fmea fta reliability
TRANSCRIPT
-
8/10/2019 FMEA FTA Reliability
1/76
TAun
)srl',
Q
crolo"'-
UNIVERSITYF
WOLVERHAMPTON
i .
lee{o't'4--
School f Engineeringnd he
Built
Environment
; , i
t - l - .
/ \ t
-
l-- ' '
BCI{TECTUNE
ANO FNODUCT OggION
ET3008
Colloborative
esign
Module uide
@Th6Univsrsilyol Wolverhamplon
Schoolor
ngineeing nd
is
BuiltEnvircnmenl
ModulsGuide
006-07
10la
-
8/10/2019 FMEA FTA Reliability
2/76
Module
uide
t{oduleTitler
CollaborotiveDesign
i{odule
Code: ET3008
Pre-requisites: ETZOO3
r CV2009 r
CN20O3
Co-requisit"si None
Semaster/Acadenic
eorr
Semester 2@7/Og
credii
Voluer
15
Level
of study:
li\oduleLeadcr:
6rohan Ooks
Phoner
+4419Q2
?3888
Foxr
+441902
322754
E-moiL [email protected]
Internal Aioderotorr K?vin
arnr
1 Rolionole
The
principol
im of
ihis
module
s
to
provide
underslanding
nd
knowledge
f the
principles
f Colloboroliveesign.
his
ncludes
he
opplicoiion
f ossociated
omputer osed
ools ond
methodologies
reloted o distributed esign evelopmant.hemodule ims o review
modern
oycpproaches
o New
Product
Development
nd
nnovotion. he
module
ill
provide
ihorough
nsighto the complex
ssues
urrounding
3
Dimensional
AD
Dato
Exchcnge, esign
eoms
nd
mportontlyn
-
todoy's
ncreosinglyitigious ociety,Design
ssunonce.
2
Leorning
ouicomes
By
successfulompletion
f the moduletudentswill
be oble o showr
@Th6 niveGilyl Wolvrhampton
Schoolol
Enginee gand he
BuihEnvironmenl
Moduls uide
006-07
2alA
-
8/10/2019 FMEA FTA Reliability
3/76
2.1
Krowledge
ndUnderstohdihg
KU)
1
The
woy
in
which
Quolity
Assurqnce
echniques
nfluence he
design
rocess
nd
how hey
might
be oppliedo evoluote
esign
solutions.
2 Fociors thot need to be drown into the desiqn
developmeni/reolisotion
rocess.
2.2 SubjecfSpecificSkills
sss)
1
Dehonstrote
qn qworeness
f rnonogemeni/enterPrise
ssues
within
he Design
nvironment
2.3 IntellcctuolSkills
I5)
2.4 Keyskills
Ks).
1 Communicoie
Showobility o discuss
ncludingisfening nd
receiving:e oble o moke
presenioiion,
o reqdond o write.
2 Workwith others
be oble1o
plon
wofk,work owords
bjeciives,
reviewwork
3
Wcckly
opic
aulde
(Pleos
oie
hot onoccosion
t
moy
necessdry
o omendhe schedule)
oThe University J
wolverhampion
SchoololEngineerngnd h
Bu t Environmenl
Module ulde 006-07
W..k
No
WG.k
conncncinq
Indicotiv.ModulcProgromm.
1 ?4'^Sept07 fniroduction
o
nodule
Foilure
Modes
qnd
Effects
Anolysis nd Fouli
Tree
Anolysis
ncluding
pplicotions
o typicol design
situotions.
1'rOcI 07 f ntroductiono
Reliobility
3 I'h oct 07
RiskAnolysis
n
he collaborqtive
nvironment
15'h ct 07
f
nclusive esiqn
ndSusioinobility
5
22nnOd 07 6eneric
roduct
iobility
29th
oct
07 Thedesiqner'sesponsibility ith
cose tudies.
7
5'h Nov 07
Borrierso communicotion.
The
voice
f the customer.
Quolity
equiraments
'filness
for
purpose"
8 12rhNov 07 Exqminoiionnto he stroteqic role of CAD.
3ofB
-
8/10/2019 FMEA FTA Reliability
4/76
9
19th
Nov
07
Desion
ocurnentotion
nd
ocilities
monoqement.
10
26ih
Nov
07
Investigotion
nio
ihe use of Disiribuied snd
Colloborqtiveesiqn
11 3'd
Dec
07 Computer
qseddesiqn
knowledqe
ystems
12 101h
ec
07
The
New ProductDeveloDment
rocess
nd
Electronic
Doto Exchonoe
Christmos
ocotion
3 weeks
7rh
Jon
08
Finol
ummotive
ssessnent
or
semester
14 14th
qn
08
Morkinq
Week
15
z - Jon 08
Feedbock
ndocodemic dviceweek
You shouldolso efer to the
Acodemic olendor
or furiher
informoiion
n
teqching
ndossessmenieeksi
hitpr,/,/qsp2.wlv.oc.uk/webteom/obout/uninf
/req-qco-cql0708.doc
4 SpcciolistRcsourccs
School
rovidcd)
WoLF
qnd
appropriote
ofiwore,
or
exomple
but
nol exclusively)
utocAD.
5 Spcciolisi
Rgsources
Studcniprovided
with cost
ndicoted)
None
6 Indicotiv. Rcodirg ndL?orhingupportList
DIETEP
G E, Engineering
esign,McarowHill.
CATHER , MORRISS
, PHILIPM,
ROSE
C. Design ngineering
ulterworth
Heinemonn
RIBBENS,
.
(2000)
Sinultaneous ngineeringor
NewProductDevelopnenf.
JohnWiley
Sonsnc.
O'CONNER,
.
2OO2)
ractical
el
abilityEngineering.ohnWiley
ondsons
Ltd,
SKALAK,S.
(2OOZ)
nplenenting Concuffenl Engineering
n
Snall Conpanies.
MorcelDekker
td
LEE,K.
1999\
Principles
f
CAD/CAtuI/CAE
ysfens,
Addison
Wesley
WRI6HT,
L
(Morch
1998)
Design Uethods
n
Engineering
nd Product Design.
Mc6row-Hill
ublishingo.
Sludv Skills
TiDs voilobleo downloodrohl
httpi//osp.wlv.oc.uk/Level3.osp?UserTvpe=6&Level3=542
subjeci specific resource
nformo+ion onolsobe
fouhd
ot the Subject Storting Pointl
httD://osD-wlv-oc.uk/Level4.osD2UserTvDe=4dLevel4=683
OTheUniversity
f Wolvefiampton
SchoololEngneer
g
and
heBuiltEnvimnmonl
Modute uide 006-07
-
8/10/2019 FMEA FTA Reliability
5/76
7 Teochingond Ledrning
{eihods
The Schoolof Et\gineering
nd the
Built
Environmenf's
eochingond eorning
philosophy
s io develophe whole
fudeni
.e.
o
provide ou
with
chollenging
ociivities
qnd
ossignnenishot require
ou
o develop nd
hprove killsos well
os ncreqsenowledgendunderstondingf yoursubjectspeciolistn.
This
volue-odded
pproochmeons
hot
you
need o be
provided
wiih
the
opportunityo develop
kills hrough he noture
onddesign f ihe cosestudy.
The lecture
progrommes designedo bridge he
gop
between
our
current
knowledge,nderstonding
nd
evelof skillsond hose equired
y
q
designern
your
hosen
rofession.
Tutoriqls,
procficols
snd seminor
octivity will
involve ou in investigofions,
presentotions,iscussionsnd/or exercises
n set topicsond noy
nvolve elf
qnd
peer
ossessment.
Thisopproochees he leorning Eeds5 he focusof the leorning ctivitywith
the understonding
hot
you
will
needo tokeonsomeesponsibilityor
your
own
leorning.
8 Asscssmnt
8.1 ,{elhods
ord
Weightiirgsr
Cohponent
,Assignmeniosed pon'Design
ssuronce'oPics
component
, Assignnent osedupon New
product
ntroduction/definitionnd
CADdotoboses
8-2
Asscssment
DESCRIPTION
KU
K5
2
F
-
D
tr
>
SUBIAISSION
\ryEEK
1
Componenl
1
Individuol echnicolreport on
o selecteddesign
ollfion sing
oppropriote
techhiqus
for
ossuring esign ompliohce
nd
fitness or
purpose
I
1
I
50'?6
Conpohent
Prociicol ossessmen+
bosed
eilher on Dolo Exchonge
or
Doto
Attribltes. 6roup reporf
with
ihdividuol riliques.
I
50%
10
@TheUniveBity
of Wolvehampton
School i EnglnBing
nd he BulltEnvironmenl
Module uide 006-07
5or8
-
8/10/2019 FMEA FTA Reliability
6/76
To
poss
he module
ou
must
qchieve
minimum
rode
f
D5 or
ggqb
otnponenl
of ossessment.
Key
o
Leorning
utcomes:
KU . KnowledgendUnderstonding
SSS
=
Subject peciflc kil ls
15
=
Ihtellectuolki l ls
Ks
=
Key
kil ls
8.3 lilorking
Critrio
Full detoils
of the
morking
criteriq will
be issued
to
you
qs
port
of fhe
ossignmeht rief ot the
slort of the module.
8.4 Subnission
of Coursework
ThEossignmentshouldbe hondedn qt the City Compus tudenf Registry
(MI
024) ondo receipt
obtoined.
8.5
Exi?nsiohs
Extensionswill
onlybe ollowed
n exceptionol ircumstonces nd
you
nust
hoveo
volid couse
(normolly
covered.
for
exomple,
by
o medicol cerfificoie),
Applicotions
or
exfensions eed o be hode using he stqndord
orm
obtoinoble
from
heCityCompustudent
egisiry,
tu\Io24).
Assignm?nisubmitlcd
ote withoui
q
sqnctionedxtension ill be norkcd
FN
ff
you
ore
unobleo submit
our
work
by fhe deodlina r wiihin onyExtension
gronted;
or
if
you
consider
our
perfornonce
hos been offected by some
exceptionql circumstonces
you
should consider
opplying
for
Exienuoting/Mitigoting
ircumsionces.
n
suchcqses
ou
should onsult
our
Personoluior or o
University ounsellor
or
odvice.
8.6
Returnof Coursewor.k
The
pink
copy
of ihe Student
Assessmenl
orm will
nornrolly e reiurned
o you
within hree working
weeks. tudentwork
s not normollyeturnedond
you
ore
odvisedo keep ourownhordondsoft copy f onyworksubhitted.
8-7 Retrievol f Failure
The
etrievol
pportunity
or
exohinotionsn this
module ill
be duringweek
conmencrnoJ
urv uuo.
Retrievolwork reloting
o ossignments ust be token
qt
the next
ovoiloble
opportunity. For setnester
ne rnodulesesit work shouldbe honded
n by
Fridoy
14th
Morch
2008.
For
semesterwo
modules
esit
work
should e honded
in
by Fridoy
11th
uly
2008.
OThUniversity
i Wolvedampton
Schooot Enginer
gand heBuiltEnvimnmenl
Module uide 006-07
6 ol8
-
8/10/2019 FMEA FTA Reliability
7/76
Retrievol
work
reloiing to
ossignmenis ill
be
posted
n WOLF,under he topic
SEBEStudentNoiice
boord.
f
you
choose ot o toke his
opportunity
ou
will
be required
o retoke the wholemodule
t the
next opporlunily.
you
ore
odvised o discuss
our
retrievol oplionswith
your
Personol
uior.
Regulotions
overning
elrievol
of
foilure
vory depending
on
your
oword,
in
porticuloruponwhetheryou ore studying or o degreeor o highernotionol
quqlificotion.
Pleose efer
to
your
Course
Guideor the Undergroduote tudenf
Hondbook
007108.
Student
Conduclond
Behoviour
Students
ore expecled
o complywith ihe
SEBE tudenf Code
or
Bahoviour
ond
Attendonce.
his s
published
nWOLF
SEBE
tudentNotice
oord) nd
on the school otice
boords. tudents
who do noi conduct
hemselves
n
qccordonce
ith hiscode
ndwho redisruptive
n closs
moy
eexcluded
rom
ihe module
nd
moy
esubleci
o lhe Universilyf Wolverhompton
isciPlinory
procedures.
9.1
Altsndqnce
n Closs
fn the
interestof courtesy
o
fellow
students
nd
stoff, students re r?minded
ihot
it is
expected
hey will be
puncfuol
norrivolot clqss
nd
n
good
ime
for
the
beginningf the
ecture.
9.2
obilcPhones
fn the interest of courtesyo fellowstudentsqndstoff Pleose nsure hqt
mobile
hones
re switched
ff during ectures nd tutoriol
closses. n
exceptionolircumstonces
he module
eoder
qy
ollow
ndividuol
hones
o be
kept
on
if
o volid eoson
s
given.Anystudent
who
considershey
hqve
o
volid
reosonmust
discusshis wiih
the lecturer
rior
o the lecture iofting.
f
permission
s
gronted
he
phonehould e
put n
o'silent ode'.
9.3
Plogiorismnd
Collusion
Plogiorism
ndcollusion
re
veryserious ffenceshot
con esult
n
expulsion
from
he
Universiiy.
his s becousehose
ound
uilty
f
plogiorism
r collusion
will
not onlyhove itenpted o rapresent orneonelsesworkos heir ownbut
hqve lso oughto
gqin
nunfoircdvqntqge
ver heir
fellow
students.
9.3.1
Avoidinglogiorismnd
Collusion
1. In the coseof
group
work
you
ore ocfively
encourogedo work
n o teom.
Howevet
he sections
f the ossignment
hot
you
onswer nusibe
your
own
individuol
ork.
2. You hould oke
t verycleorwhot
sourcesf
inforhqtion ove een sed;
whercmolerial/informotion
rom
hese
sourcess
quofed t
musl
be
cleorly
referenced sing he HqrvordReferencingystem.Detoils onbe obtoined
OThUn
v6ilyoi Wolverhamplon
schooloiEnginesring
nd heBuiltEnvironment
Mod leGuide 006-07
-
8/10/2019 FMEA FTA Reliability
8/76
from
Leorning
Cenlres
or on-linevio the LeorningCentre Home
Poget
http://qsp.wlv.oc.uk/Level5.osp?UserTypc4&Level5:3
65).
3. Neverotiehpt to copy
r
porophrose
nother tudenfswork.
9-4 The StudentVoic
The involvehenfof students
n
lhe
qssessment
f course
quolity
is
on
esloblished
ori
of ihe
University's
rocedures.he
Students'
Union nd
your
Pothwoy
eoders
will
be
qble
o tell
you
obout he representotiveoles
qvqiloble
io students
nd
he communicotion
rocesses
n
he
School. hese re
mportont
roles hot benefit
you
ondother studenls.Further
nformotion bouistudent
representotion
nd the
Student Voice
s
svqiloble
t
the Sfudents'
Union
websiter
10 R"glstrqllon
you
ore reminded
hot only
students who hove
formolly
registered
os
porticipants
no
module
illbe oble o
goin
redits. tudenis re resPonsible
for
checking ndomending
heir |noduleegistrofion
fotuseither ihroughe-
vision,
r the Studenf
Registry,
1l CourseHqndbook
ndAcodemic egulollons
or
sfudcnls
This
module
uide
hould e reod
n
conjunctionith
he termsond onditions
contoined
n
your'course
6uide'ond he
University'sUndergroduoietudent
Hondbookor
StudEnts
OOT/08.
12 Module
qrliclponls
l{odulcLeodcr:
Nomc
GrqhqmOskes
Universily f Wolverhompton
Phoner
+441902
323888
Foxr
+441902
22754
E-moil:
OThUnive6ity
of Wolvefiamplon
SchooloJ nginering
nd heBuiltEnvimnmenl
[,rodure u]de 006-07
8 018
-
8/10/2019 FMEA FTA Reliability
9/76
Pca*:t
,
J .*
|
IJNIVERSITY
OF
WOL 'EREAMPTON
SEBE
Department
f
Architecture
fld
Product
Design
ASSIGNMENI
I
-
Individual
wirh r6Dect
ro the
hct that
;ciety
is
grsduallymoving owards
a more
itigious
*"itontti.*,
legislation
n
the United
Kingdom
and he
European
canomic0ornmunity
*ouU
impo.e
s-euere
enalties n
companies
rising
rom design
errors
and defects
In order
o
meet his
challenge
ompalies
ned o
identify
potential ources
fhilue
in
theirproductsand use his infonnationn a design ssurance
ense
L
With rdpeot
to
the above,
rom a team
collaborative
esign
oint
ofview,
disclss
the
ollowing
eohniques
f
hazard
nalysis:
1.3FaultTreeArlabsis.
Yourarrwers
o 1.2and
1.3should
nclude
nanalysis
fa domstic
pplisncd
DIY
dornestio
roducl hat
you
are amiliar
with c.g.
microwave ve4
hedge
trinrner.
2.
Discuss
ow the
ollowing
opics
woutdbe considered
ndaddressed
n
your
ohosen
roduct:
2.1 Reliability,
2.2Safery.
Use
diagrams
ndor
sketches
o illustrate
our
answer.
Assi$ment
weighting
=
50%
Issuedat;
4' October
2007
Hand n date:
23d
November
007
1.1
Preliminsry
azard
t1"ir.rr/
/
i
1,ffi",T"1
Ir
I,,",",/
-
8/10/2019 FMEA FTA Reliability
10/76
a ,J uNtvERslrY
F
V\VI WOLVERHAMPTON
s"rroftt
r
elgin"edng
nd
he
Built
nvironment
ASSESSMENT
RIEF
ModulTitler
COLLABORATIVEDESIGN
Module
ode:
ET3008
ComDonnt I
^r
t
Element
Not
il;6;;
Numbefl
appllcabr
Wiqhting:
50%
component
Failuro
Modes
nd
E fects
Analysi3,
autt
ru'
Analysb'
Rrliablllty
End
Safety
Leaming utc.omeso b6assessd:
Knowledge
nd
unde6tanding
fi
Th
way
n whlchQuallty
ssurance
echnlques
nfluenc
hsdslgn
rocess
nd
how
heymlght
e
eppliedo
evluate
esignollllons
Faclors
hatneod
o be
drswnnto
hsdslgn
evElopm9nurosllstlon
pocess.
aubjectpclfickllls:
Demonstrate
n awarensss
f managsmenuentrpr lse
ssues
ithinhe
design
nvlronment
KeY
Skillsl
Communicate
show
bilityo dlscuss
ncludlng
lsteningnd ecelvlng;
e
abl o mako
presentatlon'o rad nd
owrits
Llarking
rltefia:
leas
eferto
ttached
het
o ThUnlv.Elty ol Wolv.rhampton
school f Engineedng
nd tho BuiltEnvkonmonl
School
6366mnt
andbook
-
8/10/2019 FMEA FTA Reliability
11/76
Hazard
nalysis
a
genel broad
ntrcduction
o hazard
nalysrs
AoDlication
f
FIVIEA
nd
FTA
methodologies
0 he
chosen
roducl
How
Reliabilily
ssues
ave
been
onsidered
n the
chosen
Product
g
choice
f
."asuiemeniunits;
cvcles'
ou|s.
and
method
f testing
or
Reliability
How
Safety
ssues
ave
been
considered
n
he chosen
roduct
g
rflethods
f
safety
assessmentnd esting-
Th6
minimum
ass
malkforthls
omponenl
s
D5
Assignment
anded
ut:
4tnoc{ober
007
Latest
ate
or
submissioh:
23'd
November
007
Assignmenb
ubmitted
frer
h.
deadlne
ndwthout
n
allhorised
'xtnslon
oftime
willbe
maR6dF0
Please
mark
your
assignment
or
the
aftentlon
of: Graham
Oakes
SEBE
Room
tA109b
You holld
make
vry
arwhatsources
lintotmation
ave
en
Eediwhra
'lrlal/lnformalion
iom.
h's
i.',i,JiJ-rj
r"tii
i,"i,t u..rearty
6fe,enc.d
.rns
heHaruard
efer.ncrns
Frem.
D.tallEcan
obtain.d
rom
The
assignm6nt
usl
be handed
n o
studnt
Registry'
Ml Block
City
campus'
A
signed
eceipt
ust
e
obtained
hen
heassignments
resubmitted
oushould
eep
your.receiptn
a saf
Place.
Youare
advised
o
keep
our
wn
electronic
hard'
opy
f anywork
ubmltted'
Comments
Thiswork
s
echnical
n content
nd hould
esuitably
onstructed
nd
presented'
The
SEBE ord
ariffforthis
ype
of assessment
ndweighting
s approximately
000
*orai. wnicn
mav
oe
enhanc;d
y he
nclusion
ftechnical
eviews'
ews
lippings'
caiestudlesnd-oiagrams
ll
ofwhich
hould e
clearlyeferenced,
itld
nddiscussed
in
youf
main
oxt,
o the Unive6ity fWoLverhamPlon
school
f Engineeing
nd
he81]ilt
nvironment
school
ssessmen
andbook
-
8/10/2019 FMEA FTA Reliability
12/76
ATl
t>e
i-
School
f Engineering
nd
heBuilt
Environment
ASSESSMENTBRIEF
'
,
I te'r
'
'-'v_J'
Module
Trtle:
Collabor.tive
llesign
Module odo:
E
3006
Componenl
umbe[
2 of 2
Weighling:50%
CAD
Cu3tomi.ation/Exlraction
Leaming
Outcomeso
be sssessed
y his
component.
Knowlcdge
md U lerrtrndhg
of:
Fecto$ lil
noed o bedrawl
imo hedesign
evelopmeltEalisatiotl
ocess'
SubictSoccifDc
ldll :
o.doostria ao
"tartoos
ofnanagemcs/elrsFisessucswithio trcDesiSnovilonmel|l
Ker Sldllr:
WJrk witn orhers
be
ablc10
plan
wodq
work
owsrds
bjectives,
eview
wo*'
Ma*ing
Crited$
Assignment
andcd
uti
Lat6t
dat
for lubmisaion:
fta assiEmdl
brief
hasbad
esiS d
o
Fovidr
a
patbwsy
o acbicviry
a succcsfil
$bmission
anA ou
are
atvisea
o urtte
lbc assigrunq[
thcordet
a wNch
t
is
pr$d'd ThassigrmFnt
Joria conoeocc
wio anover
architrg
ssig&rnt
lEoducriotr
trdcoDclude
it'hbdlel
point
conilusions
nd
bibliography/tcfctEoces
vidence fbockgrould
eadiry?Id
rrratchwill bc
UNIVERSITY
F
WOLVERHAMPTON
Element
\t
Bl6c
\.
UIl\
\),-+-
)
jl
, (
r--I
tootea
oratong io
6c uo
of CAD
basc (aluplcs
3 ogql"d
tiftnt the
s8lun.[t
M
Thc
miniil|ln
pa35
at for hir
coaDonelt
s
D5
1a1012007
i
R6poti
0,U01/200t
Extraclion
,Vitnssslng
3/l ,07
&signncots
tmitted
afrr
hedcadlirc
nd
withour
nauthorised
xrasion
f irne
will be
n rtd m.
Plerse
mad(
your
a$ignmcnt
fot
lhe attsntion
of:
Kevin
Gamcr
Youslrculd
kc t very lcsr
what
ources
fidonnatiotr
avc e' ured;
wbrr
*"tetiaviofo.nxion
6-
thcs ourcs
s
quotedt m sIbccle$ty
Eferncd
sing
heHarvard
RfeEncing)61en.
Details
atr obtained
oE l,emitrg
anrca)
Th. asaignment
must
be
handad
n to the
City
clmpu3 Rogislry.
A signed
eceipt
usl e
obtained
hen
he
assignments
rasubmK{ed'
You
shoutd
koep
your
teceipt
n a aaf
plac.
Youareadvisod
o
keop
our
o\,rn lectronic
hatd'
copyof any
vork
ubmittedExensions
willnot
bs
given
or ost
iectonic
ata.
Make egllar
acJ(ups
f
your
work
(r.""."\
zz
I
-
8/10/2019 FMEA FTA Reliability
13/76
Co[aborrtive
De.ign
(AlsigEnenr
2
-
weight'
g
50'/')
iln Crr.io.it"tio"olttrrrctiotr
40olo'lndMdu'l
Rcpo
60%
I$ue dat:18[0n
07
Ernd-in dde:
04/01/2108
Enraction
witnesring:
13n2l2007
*HJ""["il*
*"
*0"
partof lhis
assignnet[
equircs
ou
o
iavestiSate
ow-datacootained
ithin
a
cAD
jiii*T"ia."6-*iL
u.
._i"".a
atrd
urilised
wilhitr-third
any
sosq,sre
uch
wordProcssoE.
;";;:IffJt
Ddb"*
sl$ems
The
ndividust
wort
roquited
ot he
assignmeol
sbascd
n a
wntrn
repon
iJc',t"J on
u.
moe
e".t"l
3D softI
deBiled
clow
Attdbute
Enr*tion
fiill""i',ilitJleo
g(radion
Trlorial
vou
are
a5I
psir' rcquired
o
desiSn
I9'r
o:a
9ta
extractios
aDDlicatioD.
ou
ar
adviscd
o slecr
muhrary;6ufie
appliication
hiO
uitlses
dda
tb6.you
at
amiliar
:lin"J;;
il;reiiil]
*uult"
*iutio
ot
tit*
"outaintior
ue assignrnent-
[1e
eduret
n ibarse
musl
hH";ifft;;;ril;r-taot *'r cotii""t rl" e*tracteaaaooutoe input nd
ilised
na
word
Processor.
ao
Base
r SprEadshel
ppucauon
hichever
s apprDpriate
o
the&ta
being
manipdded
On
completion
f
your
4plication
please osrt
hal
vour
work
s wiflcsscd
I 3/12/07)
ndsigncd
ff by
rhe
ldurer
n cbatge
Questiooing
"bour
tht
ptoosi
-;l'Eke
place
t
hiljunc{ure
and
his
wiu inform
rdividual
omdas.
his
sction
f
thc
^,"orn*'-o"'-"'
*itb rtre
n'Unission
f
a
oinr
overvirs'
ofthe
A tocAD
ixEaction
Proc.ss
ncluding
utoCAD
prou Jth
AITDISp
ta
to
oo"
td
"of,
-d
a com$enl,Iv
expLiniry
ilffi;;;;--*"n;8h
bsrc;n
dre
Foduaivitv
of an
er[c(Fise
Individ;d
Rport
Con.borrtive
Dc'lgt
Tool
Mobeiswlrroo$ rorirsrD"Tll::-Hfl
JH
H,m"S"*T,
#ffi
i"jm*.
web+asd
ocuenls
With
rooetrt
crc8 s
r
iJ-fit'ri*iid*
"roiog'Mobe
oecign-sotutions-
d
tb$ugh
heir
Adobe
Sol*o::
$b
Facc
ihno:/ r'ftTt.adobc.cotr/sorons/tsugscsrd: o dstlerwhoyouai orwhercyou
wotk
Adobe
an
nuk'
a
difrircucc"
aad
or
aunufrctuling
Adooc
ugg;
that
user
canisteoaiunc
le dTlgt
Td
manufactutiqc
;il;Ttd;i,era-"
ti-"-;-tfrt""
Furtirtnore
rlrough
rir
Mobe
Acrobat
D
leb
pases
htDJfultrv.adobe
otr/proOu"w'*t'
tJ tg8p*
-among
other
ene6u'
har
heir
Acrobat
D
softr'are
allo*6
the
desigtlet
r orgimer
o:
.
Easily
isrribute
D desigDs
ootaidlg
prod_uclalufacturinJ
donnation
PMI)
such
sdimensio$'
iorerinces.
naaonotations
o
you
extDded
tT
uftcturing
e'ms
.
kt voul
o.tndedlcaE
uUy
parnopat
n e' ail-
or
stsbascd-rcvitFs
fPDFdlcumcds
The
-
illii"?iiiillt-ea.ti
neaaeienattc
len
to
mart
cROUp
>
GLOBAL
.
For
Thursdav
/
Novembryou
areexpected
o complete
ully
and
est
out the
part
List
Exh;tior
exelcNe.
In
order o
assist
you
in developiDg our
o\rn application
end o
tbink
about
he
sort
or oala
you
wrsh
o
extact
you
are
aow rcquired
o
plan
out
aDd
comDlete
n
exDaction
process
or
the followiq
application:
A
sports
alub has
a total
of l2 acres
of land
that
may
be used
or
a variety
offield
sportl,
lvhia
miSht
nclud
sporrs
uchas
Football,
Rugby
and
Hockey
etc.
you
are
required
o
plan
out the
area
so hat several
different
sports
can
be
cab;ed
fo;at
the
same ime (no
repetitions
and
ry to rDaximile
he
useofthe
field).
Do not
worry
about he-
ctual
shape
of the area
but
you
must,,ot
cxced
he
li aqe,
*u
thiot,
yoo
may
need
o colrvglt
acres
o
yad.s
or mets
and
hen
use
he
official
recommended
size
ofthe
wrious
spons
pitches).
Once h
ayout
ofthe
areahas
been
plamed,
consider
what
nformation
micht
bc
required
o book
the facilities
sayon a
weekly
basis
e.g.
Narre
ofperson
,"liog
tt
"lookin-g:tc1c..:tY9u should welopaminimu- of5 d.isctctei"ce,oiiof*i*t oo
ror
eacn
boohng/tacility.
() c
the
acilities
have
been
irlly
booked
out for
all
the
sports
you
have
hcluded
you
should
extat
the
data
n CSF
ormat
ad
include
t
in
a
Word
document,
Print
this out
andkeep
as
evidence
hat
you
have
corrpteteJ
he tast.
Beyond
he
sports
acilides
you
might consider
additional
booking
details
based
around
he club
housg
showsn,
bar,
ood
and so
on.
-
8/10/2019 FMEA FTA Reliability
19/76
Asriermpntderaits
You ar-requ:red
o derrp.
Je\etop.
grr.
nd
docummr
sotulun
o rhc
st..crficdion irLn
bclo$.Th-s)stemi l tobcd,r \1. :otedi rh j {c . l . rne$.cbpigecJnbecreatrdLsln anvsuiL,bt
m.thod
or
ou.
chorce
Tlc
[\ccl m".jct
shou]rt
nchrde
-s
l_,
"r
ir,"'i"jl"*i,r_
lj,a:r..i
taatures
fE]{cei
s
possible:
.
macro inldl
to cofimrnd
button.
.
on-srecn
elp
c.B_
.rcqn
ipsJ
.
so4ing
d
4
.
filrering
data.
.
usc
oflf
funclion.
.
use
fPivol
Tslt.s,
. use fVLOOKLD tlnclion.
llsnd-ln
d.trlh
Yout *ch
paCc
tl.l
rcur
so.ti
g
Ex.et
r)nc7
storcd
n
r]oppy
lsc
$.ilh
rs
&ccomDinun
o(um.Dranon
rc
o bc
h.nded
n ro
hc sr
dcnl
eginr
bI, he
d.r\ ro,licnte,i
n rour'rno,r.,rl
surdc.
All $ork
shotrld
e
prcscnred
h r
conrprered
overshccr.'Th;
tr;-;;;il;.
;;;j
and
ttrchcd
o
yourpapis
Gemamber
o kc.p
a b{k-up
copy
of},oLLr
vork).
Docu
mntrilon
Docurcnrarion
ust
be
word,proc.ssed.
dtahl.r.
truclurcd
e.g.
ub-bcadirys
or:
nlrod(crion
to
thc
prcbleh,
dcsignof lh.
sprcadsheer,
lovelopment
f
ttrclnodct.
tgo;ihm;,,*d.
;iil:
coD(luslon)
nd
hrve t collents agc.
Yor|
need
o include
n
rorlr
docunrcntation
or yo|rr
]lcel
s]stcmi-
J.
lnlruJuctroD
o tlle
problem
nd
-rour
Llcsjgn
hr vo,rr
solurion.
o ncluJc
Lridenc
oI
puftrn8,
e.g
skceher
drlsn on pipr.
.1r)d
tcsi$ of
r
rensjblc
(r.rcrure
or
tlre
sysrctn,
.g.
nren
on
frrsr
r'orksh.ct,
booting
nform,rtion
onsecond orksfieet,
rc. l
ro
2
plgcs
plus
slcrches).
Assilrnmenrr
(60?i,)
I
Dc(riplio'r
of your
jerclopmmr
f
]nur
so,unon.
e.g.
algo.ithnls,
brmulae.
caturcs
elc.
uscd,
l
o 2
prgcs).
I
User
guide,
ricfdelails
bur
softicie
rbr
r ne{
prus
$cr n
ots).
user
o
nn
vour ppticarion.
1
page
I
Acrudresdrtru e,tJndrheresulrsof lourl
-
8/10/2019 FMEA FTA Reliability
20/76
-
8/10/2019 FMEA FTA Reliability
21/76
?roblem
Spctficarion
, l :1, tu,1 ' r . f fa lani
,s
a
-
8/10/2019 FMEA FTA Reliability
22/76
FailureModesandBffects
Analysis
FMBA)
Introduction
Failure fcomponents
anoccur or a
variety f different casons ependingpon he
product
and ts application. he
ist
of
failuremodesn any
pa
icular
product
ouldbe
quite
considerable.he raditional ulturc fdesignerss oneofsolvinga failuremodeproblem nce
it hasoccuffed.
he
philosophy
f design ssurance
s
one
of failure
prevention
y analysing
failuremodes t he nitial decision
making tages f thedesign
rocess,
.e. he Trontend'.
When ndividual ailuremodos
avebeendentifiedn a system,
arious
echniquesan
be used
for thesynthesisf these
ailuremodesnto a
procedure
or systematicnalysis
nd o
propose
solutionso them.These
echniquesavebeen roadly alled'Hazard
nalysis'methods nd
haveoftenbeen mployed
n
post-modem
ituationlt,fter he
componentr
product
as ailed,
ONE
procedure
ontained ithin hisbroad
andof Hazard nalysiss a
procedure
alled
FMEA
(Failure
Mode$
ndEffectsAna.lysis).
Hazard analysis
Definitionof Hazad:
'A
setofconditionsn theoperation
f a
product
r system ith the
potential
or initiating n
accident equence.'
BS
477813.3.1).
oresimply:a
potential
ource f harm
Preliminaryhazardanalysis
This s a broad tudymadc
n theearlystages fdesign, t consists fbreaLking
heengineering
system own
nto sub-systemsr even o ndividual omponentsnd
or each, nsweringhe
following
questions:
1. Sub-systemr itemunder onsideration
2. Modeofoperation.
3. Hazardouslement
4.
Event
hat dggershehazardouslement
5. Hazardouscondition.
6. Event hat riggers
he
potential
ccident
7. Potential ccident.
8. Possible ffects f accident
-
8/10/2019 FMEA FTA Reliability
23/76
9.
Measusaken o contain r
DrEveot
ccurnces
10.Classifrcstionf hazard
Refer o infonnation
low or the
qualitative
lassificationf hazard.
Informationor completinghePreliminary azardAnalysis omesrompcnonalcxpcrience,
interviewswith operating
qsonnel
upervisors,
itelature
eta.Con|ider he
ollowing
example
of a tic-barbrackctn &hostileenvironment;
hc aDalysis,ouldbe:
1.
Ti-bar rackot
2. Partof cngine abilising
sy8tem
3. Hostilcenvitonnnt
4.
Operation
f engine
5. Corosion
6. Corosion
Educes ross cctiomlalaof bracket
7. Brackct ails
8. All
motionof engincansfelred o mountings
9.
Modify matedal nd/or urface
eatment
of bracket
10.Classiflcation
V.
the reviewof caretully
gcpared
PrcliminaryHazad Checklists
s
an
mpofiant
echnique
o
nsurhatno obviousDoints Ioverlooked.
_;r_
'di,i,o
-
8/10/2019 FMEA FTA Reliability
24/76
Delinition of
FMEA:
The study f thepotentialailureshatmightoccurn anypartofa system,o determinehe
probable
ffects f eachon ajl theother
pafs
of thesystem ndon
probable
perationaluccess.'
(BS
4'778 '1 '7)'.
The echnique f FMEA
is
based
n a
quite
simple
rinciple
nd ts aim s to anticipate
otential
failures o hat heirsource
anbeeliminated.
t
conrists f a GililEfana-ii"i--aTlE
-
mrlfunctioni
hatcanbe
producedn thecomponentsf anengineedngystem nd he
subsequentffects hat hese an
haveon sub-assemblies,ssembliesnd
inally
he
product.
A
complex
roduct
an ail
in
an
almostnfinitenumber fways.Therefore,
t
seems
mpossibleo
determine very
possible
ailuremodeof a
givenproduct.
However,f the
product
s
S$g E4St94lS$-lgILb4s
ents he ailure
modes
of these
co4p9191111 considerably
reduced,his meanshat heFMEA always as o be started t hemostbasic evelof an
assembly,
t
proceeds
rom here pwards
n thehierarchy fthe system. MEA
is
actua
y
called he bottom-up'method.
o reduceheworkloadt maybe advisableo
follow and
examG onliifrela-iiurE6'odes
ith thehighest
robability
f
occurrence.
As anexample
onsiderhe ailures
which
can
ead o anaircraftjet ngine reakdown;heyarc
almost
nfinite.However,hemain
ailuremodesor thecomponentsf theengine uchas
ts
fuel system re
probably
more imited. f theanalyst onsidershebasic
parts
of the
uel system
e.g. uel
pump,
uel
pip,
njection ozzle tc,, he
possible
ailuremodesor thissystem re
evenmore
educed. y using hisapproach,
orking romcomponento sub-asseqlly, ndsu -
q',eaqylg.res -Ul c@-lelt@-
establish failureanalysisor the,cggt 9qqg 49.
Thebasic deaunderlying
he echnique f FMEA
s
to discipline
he luxing houghts nd deas
whichoccur
n the mindof thedesigner uring
hedesign
rocess,
o hat n followinga
methodical
locedure
hedesigner
s forced o follow thesehoughtsn a thorough
manner.n its
most igorousorm,an
FMEA s a summary f theengineerl houghts
including
n analysis f
everyconceivable
tem hatcan
go
wrong,based
n experiencend
past
problems),
she/she
designs component
r system.
Over
h9
years
he FMEA method
asbeenmoreandmore efined nd t is now
virtually
standard
ractice
o
usea standardisedorm of
presentation.
ifferent
product
reas .g.
aerospace,uclear, ndautomobilendustdes ighthavea slightlydifferent mphasisn cefiain
areas,
Outline
The echnique
f F.M.E.A. s used o assess
ny
potential
hoficomingsn the Design nd
Manufacturef a component,
ub-assemblyr finished
roduct.
hebroad oncept
f F.M.E.A.
is that hedesign nd
process
recarefully nalysed nd heir
potential
hoficomingsre
recorded.
numerical ssessments then
made
nd
hese ssessmentsre hen ankedbr action.
Whenciuried
out correctly, n F.M.E.A.enables
ngineerso look at all aspectsfthe design
and
process nd hen o highlight
where
osteffective ction anbe aken.
Theanalysis ill showwhereactions neededo achieveeduced arranty osts, crap osts,
inspectionosts urd
W.I.P.costs.t will also
help n themarketing rea o mprove ales nd
-
8/10/2019 FMEA FTA Reliability
25/76
obtainneworders. heachievementf a
highdegree
lsafety
where
afety ritical
products
re
involvedwill be helped yF.M.E.A. echniques.
When To UseF.M.E.A.
F.M.E.A. anbecarried ut at anystage f a
products
evelopment
rom ts initial
conceptiono
its final manufacture.hemostbeneficial
imes o use he echnique re:
1. At the concept tage,
when
outlinesand specificationsre beingset and when
'mock
ups'are eing
made
2. As soonas he
designs laid downbut
pdor
to anymanufacturingeingstarted
3.
when thedesign asbeen
roduced
nd he
process
s being aid down
4. At a stagewhen
majormodifications re o be carriedout. Again at design nd
proce$s
lEratrons
5. When actions avebeen
highlighted
nd corrective ctions avebeen akenan
F.M,E.A. hould a
re-assessed.
Valueof the Technique
Thevalue fthe techniques that
t
ensures
ll risksare dentified nd hat
action
s
taken.
he
fact hata.ll he nformation
lr recorded,educesigdfrcantly hechance fa risk being
overlooked.f thedesign$ nd
processes
reanalysedoEectly,he echnique as
great
alue
both n the
manufacturingreas nd n themarketing leas,
F.M.E.A.
gives
a highdegree f assurance
ndconfidencehat he
product
anbe
produced
o
give
a highdegree fsatisfaction
o both heemployeesnd
potential
ustomers,t will
generate
confidence
n thedesign,manufacture,
uality
and eliability
of a
product.
he
stored
ocuments
will
provide
eady eferences
f
a
problem
hould evelop.
DesignF,M.E.A.
A
design
.M.E.A. hould e carried ut at heearliest
ossible
tagett the ife of a
product.
t is
used o ascertainhat he
product
will carryout ts function orrectlywhen
produced.
o ensure
that heproduct anbe manufacturedssimplyaspossible ith no avoidable onstraints.g.
tighter
oleranceshannecessary.ach
eaturemust
be
analysedor
potential
ailure,
resuming
that t will be manufacturdo the
given
drawings ndspecifications.
Once hedesign
s beyondheconcept tage ndadvancedssue rawings reavailable, ach
dimension
anbe assessed.hedesign
.M.E.A. ollows
analmost hildlike
simplicity,
questioning
he need or the
size, he oleranceor the
presence
f the feature.
Delinitions and the Standard
Worksheet
The
product
nd ts drawingnumber hould
e
appendedo each heet efore onrmencing
he
F.M.E.A.Each olumn hould
owbe filled out usilg the ollowingdefinitions:
-
8/10/2019 FMEA FTA Reliability
26/76
1 ParuProcess
equircments indicatesas
precisely
as
possible
he
function
of
the
part
or the
prccess.
2. Deviation
-
this is the
potential
ailure mode,which shouldbe identified as cleady as
possible
in the ollowing
manner:
y'hat could
possibly
go
wrong?
How can he
pafi
fail to meetspcification?
What
woulda customer onsidero be unacceptable,
egardless
f engineering
specifications
T,?ical
deviations
are:-
o Broken
o Fatigue
o Distortion
o Omitted
o
lraking
o Loose
o Rough
o
Mis-assembled
3.
Ef&glIO
-
at this stageassume
hat the ndicateddeviationhasoccuned, hen describe
what
the customer
might notice or experience.Someexamples
f effectsof failure arc:.
o Operation mpaired
o Poor inish
o Noise
o Lack of secudty
o Lack of
power
,
-
.o
IntmittentoDeration
-.
Jt4)i.l
4.
ggusglsl-
ist each
otrtial
cause f failue whichcanbe assignedo eachdeviation.
o
Incorrectmaterial
o Assemblyelror
o Overheating
-
8/10/2019 FMEA FTA Reliability
27/76
o
Tool damaged
o Partomitted
o Overstfessed
5.
Rq i g
-
onceeach f thecategories
asbeen ompleted ratingcanbe applied.
ach ating
is a subjective
ssessmentf the
degreeo whicheachofthe above
tems anaffect he
part
or
process.
he atings
re isted.The atings
hould e agreed y the eamasa wholeand
appendedo the
orm at he nitialcondition
tage.
The
mportancef the eam
makeup becomes pparent t his stage, ince
nowledge f
warrantyetums n similar
products
or example,
s a keyrequiremento establish ccurrence.
The atings rebased ponwhatcouldhappen nd hereforet is unlikely hat ndividual
enginee$
ould
give
each ategory
he same alue. t is importantherefore
hat
he sameeam
remainsogether.
o
Sglgdq
-
estimatehe severity
f the effectof failure o the customer n
a scale
of
1
-
10.Sevedty
s the actor hat epresentshe se ousnesltf
the ailure o the
customer fter t
halr ccurred.
o
QqqplqlE
-
this s an
ndication f the number f itemsor operations
eededo
complete
he tembeing
analysed,heestimates on a scale f
|
- 5.
o Occurrencethe
estimate f occurence
s
on a base
f I
-
10and s
udged
by the
engineerrom his knowledgehat he fault,a) will occul n the uture ife of the
product
r b) hasalready
ccurred
o
914gjqg-
is an
estimate f the
probability,
hata
defect aused y the ndicated
failurewill leave he
manufacturingreaand each he customer.
ssuminghat
the cause f failure
hashappened,etection
s
an
estimate f the ability of the
quality
system
o
prevent
hipment
nd s made n a scale f 1
-
5,
6. RiskPrioritvNumber R.P.N.)
theRisk
P ority Number s a calculation chieved y
the
multiplication f the
values elected
or
Occurrence,
everity, etection nd
complexity.
SEVERITY OCCURRENCE
DETECTION
COMPLEXITY
=
R.P.N.
Thisvalue an
henbe used o assess
hedesign r
process.
nce hedesign
r
process
asbeen
evaluated
he mprovement
rocess
anbe started.
ctionmustbe aken n thehighR.P.N.
values, ut where n
ndividual aluation
s high, his temshould e considered
n
the
action
list. Theobjective
mustbe o minimise
) theR.P.N alueand i) each
ndividual alue.This
however
mustbe achievedn a
cost-effectivc anner
ith
every
gard or safety.
7.
CorectiveAction conective
ctions
mustbe ogged ndactions. nce heaction
asbeen
taken heF.M.E.A.
hould e re-assessed
nda newR.P.N. alue
produced.
ince
heaim s
Continuous
mprovement'inhe
whole
product
ange, .M.E.Al should e
continuouslye-
assessed,
o achieve s ow an
R.P.N. alueas
possible.
bviously
dorities
mustbe established
with safety ndcosteffectivenesseing oremost onsideration.
-
8/10/2019 FMEA FTA Reliability
28/76
An F.M.E.A.
hould etermine hatcould:
o Prevent hc part from operating
o Cause
he
part
to be unacccptable )
the Customer
o Reduce he
parts
ite
o Endanger hc
cnd applicatlonor user
Corrective
Actions
Thc F.M.E.A. will identily thc
need orl
o More testing o pfove designadequacy
o
Dimensionuleviews
o Moredcsign
work o eliminate hazard
o Designwofk
to improvehe 'unctioningf thc
product
o
Highlight heneed br
spccial arcwherca risk hasbeen dentified nd here s no
immediatenswcr
o Specialiscd
raining
o
Thc nccd or a further
eviewol manufactufingapacity
ScrEiE
Eaik
Efilcl on cndusEr
f.ilu| rat
D.t.clion
dect
Rrnk c,ilirie
rs|dring
1.
very
ow sava,ily,lslomor
,\ou
probqhly
ho unlbla lo Cdacl hull
2.
3
4.
5.
E.
cqusngsome
lvlodorale
oveity,hiqhdi
oi cudofi er dissalblbclin
7. Fiqhsererily,a ufaoi
6. sub+t{|em,norconpliance
vth slsl ulory regUations
9. Vcryhlgh
Bveiiy,
otential
1 , sqt |y'6ldl.d
okleh
,x
Femole
po$blrYor
lOrt
the 1r qfoocordng.
LowFossibillv
-
d..iqn
ol
praclgs
inilaf o existing
iypc
v{h owirilure
ate
ld odcrrto
possibilily
-
des
gn
of
proccss
milarloe)dding
1fl0r
lypeMilh ccEionalcllu$
L
2.
3,
5.
6.
7. l-ligh
G.tbiliiy-
dolgo"or
:
L
procss
im
lar
o hos.lhal ha
''
caus
pfoblem
in he
pasl
L Veryhigh
assibllity
-
1,10
10. almod
ceilainlal lEilwe 'ill
RendB itelihoodhal
,.da' 4
$lll r.ch
Low kalihood
hal dclact lLl
lifrllffll?llffl
3
,
2.
5.
i t rNunbe'(RFl ' l )
i
10
30
50
lnn'
2+
3 11
+31
1.4 1
_l
-
8/10/2019 FMEA FTA Reliability
29/76
FMECA (Failure Modes and Effects Cridcality Anslysis).
Definitionof FMECA:
The study of
the
potential
ailures hat might occur n any
part
of a system o determine he
probable
effect ofeach on all the other
parts
of thc systemand on
probable
operational uccess,'
the esults f whicharo
ankedn orderofseriousness.l
BS
477817.8).
Theobvious
method fdisplaying his s to do exactly s t says,.e,
put
hem n order, hemost
sedous t he op
Anothermethod s to
plot
a
graph
of
RPN againstCdticality of Hazarde.g.
t t tv v
Conclusion
Today,
manycompanies rc inding that an
FMEA is
a contractual
Equircmetrt,
.g, a
procedural
document tating:
l.
What components/sub-assemblievassemblievFoductshould be analysed,using
FMEA?
2. Who should
perfom
it?
(Status
evel
-
perhaps
SeniorDesigner).
3.
Method of results
presentation.
4, What corective action
hasbeen
performed?
Obviouslydesignconfidentiality
will have o be espected, nd n somecases dy a limited
amountof information would be ssued o theprospective ustomer.
-
8/10/2019 FMEA FTA Reliability
30/76
Tailoring of FMEA StandardPresentation
As previously tated, standardorm ofprcsentations used heso ays o show he results f the
analysis. owever, iffcrcnt
ndustries ould
perhaps
ncludemorc nformation. or example,
Reliability.
Definitionof Rcliability:
The
probability
hata componcnt,ystem
r
prodLrct
ill
pedorm
without ailure or a specified
period
of TME, undcrspecified
perating onditions.'
In
yourpartjculafndustry,
ou
couldconsiderncluding omenfbrmation n he eliabilityof
the
pa|t
n
question
n heFMEA form.
Typical nfofmation, hichcouldbe airly confidential,
could eMTBF Mean imeBetwccn ailures)r FPMH FailureserMill ionHours) fthe
part.
TheRPNobtaincd
rom heFMEA,
even
hough henumbers resubiective),oesbeara
passing
escmblancc
o he eliabilityf the
part
TangibleBenelits
o Sollware
rograms
fc availableor FMEAS, whichwill reducehe
(ime
aken o
perform
hcanalysis,
elativeo hand alculations.
o
The
procedure
f
perlbrming
an
FMEA
could opena
prcviously
undiscovercd
window o allowa
new
perspective
o beobtained n
product
afety.
3
sunrn:mnrmrrr'u-t'
-
- -
0Model)ar&hide(+-
- - -
- -
othf iu | - - - -
- - - - - - .@
soh.dur.dt.-
- - - - -
- - -
la
[7 f iO O
Suphrjsorn./siqnmr.r
-.
.
FMEAdn.(oddnn)r-
- - - --
G
0
@
@
@
trb
3
I
- .@,
@
':ft\\\s'"
3i&\
I
a. t
XX
*rt
x.i
-
8/10/2019 FMEA FTA Reliability
31/76
POTENTIAL FAILURE MODES AND EFFECTSANALYSIS RANKING TABLE
SEVERITY
Rank Effect on enduser
OCCI]RRENCE
Rank Criteria
Possible
Failure Ratc
DETECTION
Rank
Criteria
Possibility of defect
reaching customer
Very ow
severity,
ustomer ould
probably
be
unable o detect ault.
I-ow severity,minor aultcausing ome
customer nnoyirnce
Moderateseverity,high degreeof customer
dissatisfaction
High severity,
ailure
of
sub-system,
non-compliance ith statutory egulafions
Very high severity,
potential
safety
related
problem
2
3
4
5
o
'1
8
9
10
Remote
possibility
of the
failure occurring
I-owpossibility- designor process
similar to existing j /pe with low
failure rate
Moderate
ossibility designor
process
imilar to e)dsting l.pe
with occasional ailues
Highpossibility design r
process
similar to those hat havecaused
problems
n the
past
Very high
possibility
-
almost
certainhat ailure
will
occur
l/ 100000
l/1000
IIIO
5
6
7
8
2
3
9
lo
Remote ikelihood that defect
will
rcach
ustomer
I-ow likelihood that defectwill
rcach ustomer
Modrale
ikelihood that defectwill
reachcustomer
High likelihood that defectwill
reachcustomer
Very high likelihood that defect
will rcachcustomer
0- lV o
lffiVo
COMPLEXITY
Rank Numberof components
l 1-3
2 4-tO
3 lr 30
4 31 -50
5 5l
-
10 0
Risk Priority Number
RPI$
=
Severityx Occurrence Detection
x
Complexity
PRODUCTFAILURE
FOR REASONS
STATED
IS NEITHER ADMITIED NOR MPLIED
-
8/10/2019 FMEA FTA Reliability
32/76
Fault TreeAnalysis FTA)
This echnique asbeen
used y theNationalAeronauticsndSpace dministration
NASA)
n
theirspace
rogrammes
ndhasalsobeen sd
n
the
Nuclearndustry. TA is used xtensively
in the
ield of reliability, afety,.and k analysis.
t is
a
convenient ethod f representinghe
logicalconnectionetweenhe
ailuremodes f a system. he op ofthe tree, he op event, an
be evaluated
ualitatively
nd
quantitatively
failure
atedatawouldbe
requiredor this
altemative),
ith theaid ofa computer
rogram.
FtA is defined
s
"The
studyof the
possible
equencesf events
onstitutinghe ailurcof a
$y$temsing hediagrammaticethod falgorithms."BS4778 17.9.)
The ilst step s to define he
systemhat s to be analysed,o
prevent
he ree
rom
becoming
oo
complex. treecan
only analyse neeventandso a
numbermay
be
neededor one
product.
system
anbedivided nto ts operation
hases
n order hateach anbe analysedeparately.g.
$tart-up,
un,shut-down. henextstep
s theselection f the op event,which s theundesirable
event, .g. ire, explosion, r
failureof a system, ub-systemr assembly.he ree hendevelops
by the dentification f the
ogicalcombination f the ailulemodeshatwould
esult n the
occuffencef th9 op
event.
Themodes f failurecanhavea
variety fcauses, uchas hebreakdown f an ndividual
component,perator rror, he
ailureof a test
procedure
r a maintenance
rogram.
he ailure
modes recombinedn a number f wayswhicharecalledgates'.
U
An e,,rii,usrclly
a fault, .s.tlting
lron iha co,nbln.tlonl morebasc
E rd c cohpnlnl lbult v'hich can
bBesigmd e
p|obabillly
t
ocoirlen ce bascd
on tlst llsuts
of
phlsica
ol hilulEana
ysis
A teult ol
d8\lopBdtuftfErs
lo itscaus$
bac $ollact( ol
Inlof|natiorl,lrha,r \,|luc n
A cond[ion.l .v6nt
-
on vtr'ich
h ustoacurn oilar oran nput
bull
(cause)
o Esult
in an oupr.tl
iault
(Etrbc't)
An .wnl o&61.d to occuf
AND
Ertl -
itu odpnt s\nt ocorrs
o d
y
$hcn all h. Input vlnts .16
OF
gate
-ihe
outpulavenl
ocdrls
v*rcn
on6
or nol oll lE Inpute\nts
Reler.ne k ey o .noth6r
Pot
o lh ELuli ilr v'Irfa lha idantiaal
saqu8nccol Bvents s shov'n
A
0
A
A
Some asic
FaultTreesymbols.
Havingcompletedhe ree, he
analyst ill thenevaluatet to discover
hatspecific ctions
required nd hen,
obviously,make he appropriate
ecommendations.
-
8/10/2019 FMEA FTA Reliability
33/76
-
8/10/2019 FMEA FTA Reliability
34/76
-
8/10/2019 FMEA FTA Reliability
35/76
of separatedentical ystems
r meanso separateutomatically,single ydraulic ircuit n
order o isolate fault n
pressurea
s.
Thesimple aultheeanalysis,
n Figure , ofthe type
of
steering ear
used
n
the
Arro.o
Cddit
showshe
oute
o
failure n a
qualitative
anner irect hrough heOR
gates.
igure shows
fault
reeanalysis
fa conventionalour-ram teering
ear
with six failuremodeseading
throughheOR
gates.
igure6 shows
fault
reeanalysis f thesame)?e of steering-gecr
designedn accordanceith the
new egulations,nd ittedwith separatend ndependent
ower
actuating ystems, nd
shows he ailuremodeshroughheOR
gates
educedo two.
The eliult fthe
grounding
f theAmocoCadiuwasa series lcomplex nternationalaw suits
whichwereconsolidatednto a single ourt
action. udge rankMccarr
of the
Eastern ivision
of theNorthemCircuit,Courtof
lllinois ssued I I l-page
opinion.He$aid, nteralia,thdl
Amocowasentitled o damagesgainst stilleros,heSpanish hipyard hichbuilt heA,roco
Cudi{, o theextent
hat ts own iabilitywascont buted o by thenegligencend aultof the
shipbuilderl
Thejudge oncluded
hatAmoco nternational il Company
AIOC),
heoperator, egligently
performed
ts
duty
o ensurehat heAmocoCodiz n
general
nd ts steering
ear
n
particular
were
Jeaworthy.
dequotely ainlrined nd
n
proper
epair,
He noted hatAIOC hegligently
erformed
ts duty o ensurehat he clevt
of
theAmoco
Cadiz.
was
properly
rained', nd ailed n its duty o ensurehat hedesign ndconstructionfthe
Amoco
Cadiz
was
broperly
arried ut
so
as
o result n
a seaworthy
gssel'. e
said
AIOC was
negligentn operatingheAmocoCadizwithouta redundantteering ystem, r anyothermeans
ofcontrolling he udder,
n theevent fthe completeailureofthe hydraulic teering ystem.
In anivingat
hisdecision udgeMccarr outlined hehistoryandopelatlorLf theAmocoCadiz,
Thesendicatedhere
were
problems
ith its steering
ear
rom hestart,whichwercnot
adequatelyomprehended
r repaired.n addition heOil Company id not ollow he
maintenancenstructionsor the
steering
ar,
which
ultimately
ausedhe
disaster.
JudgeMccarr listed
everal
reas
hercAIOC thiled o maintain
hesteering
ear
f
theAmrc.)
Cadiz
properly.The
ompany
id not act o ensurehat he ilterson he steering
ear
were
clea[edaccording
o the nstructionmanual;t did not act o ensurehat heoil in thesteering-
gearwaschanged;t did not alrangeo have amples f thehydraulicluid analysed;t did not
requirehe
ship'.steering-gearystemo be
purged
o remove ir.
In
addition
e aulted hecompanyor accepting
he ship rom
heSpanish
hipyard
ith
acknowledgedetbctsn its
steering
ear.
n
pafiicular
heshipwasdelivered ith cast-iron
steedng-gearambushings.
t anangedo havebronze ushingsnstalled n ts own vessels nd
placed
dditional
ushings n board heArrocoCadiz. hescwerenot nstalled.
Thejudgenoted hatAmocoCadiz's
teerj,ng
ear
n the ast ourmonths fits life was osing7
to 12litresofhydraulic
luid a day.Thiswas
greatly
n excess f whatwouldoccurwith a
properlymaintainedystem'. he eport aid,This excessiveonsumption asknown o AIOC
which n theexercise f ordinary kill and
prudence,
hould ave ecognisedt
assymptomatic
of aprogressiveegradationfthe system'seliability.'
-
8/10/2019 FMEA FTA Reliability
36/76
With both
steedng
gearpumps
securedho
Amoco
Cadiz and
ur sister-ships xperienced s
much as 15 degrees f ruddermovementwh.ile n
port.
This fact was well known amongAIOC
engineers nd should
have signalleda seriousmalfunctionof the two-sidcd
estrain
system
of the
Amoco Cadiz slering
mechanism,'The nexplained
uddermovement
of
theAmoco
Ca.diz
was
not
propedy
nvestigatedand was not corrected.
AIOC failed
to
insfuct the Amoco Cadizcrew
in
emergency
teering-gear rills and
procedures
o b followed in the eventof a steering-gear
breakdown,
Comrnunlcrtlon-,
SimpleFault
TreeAnalysis howinghe oute o failureof an
Amoco
Cadiz
'?es steering
ea
{-'-,\
Lorr ol sl..ilg
.loct hllc
Sic6 nq
-
8/10/2019 FMEA FTA Reliability
37/76
-
8/10/2019 FMEA FTA Reliability
38/76
nodop ot nd n mgrr
The igureshows completeault rr analysis f a baringwith thundsirableop event
batatrophicbealing ailur'
-
8/10/2019 FMEA FTA Reliability
39/76
ET3008Collaborative
esign
;1
^
rl"u h-^
' lou'
ProJ'^' ' t
1=,1-'^1
t-o
lh
v\ou
-5
/
J
J
,..,
J
ia c,t.\e: (.Reliabititv vo_er
'
( t i '
-
8/10/2019 FMEA FTA Reliability
40/76
ET3008Collaborative
esign
1.0
200
300
Timen hou6d nc e$ sla,le
Noticehow heReliability
rogressively
blls,
ellingus
whatwe
already
now,
hat he
onger
we expect nythingo
last,
he
more ikely t is to fail duing that ime.
Failure Rate
Supposehatat he
nstantwhen
=
200hours,we areable o determinehat he
parts
are
ailing
at 3
per
hour.Since 00 arestill
working,we couldexpresshe uteat which heyare ailingas
follows:
0e
nSa aneous
Nl|nb6rhilinEp.rour in.bnli
]Tur]r-EeTT'flSliiqa-liFTffi 'r
.0005per
our
This nstantaneous
ailure ate s
given
hesymbol , Thereforehe nstantaneousailure
ate
at
the nstant
is writtenz(t).Thismay,at
irst sight, eem ather
onfusing
o express n
"instantaneous"
ailure ate n number
f failures
er
HOUR.This s necessaryecausen an
infinitelysmallamount f time
.e.an nstant,here sjust no imeavailableof anythingo
happen
we
can
now define he Failure
Rate
as he
probability
f failure n unit timeof an tem,which s
still workingsatisfactorily.y "stillworkingsatisfactorily, e mean hatwe shallNOT count
failures
whichhaveoccurred efore he
nstant
f
time n whichwe are nterested.his s why n
our
calculation
hedenominator
s 600,NOT 1000, ecause e did not count he400which
failed
pdor
o the nstant
when he ime
=
200hours.We canshowhow heFailureRate aries
with Timeon a
graph
.g.
-6tT
ModuleLeader:G Oakes
-
8/10/2019 FMEA FTA Reliability
41/76
ET3008Collaborative
Design
Usatuv\oi(lnqltb
Edly
polord
O-A/
A-B)b-e
Cr.^.
R(t)
-
"' '
whcr.r
R(t)
l
no.- ,.----
B
A"d"
w".t|.
l.\@i
-
R^1a,{^?
ey-\ut1-r --'26
Thnen EulE na8Bdde Ed
Typicalbath-tub
urveofFailureRateagainst ime
It is
often
hecase hat he nstantaneousailureRat s constalt ,e. ine s horizontal,
arallel
o
X-axisiz(t) s usually hen
g.iven
he symbol
ambda.Mathematically,
t canbe shown hat or a
constantailure ate .e. holizontaline
n
bath-tub
urve.
RrLirbilityal iror t.
Constrnt ailure
atc.
Exomple:
A device asa constantailure ateof
I
every
10000 ours,
approximalely year).
What
s its
Reliability n anoperating
riod
of
1000 ours?
Solution:
Therefore,
Constantailure ate=
f : -J--rxro.
10000
'" ' "
R(')
' ' - 'r
)t
t
' R0OO0) t-rrrc{xroo
R(1OOO)
-
3-or
.
R0000)
-
0.9048
If therc were 2000 tems n a test,how many ailures would be expectedn 1000hours?
Module Irader: G Oakes
-
8/10/2019 FMEA FTA Reliability
42/76
ET3008CollaborativeDesign
Numbersuryiving the est
Number of failuEs
= Reliability number n est
=
0.9 x 2000
=.tr*
=
number t start number urviving
=
2000
1800
= 200
Notc: hc cciprocalf I iscell.d hrMEANTIMEBETWXENAILURES
dTBF)
SYSTEMReltrb
lty for more hanotr omponnt.
SERIES ellabtltty
Overall
eliability 0.9x 0.9
=
0.81
.c.
kss than ither.
Generally, verallReliability
=
RAx RBx Rc x RD RE ..,..etc,
PARALLEL Retablllty
Overall
Reliability
=1-(1-Rr( l -RB)
=l-( l -0.9)(1
-
0.9)
Module ader: G Oakes
-
8/10/2019 FMEA FTA Reliability
43/76
ET3008Collaborative esign
=1-(0.rx0.1)
= 0.99 .e.GREATER haneither.
Generally, verallReliability
=
I
-
( l
-
ReXl
-
RsXl Rc) ...etc.
Rellability acceptance ests
Therearc wo main ypes f
Reliability ests:
In theory, ests
reanalogouso sampling
nspection
fincomingbatches f
material.
1, Takearandom ample.
2. Test or a
pre-set
imeunder
a
given
setof conditions.
3.
Batchor samplewill be accepted
f
at
the
endof the
pra-set
ime, he
number
f
failures
observed oes ot exceedhe
numbar llowed
y the
sampling
lan.
Nota:Testmaybe stoppedf thenumber
f failures xceedshe
pre-set
imit
before
he allocated
timehaselapsed.
Acceptance
cstsarcconcemed ith demonstratinghat he
Reliability
fthe
items s
satisfactory
for some
urpose.
n
general
heydo
not
provide
noughnformationo
give
anyadequate
estimate f theactualReliability r MTBF,becausehe est imesarcusually oo short.
n^
Refiabilitymegsuremenb:
tS
lhe
.^1t .
\
\6.
hct-et-y'
4'd.lb"cz
"l
N 5q6@,
a-.J
ts
olten.
a,kft,,e4
+6
thz
-41fu1
.We
o+
tk"
&,,.