FMD Control Initiatives in Bangladesh

Dr. Md. Mohsin Ali

Dr. Md. Ainul Haque

Department of Livestock Services, Bangladesh

Country Profile In Short

• Bangladesh is a Republic of South Asia

• It is bordered on the west, north, and east by India, on the southeast by Burma (Myanmar), and on the south by the Bay of Bengal.

• Area- 147,570 square kilometers (56,977 square miles).

• Population –144.6 million (2008); 151.41(2011 projected)

–Urban -36.7 million

–Rural – 107.9 million

Country Profile In Short

–Population Density – 979 / square kilometer

–Population Growth Rate – 1.39

- Contribution of Livestock in GDP 2.57

• Bangladesh has an agrarian economy following a mixed economy that operates on free market principles

Livestock Population

Species

Year

2004-05 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11

Cattle 22.67 22.80 22.87 22.90 22.98 23.05 23.12

Buffalo 1.11 1.16 1.21 1.26 1.30 1.35 1.39

Goat 19.16 19.94 20.75 21.56 22.40 23.27 24.15

Sheep 2.47 2.57 2.68 2.78 2.88 2.98 3.07

No. in million

Scenario of Husbandry System

• 20 years back cattle were reared for mainly for draft power

• Mechnisation has changed the entire scenario

• Cattle are reared for

–Beef

– Milk production

• Farmers are in a better position to spent money for prevent disease and conditions damaging to their farm

• All most rearing is Extensive system except a few

FMD situation in Bangladesh • The Disease is Endemic in the Country

• Major risk factors – –Infected animal –Cross border informal movement of

animal –Unregulated animal and animal product

movement –Nomadic pig herds –High animal and human density • Disease takes an epidemic proportion

after a gap of few years

FMD situation in Bangladesh • Morbidity of the disease is about 25-36 %

in adults and 5% in goat and sheep.

• Mortality found mainly in calves (51%)

• Disease cause huge loss in production specially in cross bed animal

• Annual loss due to FMD has been

estimated at about US $ 125 million per

year. • Type O is dominant followed by type A.

Recently Asia -1 has found.

• Topo type ME- SA , strain ; Strain Ind 2001 and Unnamed strain

Temporal Pattern of FMD

0

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

30000

35000

40000

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

2009

2010

2011

Drivers of Animal Movement

• There is a huge demand of beef in Bangladesh and local production cannot meet the demand

• Income escalation and urbanization two important factors contributing in burgeoning demand of beef

• Fish is becoming scarce as natural habitat of fish is shrinking and the price of alternative of meat is getting soar

Surveillance

• Passive surveillance system does exist ; monthly reports come from field to DLS HQ . Recently web based disease reporting system has been established (http://dls.sslebd.com/passive)

• Limited Sero-surveillance has been carried out but it is planned in strategy in a larger scale.

• DLS has planned training for outbreak investigation, initially veterinarians of FDILS and District Veterinary Hospitals will be trained

• Tissue and serum samples will be collected and analyzed

Laboratory Network

• The country has a Central Disease Investigation Laboratory, 7 Field Disease Investigation Laboratories and 63 District Veterinary Hospitals with mini laboratory

• Two veterinarians are trained on diagnostics techniques in the lead laboratory

• The laboratories are not equipped for sub-typing but CDIL is trying to establish facilities

• ELISA kits supplied by lead laboratory has being using by CDIL for FMD virus subtyping.

Activity Assessment Matrix

Activities Current Status

Value Chain Analysis • Participatory rural appraisal • Stakeholder consultation Workshops •Analysis of existing data

Not done. Regional HPED project has a plan to carry out

Passive and/or active FMD monitoring system

Passive surveillance exist but limited active monitoring

Serological survey

Initiated recently at very limited scale

Risk assessment to identify important risk hotspots for FMD transmission including wildlife

Not done

Activity Assessment Matrix

Activities Current Status

Socio –economic impact analysis

• Analysis of secondary data • Key informant interviews • Primary data collection and analysis.

At limited scale done in 1991 ; Key informant interviews were not done .

Serological survey

Initiated recently at very limited scale

Representative Sampling and laboratory testing for FMDV from different production and geographic region on a regular basis

Done on very irregular basis ; CDIL has started on a small scale

Sample send to international reference laboratory

Sent time to time

Activity Assessment Matrix

Activities Current Status

Training to support field and laboratory activities

Central Lab staff trained ; field staff training planned

Develop information system to support field activities, outbreak reporting and decision making

Reporting system developed on monthly basis ; Emergency Reporting is seldom practiced

Assess effectiveness of legal framework to allow the Veterinary Services carry out FMD control activities.

Not assessed yet.

Activity Assessment Matrix

Activities Current Status

Outbreaks notified to OIE

Done by annual and six monthly report

Analysis of data about the epidemiology of FMD and husbandry systems

Recently attempts are made to analysis

Conduct a preliminary risk assessment to identify critical points for FMD entry and spread.

Not done yet

Vaccination

Vaccination coverage is very low

Quality assessment and vaccination monitoring

Performance is poor

Strategy for the Progressive Control of Foot and Mouth Disease in Bangladesh (Draft )

• To understand the epidemiology of the disease in the

country • To establish a significant immune population that would

decrease the virus load in the environment • To understand the flow of livestock and livestock products

within and into the country and thereby allowing the government and other stakeholders to take appropriate measures on managing animal movement to reduce the risk of spread of the disease

• To identify all stakeholders and mobilize them to action by actively participating in the FMD Control Program

• To build human resources and facilities in veterinary service following the strategic guideline for controlling FMD

Salient Activities of the Strategy

Disease Epidemiology , Surveillance and Lab system :

• Outbreak investigation , sample collection and analysis

• Motivation for reporting of FMD ; Regular publication of reports

• Epidemiological studies and risk analysis

• Targeted surveillance in high risk areas

• Sero and clinical surveillance covering different geographical area and production system

• Spatial and temporal mapping

• Establishment of National Reference Laboratory

• Capacity building of Field Laboratories

• Capacity building of Vaccine production

Communication and advocacy

• Except the example of limited mass media communication animal health communication did not get much attention

• KAP survey may be a strong tool to understand the type of communication intervention needed and strategy suggest undertaking a KAP

• Use of NGOs for interpersonal and Focus Group discussion for behaviour change

• Advocacy with policy makers of all level so that they understand the importance of funding in FMD control

• Economic Impact analysis might be helpful to convince policy makers

Regional collaboration

• Bangladesh government is always supportive to any regional effort

• The following areas could be considered for collaboration –

– Regional value chain analysis to understand the drivers and dynamic of animal movement

– Delegation of power to local veterinary authorities of bordering districts to share outbreak information

– Consultation with all the stake holders ( border forces and non formal traders ) to find a workable solution

- Laboratory networking & Data Sharing