fmo es for mfis partb field guide
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Socialand EnvironmentalField Guide
for Micro Finance Institutions
Working with Clients on the Social and Environmental Aspects of Microfinance
PART B: FIELD GUIDE
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Sector factsheets
Sector Factsheets are available for all 24 sectors mentioned in the previous section. Incase factsheets are missing or sectors that are important a particular MFI they need tobe developed. Other factsheets can serve as the basis here. In case the factsheets donot include factors that are important for the business of a particular MFI, modificationsneed to be made.
In this Field guide, factsheets are included for the following activities / sectors:
A1 Crop growing A2 Animal Husbandry A3 Fishery S1 Shop/Retail/Market S2 Restaurant/Tea Stall S3 Tourism
S4 Healthcare S5 Transportation S6 Wholesale Trade P1 Handicrafts P2 Leather Tanning P3 Brick/Tile P4 Metalworking / Electroplating P5 Painting & printing
P6 Auto/Motor repair P7 Wood/metal Processing P8 Charcoal production P9 Garments production P10 Textile Dying P11 Ceramics,Pottery,Glazing P12 Glass manufacturing P13 Mining P14 Forestry
P15 Food processing
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In the overview below, the content and lay-out of the factsheets is being explained.
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'' indicates when a risk is
possible, but not probable,
'x' indicates when in a sectorthere is a relevant risk
possibility Environment
HealthandSafety
Labour
Cropgrowing
Animalhusbandry
Fishery
Shop/Retail/Market
Stall
Restaurant/TeaStall
Tourism
Healthcare
Transportation
WholesaleTrade
Handicrafts
Leathertanning
Brick/tilemanufacturing
Metalworking&
Electroplating
Painting&Printing
Auto/Motorrepair
Wood/metalProcessing&
Finishing
CharcoalProduction
Garmentsproduction
Textiledying
Ceramics,Pottery,
Glazing
GlassManufacturing
Mining
Forestry
FoodProcessing
.. when the Client is A1 A2 A3 S1 S2 S3 S4 S5 S6 P1 P2 P3 P4 P5 P6 P7 P8 P9 P10 P11 P12 P13 P14 P15
using (a) machine(s)[E] [H&S]
x x x x x x x x x using
chemicals/paint/solvents/lubricants/pesticides/fertilizers [H&S]
x x x x x x x x x
employing children[L]
x x x x x x x x x x x
working in bad conditions[H&S] [L] x x x x x x x x x x x x x
disposing of organic /production / chemical waste [E] [H&S]
x x x x x x x x x
causing emissions to air[E] [H&S]
x x x x x
polluting water[E] [H&S]
x x x x x x x x
processing food[H&S]
x x x
clearing forest for land
cultivation [E]x x x x
extracting clay or minerals[E]
x x x
catching fish[E]
x
keeping animals[H&S]
x
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A2 Agriculture Animal Husbandry
O B S E R V EO B S E R V EO B S E R V EO B S E R V EThe Client is AAAA NNNN AAAA LLLL YYYY SSSS EEEEThere is a risk if D I S C U S SD I S C U S SD I S C U S SD I S C U S SWhat is important S U G G E S TS U G G E S TS U G G E S TS U G G E S TSuggest the client to
Background, relevant legislation, minimal requirements Solutions, tips, further information
- ILO Conventions 138 and 182- No waste(water)disposal without permit- Dont install diesel generator sets without approval certificate- Have MSDS available when working with chemicals
- Farmers should use pesticides that are permitted.- Farmers should consider to carry out integrated pest management (biological physical chemical)- Fix leaks promptly Dripping joints can waste over 76 liters of water a day- In case there is no waste disposal facility: Contact (alone or in collaboration with other entrepreneurs) local
council and ask for improved public service
keeping animals [H&S] Animals are kept near eating / sleeping Animals can spread diseases Keep animals in a separate area
clearing forest for landcultivation
[E] Forest is managed unsustainable (illegaland/or without reforestation plan)
Deforestation, if not performed carefully andin a sustainable way causes land erosionand degradation, and eventually mud
streams and water floods
Agree only on permitted and sustainable forms ofuse of pristine land
employing children [L] Children are being employed Children should receive education, propernutrition and health care. They should beprotected from abuse and discrimination,able to play and enjoy their childhood
Have children help with light duties only Only outside school hours and pupils must have
time and designated place to do homework Children do not operate hazardous machines
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A3 Agriculture - Fishery
O B S E R V EO B S E R V EO B S E R V EO B S E R V EThe Client is AAAA NNNN AAAA LLLL YYYY SSSS EEEEThere is a risk if D I S C U S SD I S C U S SD I S C U S SD I S C U S SWhat is important S U G G E S TS U G G E S TS U G G E S TS U G G E S TSuggest the client to
Background, relevant legislation, minimal requirements Solutions, tips, further information
- ILO Conventions 138 and 182- No waste(water)disposal without permit- Have MSDS available when working with chemicals
- Use only pesticides that are permitted.- Consider to carry out integrated pest management (biological physical chemical)
catching fish [E] illegal fishing methods are being practiced Fishing with explosives, chemicals and/orillegal methods leads to useless killing ofextra (small) fish and other marine flora andfauna
Imported species can harm the regionalecosystem (e.g. predators, pests)
Support sustainable forms of fishery Only use nets and fishing methods that keep small
fish and extra catch alive and healthy Use species of origin, or keep foreign species
strictly separate Observe fishery regulations, such as closed
seasons Report any changes in fish stocks and marine
habitat to authorities employing children [L] Children are being employed Children should receive education, proper
nutrition and health care. They should beprotected from abuse and discrimination,able to play and enjoy their childhood
Have children help with light duties only Only outside school hours and pupils must have
time and designated place to do homework Children do not operate hazardous machines
using chemicals/pesticides/explosifs
[H&S] No protective equipment andsafeguards are available to workers (masks,goggles, gloves, overalls)[H&S] No material safety data sheets (orother safety leaflets) are available
Preventing contact with acids, pigments,solvents diminishes skin irritation, chroniclung disease
Material Safety Data Sheets keep youinformed about use and safety aspects ofchemicals
Do not over-use chemicals Make protective equipment and safeguards
available to workers (masks, goggles, gloves,overalls)
Have material safety data sheets available Establish contingency plans for accidents Have fire fighting equipmentand first aid kit
available
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S1 Service Shop / Retail / Market Stall
OOOO B S E R V EB S E R V EB S E R V EB S E R V EThe Client is AAAA NNNN AAAA LLLL YYYY SSSS EEEEThere is a risk if D I S C U S SD I S C U S SD I S C U S SD I S C U S SWhat is important S U G G E S TS U G G E S TS U G G E S TS U G G E S TSuggest the client to
Background, relevant legislation, minimal requirements Solutions, tips, further information
- ILO Conventions 138 and 182- No waste(water)disposal without permit- Dont install diesel generator sets without approval certificate- Have MSDS available when working with chemicals
- Fix leaks promptly Dripping joints can waste over 76 liters of water a day- In case there is no waste disposal facility: Contact (alone or in collaboration with other entrepeneurs) local
council and ask for improved public service
employing children [L] Children are being employed Children should receive education, propernutrition and health care. They should beprotected from abuse and discrimination,able to play and enjoy their childhood
Have children help with light duties only Only outside school hours and pupils must have
time and designated place to do homework Children do not operate hazardous machines
processing food [H&S] perishable ingredients (especiallymeat, poultry and fish) are not kept fresh andcool[H&S] basic hygienic practices are not
enforced (washing hands, clean tools, cleanwater)
A clean workspace prevents from diseasesand germs
Clean, uncontaminated food is healthy andprevents serious illness and is thus
protecting your clients (= business)
Keep the working area clean Wash hands and tools at all times Use clean water only Have first aid kit available
disposing of organic /production / chemical waste
[E] [H&S] Waste is lying around and/or notproperly disposed of
Proper disposal of waste prevents attractionof pests, vermin, rodents or parasites andintoxication of soil and water
Organic waste can be re-used as fertilizer oranimal fodder
Dispose via community service in stead of burning Have dustbins available; waste lying around
attracts even more waste Sell waste/scrap to recycling companies
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S2 Service Restaurant / Tea Stall
O B S E R V EO B S E R V EO B S E R V EO B S E R V EThe Client is AAAA NNNN AAAA LLLL YYYY SSSS EEEEThere is a risk if D I S C UD I S C UD I S C UD I S C U S SS SS SS SWhat is important S U G G E S TS U G G E S TS U G G E S TS U G G E S TSuggest the client to
Background, relevant legislation, minimal requirements Solutions, tips, further information
- ILO Conventions 138 and 182- No waste(water)disposal without permit- Dont install diesel generator sets without approval certificate- Have MSDS available when working with chemicals
- Fix leaks promptly Dripping joints can waste over 76 liters of water a day- In case there is no waste disposal facility: Contact (alone or in collaboration with other entrepreneurs) local
council and ask for improved public service
employing children [L] Children are being employed Children should receive education, propernutrition and health care. They should beprotected from abuse and discrimination,able to play and enjoy their childhood
Have children help with light duties only Only outside school hours and pupils must have
time and designated place to do homework Children do not operate hazardous machines
processing food [H&S] perishable ingredients (especiallymeat, poultry and fish) are not kept fresh andcool[H&S] basic hygienic practices are notenforced (washing hands, clean tools, clean
water)
A clean workspace prevents from diseasesand germs
Clean, uncontaminated food is healthy andprevents serious illness and is thusprotecting your clients (= business)
Keep the working area clean Wash hands and tools at all times Use clean water only Have first aid kit available
disposing of organic /production / chemical waste
[E] [H&S] Waste is lying around and/or notproperly disposed of
Proper disposal of waste prevents attractionof pests, vermin, rodents or parasites andintoxication of soil and water
Organic waste can be re-used as fertilizer oranimal fodder
Dispose via community service in stead of burning Have dustbins available; waste lying around
attracts even more waste Sell waste/scrap to recycling companies
Back to top
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S3 Service - Tourism
O B S E R V EO B S E R V EO B S E R V EO B S E R V EThe Client is AAAA NNNN AAAA LLLL YYYY SSSS EEEEThere is a risk if D I S C U S SD I S C U S SD I S C U S SD I S C U S SWhat is important S U G G E S TS U G G E S TS U G G E S TS U G G E S TSuggest the client to
Background, relevant legislation, minimal requirements Solutions, tips, further information
- ILO Conventions 138 and 182- No waste(water)disposal without permit- Dont install diesel generator sets without approval certificate
- In case there is no waste disposal facility: Contact (alone or in collaboration with other entrepreneurs) localcouncil and ask for improved public service
employing children [L] Children are being employed Children should receive education, propernutrition and health care. They should beprotected from abuse and discrimination,able to play and enjoy their childhood
Have children help with light duties only Only outside school hours and pupils must have
time and designated place to do homework Children do not operate hazardous machines
working in badconditions
[L] There are no clear agreements withemployees: they cannot claim their rights[L] There is an unsafe working environmentpotentially leading to stress (aggression,discrimination, sexual violence)
Clear agreements with employees shouldbe in place, protecting their rights
Working in a unsafe environment (noaggression, discrimination, (sexual)violence) prevents from stress
Vulnerable groups (children/women) do not work indangerous areas
Establish contingency plans for accidents
Back to top
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S4 Service - Healthcare
O B S E R V EO B S E R V EO B S E R V EO B S E R V EThe Client is AAAA NNNN AAAA LLLL YYYY SSSS EEEEThere is a risk if D I S C U S SD I S C U S SD I S C U S SD I S C U S SWhat is important S U G G E S TS U G G E S TS U G G E S TS U G G E S TSuggest the client to
Background, relevant legislation, minimal requirements Solutions, tips, further information
- ILO Conventions 138 and 182- No waste(water)disposal without permit- without permit (e.g. Prevention and Control of Pollution Act, 1974)- Dont install diesel generator sets without approval certificate- Have MSDS available when working with chemicals
- Fix leaks promptly Dripping joints can waste over 76 liters of water a day- In case there is no waste disposal facility: Contact (alone or in collaboration with other entrepeneurs) local
council and ask for improved public service
usingchemicals/pharmaceutical
substances
[H&S] No protective equipment andsafeguards are available to workers (masks,goggles, gloves, overalls)[H&S] No material safety data sheets (orother safety leaflets) are available
Preventing contact with acids, pigments,solvents diminishes skin irritation, chroniclung disease
Material Safety Data Sheets keep youinformed about use and safety aspects ofchemicals
Do not over-use chemicals Make protective equipment and safeguards
available to workers (masks, goggles, gloves,overalls)
Have material safety data sheets available Establish contingency plans for accidents Have fire fighting equipment and first aid kit
available
disposing of organic /production / chemical waste
[E] [H&S] Waste is lying around and/or notproperly disposed of
Proper disposal of waste prevents attractionof pests, vermin, rodents or parasites and
intoxication of soil and water
Organic waste can be re-used as fertilizer oranimal fodder
Dispose via community service in stead of burning Have dustbins available; waste lying around
attracts even more waste Sell waste/scrap to recycling companies
Back to top
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S5 Service - Transportation
O B S E R V EO B S E R V EO B S E R V EO B S E R V EThe Client is AAAA NNNN AAAA LLLL YYYY SSSS EEEEThere is a risk if D I S C U S SD I S C U S SD I S C U S SD I S C U S SWhat is important S U G G E S TS U G G E S TS U G G E S TS U G G E S TSuggest the client to
Background, relevant legislation, minimal requirements Solutions, tips, further information
- Dont install diesel generator sets without approval certificate- Drivers should have license and be permitted to drive
- In case there is no waste disposal facility: Contact (alone or in collaboration with other entrepeneurs) localcouncil and ask for improved public service
using (a) machine(s) [H&S] Machines look unsafe, ill maintained,have dangerous parts[H&S] No safeguards are available and/orused when necessary[E] Leakages, disposals, liquid waste orwastewater drains to stream/river/pond/soil
Well maintained machines are safe, notdangerous and cheaper in use
Operating a machine with propersafeguards prevents accidents
Machines can leak oil/lubricants and thatwill spoil drinking water
Malfunctioning Electricity is dangerous andcreate fallout
Position machines on a safe spot and coverdangerous moving parts
Take up maintenance routine, follow strictmaintenance and lubrication practices for themoving parts of equipment
Keep machines in good shape and clean Experience operators only Provide and use safeguards (goggles, gloves,
mask) Re-use scrap / disposals Stop leakages
Stop draining liquid waste Establish contingency plans for accidents Have fire fighting equipment and first aid kit
available
causing emissions to air [E] [H&S] Smoke / exhaust gas is beingproduced and emitted while no filters arebeing used
Using filters and proper chimneys preventsnearby residents from contact withcontaminated gases
Reducing air emissions prevents globalwarming (CO2 emission)
Reduce unnecessary burning Maintain burners and adjust them well Use clean fuel, Use filters, Use chimneys Use closed heating / burning systems Re-use heat (energy)
Back to top
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S6 Service Wholesale Trade
O B S E R V EO B S E R V EO B S E R V EO B S E R V EThe Client is AAAA NNNN AAAA LLLL YYYY SSSS EEEEThere is a risk if D I S C U S SD I S C U S SD I S C U S SD I S C U S SWhat is important SSSS U G G E S TU G G E S TU G G E S TU G G E S TSuggest the client to
Background, relevant legislation, minimal requirements Solutions, tips, further information
- Dont install diesel generator sets without approval certificate- Have MSDS available when working with chemicals- Client should have proper trade licenses
- In case there is no waste disposal facility: Contact (alone or in collaboration with other entrepeneurs) localcouncil and ask for improved public service
disposing of organic /production / chemical waste
[E] [H&S] Waste is lying around and/or notproperly disposed of
Proper disposal of waste prevents attractionof pests, vermin, rodents or parasites andintoxication of soil and water
Organic waste can be re-used as fertilizer oranimal fodder
Dispose via community service in stead of burning Have dustbins available; waste lying around
attracts even more waste Sell waste/scrap to recycling companies
working in badconditions
[H&S] Work takes place in unventilated space[H&S] Workers are exposed to dust, noise,vibration[L] There are no clear agreements withemployees: they cannot claim their rights
Clean air and clear sight working conditionsprevent from chronic illness
Clear agreements with employees shouldbe in place, protecting their rights
Make agreements with workers about acceptableworking hours
Ventilate Provide masks and ear plugs Make use of natural light (in other cases: arrange
proper artificial/electric lighting) Vulnerable groups (children/women) do not work in
dangerous areas Establish contingency plans for accidents Have fire fighting equipment and first aid kit
available
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P8 Production Charcoal production
O B S E R V EO B S E R V EO B S E R V EO B S E R V EThe Client is AAAA NNNN AAAA LLLL YYYY SSSS EEEEThere is a risk if D I S C U S SD I S C U S SD I S C U S SD I S C U S SWhat is important S U G G E S TS U G G E S TS U G G E S TS U G G E S TSuggest the client to
Background, relevant legislation, minimal requirements Solutions, tips, further information
- Dont install diesel generator sets without approval certificate - In case there is no waste disposal facility: Contact (alone or in collaboration with other entrepreneurs) localcouncil and ask for improved public service
clearing forest [E] Forest is managed unsustainable (illegaland/or without reforestation plan)
Deforestation, if not performed carefully andin a sustainable way causes land erosionand degradation, and eventually mudstreams and water floods
Agree only on permitted and sustainable forms ofuse of pristine land
Apply reforestation: plant new trees
causing emissions to air [E] [H&S] Smoke / exhaust gas is beingproduced and emitted while no filters arebeing used
Using filters and proper chimneys preventsnearby residents from contact withcontaminated gases
Reducing air emissions prevents globalwarming (CO2 emission)
Reduce unnecessary burning Maintain burners and adjust them well Use clean fuel, Use filters, Use chimneys Use closed heating / burning systems Re-use heat (energy)
working in badconditions
[H&S] Work takes place in unventilated space[H&S] Workers are exposed to smoke, dust
Clean air working conditions prevent fromchronic illness
Make agreements with workers about acceptableworking hours
Ventilate Provide masks Vulnerable groups (children/women) do not work in
dangerous areas Establish contingency plans for accidents Have fire fighting equipment and first aid kit
available
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P14 Production Forestry
O B S E R V EO B S E R V EO B S E R V EO B S E R V EThe Client is AAAA NNNN AAAA LLLL YYYY SSSS EEEEThere is a risk if D I S C U S SD I S C U S SD I S C U S SD I S C U S SWhat is important S U G G E S TS U G G E S TS U G G E S TS U G G E S TSuggest the client to
Background, relevant legislation, minimal requirements Solutions, tips, further information
- Dont install diesel generator sets without approval certificate - In case there is no waste disposal facility: Contact (alone or in collaboration with other entrepeneurs) localcouncil and ask for improved public service
clearing forest [E] Forest is managed unsustainable (illegaland/or without reforestation plan)
Deforestation, if not performed carefully andin a sustainable way causes land erosionand degradation, and eventually mudstreams and water floods
Agree only on permitted and sustainable forms ofuse of pristine land
Apply reforestation: plant new trees
using (a) machine(s) [H&S] Machines look unsafe, ill maintained,have dangerous parts[H&S] No safeguards are available and/orused when necessary[E] Leakages, disposals, liquid waste or
wastewater drains to stream/river/pond/soil
Well maintained machines are safe, notdangerous and cheaper in use
Operating a machine with propersafeguards prevents accidents
Machines can leak oil/lubricants and that
will spoil drinking water Malfunctioning Electricity is dangerous and
create fallout
Position machines on a safe spot and coverdangerous moving parts
Take up maintenance routine, follow strictmaintenance and lubrication practices for themoving parts of equipment
Keep machines in good shape and clean Experience operators only Provide and use safeguards (goggles, gloves,
mask) Re-use scrap / disposals Stop leakages Stop draining liquid waste Establish contingency plans for accidents Have fire fighting equipment and first aid kit
available
Back to top
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P... Production
O B S E R V EO B S E R V EO B S E R V EO B S E R V EThe Client is AAAA NNNN AAAA LLLL YYYY SSSS EEEEThere is a risk if D I S C U S SD I S C U S SD I S C U S SD I S C U S SWhat is important S U G G E S TS U G G E S TS U G G E S TS U G G E S TSuggest the client to