VIETNAM: Integrated farming in aquacultureDr Dang Thi Lua and Dr. Nguyen Thi Lan Huong

danglua@ria1.org ; lanhuong.dah@gmail.com

FMM/RAS/298: Strengthening capacities, policies and national action plans on prudent and responsible use of antimicrobials in fisheries Workshop 2

in cooperation with Malaysia Department of Fisheries and INFOFISH7-9 August 2017, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

PRESENTATION OUTLINE1. Integrated VAC farming

(Vuon (Garden) – Ao (Pond/Aquaculture) – Chuong (Livestock/Animal pens)) 2. Integrated Fish – Livestock farming3. Integrated Fish – Rice farming4. Integrated Shrimp/Prawn – Rice farming 5. Integrated Shrimp – Mangrove farming6. Integrated Shrimp – Tilapia farming And some other integrated as: shrimp-crab, shrimp-crab-rice…

1. Integrated VAC farming (1)- VAC farming is a traditional household-based integrated farming system with a very long history in Vietnam.- VAC system can produce fruits, vegetables, animals (pig/chicken/duck) and fish on the same farm.

(V) Vegetable/Garden(C) Livestock

(A) Aquaculture

Foods

1. Integrated VAC farming (2)- No statistic data for integrated VAC farming system. - At the beginning, VAC farming was developed in order to help people survive from starvation and to reduce poverty. - Then later, VAC has been considered to be ecologically desirable, since it utilizes food resources and wastes within the farm, thus leading to sustainable land use in comparison with monoculture systems.

1. Integrated VAC farming (3)- Some disadvantages of VAC farming system:

+ May produce unsafe products. Pesticides used for cultivation activities may remain in crop products, lands and then impact to animals and aquaculture species.

+ Animal wastes (manure, urine, surplus feed) containing antimicrobial residues and resistant bacteria will discharge directly into fish ponds. Also, antimicrobial residues and resistant bacteria from fish ponds may be transferred to animals through water.

+ Cross-contamination in the integrated VAC system may increase levels of bacterial AMR. Such antimicrobial resistance may impact to human health via the food chain.

2. Integrated Fish – Livestock farming- Livestock are mainly ducks, chicken and pigs.- Fish are mainly traditional fish (Poly-culture carps), tilapia.- Integrated fish-livestock farming is mainly located in countryside throughout the country, because:+ It utilize available area;+ It utilize animal manure, urine, surplus feed for fish aquaculture.- However, the development of AMR in integrated animal-fish farming as the same as in the integrated VAC system.

3. Integrated Rice cum fish farming- Integrated rice cum fish farming is also located in countryside, specially it well suited to the area of floodplain.- A farm typically has an irrigation channel (with the depth of about 1.5-2 meters) surrounding the paddy in which fish are cultured. When water level is increased to fill the paddy, the fish enter the paddy. - Fish cultured in this system are mainly traditional carps, tilapia.

4. Integrated Rice cum shrimp/prawn farming (1)- Integrated rice cum shrimp/prawn farming has been become more popular recently, specially in Mekong Delta. - This system has been considered as a potential model to deal with the impacts of climate change (Drought, seawater intrusion and rising, polluted environment…).- According to DFISH, potential areas for rice-shirmp/prawn in Mekong Delta are about 250.000 ha. There was 160.000 ha for rice-shrimp/prawn system in 2015, production of shrimp is about 300-500 kg/ha.

4. Integrated Rice cum shrimp/prawn farming (2)- Rice – shrimp/prawn farming system usually applied as follows:

+ 1 crop of shrimp – 1 crop of rice cultivation;+ 1 crop of shrimp – 1 crop of integrated rice and prawn.

- Shrimp cultured are mainly Black Tiger shrimp (Penaues monodon).- Prawn cultured are Giant freshwater prawn (Macrobrachium rosenbergii).

4. Integrated Rice cum shrimp/prawn farming (3)

- Main disadvantages of integrated fish/shrimp – rice farming:Pesticide residues from rice cultivation activities may get into the aquaculture products, giving negative impacts on aquatic animal health as well as human health.

5. Integrated shrimp – mangrove farming (1)- Integrated shrimp-mangrove farming is well suited to the coastal provinces, such as Ca Mau province which has more than 56.000 ha of mangrove forest.- Recently, we have a MAM (Mangroves and Markets) project sponsored by IUCN (International Union for Conservation of nature) and SNV (Netherlands Development Organization) working on integrated shrimp-mangrove system.- The main objective of MAM project is to restore mangrove forest and promote organic shrimp (Naturland certification).

5. Integrated shrimp – mangrove farming (2)- Under MAM project: shrimp-mangrove farming requires at least 50% mangrove covered on shrimp farms.- In 2015, about 15.000 ha of shrimp-mangrove farming, belonging to 3.000 households were established in Ca Mau province.- This farming system will be expanded to other coastal provinces, such as Ben Tre and Tra Vinh.- Shrimp cultured in this system are mainly P. monodon.

5. Integrated shrimp – mangrove farming (3)- Integrated shrimp-mangrove farming has some advantages:

+ A form of ecosystem-based adaptation in which mangrove ecosystem contributes to climate change mitigation.

+ Mangrove ecosystem provide a natural habitant for shrimp, resulting in reducing disease and requiring no feed, no chemicals or antibiotics.

+ Produce organic shrimp with better prices.

6. Integrated shrimp – tilapia farming (1)

- Integrated shrimp - tilapia farming has been applied recently, because it presents some advantages:

+ Improve water quality, leading to Preventing/minimizing shrimp diseases, specially AHPND.

+ Reduce environmental pollution.+ Reduce the cost for environmental management and disease

treatment.

6. Integrated shrimp – tilapia farming (2)- There are 04 kinds of integrated shrimp - tilapia farming in Vietnam:

1) Culture directly tilapia in shrimp ponds: tilapia stocking density 1 fish/m2, shrimp stocking density 20-40 shrimp/m2.

2) Culture tilapia in cages/nets located in shrimp ponds: tilapia stocking density 10 fish/m3 cages. The area of cage/net is about 2 % of shrimp pond area.

6. Integrated shrimp – tilapia farming (3)- There are 04 kinds of integrated shrimp - tilapia farming in Vietnam:

3) Culture tilapia in ponds/tanks that will supply water for shrimp ponds: tilapia stocking density 4-5 fish/m2, no feeding for tilapia.

4) Shrimp farming is rotational with tilapia.

Thank you for your attention!