Heterogeneous chemistry plays an additional role….
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Observed and calculated O3 on C-130 flight 6 (April11): Red line w/o heter. Chem; light blue with.
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IGAC ITCT Y2K Experiment
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Integration of Measurements and Models
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U. Iowa/Kyushu/Argonne/GFDL