focus on writing how to identify a good writing the writing process:pre-writing the writing...
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Warm-up Writing-a tool in teaching all language skills Writing- may be a goal in itself. Writing has its practical value and can be used as stimulus in motivating students to learn the languageTRANSCRIPT
Focus on Writing How to Identify a Good Writing
The Writing Process:Pre-Writing The Writing Process:Drafting and
Editing Designing Controlled and Guided
Writing Tasks Designing Free Writing Tasks
ObjectivesUnderstand the featuresImportance of purposeSet up situationsDesign guided writing tasksUnderstand the process Set up different stages
Warm-up
Writing-a tool in teaching all language skills
Writing- may be a goal in itself.Writing has its practical value and
can be used as stimulus in motivating students to learn the language
Task 1 Comparing Two Pieces of Writing
1. Select two pieces of writing about the same topic. One piece should be a good one, the other should be an awkward one.
2. Design some questions to get the students to thinks about the two texts and give their comments.
Task 2 Identifying the Features of Good Writing
1.Layout: spacing, indention, handwriting or typeface should comply with convention.
2.Language:accurate spelling, right grammar, punctuating meaningfully, a range of vocabulary and an appropriate choice of words, a wide range of sentence structures.
3.Content: clear and convincing ideas with coherent fashion.
Task 3 Forming a Text from Scrambled Sentences
An example: the process of making jiaozi
Task 4 Focusing on Cohesive Devices
1. Relationship between or within sentences. (and, also, however, etc.)
2. Grammatical devices that establish links to form the cohesion of a text. (it, this, the, here, that, etc.)
3. Repetition of key words or synonymous words.
Pre-Writing
Definition: Pre-writing is a very important stage of the whole writing process. Activities at this stage may include deciding on the purpose, the audience, the contents, and the general outline.
Task 1 Developing a Sense of Purpose and a Sense of
AudienceWho are you writing for?
Are you writing for yourself, your friends, teachers, or someone you
don’t know?
Are you writing for an individual person, organization?
Task 2 Generating IdeasExploring possible content and
planning outlinesGathering information through questions and answers, group discussion, or brainstorming
Using a spider map
Task 3 Organizing Ideas
An example: work on the topic The Purposes of Writing in English
The Writing Process: Drafting and Editing
Drafting is the start. Editing is the revision and finalizing
of the composition.
Task 1 Focusing Informatio
Reason: writers need to find a focus, organize the main points and then elaborate on them in detail.
• Narrow down a topic.• Find a problem to solve.
Task 2 DraftingCaution: Good writers tend to
concentrate on getting the content right first and leave the details like correcting spelling, punctuation, and grammar until later.
Task 3 Revising ChecklistPut your writing away for some time.• Read it over. • Outline the ideas and arguments. • Examine the argumentation quality.• Read and ask questions.• Check for misspelling, punctuation
and grammar errors.
Task 4 Editing
The importance of editing: the most important activity of the post-writing stage and its purposes are to check for accuracy, provide feedback to a piece of writing for further improvement, and make the final version.
Useful guidances
Independent Pair-work editingWriting in group
Designing Controlled and Guided Writing Tasks
Task 1 Controlled Writing by Combining
1. Describing a process2. Reordering words3. Reordering sentences or
paragraphs4. Listening and reordering
Task 2 Controlled Writing by Substitution
Direct imitation: present a model and provide the new words, sentences,
paragraphs, etc.Contrastive imitation: new items
provided by the substitutions must be something different from the original.
Examples:
• Substitution of words and phrases in sentences
• Substitution of sentences in paragraphs
Task 3 Guided Writing by Completion
1. Completion by matching2. Completion by multiple-choice
questions (test, not teach)3. Completion using plans or outlines
Task 4 Guided Writing by Reproduction
• Reproduction by copying
• Reproduction by matching
Task 5 Guided Writing by Compression
Reason: examination purposes ability to paraphrasePurpose: recognize the difference
between fact and opinion
Task 6 Guided Writing by Paraphrase
1. Paraphrase by imitating
2. Paraphrase by transformation
3. Paraphrase by comparing
Designing Free Writing Tasks
One important thing about free writing tasks is that the students need stimulus before writing. A picture or sequence of pictures, a dialogue, or a letter can all be good forms of stimulus.
Task 1 Getting Ideas on the Topic
An example
Task 2 Selecting and Expanding One Idea
Also an example
Task 3 Making an Outline
Purpose: enable the students to have a clear organizations of ideas and a structure that can guide them in the actual writing.
Task 4 Writing and Improving a Draft
List possible ideas Select and expand one idea
Make an outlineWrite a draft
Correct and improve draftWrite final version
Task 5 Designing Your Own Writing Task