fm2000a amplifier package user's manual

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FM2000AAmplifier Package

User's Manual

©2005 Crown Broadcast, a division of International Radio and Electronics, Inc.25166 Leer Drive, Elkhart, Indiana, 46514-5425 U.S.A.

(574) 262-8900

ii

Revision ControlRevision Print Date

Initial Release (Rev. 0) 900415-1 November 1998

Second Printing 130319-1 November 1999

Third Printing April 2002

Important Notices©2005, Crown Broadcast, a division of International Radio and Electronics, Inc.

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, transmitted,transcribed, stored in a retrieval system, or translated into any language in anyform by any means without the written permission of Crown International, Inc.

Printed in U.S.A.

Crown attempts to provide information that is accurate, complete, and useful.Should you find inadequacies in the text, please send your comments to thefollowing address:

International Radio and Electronics25166 Leer Drive, P.O. Box 2000

Elkhart, Indiana, 46515-2000 U.S.A.

dpettifor

Fourth Printing

dpettifor

May 2005

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ContentsContentsContentsContentsContentsSection 1—Getting Acquainted1.1 Your Amplifier Package ..................................................................................... 1-21.2 Amplifier Package Specifications ...................................................................... 1-31.3 Safety Considerations ....................................................................................... 1-41.3.1 Dangers ........................................................................................................ 1-41.3.2 Warnings ...................................................................................................... 1-41.3.3 Cautions ....................................................................................................... 1-4

Section 2—Installation2.1 Operating Environment .....................................................................................2–22.2 Tools Required ..................................................................................................2–22.3 Unpacking .........................................................................................................2–22.4 Preinstallation ...................................................................................................2–32.4.1 Power Amplifier Modules .............................................................................2–32.4.2 Hubble Twist Lock® Connector Wiring ........................................................2–42.5 Installation ........................................................................................................2–52.6 Remote I/O Connection .....................................................................................2–6

Section 3—Operation3.1 Initial Power-up Procedures..............................................................................3–23.2 Power Switches ................................................................................................3–43.2.1 AC Input Circuit Breaker ...............................................................................3–43.2.2 DC Power Switch ..........................................................................................3–53.2.3 Interlock Switch ............................................................................................3–53.3 Digital Multimeter .............................................................................................3–63.4 Fault Indicators .................................................................................................3–73.5 Fuse Indicators .................................................................................................3–8

Section 4—Principles of Operation4.1 PA2000 Power Amplifier ...................................................................................4–24.1.1 Power Modules ............................................................................................4–24.1.2 Power Combiner Board ................................................................................4–24.1.3 Backplane Assembly .....................................................................................4–34.1.3.1 Backplane DC Interconnect Board ........................................................4–34.1.3.2 Input Divider Board ...............................................................................4–34.1.3.3 Output Combiner Board ........................................................................4–34.1.4 Output Filter & Reflectometer .......................................................................4–34.1.5 Metering and Control Board .........................................................................4–44.1.6 DC Fuse and Power Distribution Board ........................................................4–44.1.7 Cooling Fans .................................................................................................4–4

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4.2 PS2000 Power Supply ...................................................................................... 4–54.2.1 AC Input Board ............................................................................................. 4–54.2.2 PFC (Power Factor Correcting) Switching Board .......................................... 4–54.2.3 DC Output Board .......................................................................................... 4–64.2.4 Cooling Fans ................................................................................................. 4–6

Section 5—Troubleshooting5.1 Troubleshooting Flow Chart Analysis ................................................................ 5–25.2.1 In Ref (Input Drive Reference) ...................................................................... 5–35.2.2 SWR (Standing Wave Ratio) ........................................................................ 5–35.2.3 ALC (Automatic Level Control) ..................................................................... 5–35.2.4 Power Out .................................................................................................... 5–35.2 Digital Multimeter Parameters .......................................................................... 5–35.2.5 PA Temp ....................................................................................................... 5–45.2.6 PA Voltage .................................................................................................... 5–45.2.7 Tot Current ................................................................................................... 5–45.2.8 PA1–8 ........................................................................................................... 5–45.3 Fault Indicators ................................................................................................. 5–55.3.1 Antenna ........................................................................................................ 5–55.3.2 RF Drive ........................................................................................................ 5–55.3.3 PA Temp ....................................................................................................... 5–55.3.3.1 Potential Causes for Non-functioning Cooling Fans .............................. 5–55.3.4 PA DC ........................................................................................................... 5–65.3.5 Multiple Indicators........................................................................................ 5–6

Section 6—Reference Drawings6.1 Views ................................................................................................................ 6–26.2 Diagrams and Schematics ................................................................................ 6–3

Section 7—Service and Support7.1 Service .............................................................................................................. 7–27.2 24–Hour Support .............................................................................................. 7–27.3 Spare Parts ....................................................................................................... 7–2

Glossary

Index

Getting Acquainted 1–1

IINFORMATION

Section 1—Getting Acquainted

This section provides a general description of the FM2000Apower amplifier system and introduces you to safety conventionsused within this document. Review this material before install-ing or operating the amplifier and power supply.

FM2000A User’s Manual

I

1–2

1.1 Your Amplifier Package

The FM2000A is a highly efficient amplifier package designed to set a new standardin FM transmitter design offering modularity, ease of use, and long-term reliabil-ity. The FM2000A package includes a PA2000 amplifier, PS2000 power supply, andan FM2K accessory pack.

The PA2000 broadband amplifier requires no tuning and typically provides 80% RFefficiency across the band. The PS2000 power supply is power factor corrected and90% efficient. Modern MOSFET technology ensures high AC to RF efficiency(better than 70% overall) and long-term reliability. The unmatched efficiency ofthis power amplifier significantly improves your bottom line by providing cooleroperation and lower power costs.

These modular units are uniquely designed to be lightweight and compact forconvenient shipping, and require only seven RU spaces for installation. Installa-tion is made simple with just three interconnections between the amplifier andpower supply. In addition, built-in digital metering and status indicator capabili-ties enable intuitive operation to further augment the user-friendly design.

Economic long-term reliability is ensured through our carefully engineered solid-state design. The PA2000 features four field-replaceable 500–watt power modules.

This power amplifier delivers 500 to over 2000 watts of RF power output. Use yourexisting exciter or purchase the FM2000T which includes our award-winningFM100 exciter for an unbeatable 2 kW transmitter package.

Illustration 1–1 FM2000A Amplifier Package

Fault

AntennaRF DrivePA TempPA DC

PA1PA2PA3PA4

PA5PA6PA7PA8

Power OutPA TempPA VoltageTot CurrentALC

SWRIn Ref

Metering

PA1 PA2 PA3 PA4 PA5 PA6 PA7 PA8

Fuses

®

®

Power

I

O

Getting Acquainted 1–3

1.2 Amplifier Package SpecificationsRF Power Output: 200 to 2200 watts continuous with controlled

power adjust, with remote controlled powercapability

RF Drive Requirement: 50-70 watts for full output

RF Output Impedance: 50 watts (unbalanced)

Maximum SWR: 1.7:1 (With power foldback at high SWR)

Frequency Range: 87–108 MHz

RF Harmonics/Spurious Products: Better than –80 dB

Asynchronous AM S/N Ratio: Better than 55 dB with 100% modulation @400 Hz, no de-emphasis, no FM modulation(typically > 60 dB)

Synchronous AM S/N Ratio: Better than 55 dB with 100% modulation @400 Hz, no de-emphasis, FM modula-tion = 75 kHz @ 400 Hz (typically > 60 dB)

Operating Environment:

Temperature Range: 0°–50°C at sea level

Humidity Range: 0–80% at 20°C, noncondensing

AC Power: 240 volts AC +10/-15%, 50–60 Hz

Power Consumption: 2800 watts at 2000 watts RF output typical

Power Factor: .96 typical

Overall Efficiency: 70% typical

RF Output Connector: 7/8 inch EIA flange, 7–16 inch DIN optional

Power Amplifier Chassis: 7 x 17.25 x 23 inches (17.78 x 43.82 x58.42 cm) exclusive of rack ears, butinclusive of connectors

Power Supply Chassis: 5.25 x 17.25 x 23 inches(13.34 x 43.82 x 58.42 cm)exclusive of rack ears

Weight: PA2000—57.5 pounds (26.1 kg)RF PA Modules —8 pounds (3.6 kg) eachPS2000—43 pounds (19.5 kg)

Note: System performance is specified using Crown BroadcastModel FM100 Exciter where applicable.

FM2000A User’s Manual

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1–4

1.3 Safety Considerations

Crown Broadcast assumes the responsibility for providing you a safe product andsafety guidelines during its use. “Safety” means protection to all individuals whoinstall, operate, and service the transmitter as well as protection of the transmitteritself. To promote safety, we use standard hazard alert labeling on the product andin this manual. Follow the associated guidelines to avoid potential hazard.

1.3.1 DangersDANGER represents the most severe hazard alert. Extreme bodily harm or deathwill occur if DANGER guidelines are not followed.

1.3.2 WarningsWARNING represents hazards which could result in severe injury or death.

1.3.3 CautionsCAUTION indicates potential personal injury or equipment or property damage ifthe associated guidelines are not followed. Particular cautions in this text alsoindicate unauthorized radio-frequency operation.

Illustration 1–3 Sample Hazard Alert

Severe shock hazard!

Turn power off andwait approximately 1minute for capacitorsto discharge beforehandling them.

WARNINGType of Hazard

Pictorial Indicationof Hazard

Explanationof Hazard

2–1Installation

Section 2—Installation

This section provides important guidelines for installing yourpower amplifier and power supply. Review this information care-fully for proper installation.

®

2–2 FM2000A User’s Manual

2.1 Operating EnvironmentYou can install the FM2000A amplifier system in a standard 19–inch componentrack or on a suitable surface such as a bench or desk. In any case, the area shouldbe as clean and well-ventillated as possible. The power supply must be installeddirectly above or below the power amplifier (for the included dressed cables toreach their respective connectors).

2.2 Tools RequiredTo install the power supply and power amplifier, you will need the following tools:

Medium phillips screwdriver

Medium flat-blade screwdriver

Small flat-blade screwdriver

7/16–Inch wrench or nut driver

ESD (Electrostatic Discharge) protection grounding strap and/or mat.

2.3 UnpackingBefore handling any exposed printed circuit boards, ground yourself with anantistatic strap and/or mat.

The power amplifier, power supply, and two power amplifier modules are packedand shipped in individual boxes because of their modular nature. (The FM2Kaccessory kit is packed inside one of the two power amplifier module boxes.) Foradded protection, both the PA2000 amplifier and PS2000 supply are packed in aninner box and then placed inside an outer box with styrofoam protective corners inboth boxes. You will need to unpack a total of four boxes (plus two inner boxes).

Note: Save the boxes and packaging material that the individualunits are packed in should you need to return them for factoryservice.

CAUTIONPossible equipment damage!Guard against electrostatic dischargethrough electronic components.

2–3Installation

2.4 Preinstallation

2.4.1 Power Amplifier ModulesThe PA2000 incorporates four power amplifiers (two each in two modules). Due topossible damage during shipment, the power modules have been removed. Followthese steps to install the modules:

1. Remove the front panel of the PA2000 (four screws).

2. Taking ESD precautions (see page 2–2), unpack the power modules and placethem on your work area with the circuit sides up.

3. The warning labels on the front of the modules should all be positioned to thecenter of the chassis, also note the position of the connector on the modulesand in the chassis.

4. Insert the four power modules, using their slide rails, into the built in chan-nels of the right-side cavity and two (upside down) in the left cavity as shownbelow. Note that the connectors and warning labels are nearest the middlewall or partition of the PA2000.

Illustration 2–1 Power Amplifier Module

5. Be sure the modules are pushed in completely so that the connector makesproper contact.

6. Replace the front panel of the PA2000.

Illustration 2–2 Power Amplifier Module Placement

Middle Partition

Module B(amps 3 & 4)

Module D(amps 7 & 8)

Connector

Slide Rail

Warning Label

Module A(amps 1 & 2)

Module C(amps 5 & 6)


WARNING

2.4.2 Hubble Twist Lock® Connector Wiring

Prepare the wiring for the Hubble Twist-Lock® connector in the following mannerbefore connecting to your AC power source:

1. Use round cord with a diameter of 0.385–0.780 inches (10–20 mm), Type SJ12/3 – 10/3; Type S 16/3 – 10/3.

2. Select conductor size from your National Electrical Code®.

3. Slide the cover onto the cord. Remove insulation from cable and conductorsas shown in Illustration 2–3. Do not tin conductors.

5. Tighten terminal screws to 18 pound•inches (2.1 N•m) of torque.

6. Tighten assembly screws to 10 pound•inches (1.1 N•m) of torque.

7. Tighten cord clamp screws to 10 pound•inches (1.1 N•m) of torque.

Terminal

Green Hex Head Screw Equipment grounding conductor(green or green/yellow)

Conductor

Brass Screw Hot circuit conductor, 240 VAC(NOT white, NOT green)

Brass/Black Screw Hot circuit conductor, 240 VAC(NOT white, NOT green)

4. Loosen terminal screws. Insert conductors fully into proper terminals ac-cording to the table below. Take caution that there are no stray wire strands.

Illustration 2–3 Cover, Cable & Conductors

1 Inch(25 mm)

5/8 Inch(16 mm)

Possible Electric Shock Hazard!

Do not connect AC source until allother connections are made andinstallation is complete.

2–5Installation

2.5 Installation1. Mount the units in an appropriate 19–inch wide cabinet. The power supply

must be installed directly below the power amplifier for the included cablesto reach their respective connectors (see illustration 2–4 below).

Note: The PS2000 weighs approximately 43 pounds (19.5 kg); thePA2000, approximately 57.5 pounds (26.1). Use help to install.

2. Ensure that the PS2000 power switch is off, the circuit breakers of the 240VAC source on the back panel are off, and the AC connector is not plugged in.

3. Install the exciter source (such as a Crown Broadcast FM100) according to itsinstructions.

4. Connect the RF input cable from the exciter source to the N connector on theback of the PA2000.

5. Connect the RF output cable (from the antenna) to the 7/8 EIA or 7-16 DINconnector on the back of the PA2000.

6. Connect one end of the supplied control cable to the 9–pin D-sub connectoron the PA2000.

7. Connect the other end of the control cable to the 9–pin D-sub connector onthe PS2000.

Illustration 2–4 Rear Panel Connections

RF Input

Remote I/O

Control

RF Monitor(Optional Connection)

RF Output

Circuit Breakers

+ DC Input

DC Input

+ DC Output

DC Output

Air Intakes/Filters

FansPower

Control

OFF OFF

240 VAC IN

PA2000

PS2000

Ground Screws

Air Exhaust Vents


8. Using the supplied connector, tie together pins 6 and 7 of the Remote I/Oconnector. The amplifier will not operate without this connection or aremote switch on these pins. (See Section 2.6 for Remote I/O connection.)

9. If monitoring of the output signal is desired, connect the RF monitor cable tothe BNC connector on the PA2000.

10. Connect the DC input/output cables between the PA2000 and the PS2000 asillustrated (Illustration 2–4). The connector end with the ground lead con-nects to the PA2000. Be sure to attach the ground leads as indicated.

Note: The power lead shield is only grounded at the PA chassis.

11. Install the covers over the DC terminals of the PA2000 and the PS2000 usinghardware form the hardware kit (1/4–inch X 6–32 bolts with lock washers).

12. Connect to your AC power source by inserting the Hubble Twist-Lock connec-tor into the female Hubble connector on the PS2000 and turn to the rightuntil the connection locks.

2.6 Remote I/O ConnectionThe Remote I/O Connector on the back of the PA2000 allows remote control andmonitoring of Certain transmitter functions. There are three basic control func-tions—AC on/off, RF power level adjustment, and RF down/off.

The AC power on/off remote control function, available at pin 7 of the Remote I/OConnector, turns DC power to the PA on when the pin is grounded.

The RF power level adjustment remote control function has an internal maximumlimit set on the Metering and Control Board. The Local Power Adjust (R62) setsthe maximum limit of RF power output. The limit is set by placing the Remote/Local switch (SW5) in the LOCAL position and adjusting the Local Power Adjust toyour desired maximum limit (see illustrations 2–5 and 2–6). However, for anyremote operation to work, the Remote/Local slide switch must be in the REMOTEposition. Then the on-board remote RAISE and LOWER push buttons and anyexternal remote switches attached to pins 4 and 15 of the I/O Connector can adjust

LOCAL

MAXIMUM

+5V

LOCALPOWERADJUST

MINIMUM

REMOTE

TANSMITTERCONTROL

SW3RAISE

SW4LOWER

SW5

R62

Electro-ControlCircuit

REMOTERAISE POWER

Pin 4Remote I/O Conn.

REMOTELOWER POWER

Pin 15Remote I/O Conn.

Illustration 2–5 Local and Remote Functions

2–7Installation

For remote I/O (Input/Output) connection, connect your remote I/O cable fromyour remote control location to the 25–pin (female) D-sub connector on the backpanel of the PA2000. The I/O Connector on the power amplifier is described in thefollowing diagram:

Illustration 2–7 Remote I/O connector (back panel view)

Illustration 2–6 On-board Remote Power & Related Controls

Local/RemoteSlide Switch

On-board RemotePower Adjust

Buttons

Local Power AdjustPot

Another remote control function, available at pin 5 of the Remote I/O Connector,turns RF down/off. Connecting this pin to ground through a resistor allows theRF power output level of the amplifier to be reduced below the internal limit set bythe Local Power Adjust pot or the remote Raise/Lower settings. However, somedrive power, less than one watt, may still be present at the antenna. Depending onthe resistor used, this pin can serve as a control for optional low power operation.

The remaining remote functions are for monitoring the various parametersof the PA2000. They are either buffered metering outputs, direct reading, orlatched high/low indications. Further details of these functions are described inthe pin-out table on page 2–8.

Note: If Remote I/O controls are not used, tie pin 7 to pin 6 (GND.).

the level up to that limit and down to zero. When a specific output power level isset, the Metering and Control Board controls and maintains the setting to keep thepower constant. The location of the Local Power Adjust (R62), the on-board Raiseand Lower switches (SW3 & SW4), and the Local/Remote slide switch (SW5) areshown below.

25 14

13 1

The Remote I/O Connector Pinout Table on the next page summarizes the RemoteI/O pin connections.


Remote I/O Connector Pinout Table

Pin # Function

1 PA#8 Current Monitor (a buffered metering output with 1 V = 2 A)


3 Ground

4 Remote RAISE Power (a momentary switch, on this pin, when held low willraise the power level 10 watts every 0.5 seconds)

5 Remote RF Power Control (a resistor to ground on this pin reduces RFpower output level below internal limits. See Section 2.6, page 2–7)

6 Ground

7 Remote AC Power On (a latching switch, on this pin, when held low will turnthe AC power supply on)

8 Fault Summary (the voltage from this pin goes to +5 V if any fault occurs anddrops below 2V when the fault goes away)

9 Ground

10 ALC (the voltage from this pin is a direct reading of automatic level controlvoltage, not buffered)

11 PA Temperature (a buffered metering output with 1 V = 20° C)

12 SWR (a buffered metering output with a calculated reading of standing waveratio in VDC)

13 RF Output Power (a buffered metering output with a calculated reading ofoutput power of 1 V = 1000 W)

14 Input Power Reference (a buffered metering output with a DC voltagerepresenting input power)

15 Remote LOWER Power (a momentary switch, on this pin, when held low willlower the power level 10 watts every 0.5 seconds)



18 Ground



21 Ground



24 PA Total Current Monitor (a buffered metering output with 1 V = 20 A)

25 PA Volts (a buffered metering output with 1 V = 10 V)

Note: PA = Power Amplifier

3–1Operation

Section 3—Operation

This section provides general operating parameters of yourpower amplifier system and a detailed description of the frontpanel display.


These steps summarize the operating procedures you should use for the initialoperation of the power amplifier and power supply of the FM2000A.

1. Ensure that the external remote control unit is properly connected (SeeSection 2.6 and the pin-out description table on page 2–8 for proper pinconfiguration). If not using a remote control unit, pin 7 must be tied toground pin 6.

2. Connect Antenna.

3. If using an external remote control, enable the power supply via the remoteI/O connector.

4. Turn on (set to up) the AC input circuit breaker located on the rear panel ofthe power supply (do not turn on the front panel power switch yet).

3.1 Initial Power-up Procedures

5. Turn on the exciter (a Crown FM100 or equivalent) and adjust its RF poweroutput level until the In Reference (In Ref) voltage, as indicated on the PA2000front panel Digital Multimeter, is between 0.8 and 1.2 volts. This is not a drivedependent amplifier; therefore drive must be at a constant level regardless ofmain output power.

Note: The unit will not operate until the exciter is active and produces sufficient drive.

Illustration 3–1 PS2000 Back Panel Functions

240 VAC IN

AC InputCircuit Breaker

Outputs toPA1000

Air Exhaust Vents

+ DC Output

DC Output

PS2000

FansPower

Control

OFF OFF

FanCircuit Breaker

3–3Operation

Illustration 3–3 PS2000 Front Panel Functions

7. Turn on the main power switch located on the front panel of the power supply.(The unit typically takes 30 seconds to power up.)

8. Check the PA2000 parameters with the Digital Multimeter for a current (TotCurrent) of 42 to 48 amps and a voltage (PA Voltage) of 32 to 36 volts. Ifparameters are within range, increase the Local Power Adjust to the maximumlevel of desired operation.

Note: The Local Power Adjust pot is unconventional (CW lowers power).

6. Before power-up, place the Local/Remote switch (located on the Metering &Control board behind the front panel) in the Local position and adjust theoutput power limit to the mid-level position using the Local Power Adjust,also on the Metering & Control board (see Illustration 3–2 below). The unit isnormally shipped with this setting. See Section 2.6 for setting up remoteoperation and using the on-board remote buttons and other controls.

Illustration 3–2 Local Power Adjust and Other Controls

®

Power

I

O

Power Switch

Air Intakes/Filters

Local/RemoteSlide Switch

On-board RemotePower Adjust

Buttons

Local Power AdjustPot


3.2.1 AC Input Circuit BreakerThe PS2000 supplies power to the PA2000 by converting single-phase 220/240 VACinto 50 VDC. The PS2000 is protected by a 20 A, double-pole circuit breakerlocated on the rear panel. This AC input circuit breaker must be in the “up”position (as shown below) for operation.

3.2 Power Switches

Illustration 3–4 AC Input Circuit Breaker

9. Place the Local/Remote switch (see Illustration 3–2) in the Remote positionand, using an external remote control unit connected to the Remote I/Oconnector or the on-board remote Raise/Lower buttons, adjust the PA2000 tothe maximum power set by the Local Power Adjust. (This prevents adjustingto higher than permitted power levels.)

10. Verify that the following conditions are present as indicated by the PA2000’sDigital Multimeter:

a. In Ref—Should read between 0.4 and 0.8 volts (0.5 nominal, dependentupon power input level).

b. SWR—Should read 1.05 to 1.5.c. ALC—Should read between 4.00 and 6.00 volts for 2.2 kW output (less

for lower output or danger conditions, i.e. high SWR).d. Power Out—Should read 2.20 for 2.2 kW output.e. PA Temp—Should read 35 to 50°C with ambient temperature of 25°C.

The remainder of this section describes the functions of the front and rear panelindicators and switches of the PA2000 and PS2000.

240 VAC IN

FansPower

Control

AC InputCircuit Breaker

ONON

3–5Operation

3.2.2 DC Power SwitchThe main on/off power switch located on the front panel of the power supplycontrols high voltage output. (The control circuit activates this voltage.)

Illustration 3–5 DC Power Switch

Illustration 3–6 Interlock Switch

Interlock Switch

®

Power

I

O

Power Switch

WWARNINGARNING Lethal voltages are still present on the AC Input Board !So, handle with care.

3.2.3 Interlock SwitchThis switch is located on the fan mounting bracket in the power supply. When thetop cover of the power supply is removed, the Interlock Switch interrupts the powersupply control circuit disabling the high and low voltage supplies.


3.3 Digital Multimeter

Illustration 3–7 Digital Multimeter

The 3–digit numeric display in the upper left corner of the front panel providesinformation on the amplifier’s operation. Use the “up” and “down” push-buttons toselect one of the following parameters as indicated by a green LED.

In Ref—Input reference is a relative voltage level used to determine input RFpower level. This varies between frequency of operation and input power level.

SWR—Direct reading of the antenna Standing-Wave Ratio (the ratio of the actualload impedance to the desired 50 ohm load impedance).

ALC—Automatic level control is DC gain control bias used to regulate PA supplyvoltage. With the PA power supply at full output voltage, ALC will read about 6.0volts. When the RF output is being regulated by the RF power control circuit, thisvoltage will be reduced, typically reading 5.0 to 6.0 volts. The ALC voltage will bereduced during PA DC overcurrent, SWR, or overtemperature conditions.

Power Out—Actually reads RF voltage squared, so the accuracy can be affected bySWR. Tolerance of ± 10% is normal. For exact set-up on site, an external powermeter is recommended.

PA Temp—Highest temperature of all individual RF power amplifier heatsinks indegrees C.

PA Voltage—Supply voltage of the RF power amplifier.

Tot Current—Sum total current of all individual RF power amplifiers in amperes.

PA1–8—Individual RF amplifier current reading in amperes.

Fault


PA1PA2PA3PA4

PA5PA6PA7PA8


SWRIn Ref

Metering

PA1 PA2 PA3 PA4

®

Multimeter Metering Selection Buttons Metering Indicators

3–7Operation

3.4 Fault Indicators

Illustration 3–8 Fault Indicators

CAUTIONPossible equipment damage!

Do not exceed 80 watts of input drive.Damage to the PA2000 will result ifthis level is exceeded.

Faults are indicated by illuminated red LED’s when the following occurs:

Antenna—Load SWR exceeds 1.5:1. ALC voltage is reduced to limit the reflectedRF power.

RF Drive—Lack of or insufficient RF drive. If the RF drive fault LED is lit, inputdrive must be increased. To achieve full output power, 70–80 watts of input drive isrequired.

PA Temp—PA heatsink temperature is greater than 75°C (power foldback will beginat this point).

PA DC—Power supply current for the PA (power amplifier) is at the preset limit, orthere is a difference of more than 2.5 amps in current between the individual PAs.When this indicator is on ALC, the voltage is reduced automatically which holds thesupply current to the preset limit.

Fault


PA1PA2PA3PA4

PA5PA6PA7PA8


SWRIn Ref

Metering


Fuses

®

Fault Indicators


3.5 Fuse Indicators

Illustration 3–9 Fuse Indicators

The PA2000 consists of four field-replacable power modules with two amplifiers ineach module. If a module fails, it may be replaced while the unit continues tooperate (at a reduction in output power).

Each of the paralleled amplifiers is protected by a 10 ampere fast-acting fuse.When a fuse opens, the indicator light next to it comes illuminates and built-inredundancy allows the unit to continue operation. The fuse can be replaced whilethe unit is operating. Fuses 1 and 2 represent amplifiers 1 and 2 on the top leftmodule. Fuses 3 and 4 represent amplifiers 3 and 4 on the top right module. Fuses5 and 6 represent amplifiers 5 and 6 on the lower left power module. Fuses 7 and 8represent amplifiers 7 and 8 on the lower right power module.

Fault


PA1PA2PA3PA4

PA5PA6PA7PA8

Power OutPA TempPA VoltageTot Current


Fuses

fi

Fuses and Indicators

4–1Principles of Operation

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Section 4—Principles of Operation

This section discusses the circuit principles upon which thepower amplifier and power supply function. This information isnot needed for day-to-day operation, but may be useful for ad-vanced users and service personnel.

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IntroductionThe FM2000A is a solid state RF amplifier package designed to deliver 500 to 2000watts. The package consists of two separate, compact units—a power supply(PS2000) and a power amplifier (PA2000). In turn, these units consist of modularcomponents which provide for efficient operation as well as ease-of-service.

4.1 PA2000 Power AmplifierThe PA2000 power amplifier features adjustable output to deliver 500–2000 watts ofRF output power for broadcast transmission. The amplifier is broadband; no tuningis required. The design, however, ensures efficient operation. Typical RF efficiencyis 75% to 85% across the FM band.

4.1.1 Power ModulesThe primary components of the PA2000 are four, 500–watt power modules. Thesepower modules are mounted by stacking two in the left cavity and two in the rightcavity of the chassis.

The chassis of the power modules acts as a heat sink for the MOSFET amplifiers.There are two power amplifiers mounted to spacer plates on each of the heat sinks,for a total of eight power amplifiers in all. (The power amplifiers are the same asthose utilized in the Crown Broadcast 100, 250, 500, and 1000–watt transmitters.)

Power from the amplifiers is combined through a micro-strip combiner to convertfrom 50 Ω output impedance for each amplifier to an intermediate impedance andthen return to the 50 Ω output at the Low Pass Filter. This technology eliminatestuning and adjustments throughout the 88–108 FM band and enables each amplifierto equally share the power load. The power combiner is also designed to allow amodule to be disconnected from the combiner and removed without adverselyaffecting the impedance balance of the unit. With one module removed the imped-ance change allows the remaining modules to continue operation at approximatelythree-fourths of the full output power.

4.1.2 Power Combiner BoardThere are four Power Combiner Boards; one attached to each of the four heatsinksoverlapping the amplifiers. Each board takes the power from two amplifiers andcombines it through a parallel quarter-wave transmission line transformer network.The power is then summed in a common point junction on the Output CombinerBoard.


4.1.3 Backplane AssemblyThe backplane assembly is located in the vertical center of the PA2000 behind thefour power modules. The Backplane Assembly is the common connection point forthe major sections of the transmitter. This assembly consists of the Input DividerBoard, Output Combiner Board, and a Backplane Interconnect Board.

4.1.3.1 Backplane DC Interconnect Board

This board is located nearest the metal inner brace of the chassis. It distributes DCpower to each of the four MOSFET amplifiers, provides the interconnections forcontrol of the power supply, and enables connection to the remote control inter-face. The Backplane/DC Interconnect Board contains interconnections from theControl and Metering Board to the DC Fuse and Power Distribution Board, as wellas power connections to the power amplifier modules.

4.1.3.2 Input Divider Board

The Input Divider Board is the middle board sandwiched between the Backplane DCInterconnect Board and the Output Combiner Board. It provides the power divisionand impedance transformation needed to supply proper drive to each of the eightamplifiers.

4.1.3.3 Output Combiner Board

The Output Combiner Board is located nearest the Output Filter It consists of amicro-strip transmission line that combines the output power from the four poweramplifier modules so that ultimately, all the power comes together at one commonpoint junction. Here the currents and voltages of all four power amplifier modulesare in phase and producing equal RF output power. From this common pointjunction, the Output Combiner Board uses a second quarter-wave transformer toconvert the output power to the 50–ohm impedance needed at the output of theunit.

4.1.4 Output Filter & ReflectometerThe Output Filter/Reflectometer is located behind the Backplane Assembly in thecenter of the PA2000. See the accompanying schematic in Section 6 for moreinformation.

The ninth-order, elliptic, low-pass filter attenuates harmonics generated in thepower amplifier. The capacitors for the filter are circuit board pads. The reflecto-meter uses printed circuit board traces for micro-strip transmission lines. Trans-mission line segments (with an impedance of about 100 ohms) on either side of a50–ohm conductor provide sample voltages representative of the square root offorward and reverse power. DC voltages, representative of forward and reflectedpower, go through a bulkhead Filter Board to the Backplane/DC InterconnectBoard, then to the Metering Board where they are processed for power control andmetering and for SWR metering and protection.



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4.1.5 Metering and Control BoardThe Metering and Control Board is located above the upper left cavity. This boardsupplies readings of voltages and currents, and provides information on the opera-tion of the amplifier.

The Local Power Adjust pot sets the upper limit (maximum) of RF power output.The on-board RAISE and LOWER push buttons and any external remote control ofthe power level is activated within that limit by placing the Local/Remote slideswitch on the board into the Remote position. When a specific output power is set,the Metering and Control Board controls and maintains the setting keeping powerconstant. A long-life battery supplies power to retain the power setting after theamplifier is turned off.

This board also takes samples from the RF amplifier boards and PS1000 powersupply and processes all the data. It provides SWR readings from the Output Filterand folds back the amplifier power if the SWR exceeds safe operating limits. Protec-tion circuitry for overcurrent and overtemperature conditions is designed into thisboard as well, providing additional precaution against overheating. This board isfail-safe, like all the other circuit board components in the FM2000A and can beremoved for repair/replacement if necessary.

4.1.6 DC Fuse and Power Distribution BoardThis board is located above the right cavity over Power Modules A and B. The DCFuse and Power Distribution Board takes power direct from the power supplythrough one 80–amp power line, divides it into eight separate DC power lines, anddistributes it to the eight power amplifiers. Metering resistors in each of the eightpower lines monitor the current drawn by each of the eight amplifiers to ensureproper function for monitor and control of the unit.

4.1.7 Cooling FansThere are two cooling fans located in the back of the PA2000 powered by thePS2000. The fans operate at 24 volts and is rated at 235 cubic feet per minute.Cool air is drawn through the heatsinks where a flushing moves the air over the DCDistribution Fuse board, the Control and Metering Board, the Output Filter cir-cuits, and then out through the air vents on the side panels. If a fan fails, theamplifier will fold back power to prevent overheating.


4.2 PS2000 Power SupplyThe PS2000 supplies power to the PA2000 by converting single-phase 240 VAC into 50 VDC. The PS2000 is protected by a 20 A double-pole circuit breaker.This highly efficient power supply utilizes switching technology and is power factorcorrected. The PS2000 consists of three printed circuit boards described below.

4.2.1 AC Input BoardThe AC Input Board is located on the left side of the PS2000. AC power from thecircuit breaker connects to the AC Input Board where it connects to a ±12 volt DCpower supply and three relays. The ±12 volts is used to close the three relays whenthe DC Power Switch on the front panel is switched on. In addition, the ±12 voltsare supplied to the PA2000 for use in the Control and Metering Board. The 240-volt AC input to the power supply is connected through a Hubble Twist Lockconnector on the back panel to a 20–amp circuit breaker mounted inside the backpanel.

When the power supply is turned on and enabled, the AC power comes throughtorroidal inductors which prevent harmonics and spurious products from feedingback into the AC power lines. The current flows from the inductors to a bridgerectifier that converts the current to DC Power, and from there to the PFC Switch-ing Board where the rectified DC is filtered. The filtered DC power is then fed fromthe PFC Switching Board through an 80–turn boost inductor and back to the PFCSwitching Board.

4.2.2 PFC (Power Factor Correcting) Switching BoardThe PFC Switching Board is located directly behind the cooling fans (front panel) inthe PS2000. This board takes the voltage from the Torroidal Boost Inductor andsends it to the Boost Switching Transistor. The switching transistor chops the DCinput power at a 25 kHz rate. The chopped voltage is then rectified, filtered, andsent as DC voltage to a set of four transistors which form a second switching stage.The second switching stage chops the DC voltage at a 22.5 kHz rate. This choppedDC power is fed through a blocking capacitor to a transformer on the DC OutputBoard. The second switching stage controls the amount of power sent to the DCOutput Board. This ensures that the transformer output voltage and current arecorrect for providing the selected RF output power to the amplifier.



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4.2.3 DC Output BoardThe DC Output Board is located in the back of the unit directly behind the PFCSwitching Board. This board rectifies and filters the transformer output voltageonce again to produce the clean DC power required for the power modules. The DCOutput Board also provides the 24 volts that operate the cooling fans in both thePS2000 and the PA2000. There are two parallel paths from the DC Output Board,with half the power going through each set of output cables. These cables cometogether at the terminal in back of the unit providing the maximum output powerof 50 volts at 60 amperes.

4.2.4 Cooling FansThere are two cooling fans located in the front section of the PS2000. Their pri-mary function is to cool the semiconductors used in the switching and rectifyingprocess which are subject to high currents. The fans blow cool air through theheatsinks and out through the vents on the back and side panels of the PS2000.The fans have a dedicated circuit breaker located on the back panel of the powersupply.

5–1Troubleshooting

TROUBLETROUBLETROUBLE

Section 5—TroubleshootingThis section describes procedures for service personnel to diag-nose and troubleshoot potential fault conditions in the poweramplifier and power supply.



5.1 Troubleshooting Flow Chart Analysis

Does your amplifier have output power?

Yes NoIs power

output at the proper level?

Yes No

See Section 3.1 Initial Power-up

procedures.

Do you have power now?

Yes No Is your exciter turned on?

Secure all connections to the

PS2000.

Ensure AC input circuit breaker is

flipped up

Ensure main power switch is

turned on.

Is exciter delivering sufficient RF drive?

(Check In Ref meter reading.)

Are there any fault

indicators?Yes No

Yes No

Antenna: See Section 5.3.1

RF Drive: See Section 5.3.2

PA Temp: See Section 5.3.3

PA DC: See Section 5.3.4

Yes No

See Section 3.1 Initial Power-up

procedures.

Call Support— See Section 8

Turn the exciter on.


WWARNINGARNING

5.2 Digital Multimeter Parameters

The following procedures are general in nature; for in-depth service, and repair seethe Service & Support section of this manual.

If any abnormal readings are displayed for any of the following parameters on theDigital Multimeter, try troubleshooting in the following manner:

5.2.1 In Ref (Input Drive Reference)If this indication of drive level is not between 0.8 and 1.2 volts, then:

q Check the exciter to ensure proper power input level of 70–80 watts.

q Check RF input cable for secure connection.

5.2.2 SWR (Standing Wave Ratio)If the SWR is over 1.5:1, then look for:

q effects of inclement weather such as icing on the antenna and feed line.

q for moisture in the feedline.

q insecure antenna connections.

5.2.3 ALC (Automatic Level Control)If this indication is not between 4.00 and 6.00 volts for 2.2 kW output, then:

q Check for overheating (see PA Temp fault LED).

q Check for overcurrent (see PA DC fault LED).

q Check for high SWR (see Antenna fault LED).

5.2.4 Power OutThis reading is user adjustable, but for full output should read 2.20 for 2.2 kW.

q If lower than desired, check for proper input drive, and/or proper adjustmentof the Local Power Control (see section 3.1 #6).

Lethal voltages present!

Only technically qualifiedindividuals shoud attempttroubleshooting or serviceprocedures .



5.2.5 PA TempThe meter should read between 35–50°C with an ambient temperature of 25°C. Iftemperature is 75°C or above, then check and do the following:

Ambient temperature higher than 50°C; reduce temperature.

Restricted air flow; remove any obstructions, clean dirty air filters by usingmild detergent and warm water.

Possible antenna mismatch; check for icing, moisture in the feedline, andsecure antenna connections.

Overcurrent: If PA DC fault indicator is flashing, monitor the current for aproper level—the total current and the current of individual Power Amps.

5.2.6 PA VoltageSupply voltage to the RF power amplifiers should be 50 V. If it is not check:

drive level to ensure proper power level input of 70–80 watts

for high SWR

for overcurrent; check PA DC fault indicator and if flashing, check current forproper levels (total and individual Power Amps)

for overtemperature; ambient temperature higher than 50°C; reduce tempera-ture. Check air flow; remove any obstructions and clean dirty air filters.

5.2.7 Tot CurrentIf total current reading is over 65 amperes, then check or do the following:

Reduce power output; check all fault indicators and troubleshoot accordingly.

If one or more of the 500–watt power modules has failed; replace.

High SWR; check for icing, moisture in the feedline, and secure antennaconnections.

5.2.8 PA1–8If there is 2.5 amps or more difference between the individual PA current readings(7 to 9 amps typical), then check the following:

Failed/faulty power module (reading directly correlates to failed power mod-ule); replace.

Blown individual power amplifier fuses 1–8; replace as indicated by red LED.

Reduced power output; check all fault indicators and troubleshoot accord-ingly.


If one of the LED fault indicators is illuminated red, troubleshoot using the follow-ing suggestions:

5.3 Fault Indicators

5.3.1 AntennaAntenna mismatch.

Effects from inclement weather conditions such as icing.

Check for moisture in the feedline.

Secure antenna connections.

5.3.2 RF DriveDenotes lack of or insufficient drive level.

Ensure proper drive level of 70–80 watts input power.

Check RF input cable for secure connection.

5.3.3 PA TempTemperature has reached the internal preset limit for safe operation (75°C).

Ambient temperature higher than 50°C; reduce temperature.

Restricted air flow; remove any obstructions, clean dirty air filters by usingmild detergent and warm water.

Antenna mismatch; check for icing, moisture on the feedline, and secureantenna connections.

Overcurrent; check PA DC fault indicator, if flashing monitor current forproper levels (total and individual Power Amps).

Faulty DC Output Board; replace (see Section 7, Service & Support).

Faulty or non-functioning cooling fan; determine the cause for malfunctionin the following section.

5.3.3.1 Potential Causes for Non-functioning Cooling Fans

The PA2000 and the PS2000 have two cooling fans each. All fans are powered bythe same circuit of the PS2000. There are two potential causes for a non-function-ing fan or fans:

1. If a single fan does not operate, the fan is faulty and must be replaced. (SeeSection 7, Service & Support.)

2. If none of the fans operate, a blown circuit breaker, a short circuit in thePS2000, or a damaged winding on the main transformer of the DC OutputBoard (in the PS2000) is the cause. In this case, do one of the following:



5.3.5 Multiple IndicatorsCall your Crown Broadcast service representative. See Section 7, Service andSupport, for contact information.

a. The circuit breaker is located on the rear panel of the power supply. If thebreaker has popped out, reset it by pushing it in. If the breaker continuesto trip, check for a short circuit.

b. Check each fan with a volt-ohm meter by disconnecting and testing it for ashort circuit. Replace the fan/fans as needed (see Section 7).

c. If none of the fans have short circuits, there is damage on the winding ofthe transformer. It will have to be replaced (see Section 7).

5.3.4 PA DCDiscrepancy in current between the individual amplifiers, or in total current.

There is a difference of current greater than 2.5 amps between any one of the4 individual amplifiers. This could occur as a result of a blown or faulty powermodule, or a blown fuse; replace as appropriate (see Section 7, Service &Support).

There is too much total current—power foldback will occur above maximumtotal amperage of 65 amps due to some malfunction. For antenna mismatchcheck for arcing and moisture. Also, check output power for proper current;the RF detection circuit could malfunction causing an overcurrent situation.

6–1Reference Drawings

Section 6—Reference Drawings

The illustrations in this section may be useful for makingadjustments, taking measurements, troubleshooting, orunderstanding the circuitry of your RF power amplifier andpower supply.


Illustration 6–2 Back View

Illustration 6–1 Front View

6.1 Views

Fault


PA1PA2PA3PA4

PA5PA6PA7PA8


SWRIn Ref

Metering


Fuses

®

®

Power

I

O

RF Input

Remote I/O

Control

RF Monitor(Optional Connection)

RF Output

Circuit Breakers

+ DC Input

DC Input

+ DC Output

DC Output

Air Intakes/Filters

FansPower

Control

OFF OFF

240 VAC IN

PA2000

PS2000

Ground Screws

Air Exhaust Vents


Illustration 6–3 FM2000A Block Diagram

6.2 Diagrams and Schematics

50-70 watt exciter(Crown FM100)

PA2000Power Amplifier

RF output

Control

PS2000Power Supply

RF Input

240 volts AC 50/60 Hz Input Power

Single Phase

DC output

DC input

Control

2 kW RFPower Output

I/OTo remote control andmonitoring equipment

6–4FM

2000A User’s Manual

Illustration 6–4 PS2000 Block Diagram

240 VACAC

CIRCUITBREAKER

AC INPUT

NEUTRAL

GROUND

ACINPUTCCA

POWERSWITCH

RECTIFIERPFC &

CONTROLCCA

DCOUTPUT

CCA

+ 0 to 50 VDC

RETURN

PS CONTROL9-PINDSUB

220 VDC

+/ 12 VDC

VOLTAGEBOOST

INDUCTOR

360 VDC

360 VDC

CONTROL

GND EARTH

GND CHASSIS

GND SIGNAL

GND FIELD SIGNAL

L1

T1

1

2 4

5

650-ohmREAR PANEL

From PFC Switcher Board

To DC OUTPUT BOARD

L100(FRONT PANEL)

NOTES :______________

1. ALL RESISTORS ARE IN OHMS,1/4W, 5% UNLESS OTHERWISESPECIFIED.

2. ALL CAPACITORS ARE INMICROFARADS UNLESSOTHERWISE SPECIFIED.

220-240VAC IN

REV

Q43521-6DWG. NO.

PROJ NO.SCALE: NONE

TITLE:

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UNLESS OTHERWISE MARKED IN RED INK BY CM ASA CONTROLLED COPY, COPIES OF THESE DOCUMENTS INCLUDING ASSOCIATED ELECTRONICREPRODUCTIONS ARE FOR REFERENCE ONLY.

SCH, FM2K POWER SUPPLY AC INPUT

SHEET 10 OF 10

J103

THESE DRAWINGS AND SPECIFICATIONS ARE THEPROPERTY OF INTERNATIONAL RADIO ANDELECTRONICS CORP., AND SHALL NOT BEREPRODUCED, COPIED, OR USED AS THE BASISFOR THE MANUFACTURE OR SALE OF APPARATUSOR DEVICES WITHOUT PERMISSION.

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*

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REVDWG. NO.

SHEET 10 0F 10

LUNCONTROLLED

UNLESS OTHERWISE MARKED IN RED INK BY CM ASA CONTROLLED COPY, COPIES OF THESEDOCUMENTS INCLUDING ASSOCIATED ELECTRONICREPRODUCTIONS ARE FOR REFERENCE ONLY. SCALE: NONE PROJ NO.

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THESE DRAWINGS AND SPECIFICATIONS ARE THE PROPERTY OFINTERNATIONAL RADIO AND ELECTRONICS CORP.AND ARE NOT TO BE REPRODUCED, COPIED OR USED AS THE BASISFOR THE MANUFACTURE OR SALE OF APPARATUS ORDEVICES WITHOUT PERMISSION. 1 1SHEET OFSCALE : NONE PROJ NO.FILENAME:

DWG . NO . REV.

C200983-SCH

TITLE:

UNCONTROLLEDUNLESS OTHERWISE MARKED IN RED INK BY CM AS ACONTROLLED COPY, COPIES OF THESE DOCUMENTSINCLUDING ASSOCIATED ELECTRONIC REPRODUCTIONSARE FOR REFERENCE ONLY.

APPROVALSDWNCHKCMPE

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TO RF PA'S50V 24A

TO RF PA'S50V 24A

1

J5

1

J6

1

J1

1

J2

TOFAN FUSE

NOTES:UNLESS OTHERWISE SPECIFIED:

1. ALL RESISTORS ARE IN OHMS, 1/4W, 5% TOL.

2. ALL CAPACITORS ARE IN MICROFARADS.

5

67 U1B

LM358SCH, POWER SUPPLY DC OUTPUT

533

DW 01/17/05

200983-SCH

DW 01/17/05

C REDRAWN ON IREC FORMAT, AND ADDED U2,D16,L5,C20-21,R20-21 01/17/05 DW DW

12

11

13,14

15,16,17,18

19,20

9,10

5,6,7,8

3,4

2

1

FAN +24VDC

dpettifor

dpettifor

dpettifor

Reference Drawings

dpettifor

6-7

6–8FM

2000A User’s Manual

Illustration 6–5 PA2000 Block Diagram

dpettifor

dpettifor

dpettifor

dpettifor

dpettifor

dpettifor

dpettifor

dpettifor


PA2000 RF Input

RFOUTPUT

C247PF NP0 R4

10

FWD

REFL

C147PF NP0

C3.001

C6.01

C5.01

D11N6263

R720K

R520K

C4.001

D21N5263

R620K

R182

R820K

1 2 3 4 5

HD1

R282

R310

BNC 1

3. C1201-1209A,1217 are circuit board pads.

NOTES :______________



RF InputReflectometer & Splitter

J0744-3m

RF INPUT(Back Panel)

Coa

xual

Cab

le C

onne

ctio

n

Coa

xual

Cab

le C

onne

ctio

n

RF IN


500 W Power Amp

RFI

NR

FOU

T

VPW

R

RFI

NR

FOU

T

VPW

R

DZ11

101N

4735

6.2V

R111

920

0 3W

R112

02.7

K

C112

10.0

1DI

SC

R111

25.6 2W

R111

35.6 2W

R110

115

K

R111

010

K

R111

724 3W

C113

80.0

68

C111

20.0

1C1

113

0.01

C111

40.0

1C1

115

0.01

R111

610

C111

627

PF

C111

0

0.01

C111

10.0

1

C112

20.0

1DI

SC

L112

250

NH

L112

150

NH

C112

560

PF

C112

30.0

1C1

124

0.01

PA O

UTPU

T BD

T112

1

T11S

R111

45.6 2W

R111

55.6 2W

PA IN

PUT

BD

Q110

1BL

F278

T111

1P

R111

110

KPO

T V

DZ11

101N

4735

6.2V

R111

920

0 3W

R112

02.7

K

C112

10.0

1DI

SC

R111

25.6 2W

R111

35.6 2W

R110

115

K

R111

010

K

R111

724 3W

C113

80.0

68

C111

20.0

1C1

113

0.01

C111

40.0

1C1

115

0.01

R111

610

C111

627

PF

C111

0

0.01

C111

10.0

1

C112

20.0

1DI

SC

L112

250

NH

L112

150

NH

C112

560

PF

C112

30.0

1C1

124

0.01

PA O

UTPU

T BD

T112

1

T11S

R111

45.6 2W

R111

55.6 2W

PA IN

PUT

BD

Q110

1BL

F278

T111

1P

R111

110

KPO

T V

L24

PA O

UT

PA O

UT

PA O

UT

L14

PA IN

PA IN

PA IN

C1 1.0

C2 1.0

L18

GN

D

GN

D

GN

D

PA IN

GN

D

AMPB

DC

PW

R

AMPB

DC

PW

R

AMPB

DC

PW

R

AMPA

DC

PW

R

AMPA

DC

PW

R

L28

GN

D

GN

D

GN

D

PA O

UT

GN

D

C5 1.0

C6

1.0

U1

LM35

DZ

TEM

PER

ATU

RE

SEN

SE

C3

1.0

C4 1.0

GN

D

GN

D

AMPA

DC

PW

R

GN

D

GN

D

TEM

P V+

TEM

P AM

P A&

B

NO

TES

:__

____

___

____

_

1. A

LL R

ESIS

TOR

S AR

E IN

OH

MS,

1/4W

, 5%

UN

LESS

OTH

ERW

ISE

SPEC

IFIE

D.

2. A

LL C

APAC

ITO

RS

ARE

INM

ICR

OFA

RAD

S U

NLE

SSO

THER

WIS

E SP

ECIF

IED

.

THES

E D

RAW

ING

S AN

D S

PEC

IFIC

ATIO

NS

ARE

THE

SHAL

L N

OT

BE R

EPR

OD

UC

ED, C

OPI

ED, O

R U

SED

AS T

HE

BASI

S FO

R T

HE

MAN

UFA

CTU

RE

OR

SAL

EO

F AP

PAR

ATU

S O

R D

EVIC

ES W

ITH

OU

T PE

RM

ISSI

ON

.

PRO

PER

TY O

F C

RO

WN

INTE

RN

ATIO

NAL

, IN

C. A

ND

GN

D

GN

D

GN

D

250W

RF

PWR

AM

P A

250W

RF

PWR

AM

P B

CR

OW

N IN

TER

NAT

ION

AL,

INC

.17

18 W

EST

MIS

HAW

AKA

RO

AD

FM20

00, 5

00W

RF

PW

R A

MP

CC

A

ELKH

ART,

IN. 4

6517

PHO

NE

(219

) 294

-800

0

REV

J074

6-8

b

dpettifor

CROWN INTERNATIONAL, INC.

dpettifor

1718 WEST MISHAWAKA ROAD ELKHART, IN. 46517 PHONE (219) 294-8000

dpettifor

J0746-8

dpettifor

REV b

dpettifor

REV

dpettifor

CCA

dpettifor

CCA

dpettifor

CCA

dpettifor

THESE DRAWINGS AND SPECIFICATIONS ARE THE SHALL NOT BE REPRODUCED, COPIED, OR USED PROPERTY OF CROWN INTERNATIONAL, INC. AND

dpettifor

SHALL NOT BE REPRODUCED, COPIED, OR USED AS THE BASIS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OR SALE OF APPARATUS OR DEVICES WITHOUT PERMISSION.

dpettifor

OF APPARATUS OR DEVICES WITHOUT PERMISSION.


RF Output Combiner


RF OUTPUT FILTER & REFLECTOMETER

PA R

FO

UT

PU

T

C12

1147

PF

NP

0R

1212

10 0.50

W

C12

067.

1PF

C12

079.

3PF

C12

085.

13P

F

L120

394

.1N

HL1

204

87.5

NH

(195

MH

z)(1

76M

Hz)

(252

MH

z)

C12

09A

1PF

L120

577

.9N

H

RF

IN

C12

001.

35P

F

L120

290

.5N

H

(455

MH

z)

C12

0115

.4P

FC

1202

40.9

PF

L120

125

0NH

C12

01A

10P

F

C12

0338

.9P

FC

1204

37.7

PF

C12

0514

.1P

FC

1210

82P

F S

M

F W D

R E F L

C12

1247

PF

NP

0

C12

13.0

01

C12

15.0

1C

1214

.01

D12

011N

6263

R12

1610

0K

R12

151K

C12

16.0

01

D12

111N

5263

R12

181K

R12

1420

00.

5 W

R12

1710

0K

12

34

5

HD

1202

HE

AD

ER

5

R12

1610

0

14

3 3 3 3

LEN

GT

H

0.7"

0.6"

GU

AG

E

#17

#12

#12

#12

#12

0.6"

0.5"

0.7"

L120

1

L120

2

L120

3

L120

4

L120

5

I.D.

TU

RN

S

0.25

"

0.5"

0.5"

0.5"

0.43

75"

IND

UC

TOR

S

EX

AC

T C

OIL

LE

NG

TH

S A

RE

FA

CTO

RY-

SE

T.3.

C12

01-1

209A

,121

7 ar

e ci

rcui

t boa

rd p

ads.

NO

TE

S :

____

___

____

___

1. A

LL R

ES

ISTO

RS

AR

E IN

OH

MS

,1/

4W, 5

% U

NLE

SS

OT

HE

RW

ISE

SP

EC

IFIE

D.

2. A

LL C

APA

CIT

OR

S A

RE

INM

ICR

OFA

RA

DS

UN

LES

SO

TH

ER

WIS

E S

PE

CIF

IED

.J0

750-

0

RF

Out

put

Filt

er &

Ref

lect

omet

er

R12

1120

00.

50 W

R12

1310 0.

50 W

RF

MO

NIT

OR

1-10

PF

6–13 FM2000A User's Manual



ma scrivendo con


ma scrivendo con


se diciamo che

ma scrivendo con

se diciamo che

ma scrivendo con

Backplane Distribution

Note: All bypass capacitors are 0.01 mf


Ribbon Cables and Connectors

Ribbon Cables and Connectors

10mv per degree C.

(0.2VDC at 2000W)

SWR CAL

DENOM

NUMER

POWER CAL

SWR clamp @ <200W

(1.5:1)49.9K FOR 2:1

100uA/A

.5V/A

.5V/A

100uA/A

100uA/A

100uA/A

100uA/A

100uA/A

100uA/A

100uA/A

PA LIMIT

INPUT FWD

INPUT REV

OUTPUT FWD

OUTPUT REV

(0.1V at 1.00)

(.35VDC at 35 degrees)(.48V at 48 volts)(.5VDC at 50 amps)

.05V/A

.5V/A

.5V/A

.5V/A

.5V/A

.5V/A

.5V/A

1N4148

*

POWER RANGE

U1,3,5,6,8,24,25 U2,4,26,29 U27 U28

4

11

8

4

1,8

4,5

7

4(40mv/A)

(DETERMINED BY DIR. CPLR. SENSITIVITY.)

DIFFERENTIAL PA ERROR CURRENT SENSE.

R158 = OPEN: HIGHEST-LOWEST = 2.4 AMP.

R158 = 240K: HIGHEST-LOWEST = 1.2 AMP.

(LOWEST PAI)

(HIGHEST PAI)

1

2

3

4 72

7169

70

Metering Card Edge Connector

Viewed from front panel

NO PINNO PIN

NO PINNO PIN

NO PINNO PIN

NO PINNO PIN

(SPARE)

(SPARE)

(SPARE)

UNITSTENS100's

SWR

ALC19.99

19.99

199.9

199.9

F.S.

DECIMAL POINT

199.9

POWER SET

J2-12

(0.2VDC at 2000W)

PA1

PA2

PA3

PA4

PA6

PA7

19.99

19.99

19.99

19.99

19.99

19.99

19.99

19.99

19.99

SWRALC

PA DC VOLTSPA DC AMPS

19.9919.99

199.9199.9

199.9PA TEMPERATURE

19.99

PA1PA2PA3PA4PA5PA6PA7PA8

19.9919.9919.9919.9919.9919.9919.9919.99

(0.1V at 1.00)(0.6v at 6v)

(.35VDC at 35 degrees)(.48V at 48 volts)(.5VDC at 50 amps)

(1.999V reads "1999" FULL SCALE)

POWER OUT

PA TEMP

PA VOLTS

PA AMPS

19.99 PA8

19.99

KW OUT

DRIVE

19.99 DRIVE

U16-23U7,14U13

7

4

1

26

14

7

16

U15

8

16

7,8

MSB

LSB

U11,12U9,10

16

7 8

LOCAL ONLY

.5V PER AMP

.5V PER AMP

.5V PER AMP

.5V PER AMP

.5V PER AMP

.5V PER AMP

.5V PER AMP

.5V PER AMP

RF output power is limited by the lower of:

Front panel OUTPUT control.

Remote RAISE/LOWER step circuit, orRemote PWR CTRL analog input, or

NOTES :______________

1. ALL RESISTORS ARE IN OHMS,

2. ALL CAPACITORS ARE IN

PA5

THESE DRAWINGS AND SPECIFICATIONS ARE THE PROPERTY

SHALL NOT BE REPRODUCED, COPIED, OR USEDAS THE BASIS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OR SALEOF APPARATUS OR DEVICES WITHOUT PERMISSION.

OF INTERNATIONAL RADIO & ELECTRONICS CORP. AND

SCALE NONE

DWG. NO.

Q43514-1005,006

SCH, FM2K CONTROL & METERING

PROJ NO. SHEET 16 OF 16

JREV

TITLE:

SIZE

DUNCONTROLLED

UNLESS OTHERWISE MARKED IN RED INK BY CM ASA CONTROLLED COPY, COPIES OF THESEDOCUMENTS INCLUDING ASSOCIATED ELECTRONICREPRODUCTIONS ARE FOR REFERENCE ONLY.

1/4W, 5% TOL.

MICROFARADS.

UNLESS OTHERWISESPECIFIED:

1N4148

1N4148

1N4148

1N4148

1N4148

1N4148

1N4148

1N4148

1N4148

1N4148

1N4148

1N4148

1N4148

1N4148

1N4148

DS101ADS101BDS101CDS101D

5%

5%

5%

5%

5%

5% 5%

5%

5%

5%

5%

5%

5%

5%

5%

5%

5%

5%

5%

5%

5%

+

+

+

+

+

+

XDS101

NOTES:UNLESS OTHERWISE SPECIFIED:ALL RESISTORS ARE IN OHMS, 1/4W, 1% TOL.ALL CAPACITORS ARE IN MICROFARADS.

6.2V

GRN

GRN

GRN

GRN

GRN

GRN

GRN

GRN

GRN

GRN

GRN

GRN

GRN

GRN

GRN

6.2V

6.2V

6.2V

5%

5%

FOLDBACKCAL.

RF FWD MEM BATT

REM RF POWER

REM /PWR RAISE

RF REV

REM /PWR LOWER DP10DP100

REM SWR

DRIVE REV

DRIVE FWD

DPM INREM RF DRIVE

REM ALC

DPM REF

ALC

PATEMP 1-2FAULT SUM

+50V

PATEMP 3-4

REM PAVPAV SENSE SWR LAMP

REM PA TEMP

PATEMP 5-6

DRIVE LAMP

PATEMP 7-8+12V IN +12V

SH HI 1PATEMP LAMP

SH LO 1

PS /POWER ON RF FWDRF REV PADC LAMP

ALC DRIVE FWD -12V IN -12V-12V IN DRIVE REV SH HI 2GND REM RF POWER+12V IN REM SWRREM PA TEMP REM PAVREM ALC REM PAITFAULT SUM REM PAI1 SH LO 2REM /PWR ON REM PAI2REM PWR CTRL REM PAI3 DP10REM /PWR RAISE REM PAI4REM /PWR LOWER REM PAI5 DP100

REM PAI6REM RF DRIVE REM PAI7 SH HI 3GND REM PAI8

GND GNDGND GND SH LO 3

REM PAITGND SH LO 1

SH HI 1PATEMP 7-8 SH LO 2PATEMP 5-6 SH HI 2 SH HI 4PATEMP 1-2 SH LO 3TEMP V+ SH HI 3PATEMP 3-4 SH LO 4SH HI 4 SH LO 5SH HI 5 SH LO 6 SH LO 4SH HI 6 SH LO 7SH HI 7 SH LO 8SH HI 8 +50VPAV SENSE IN'LK 1MEM BATT IN'LK 2

SH HI 5

SH LO 5REM PAI1REM PAI2REM PAI3REM PAI4REM PAI5

SH HI 6 REM PAI6REM PAI7REM PAI8

SH LO 6

IN'LK 2PS /POWER ON

IN'LK 1REM /PWR ON SH HI 7

+12V IN TEMP V+ SH LO 7

GND

SH HI 8

SH LO 8

REM PWR CTRL

+5V

+12V

+12V

+12V

+12V

PA+5V

+12V

+12v

+5.00

+12V

+5.00

+12V

+12V+12V

+12V

PA+5V

PA+5V

PA+5V

+5V

+5V

+5V

+12V

PAV+6

+5.00

+5.00

+12V

+12V

+12V

-12V

-12V

-12V

-12V

-12V

-12V

PA-5V

-12V

-5V

-12V

-12V

-12V-12V

-12V

-12V

-12V

PA-5V

PA-5V

PA-5V

PAV-6

+5.00

-12V

-5V

-12V

+12V

+12V

+5V

-5V

-12V

+5V

PA-5V

PA+5V

-5V

+5.00

+5.00

+5V

-5V

VCC

VDD

VSS

VEE

-12V

+5V

+5V

+5V

+5V

+5V

+5V+5V

D261N4148

C33100PF

DZ11N753A

DZ21N753A

D241N5822

D25

1N5822

U28

REF02

IN2

TEMP3

TRIM5

OUT6

C8347/20V

C98.01

C101.001

U14C74HC132

9

108

U7B74HC14

3 4

U7C74HC14

5 6

U7A74HC14

1 2

U14D74HC132

12

1311

DS20

DS19

DS18

DS17

DS16

DS15

DS14

DS13

DS12

DS11

DS10

DS9

DS8

DS7

DS6

R201100

R202100

R203100

R204100

R205100

R206100

R207100

R208100

R209100

R210100

R216100

R215100

R214100

R213100

R212100

R211100

C62.001

R144100

R143100

R140100

R139100

R137100

C55.001

R136100

R134100

R133100

R131100

R130100

C47.001

R128100

R127100

R125100

R124100

R122100

R121100

U16AMC33282

2

31

84

U16BMC33282

6

57

U17AMC33282

2

31

84

U17BMC33282

6

57

U18AMC33282

2

31

84

U18BMC33282

6

57

U19AMC33282

2

31

84

U19BMC33282

6

57

C63.01

Q132N5087

Q122N5087

Q112N5087

Q102N5087

Q92N5087

Q82N5087

Q72N5087

Q62N5087

R1454.99K

R141

4.99K

R1384.99K

R1354.99K

R1324.99K

R1294.99K

R12

64.

99K

R1234.99K

U25DTL074

+

-13

1214

U25CTL074

+

-9

108

U25BTL074

+

-6

57

U25ATL074

+

-2

31

411

U24DTL074

+

-13

1214

U24CTL074

+

-9

108

U24BTL074

+

-6

57

D44

D46

D47

D48

D49

D50

D51

D27

D28

D30

D31

D29

D32

D33

D34

R1564.3K

R15710K

R158OPEN

U8DTL074

+

-13

1214

U26AMC33282

2

31

84

U26BMC33282

6

57

R1461.0K

R14810K

C22100PF

R14720K

C75.001

C74.001

C76.001

C77.001

C78.001

C79.001

C80.001

C81.001

R168 100R167 100R166 100R165 100R164 100R163 100R162 100

R169 100

R154220K

C19.001

U5DTL074

+

-13

1214

U5CTL074

+

-9

108

C20.001

R4910K

R50470

R4710K

U5BTL074

+

-6

57

D91N4148

D81N4148

D71N4148

R4510K

D61N4148

R4310K

C14.001

U5ATL074

+

-2

31

411 C16

.001

R421K

R112220K

C13.001

R113220K

R441K

C15.001 C18

.001

R461K

R481K

U3DTL074

+

-13

1214

C70.001

R53100

R52100K

R108220K

C1.001

C2.001

R562K

R3100K

U1ATL074

+

-2

31

411

R410K

R11K

R121K

R109220K

C4.001

U1BTL074

+

-6

57

C5.001

R15510

R14100K

U1CTL074

+

-9

108

C10.001

R37100KC9

.001R110220K

R361K

R391K

R111220K

C11.001

U1DTL074

+

-13

1214

C12.001

R41100K

R4022.1K

R849.9K

U2BMC33282

6

57

D101N4148

R749.9K

R63.32K

D111N4148

C3.01

U2AMC33282

2

31

84

R1610K

U3ATL074

+

-2

31

411

R1910K

R17

10K

R2310K

R211K

U4AMC33282

2

31

84

C6.01 R20

3.32K

R2849.9K

R2510K

R2210K

R2410K

Q14

2N5210R26

100K

D51N4148

Q3LM394

11

22

33

44

88

77

66

55

Q4LM394

11

22

33

44

88

77

66

55

R3112.1K

U4BMC33282

6

57

C7.01

R273.32K

U3CTL074

+

- 9

108

U3BTL074

+

-6

57

C8.001

R3310K

R35100

R2910K

R305.11K

R101.15K

R910.0K

R11100

C340.1

R17410K

SW3RAISE

R17610K

R17351.1K U29A

74HC1321

23

U29D74HC132

12

1311

U29C74HC132

9

108

U29B74HC132

4

56

R17551.1K

C951.0

SW4LOWER

R1783.32K

D371N4148

D381N4148

R1771M

R610

U3174HCT193

A15

B1

C10

D9

UP5

DN4

LOAD11

CLR14

QA3

QB2

QC6

QD7

CO12

BO13 R180

4.99KD531N4148

D521N4148

R1791M

R591K

D391N4004

R1834.99K

U33DTL074

+

-13

1214

U33BTL074

+

-6

57

D411N4148

C100.001

U33CTL074

+

-9

108

U33ATL074

+

-2

31

411

R1863.32K

D431N4148

C350.1

U9

74HC4051

X013

X114

X215

X312

X41

X55

X62

X74

INH6

A11

B10

C9

X3

D131N4148

R6751.1K

R70100K

R6910K

C230.1

U8BTL074

+

-6

57

R68200K

C24.001

R72100

R71100

R7310K

U8ATL074

+

-2

31

411

U6BTL074

+

-6

57

R75100K R77

1MC260.1

C250.1

R6520K

R781K

R661M

R79 1K

R8010K

R81OPEN

U6CTL074

+

-9

108

R827.5K

R83121K

U6ATL074

+

-2

31

411

C27.001

R851M

R150OPEN

R149100K

R865.11K

U6DTL074

+

-13

1214

R18200K

D351N4148

D361N753A

C28.01

R88OPEN

C69.001

R741.15K

R9710K

C72.001U7E

74HC14

11 10

DS1RED

D141N4148

D151N4148

D161N4148

R89121K

R91121K

R93121K

R94100K

R92100K

R90100K

DS2RED

D191N4148

D201N4148

D181N4148

U7D74HC14

9 8

R96100K

R9556K

D171N4148

R98220K

DS4RED

DS3RED

U7F74HC14

13 12

R99510

R16156K

C370.1

R116220K

R1141K

SW2DOWN

U14A74HC132

1

23

C380.1

R117220K

U14B74HC132

4

56

R115511K

R1183.32K

SW1UP

D231N4148

R1031M

D221N4148

C320.1

C300.1

R101475K

C310.1

C360.1

R1052.49K

R10410K

R170510

R171510

RFC333UH

RFC433UH

DZ4ICTE-12

DZ5ICTE-12

VR1MC7805CT

IN2

C1

OUT3

C911.0

C921.0

VR2LM79L05ACZ

IN2

C1

OUT3

C871.0

U1174HC4051

X013

X114

X215

X312

X41

X55

X62

X74

INH6

A11

B10

C9

X3

U1274HC4051

X013

X114

X215

X312

X41

X55

X62

X74

INH6

A11

B10

C9

X3

RFC133UH

R15210K

U27

TSC4429

26

7

1 8

4 5

R5610K

U8CTL074

+

-9

108

R58100

R10610K

R1071.15K

C71.001

R5449.9K

D121N4148

Q1LM394

11

22

33

44

88

77

66

55

Q2LM394

11

22

33

44

88

77

66

55

D11N6263

D21N6263

D31N6263

D41N6263

R151100

U10

74HC4051

X013

X114

X215

X312

X41

X55

X62

X74

INH6

A11

B10

C9

X3

R1604.3K

C99.001

D421N4148

C104.001

SW5Switch

123

PL1

HDR 72

1 23 45 67 89 10

11 1213 1415 1617 1819 2021 2223 2425 2627 2829 3031 3233 3435 3637 3839 4041 4243 4445 4647 4849 5051 5253 5455 5657 5859 6061 6263 6465 6667 6869 7071 72

R142100

R200100

R159100K

R63510

R621K

C103.001

DZ31N753A

R102100K

R100100K

C6747/20V

C6847/20V

C17.001

C60.01

C57.01

C54.01

C51.01

C48.01

C45.01

C42.01

R60100

20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40

R1821K

R1811K

R219OPEN

R220OPEN

R221OPEN

C106.001

R218OPEN

D211N4148

C93 20pF

R120150

C61.001

R6410K

C59.001

R2171K

C50.001

C973300/16V

C102.001

C52.001

C6612063V

R8420K

C824720V

C41.001

C40.001

C43.001

R7624.9K

C391.0

R1322.1K

R5124.9K

C901.0

C891.0

R8750K

C105.001

R153220K

C56.001

U32DAC0800

B812

B711

B610

B59

B48

B37

B26

B15

VR+14

VR-15

IOUT4

IOUT2

COMP16

VLC1

U15

74HC193

A15

B1

C10

D9

UP5

DN4

LOAD11

CLR14

QA3

QB2

QC6

QD7

CO12

BO13

U3074HCT193

A15

B1

C10

D9

UP5

DN4

LOAD11

CLR14

QA3

QB2

QC6

QD7

CO12

BO13

R155OPEN

D401N4004

C53.001

C851.0

R222.1K

C46.001

C44.001

R17224.9K

C881.0

C64.01

R32510

C58.001

C941.0

R3822.1K

C21.001

C961.0

C291.0

R341.15K

C861.0

R571.15K

U13DISP-40

20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40

C841.0

R119150

C49.001

C731.0

R222OPEN

U24ATL074

+

-2

31

411

D45

R223OPEN

R2240

RFC2

10

C651/63V

R2260

R225OPEN

R227OPEN

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6-15

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FM2000A User's Manual


Notes:

7–1Service and Support

Section 7—Service and SupportWe understand that you may need various levels of support orthat the product could require servicing at some point in time.This section provides information for both of these scenarios.


7.1 ServiceThe product warranty (see opposite page) outlines our responsibility for defectiveproducts. Before returning a product for repair or replacement (our choice), callour Customer Service department using the following telephone number:

(866) 262-8915

Our Customer Service Representative will give you further instructions regardingthe return of your product. Use the original shipping carton or a new one obtainedfrom Crown. Place shipping spacers between the slide-out power amplifier assem-bly and the back panel.

Please fill out the Factory Service Instructions sheet (page 7–5) and include it withyour returned product.

7.2 24–Hour SupportIn most instances, what you need to know about your product can be found in thismanual. There are times when you may need more in-depth information or evenemergency-type information. We provide 24–hour technical assistance on yourproduct via a toll telephone call.

For emergency help or detailed technical assistance, call

(866) 262-8915

You may be required to leave a message at this number but your call will bereturned promptly from our on-call technician.

7.3 Spare PartsTo obtain spare parts, call Crown Broadcast Sales at the following number.

(866) 262-8915

You may also write to the following address:

Service Manger

International Radio and Electronics Company, Inc.

25166 Leer Drive

Elkhart, Indiana, U.S.A. 46514-5425

Service and support 7 – 3

Crown Broadcast Three Year Limited Product Warranty

SUMMARY OF WARRANTY Crown Broadcast, IREC warrants its broadcast products to the ORIGINAL PURCHASER of a NEW Crown Broadcast product, for a period of three (3) years after shipment from Crown Broadcast. All products are warranted to be free of defects in materials and workmanship and meet or exeed all specifications published by Crown Broadcast. Product nameplate with serial number must be intact and not altered in any way. This warranty is non - transferable. This warranty in its entirety is the only warranty offered by Crown Broadcast. No other warranties, expressed or implied, will be enforceable.

EXCLUSIONS Crown Broadcast will not warranty the product due to misuse, accident, neglect and improper installation or operation. Proper installation included A/C line surge supression, lightning protection and proper grounding of the entire transmitter, and any other recommendations designated in the Instruction manual. This warranty does not extend to any other products other than those designed and manufactured by Crown Broadcast. This warranty does not cover any damage to any accessory such as loads, transmission line or antennas resulting from the use or failure of a Crown Broadcast transmitter. Warranty does not cover any loss of revenue resulting from any failure of a Crown Broadcast product, act of God, or natural disaster.

Procedure for Obtaining Warranty Service Crown Broadcast will repair or service, at our discretion, any product failure as a result of normal intended use. Warranty repair can only be performed at our plant facility in Elkhart, Indiana USA or at a factory authorized service depot. Expenses in remedying the defect will be borne by Crown Broadcast, including two-way ground transportation cost within the continental United States. Prior to returning any product or component to Crown Broadcast for warranty work or repair, a Return Authorization (RA) number must be obtained from the Crown Broadcast Customer Service Department. Product must be returned in the original factory pack or equivalent. Original factory pack materials may be obtained at a nominal charge by contacting Crown Broadcast Customer Service. Resolution of the defective product will be made within a reasonable time from the date of receipt of the defective product.

Warranty Alterations No person has the authority to enlarge, amend, or modify this warranty, in whole or in part. This warranty is not extended by the length of time for which the owner was deprived the use of the product. Repairs and replacement parts that are provided under the terms of this warranty shall carry only the unexpired portion of the warranty.

Product Design Changes Crown Broadcast reserves the right to change the design and manufacture of any product at any time without notice and without obligation to make corresponding changes in products previously manufactured.

Legal Remedies of Purchaser

This written warranty is given in lieu of any oral or implied warranties not covered herein. Crown Croadcast disclaims all implied warranties including any warranties of merchantability or fitness for a particular purpose.

Crown Broadcast 25166 Leer Drive

Elkhart, Indiana 46514-5425 Phone 574-262-8900 Fax 574-262-5399 www.crownbroadcast.com

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Notes:

7–5Service and Support

To obtain factory service, complete the bottom half of this page, include it with the unit, and ship to:

International Radio and Electronics Company, Inc.

25166 Leer Drive

Elkhart, Indiana, U.S.A. 46514-5425

For units in warranty (within 3 years of purchase from any authorized Crown Dealer): We pay forground UPS shipments from anywhere in the continental U.S. and Federal Express Second Day servicefrom Hawaii and Alaska to the factory and back to you. Expedited service/shipment is available for anadditional charge. You may ship freight collect (COD for cost of freight) or forward your receipt forshipping charges which we will reimburse. We do not cover any charges for shipping outside the U.S.or any of the expenses involved in clearing customs.

If you have any questions about your Crown Broadcast product, please contact Crown BroadcastCustomer Service at:

Telecphon: (574) 262-8900

Fax: (574) 262-5399

Name: Company:

Shipping Address:

Phone Number: Fax:

Model: Serial Number: Purchase Date:

Nature of the Problem(Describe the conditions that existed when the problem occurred and what attempts were made to correct it.)

Other equipment in your system:

If warranty has expired, payment will be: Cash/Check VISA Mastercard COD Please Quote before servicing

Card Number: Exp. Date: Signature:

Return Shipment Preference if other than UPS Ground: Expedite Shipment Other

ENCLOSE WITH UNIT—DO NOT MAIL SEPARATELY

Factory Service Instructions

G–1Glossary

GlossaryThe following pages define terms and abbreviations usedthroughout this and other Crown Broadcast manuals.

A B C

G–2 FM2000A User's Manual

A B CAF Audio Frequency; the frequencies between 20 Hz

and 20 kHz in the electromagnetic spectrum.

ALC Automatic Level Control

AM Amplitude Modulation; the process of impressinginformation on a radio-frequency signal by varyingits amplitude.

bandwidth The range of frequencies available for signalling.

BCD Binary-Coded Decimal; a digital system that usesbinary codes to represent decimal digits.

BFO Beat Frequency Oscillator

BNC A bayonet locking connector for miniature coax;said to be short for Bayonet-Neill-Concelman.

broadband As used in the FM transmitter, refers to the entireaudio spectrum as opposed to the spectrum influ-enced by the pre-emphasis; also called "Wideband."

carrier A continuous signal which is modulated with asecond, information-carrying signal.

crosstalk In FM broadcasting, this term generally refers tothe interaction between the main (L+R) and thesubcarrier (L–R) signals as opposed to "separation"which generally refers to leakage between left (L)and right (R) channels.

density (program) A high average of modulation over time.

deviation The amount by which the carrier frequencychanges either side of the center frequency.

DIP Dual In-line Package; term used to describe an ICor socket that has two parallel rows of pins.

distortion The unwanted changes in signal wave shape thatoccur during transmission between two points.

DPM Digital Panel Meter

EPROM Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory

ESD Electrostatic Discharge; a discharge that ispotentially distructive to sensitive electroniccomponents.

G–3Glossary

exciter (1) A circuit that supplies the initial oscillatorused in the driver stage. (2) A transmitter con-figuration which excludes stereo generation andaudio processing.

FET Field-Effect Transistor

frequency synthesizer A circuit that generates precise frequency signalsby means of a single crystal oscillator in conjunc-tion with frequency dividers and multipliers.

FM Frequency Modulation; the process of impressinginformation on a radio signal by varying its fre-quency.

FSK Frequency Shift Keying; an FM technique forshifting the frequency of the main carrier at aMorse code rate. Used in the on-air identificationof frequencies.

gain reduction The process of reducing the gain of a given ampli-fier.

harmonics Undesirable energy at integral multiples of adesired, fundamental frequency.

HF High Frequency; Frequencies in the 3.0 to 30.0MHz range.

Highband Frequencies affected by the pre-emphasis.

IC Integrated Circuit

I/O Input/Output

LED Light-Emitting Diode

modulation The process by which a carrier is varied to repre-sent an information-carrying signal.

MOSFET Metal Oxide Semiconductor Field Effect Transistor;a voltage-controlled device with high input imped-ance due to its electrically isolated gate.

nearcast A transmission within a localized geographic area(ranging from a single room to a several kilome-ters).

PA Power Amplifier

G–4 FM2000A User's Manual

A B CPAI Power Amplifier Current

PAV Power Amplifier Voltage

pilot A 19–kHz signal used for stereo transmissions.

pre-emphasis The deliberate accentuation of the higher audiofrequencies; made possible by a high-pass filter.

processing The procedure and/or circuits used to modifyincoming audio (keeping its level around 75 kHzdeviation) to make it suitable for transmission.

receiver An option which adds incoming RF capability to anexisting transmitter. See also "Translator."

RF Radio Frequency; (1) A specific portion of theelectromagnetic spectrum between audio-fre-quency and the infrared portion. (2) A frequencyuseful for radio transmission (roughly 10 kHz and100,000 MHz).

SCA Subsidiary Communications Authorization; see"subcarrier."

S/N Signal to Noise

spurious products Unintended signals present on the transmissionoutput terminal.

stability A tolerance or measure of how well a component,circuit, or system maintains constant operatingconditions over a period of time.

stereo pilot See "pilot."

stereo separation The amount of left-channel information thatbleeds into the right channel (or vice versa).

subcarrier A carrier signal which operates at a lower fre-quency than the main carrier frequency and whichmodulates the main carrier.

suppression The process used to hold back or stop certainfrequencies.

G–5Glossary

SWR Standing-Wave Ratio; on a transmission line, theratio of the maximum voltage to the minimumvoltage or maximum current to the minimumcurrent; also the ratio of load impedance tointended (50 ohms) load impedance.

THD Total Harmonic Distortion

translator A transmitter designed to internally change anFM signal from one frequency to another forretransmission. Used in conjunction with terres-trial-fed networks.

satellator A transmitter equipped with an FSK ID option forrebroadcasting a satellite-fed signal.

UHF Ultra High Frequency; frequencies in the 300 to3000 MHz range.

VCO Voltage-Controlled Oscillator

VHF Very High Frequency; frequencies in the 30 to300 MHz range.

VSWR Voltage Standing-Wave Ratio; see "SWR."

Wideband See "broadband."

Index-1

Index

AAAAA

AC Input Board 4–5AC Power 1–3AC power 2–4ALC 3–4, 5–3Antenna 3–7

mismatch 5–5antenna 2–5

BBBBB

Backplane Assembly 4–3Backplane DC Interconnect Board 4–3Board Layouts 6–3

CCCCC

Circuit Breaker 3–4Combiner Board 4–2Connections 2–5Connectors

Hubble Twist Lock® 2–4Hubble Twist-Lock 2–6

connectors 2–5

DDDDD

DC Fuse and Power Distribution Board4–4

DC Output Board 4–6DC Power Switch 3–5Digital Multimeter 3–6, 5–3

EEEEE

Efficiency 1–3efficiency 1–2exciter 1–2

FFFFF

Fans 4–4, 4–6, 5–5Fault Indicators 3–7, 5–5Frequency Range 1–3Fuse Indicators 3–8

HHHHH

Humidity Range 1–3

IIIII

In Ref 3–4, 5–3Input Divider Board 4–3Installation 2–5Interlock Switch 3–5

LLLLL

labels 1–4

MMMMM

Metering and Control Board 4–4multimeter display 3–4

OOOOO

operation 3–2Output Combiner Board 4–3Output Filter & Reflectometer 4–3

PPPPP

PA DC 5–6PA Temp 3–4, 5–4PA Voltage 5–4parts

spares 7–2PFC (Power Factor Correcting)

Switching Board 4–5power adjust 3–3, 3–4Power Consumption 1–3Power Factor 1–3Power Module 4–2Power Out 3–4, 5–3Power Switch 3–4power switch 3–3Power-up 3–2

RRRRR

remote I/O 2–7repair

warranty 7–3RF Drive Requirement 1–3RF Harmonics 1–3

Index-2

RF Output Impedance 1–3RF output power 1–2RF Power Output 1–3RF power output 1–2RU spaces 1–2

SSSSS

S/N Ratio 1–3Safety 1–4Schematics 6–3service

warranty 7–3Service Instructions 7–5Spurious Products 1–3SWR 1–3, 3–4, 5–3

TTTTT

Tot Current 5–4transmitter package 1–2Troubleshooting Flow Chart 5–2

UUUUU

Unpacking 2–2

WWWWW

Warranty 7–3Weight 1–3

fm2000a amplifier package user's manual

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