flying fingers

33
Addressing Issues in Braille Reading Fluency

Upload: hayden-cooper

Post on 30-Dec-2015

53 views

Category:

Documents


2 download

DESCRIPTION

Flying Fingers. Addressing Issues in Braille Reading Fluency. Reading Fluency. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

TRANSCRIPT

Page 1: Flying Fingers

Addressing Issues in Braille Reading Fluency

Page 2: Flying Fingers
Page 3: Flying Fingers

Reading Fluency• Reading fluency refers to a level of

reading accuracy and rate where decoding is relatively effortless; where oral reading is smooth and accurate with correct prosody (expression); and where attention can be allocated to comprehension” (Wolfe & Katzir-Cohen, 2001, p. 219).

Page 4: Flying Fingers

Reading FluencyPertains to both oral and silent reading

• Accuracy: Recognizing words automatically, with little effort

• Speed: Rate of reading, words per minute

Page 5: Flying Fingers

Reading Fluency• Appropriate expression: Using phrasing,

tone and pitch so that oral reading sounds conversational

• Comprehension: Understanding that is evaluated through retellings, answering questions, discussion, dramatic interpretation, art, etc.

Page 6: Flying Fingers

Fluency Issues(Jerry Johns)

• Type 1: The student reads fluently (sounds good) but exhibits little comprehension

• Type 2: The student struggles with words and meaning

• Type 3: The student stumbles over words but has surprisingly strong comprehension

Page 7: Flying Fingers

Fluency Issues

(Jerry Johns)

• Type 4: The student reads material slowly, at or near grade level, with acceptable to good comprehension

• Type 5: The student’s oral reading lacks prosody (a factor of comprehension)

• Type 6: The student has generally poor reading skills and is functioning far below grade level

Page 8: Flying Fingers

Print: Typical Oral Reading Speeds (Hasbrouck and Tindal, 2006)

Grade Words per minute

(50th percentile (Spring))

1 53

2 89

3 107

4 123

5 139

6 150

7 150

8 151

Page 9: Flying Fingers

ABC Study: Oral Reading Fluency Results (BRI, Jerry Johns)

Grade WPM range

Mean OFR for sighted students @ 50 percentile*

1 16 - 48 34.13 53

2 19 – 89

47.52 89

3 21 - 86

53.19 107

4 15 - 115

62.44 123

* Hasbrouk and Tindal, 2006

Page 10: Flying Fingers

Factors that Impact Fluency• Word recognition: fast, accurate

• Having large sight word vocabulary

• Reading widely and often provides practice to solidify skills and promotes confidence in reading

• Opportunities to participate in oral reading

• Listening to teachers read aloud on a daily basis to provide a model

Page 11: Flying Fingers

Additional Factors that may Influence Fluency for Braille Readers

• Tactile perceptual abilities and hand use

• Knowledge of contractions

• Availability of braille materials

• Opportunities for regular reading practice

Page 12: Flying Fingers

Poor reading fluency

• When a student must expend energy on decoding words there is little concentration left for comprehension

• A student who has trouble recognizing/reading words has limited reading fluency and therefore, limited comprehension

Page 13: Flying Fingers

Reading fluency

• Fluency increases comprehension

• Fluency with text helps to affirm and support a student’s positive perception as a reader

Page 14: Flying Fingers

Detecting Fluency Issues

• Basic Reading Inventory• Jerry Johns

• Diagnostic Reading Scales• Spache

• Woodcock Johnson

• Dibels

• Running Records and Miscue Analysis

• Braille Reading Miscue Analysis

Page 15: Flying Fingers

Arianna

• Eighth grade

• Diagnostic Reading Scales: fourth grade level

Page 16: Flying Fingers
Page 17: Flying Fingers

Tactile Perceptual Skills: Hand use

• Reading Mechanics– Spatial skills– Finger use– Finger and hand position– Lightness of touch

Page 18: Flying Fingers

Hand Use

Page 19: Flying Fingers

Hand Use

Page 20: Flying Fingers

Tactile Perceptual Skills: Character Recognition

• Character recognition– Tactile perceptual skills

– Accurate character recognition– Light touch – Understanding of dot configuration (memory)

– Issues• Reversals• Scrubbing

Page 21: Flying Fingers

Character Recognition

Page 22: Flying Fingers

Fluency Building Strategies

• Model oral reading

• Match students’ reading abilities to appropriate materials for instruction– Offer daily opportunities for students to read easy

materials independently

• Provide guided oral reading opportunities

Page 23: Flying Fingers

Fluency Building Strategies

• Repeated Readings

• Assisted Reading

Page 24: Flying Fingers

Fluency Building Strategies

• Teacher read alouds

• Language experience

• Phonemic awareness

• Building a basic sight vocabulary

• Word identification: Decoding strategies (Jerry Johns)

Page 25: Flying Fingers

Strategies

Page 26: Flying Fingers

Supplemental Intervention Reading Programs

• Examples:– Read Naturally– Fast Track Reading– Wilson Fluency/Basic

• Reviews: – Florida Center for Reading Research (www.fcrr.org)– Oregon Reading First Center

(www.oregonreadingfirst.oregon.edu/inst_curr_review)

Page 27: Flying Fingers
Page 28: Flying Fingers

Braille Fluency Building BlocksMechanical Skills

• Exhibits few regressive hand movements (either vertically or horizontally)

• Uses very little pressure when touching braille dots

• Utilizes two handed reading technique in which the left hand locates the beginning of the next line, while the right hand finishes reading the previous line.

Page 29: Flying Fingers

Braille Fluency Building BlocksMechanical Skills

• Uses at least four fingers at all times

• Demonstrates the ability to scan efficiently when reading both vertical and horizontal format.

• Demonstrates the ability to read letter accurately without confusing letters that are mirror images of other letters.

Page 30: Flying Fingers

Braille Fluency Building BlocksConsistent Character Recognition

–Precision Teaching

Over-learning

Page 31: Flying Fingers

Building Speed (Jerry Whittle)

Provide instruction that includes:• Daily reading practice, using materials that are

easy and interesting• Setting goals and charting progress

– # of pages– Words per minute

• Schedule braille reading when student is least fatigued

• Practice reading aloud

Page 32: Flying Fingers

Technology

Video

Page 33: Flying Fingers

Technology

• Video clip