1

Recent Trends in Foreign Language Teaching with Information & Communication TechnologiesDr. Steve SordenMohave Community College

2

ICT (information and communications technology - or technologies) is an umbrella term that includes any communication device or application, encompassing: radio, television, cellular phones, computer and network hardware and software, satellite systems and so on, as well as the various services and applications associated with them, such as videoconferencing and distance learning.

Definition of Information and Communication Technology

http://ictforlanguageteachers.blogspot.com

3

Dr. Stephen D. Sorden

• German Translator for the U.S. Army – Berlin, GermanyStudied Basic & Advanced German at the Defense Language Institute in Monterey, CA

• K-12 Teacher and Administrator(Including 3 years at TAES in Hermosillo)

• Taught ESL/EFL to K-12 and adults• College Teacher and Administrator• Career focus has been on history, languages & technology

4

Open Discussion

Applications for ICT in FLT

ICT Instructional Method & Theory

Changing Learner Expectations

Today’s Topics

5

Disclaimer

I am not a professional language instructor.

I am a professional educational technologist.

I represent the future as a student of language.

6

How do I represent the student of the future?

• I want to be in charge of my language learning experience.• I want it to be practical and in context.• I am very comfortable with technology and social media.

“for centuries, teachers have been the acknowledged experts in the classroom: “the sage on the stage.” Teachers are still fighting with the fact that the learners appear to have taken control of the learning process. The new learners are in rebellion to examination-oriented education.”

- Duane Sider, Director of Learning for Rosetta Stone

7

The “Future” of Education

MP4 | WMV | FLV

8

First Topic

Changing Learner Expectations

9

• Learning-Centered

• Personalized

• Interactive, Social & in “The Cloud”

• Mobile: Anytime, Anywhere

• What They Want (Buyers Market)

21st Century Learners will increasingly demand that their experience is:

Changing Learner Expectations

10

Learning-Centered Education

• Creates change in individual learners. • Engages learners as full partners in learning process.• Creates and offers many options for learning. • Promotes collaborative learning activities.• Defines roles of facilitators by needs of the learners.

-- Terry O’BanionA Learning College for the 21st Century.

11

Personalized Learning

The Snowflake Effect (Eric Duval and Wayne Hodgins)

“Massive Hyper-Personalization”

Personalized Learning as a “Disruptive Innovation”

Christensen, Johnson & Horn (2008)

12

Interactivity

Digital media should do something when it is

touched or clicked on.

Social Media

Learning outside of this world will not be relevant.

The Cloud

Learning materials and status must be

available anywhere

(24/7) on any device.

21st Century Learners Will Expect (Very Soon)

13

Education is Now a Buyer’s Market

It doesn’t matter whether you agree with what students want from their educational experience.

If you don’t provide it, they will go somewhere else.

ICT in education will make this very easy.

14

Self-Directed Language Learning

15

Online Language Learning Communities

• Livemocha – World’s Largest Language Learning Community• italki – Language Learning Community & Marketplace• busuu.com – Your Language Learning Community• My Language Exchange – Find a native speaking partner!• Dave’s ESL Café – The Internet’s Meeting place for ESL & EFL• LingQ – Study online 24/7 and meet people from around the world!• hello-hello – Interactive online language course with a community

16

Mobile Learning (mLearning)

• Handheld Computers & Smartphones

• Increasing Presence in Higher Ed• Still Very Early • Can Place Language Learning in

Context• Ambient Technology

17

Leader in Mobile Language Learning

Praxis Language LearningComing to you from Shanghai, China!

• ChinesePod.com• FrenchPod.com• ItalianPod.com• SpanishPod.com• EnglishPod.com

1400+ Audio LessonsA New Podcast Each DayUses Skype for Live Lessons

To help busy people learn Chinese.

ChinesePod breaks down what happens in a classroom and then smartly applies technology where appropriate.

Think of it as language learning for the Internet Age.

ChinesePod Mission?

18

Mobile Trend Towards Ambient Technology

Surrounding us with technology rather than

interacting through small screens and tiny keyboards.

19

Speech Recognition and Synthesis

From this…

To this!

20

MP4

FLV

HD

WMV

• A new translation app that allows communication without language barriers

• Operates by hand gestures.Speak into the phone while it is vertical, and then flip the phone horizontally to translate the phrase.

Vocre

SPEECH RECOGNITION AND SYNTHESIS

21

Second Topic

ICT Instructional Methods and Theories

New Theoretical Framework

The Social CognitiveFramework for

Blended Learning

• Social Cognitive Theory• Cognitive Science• Networked Learning

Theory

• Social Influence Model (Rogoff, 1998)

23

• Connectivism/Networked Learning

• Self-Regulated Learning Theory

• Cognitive Theory of Multimedia Learning

• Blended Learning

A Tool Box for ICT Instructional Design

Instructional Theories for ICT

24

Connectivism/Networked Learning

• Theory by George Siemens

• Composed primarily of three concepts: – chaos theory– importance of networks– the interplay of complexity and self-organization

• We can no longer personally experience everything. There is too much. We create networks to learn more than we can as individuals.

25

Self-Regulated Learning

• Zimmerman (2000, 2001)• Winne & Hadwin (1998)• Pintrich (2000)

• Cognitive Constructs– Motivation– Goal Setting– Reflection– Self-Explaining Behaivors

Socially-Shared Regulation of Learning

Coregulated Learning

Self-Regulated Learning

26

Cognitive Theory of Multimedia Learning

• Theory developed by UCSB psychologist Richard E. Mayer

• Theory is based on three main assumptions: – There are two separate channels (auditory and visual) for processing

information– there is limited channel capacity – learning is an active process of filtering, selecting, organizing, and

integrating information

• The theory includes a series of principles that provide guidelines on how to design online lessons using multimedia.

27

Blended Learning

It’s a new approach.It’s not just a combination of online and f2f

• Several studies report increased student satisfaction with blended learning over either face-to-face or online approaches. (Clusky, Hodges, & Smith, 2006)

• Several studies indicate that Blended Learning was more effective than conventional face-to-face classes (Means et al., 2009)

28

Blended Learning Components

Blended learning instructional design has two main components:

– Collaboration with peers– Learner self-reflection

Blended Learning Models

• The Inverted Classroom (Flipped Classroom in K-12)(Lage, Platt & Treglia, 2000)

• The Community of Inquiry Framework (Garrison, Anderson & Archer, 2000; Garrison & Vaughan, 2008)

• Social Cognitive Framework for Blended Learning (Sorden, 2011)

30

So What Does the Future Look Like?

31

Third Topic

Applications for ICT in FLT

32

Looking Forward

33

• Informal/Personalized Learning• Blended Learning• Voice Interaction With

Computers

• Free/Inexpensive Open Content• Innovations in Digital Reading• Open Courses for Mobile Phones• Thin Clients & Apps in the Cloud

NEAR FUTURE

• Intelligent Tutoring Systems• Learning Analytics• Personal Learning Environments• Game Based Learning &

Alternative Reality

• Augmented Reality Language Learning

3-5 YEARS?

34

Digital Textbooks

A Wealth of Free Material in Books and Textbooks• Kindle Free Books with the Kindle Cloud Reader - https://

read.amazon.com • Gutenberg Project - http://www.gutenberg.org • Free Open Content Initiatives

– Flat World Knowledge http://www.flatworldknowledge.com

– College Open Textbooks - http://www.collegeopentextbooks.org – Secondary-Level CK-12 STEM Flexbooks

http://www.ck12.org

More important than free digital content, however, is disruptive innovations in how we interact with the content.

eBook Demo

35

Visual-Syntactic Text Formatting

A Few Companies are starting to pilot the use of Visual-Syntactic Text Formatting (VSTF) in Digital Textbooks and online materials.

“McGraw-Hill will be testing this research out on 3 of our books in 2012.”

Jaclyn Mautone in personal emailMarketing SpecialistMcGraw-Hill Higher Education

36

Expect Disruptive and Cognitive Innovations in Digital Text

37

The Reading Eye-Span

Squire Trelawney, Dr. Livesay, and the rest of these gentlemen having asked me to write down the whole particulars about Treasure Island, from the beginning to the end, keeping nothing back but the bearings of the island, and that only because there is still treasure not yet lifted, I take up my pen in the year of grace 17__ and go back to the time when my father kept the Admiral Benbow inn and the brown seaman with the sabre cut first took up his lodging under one roof.

In Block Text – Minimal character-specific information can be processed outside of the oval.

Everything else only competes for visual attention, while adding no informational value.

38

Example of VSTF

39

Visual Syntactic Text Formatting

40

VSLT Process

When in the Course of human events it becomes necessary for one people to dissolve the political bands which have connected them with another and to assume among the powers of the earth, the separate and equal station to which the Laws of Nature and of Nature's God entitle them, a decent respect to the opinions of mankind requires that they should declare the causes which impel them to the separation.

When in the Course of human events, it becomes necessary for one people to dissolve the political bands which have connected them with another, and to assume among the powers of the earth, the separate and equal station to which the Laws of Nature and of Nature's God entitle them, a decent respect to the opinions of mankind requires that they should declare the causes which impel them to the separation.

Millions of computer

calculations per sentence

41

Pre-Test and Post-Test Research

190

200

210

220

230

Fall Spring

ControlEL1

Live InkEL1

ControlESOL

Live InkESOL

Randall C. Walker, M.D.

42

In the Classroom

43

VSTF Web-based Parsing Site

http://www.liveink.com

Randall C. Walker, M.D.Walker Reading Tech, Inc.

44

Open Courses for Mobile Devices

In 2009, the Indira Gandhi National Open University (IGNOU) announced plans to create mLearning so students could access course materials through downloads on their phones.

There is a huge, untapped potential for delivering English and other subjects to learners in developing countries using nothing more than their own simple cell phones.

Nabeel AhmadNabeel’s SyllabusDelicious Links

45

Remword - Free from China

Remword provides text, image and audio to assist with vocabulary building.

46

Thin Clients & Apps in the Cloud

Expect to see a new emphasis on delivering courses directly

from the cloud.

47

So, those were innovations that are already here, but what about…

Disruptive Innovations in 3-5 Years?

48

• Informal/Personalized Learning• Blended Learning• Voice Interaction With

Computers• Free/Inexpensive Open Content• Innovations in Digital Reading• Open Courses for Mobile Phones• Thin Clients & Apps in the Cloud

NEAR FUTURE

• Learning Analytics• Intelligent Tutoring Systems• Game Based Learning• Personal Learning Environments• Augmented Reality Language

Learning

3-5 YEARS?

49

Learning Analytics

• Learning analytics involves data mining, interpretation, and modeling to improve understanding of teaching and learning, and to tailor education to individual students more effectively.

• Learning analytics in higher education has centered primarily on identifying at-risk students who can then receive attention to avoid failure in a particular course.

• The larger promise of learning analytics, however, is that when correctly applied and interpreted, it will enable faculty to more precisely identify student learning needs and tailor instruction appropriately.

It is how we will finally, truly personalize education

50

Intelligent Tutoring Systems

• Will be many, many years until they are perfected.

• Based in Artificial Intelligence.

• Most research from Carnegie Mellon University.

• Expect to see the first uses in foreign language learning as interactive dialogs and vocabulary building exercises.

51

Game Based Learning/Alternative Reality

“Developers and researchers are working in every area of game-based learning, including games that are goal-oriented; social game environments; non-digital games that are easy to construct and play; games developed expressly for education; and commercial games that lend themselves to refining team and group skills.” - 2011 Horizon Report

• James Paul Gee• Collins & Halverson• Curtis Bonk• Marc Prensky

Personal Learning Environment (PLE)

Web 2.0 Services

ePortfolio+

VLE (Moodel,

Blackboard)

PLE

A system for an individual to access, aggregate, configure and manipulate digital artifacts of their learning experiences

• Michele Martin divided learning in PLEs into three areas:

– Gathering Information – reading and learning

– Processing Information – reflecting and practicing

– Acting on the Learning – what do you do with it? How does it affect your practice?

http://michelemartin.typepad.com/thebambooprojectblog/2007/04/my_personal_lea.html

3 Learning Objectives in a PLE

54

• It is still not clear whether a Personal Learning Environment (PLE) is software, or simply an idea.

• The main idea for a PLE is a collection of tools and methods that use technology to promote learning.

ICT & PLEs for Personalized & Informal Learning

55

Augmented Reality

56

Augmented Reality Language Learning

AR is the combination of real-world and computer-generated data so that computer generated objects are blended into real time projection of real life activities.

– ARLL focuses on contextual (immersive learning)– Learning can move beyond physical classroom into the street/field– Contexts have the opportunity to be relevant and to engage

learners.

http://www.avatarlanguages.com/blog/arll

57

Augmented Reality – Google Goggles

58

Layar is an augmented reality software developed by a company in Holland. Listen to their vision of the future.

THE FUTURE IS UPON US!Soon we will be able to stand in a location and see images and video of events that happened in that spot.

CINEMA

Augmented Reality allows us to enhance art galleries and museums with additional information or artistic expression.

ARTJust a simple example of what will be possible to place foreign language in context with Augmented Reality Language Learning (ARLL)

LANGUAGE

HDMP4WMV

FLV

MP4WMVFLV

HDMP4WMV

FLV

HDMP4WMV

FLV

Examples of Augmented Reality

59

Recommendations

• Try to buy or gain access to a smart phone and a tablet if you don’t already own both.

• Become comfortable with digital textbooks.• Contribute to an open textbook project.• Experiment with providing resources to mobile devices.• Become visible in social sites for foreign language teachers,

as well as for learners of foreign languages.• Study blended methods and experiment with blending your

courses as quickly as possible.

60

Recent Trends in Foreign Language Teaching with Information & Communication TechnologiesDr. Steve SordenMohave Community College

61

Resources

• Learning in the Cloud – Warshauer• Web 2.0 How-to for Educators – Solomon and Schrum• Visual-Syntactic Text Formatting: A

New Method to Enhance Online Reading • Mobile Learning • Information and Communication Technology in Education• The Horizon Report• Emerging Technologies in Distance Education (Couros)