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    Role of green fodder in livestockdevelopment in India

    S.K. Mondal

    Senior Scientist

    Zonal Project Directorate, Zone-II

    Indian Council of Agricultural Research

    Salt Lake, Kolkata 700 097

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    Contents

    Introduction

    Importance of green fodder

    Present scenario of fodder production Present livestock production scenario

    Future demand of green fodder

    How to achieve the target Conclusion

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    Introduction

    Feeding accounts for about 60-75% of totalproduction cost.

    Feeds principally constitute concentrate mixture,green fodder, dry forages etc.

    Concentrate mixture includes mostlyagricultural products/ biproducts (mainlyunsuitable for human consumption).

    Fodder improves livestock productivity. Employment generation through green fodder

    Feasible entrepreneurial opportunities

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    Importance of green fodder

    Livestock milk meat eggs, fibre, fabrics andfertilizers etc. Livestock products Energy, protein, fat and

    essential amino acids; even crude fibre. To produce, livestock need food (feed). Concentrate mixture is far from their mouth. Seasonal availability of low quality green

    fodder. Sole dependence of dry fodder. Green fodder improves livestock production;

    generates employment and income; givesentrepreneurship option.

    Livestockfodder: A cycle of recycling

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    Present fodder production scenario

    Scarcity of feed & fodder for livestock In India, mere 2.5% of the world land mass Nearly 16.65% of world human population 20% of the world livestock population Needs about 1390 mill. T herbage annually Acute shortage - 35% for concentrate feed,

    28% for green fodder; 11% for dry forages Gap between demand and availability is

    expected to increase further Accentuates the desperate situation of feed

    and fodder scarcity in time to come

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    Present fodder production scenario

    InWEST BENGAL: Only 1.18% of cultivable lands (India - 4.6%) Pasture and grazing land (0.77% of total land) Shortage in availability of quality fodder seeds Lack of awareness in cattle owner/farmers

    Available fodder - only 46.7% of livestock Yearly requirement of green fodder ~ 7665 MT

    429.23 acres Para grass, hybrid Napier, other Modified Centrally Sponsored FFD Scheme (2010) Central Minikit Testing Prog. on Fodder Crops

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    Present livestock sector scenario Indian livestock sector nearly 26% of total

    agricultural GDP Growth in livestock - 1.5 times higher than in

    crop sector

    Huge population of different species oflivestock - 199 mill. cattle (16%), 105 mill.buffaloes (55%), 72 mill. sheep (5%), 141mill. goats (20%), 11 mill. pigs (1.5%)

    Desired growth of agriculture sector @ 4% -by enhancing productivity from livestock

    A steady supply of fodder for supporting thelivestock population

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    Present livestock scenario

    Milk is the main output of livestock sectoraccounting for 66.7% of the total value ofoutput of livestock. (121.3 mill. T)

    Meat (4.8 mill. T) and egg share 17.5% and3.6% of the value of livestock output.

    Share of wool and hairs is negligible (0.2%).

    Share of dung, which is used as domesticfuel and farm yard manure, in the totalvalue of livestock sector output, is about 9%.

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    Future thrust on green fodder

    Availability of adequate quantity of qualityfodder - Key inputs in growth of livestock sec.

    Sustaining higher productivity of animals

    through availability of quality feed and fodder Expansion of area under cultivated green

    fodder crops - demand driven and based onbenefit-cost factor (as demonstrated in Punjab)

    Future focus for enhancing green fodderproduction and its conservation has to be area-based approach (on created demand)

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    How to achieve the target ?Adopting a multi-pronged strategy for adequatefodder availability by: Improving productivity in areas already underfodder cultivation - quality seeds, dual purposevarieties/ hybrids, crops with higher residue yield(pearl millet, sorghum, maize and oat, grazing andpasture lands Promoting production of fodder crops fallowand unutilized lands, perennial fodder crops on fieldbunds and boundaries, peri-urban areas, non-traditional fodder (unutilized and under-utilized) Post-harvest technologies for preservation offodder etc.

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    How to achieve the target ? Accelerating production of fodder through promotion of integratedtechnologies and processes for enhancing the availability of fodder

    throughout the yearNational Dairy Plan (NDP): fodder production activity throughdemonstration at farmers field; capacity building and awareness to thefarmers

    Area expansion program for enhanced green fodder production through

    cluster approach Supporting/Strengthening State Agricultural Universities for productionof breeder and foundation seeds of selected promising varieties/hybrids offodder with participation of farmers

    Adoption of appropriate technologies for Post Harvest Management:Technologies like fodder block making units, chaff cutter for fodder

    processing and silage making would be promoted in the selected/targetedclusters

    Organizing fodder production programme based on cluster approach inthe selected/targeted clusters preferably in dairy catchment areas of thepotential States by promoting appropriate and region-specific fodder

    varieties

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    How to.

    Contingency planningto mitigate the shortage of fodder causedby the natural calamities like droughts and floods

    Need to develop fodder banks in vulnerable areas and strategiesfor improving the efficiencies of fodder supplies from one region tothe other region of the country.

    The department has two schemes viz.1) Central FodderDevelopment Organization and 2) Centrally Sponsored Scheme

    In W.B.

    Promotion of the concept of mixed fodder cultivation (Lucern,Berseem, Napier grass etc.)

    Introduction of technologies in Fodder Development includingfodder dev. under Social Forestry Scheme, By-Pass FodderDevelopment, Preservation of fodders, Social Pasture, LandDevelopment programme etc

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    List of Fodder Farms in W.B.(i) Haringhata Farm (Main & North), Nadia, (ii) Kalyani Farm, Nadia, (iii) FuliaFodder Farm, Nadia, (iv) Salboni Fodder Farm -1 & 2, Paschim Medinipur, (v)Beldanga Fodder Farm, Murshidabad, (vi) Kotalpur Fodder Farm, Bankura, (vii)Ranjitpur Farm, Bankura, (viii) Lokepur Farm, Bankura, (ix) Baligori Fodder Farm,Hooghly, (x) Katwa Fodder Farm, Burdwan, (xi) Rasulpur, Fodder Farm, Burdwan,(xii) Jhatiakhali Farm, Jalpaiguri, (xiii) Pedong Fodder Farm, Darjeeling, (xiv) DungraFodder Farm, Darjeeling.

    Production of sufficient quan tity of quality fodder seeds involving Farmsat Salboni in Paschim Medinipur and Jhatiakali in Jalpaiguri anddevelopment of green fodder throughout the year at Haringhata Farm inNadia. Seed production of fodder crops like Maize, Cowpea, Jowar, Oat,etc. have been started at the above Farms.Besides these, different fodder development schemes under State Plan are

    being implemented. These schemes include distribution of fodder seed/mini-kit, establishment of FD plot in district level and also establishmentof FD plot in G P Level and enrichment of straw/ cellulosic waste

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    Conclusion

    Feeds and fodder is an important input forlivestock production.

    India is deficient in fodder production andavailability.

    Vast livestock population is mainlyundernourished.

    Fodder cultivation through technological

    intervention is the need of the hour in order toimprove the livelihood security of Indian massthrough its direct or indirect benefits.

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