Access Fiber and WDM Planning

Wideband, Coarse & Dense WDM (CWDM) (DWDM) Virtual Fibers

Raphael Tana, Business Development manager

CommTech May 19, 2011

Kelowena, British Columbia

Provider of carrier-class telecommunications equipment solutions

• Specialized in best-of-breed and purpose-built Access and Metro Edge network solutions

• Serving both wireline and wireless network operators

• E.g. broadband access: DSL and PON systems, Ethernet copper bonding…

• Exclusive supplier of LambdaGain™ WDM muxes, PON splitters and Ethernet pluggables

National Canadian presence

• Headquartered in Montreal with branch offices in Toronto and Vancouver

• Offices in Paris (France) and Milano (Italy)

• Privately-held company, established in 1989

FONEX Corporate Profile

DSL = Digital Subscriber Lines

PON = Passive Optical Network

Outline

Network Architecture

• Passive versus active WDM

CWDM Technology Overview

• Topologies

• Features

Access Characterization

Applications

• Reference deployment

• Impact on fiber planning

WDM = Wavelength Division Multiplex

Access Planners Fiber Challenges

Key challenge of access network planner is to size the facilities

bases on forecast

• What size of fiber cable?

• 12, 24, 36, 48, 72, 96, 120, 144, 288, 432 … 864

What can you do with optical signal?

• Split the signal – same signal shared by many customers

• Mux signal or colors (wavelength) – not shared

How to apply these two techniques

• Splitter - Fiber to the Home (GPON architecture for residential areas)

• One fiber strand supports 32 or 64 homes

• WDM technology

Optical WDM technology

Generally a well known technology

Active WDM deployed in the Transport network

• Typically achieved by utilizing active WDM technology to multiplex

multiple wavelengths over a two fibers or single fiber strand.

• Increases the capacity of the fiber strands

• Used to relieve fiber congestion & avoid cost of leasing fiber

Passive WDM is becoming more common in North America as it is

in Europe

• Passive WDM is more suited for the Access network

To increase the capacity of fiber strands

Fiber Sizing Consideration

Residential customers

• Splitter 1:32 or 1:64 (PON architecture)

Business customers

• Fiber to the Premises (direct fiber to the business)

• Forecast fiber services: OC3, OC12, OC48, 100 Mbps, 1G or 10 G

• Do you plan one to two fiber strands for each services?

• Passive CWDM technology

• Plan WDM passive muxes (combines the different colors)

• One fiber can support 16 channels / wavelength / frequencies or color .

Important rules to plan and size your fiber cables

PON = Passive Optical Network

Architecture

Optical

device at

POP

Optical device

customer-end

(Fiber node)

Blade

Optical device

customer-end

(Fiber node)

Blade

Central

office

Outside

Plant

Customer

Premise

Fiber

strand

Current method

• Plan four fibers per node, each fiber strand carries 1 GE

Pluggables 1310 and 1550 nm

Architecture challenge

Optical

device at

POP

Optical device

customer-end

(Fiber node)

Blade

Optical device

customer-end

(Fiber node)

Blade

CWDM

Mux

Demux

CWDM

Mux

Demux

One or two

fiber strands

Requires CWDM/ DWDM

pluggables

Central

office Outside

Plant

Customer

PremisePassive

CWDM

muxes

Passive

CWDM

muxes

Virtual

fibers

CWDM method

• Plan one fiber per node, the fiber carries 4 times

1 GE (WDM)

In building your fiber network, plan to use the

full capacity of the fiber strand

Course Wavelength Division Multiplexing

Standard channel plan developed by the ITU

• International Telecommunications Union

• 20 nanometer spacing between channels

• Starting at 1270nm and going thru 1610nm

• 18 Channels

CWDM

12

70

nm

16

10

nm

15

10

nm

15

70

nm

12

90

nm

13

10

nm

13

30

nm

13

50

nm

13

70

nm

13

90

nm

14

10

nm

14

30

nm

14

50

nm

14

70

nm

14

90

nm

15

30

nm

15

50

nm

15

90

nm

Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing

Standard channel plan developed by the ITU

• International Telecommunications Union

• 400, 200, 100, and now 50 GHz spacing between channels

• Starting at 1530nm and going thru 1560nm

DWDM

12

70

nm

16

10

nm

15

10

nm

15

70

nm

1530 to 1560

DWDM

12

90

nm

13

10

nm

13

30

nm

13

50

nm

13

70

nm

13

90

nm

14

10

nm

14

30

nm

14

50

nm

14

70

nm

14

90

nm

15

30

nm

15

50

nm

15

90

nm

1310

Outline

Network Architecture

• Passive versus active WDM

CWDM Technology Overview

• Topologies

• Features

Access Characterization

Applications

• Reference deployment

• Impact on fiber planning

WDM = Wavelength Division Multiplex

1550 nm

1570 nm

1590 nm

1610 nm

MUX

Laser source: -1dBm

Laser source: -1dBm

Laser source: -1dBm

Laser source: -1dBm

2 dBm

loss

-3 dBm

Laser source: -1dBm

-1 dBm

= 75 Km

= 70 Km

Active versus Passive Components

Active

• Typical customer wavelengths:

• 1310nm and/or 1550nm

pluggables

• Wavelength must be converted

Passive

• Must receive CWDM pluggables

• Eliminate transponders

1550 nm

1570 nm

1590 nm

1610 nm

MUX/

DEMUX

1310 nm

1310 nm

1310 nm

1310 nm

Typical Customer Hand Off Required for CWDM

Optical – Electrical – Optical conversion (OEO)

Transponder

Active WDM

SF

P

SF

P

SF

P

SF

P

SF

P

SF

P

SF

P

SF

P

Management

SF

P

SF

P

SF

P

SF

P

SF

P

SF

P

SF

P

SF

P

Active WDMActive WDM

CWDM

Mux

Demux

CWDM

Mux

Demux

SF

P

SF

P

SF

P

SF

P

SF

P

SF

P

SF

P

SF

P

Alarm, Management,

Security

Passive WDM

1310

nm

1550

nm

WDM

SFPs

Power

required

No power

OEO

conversion

Choosing between Active and Passive WDM Optical Networking

Active networking pros

• Distances up to hundreds of km

• Management at the optical layer

Passive networking pros

• Much lower CAPEX

• Typ. 4-5 times less expensive than active WDM

• Pay as you grow, low first-in costs

• No NMS integration

• Much lower OPEX

• Low footprint (space and power)

• No S/W & F/W upgrades

• “Lifetime” MTBF

• No maintenance contracts with manufacturer

• Minimal training required for engineers and ops

• Protocol and speed transparency

Passive WDM networking is better suited for metro and access applications

NMS = Network Management System

Outline

Network Architecture

• Passive versus active WDM

Passive CWDM Technology Overview

• Topologies

• Features and

Access Characterization

Applications

• Reference deployment

• Impact on fiber planning

WDM = Wavelength Division Multiplex

Basic concept

Protocol and bit rate independent

Works entirely in the optical domain

Increases fiber capacity

Color /

CWDMpl

uggables

CWDM Wavelength Grid

Bands used: O, E, S, C & L

E-band not common because of the “Water Peak”

• Point of high Attenuation

Typical: 4/8 channel CWDM

Channel Spacing: 20 nm

Channel Width: 13 nm

Tolerance from center wavelength: 6.5

nm

ITU G.694.2 (695) Wavelength Spectrum CWDM

ITU-T G.694.2 CWDM Channel Plan (approved June 2002)

1280 1320 1360 1400 1440 1480 1520 1560 1600 1640

O - Band E - Band S - Band C-Band L - Band

1270

1290

1310

1330

1350

1370

1390

1410

1430

1450

1470

1490

1510

1530

1550

1570

1590

1610

l2

l1

ln

WDMl1 ln

DWDM Over CWDM

Dramatically Increase Capacity as Required

Operator deploys a CWDM up to 8 system today and then overlay a

DWDM 40+ system in the future!

1280 1320 1360 1400 1440 1480 1520 1560 1600 1640

O - Band E - Band S - Band C-Band L - Band

1430

1450

1470

1490

1510

1530

1570

1590

1610O-band Apps Water Peak

• 40+ DWDM channels in C-band

• (0.8 nm spacing)

Components - Mux/Demux

Multiplexer

• Used to Mux or DeMux multiple

ITU wavelengths on a single fiber

• Inputs and Outputs are

wavelength specific

• Packaging: flexible custom, LGX

or packaged for outdoor splice

case

Common Configs:

• CWDM: 4, 8, 16 channels

• DWDM; 16, 32, 40+ channels

1550 nm

1570 nm

1590 nm

1610 nm

MUX

NETWORK

1550 nm

1570 nm

1590 nm

1610 nm

DEMUX

NETWORK

Components

Drop/Pass

OADM - Drop/Pass Multiplexer

• Used to selectively drop specific wavelength(s) from composite group of

wavelengths

• Low insertion loss, adds approx. 1.0dB to network

• Building block for a “Point to Multi-Point” network

1550 nm

1590 nm

1610 nm

MUX/

DEMUX

1550 nm

1570 nm

1590 nm

1610 nm

MUX/

DEMUX

1570 nm

Drop/Pass

1570

Components

Drop/Add

OADM – Add/Drop Multiplexer

• Used to selectively drop and reinsert specific

wavelength(s) from composite group of wavelengths

• Low insertion loss, adds approx. 1.0dB to network

• Building block for a “Ring” configuration

Ring

1550 nm

1590 nm

1610 nm

1550 nm

1570 nm

1590 nm

1610 nm

MUX/

DEMUX

1570 nm

Add/Drop

1570

1570 nm

MUX/

DEMUX

WEST EAST

Typical Module Configurations

4 Channel and 8 Channel Mux/Demux

• Customized configurations, ie 1310 and 1550 nm plus more channels

1450 1430 1370 1350 1330 1310 1290 1270

1610 1590 1570 1550 1530 1510 1490 1470

4 channel 4 channel

4 channel4 channel

8 channel

Network Design

Distance

• Distance determined by the laser source

• CWDM modules attenuate the signal

1550 nm

1570 nm

1590 nm

1610 nm

MUX

Laser source: -1dBm

Laser source: -1dBm

Laser source: -1dBm

Laser source: -1dBm

2 dBm

loss

-3 dBm

Laser source: -1dBm

-1 dBm

= 75 Km

= 70 Km

CWDM

pluggables

An insight on the way it works…

Receivers are wideband, meaning that they can read any

wavelengths within 1260 to 1620 nm range

Function

TX

RX

TX

RX

TX

RX

TX

RX

1550

GBIC

1570

GBIC

1590

GBIC1610

GBIC

Mux-demux Mux-demux

Single fiber

strand

Slide 26

LambdaGain™ modules can be installed in splice tray

Network fiber

Passive no powering

Cabinet deployment

Network side Customer

Side

Many form factors

Outline

Network Architecture

• Passive versus active WDM

CWDM Technology Overview

• Topologies

• Features

Access Characterization

Applications

• Reference deployment

• Impact on fiber planning

WDM = Wavelength Division Multiplex

Topology 1 : point to point WDM

Mu

x-D

mu

x 8

Mu

x-D

mu

x 8

16 virtual fibers over two physical fiber strands

8 virtual fibers over one physical fiber strand

ITU = International Telcommunication Union

Central Site Remote Site

Topology 2 : WDM Bus

Mu

x-D

mu

x 4

Remote Site

Dro

p &

Pa

ss

Dro

p &

Pa

ss

Dro

p &

Pa

ss

Remote Site Remote Site Remote Site

Central Site

Topology 3 : Dual homing

Mu

x-D

mu

x 4

Remote Site

Dro

p &

Ad

d

Dro

p &

Ad

d

Dro

p &

Ad

d

Remote Site Remote Site Remote Site

Central Site

Mu

x-D

mu

x 4

Dro

p &

Ad

d

Central Site

Topology 4 : ring

Central

Site

Mux-Dmux 4

Dro

p &

Ad

d

Dro

p &

Ad

dD

rop

& A

dd

Dro

p &

Ad

d

Mux-Dmux 4

Remote Site

Remote Site

Remote Site

Remote Site

Outline

Network Architecture

• Passive versus active WDM

CWDM Technology Overview

• Topologies

• Features

Access Characterization

Applications

• Reference deployment

• Impact on fiber planning

WDM = Wavelength Division Multiplex

Optical Networks

Op

tic

al

Lin

e S

ys

tem

OLS 40/80GOLS 400G800G/1.6T

Mesh

Backbone

Network Regional

Point

of

Presence

CO-1

CO-n

Core/Backbone/LongHaul

MetroAccess/Enterprise

PON

node

Metro

DMX

Local

Service

NodeMetro

Edge

Switch

Metro

Edge

Switch

Optical

Cross

Connect

Metro

DMX

Access

Node

C/DWDM

C/DWDM

C/DWDM

Metro

Edge

Switch

DSL,

FTTH

PONActive WDM in the Core network and Metro

Pasive CWDM in metro and Access/Enterprises

Typical route

C

O

Legend:

Feeder Route

Allocation Area

Dist. Serving Area

Common Feeder Ca.

Typical CO serving area• Has four routes

• Number of household = 20,000

• Number of large buildings = 200

CO

Current Access Network

Typical route information • Number of household = 5,000

• Number of DSA = 40

• Number of lines in a DSA = 500 (varies from 300 to 700 lines)

• Number of large buildings per route = 50

• 30 % of the lines are business lines

DSA

3 km 6 kmAllocation Area (AA)

Carrier Serving Area (CSA)

CO

MDF

DMS

Allocation Area (AA)

Carrier Serving Area (CSA)

DSADSA

DSA DSA DSA DSA DSA DSA

DSA DSA DSA

Data to size fiber cables with splitter and WDM technology

DSA = Distribution Serving Area

CentralOffice

URBAN SUBURBAN RURAL

Access Network - Simplify fiber cable sizing

CO 144F

96F

144F

24F

24F96F

48F

Fiber sizing based on:

• number of buildings

• type and number of business

customers

• route size – number of DSAs

Route size Fiber Cable size

> 5000 lines 144

3 k - 5 k 96

1 k - 3 k 48

< 1000 lines 24

Outline

Network Architecture

• Passive versus active WDM

CWDM Technology Overview

• Topologies

• Features

Access Characterization

Applications

• Reference deployment

• Impact on fiber planning

WDM = Wavelength Division Multiplex

• Each Site will have access to four Wavelengths on Day 1. Design scale to eight wavelengths at Site A and Site B, with additional MUX/DEMUX’s.

• Site A , C will have a four Channel MUX/DEMUX with Express port, and Site B will have a four Channel MUX/DEMUX with Dual Express port.

4 Wavelengths to Remote Sites

One or two fiber options

Highlights: 4 Ch MUX/DEMUX with Dual Express port

• Express Port 1 provides expansion to wavelengths 1470, 1490, 1510, 1530 nm.

• Express Port 2, provides expansion to the lower spectrum of CWDM wavelengths; 1270-1450nm

Adding Additional Wavelengths to Remote Sites

• Increase Wavelengths at Site A by connecting an additional 4 Channel MUX/DEMUX to the express port of the existing 4 Channel MUX/DEMUX.

• Increase the wavelengths at Site B by adding a 4 Channel MUX/DEMUX to Express port 2 on the existing MUX/DEMUX ( note lower wavelengths).

• 200 sites – 55,000 units/apartments

• Backbone feeds POP sites from CO sites

• Distribution feeds district sites from POP sites

• Each site is dual homed

• 700 CWDM muxes installed in less than 6 months

Application: metropolitan MTU backhaul

COCO

POP

POPPOP

buildings

POP CO

POP

buildings

Typical Legacy Network Deployment

SONET

OC-48

Ring

SONET

OC-48

Ring

SONET

OC-48

Ring

SONET

OC-48

RingUPSR or BLSR Ring

2 Fiber

• Need to Overbuild / add capacity to ring

• Fiber is exhausted

• Interfaces are broadband (1310/1550)

• Short timeframe for project

• No time to lease or build out fiber

UPSR or BLSR Ring

2 Fiber

SONET

OC-48

Ring

NEW

Node

SONET

OC-48

Ring

NEW

Node

SONET

OC-48

Ring

NEW

Node

SONET

OC-48

Ring

NEW

Node

Increase Bandwidth over existing Fiber rings with

LambdaGain™

CWDM Mux/Demux

CWDM

Mux

Demux

CWDM

Mux

Demux

CWDM Mux/Demux

CWDM Mux/Demux

CWDM

Mux

Demux

CWDM

Mux

Demux

CWDM Mux/Demux

Fiber NodeHE-HUB

Fiber Node

Fiber Node

Hub

LambdaGain™ Metro Transport Application

CWDM

Mux

Demux

CWDM

Mux

DemuxDark fiber (up to 100 km)

All protocols/signals can be transported over the same fiber

• SONET (OC-3 to OC-192)

• Ethernet (FE, GE 10GE)

• SAN (FC, ESCON, FICON)

• Video (SDI, HD-SDI, Analog…)

Increase Node To Hub return Bandwidth with

LambdaGain™

With LambdaGain Mux/Demux Hybrid, CWDM & DWDM

CWDM

Mux

Demux

CWDM

Mux

Demux

Fiber NodeHE-HUBHub

Deliver Fiber Services to Enterprise Customers over your

existing fiber cable with LambdaGain™

HE-HUB

Fiber Node

CWDM

Mux

Demux

CWDM

Mux

Demux

Coaxial Cable

home

SMB

home

Coaxial Cable

home

SMB

home

Enterprise

Star (point to point) fiber deployement from the fiber node

to the enterprise sites

Hub

Deliver Fiber Services to Enterprise Customers over your

existing fiber cable with LambdaGain™

Linear (Bus) single fiber deployement from fiber node to enterprise sites

HE-HUB

Fiber Node

CWDM

Mux

Demux

CWDM Add/Drop

CWDM Add/Drop CWDM Add/Drop CWDM Add/Drop CWDM Add/Drop

Coaxial Cable

home

SMB

home

Coaxial Cable

home

SMB

home

Enterprise Enterprise

Enterprise

EnterpriseHub

Optical Add/Drop Mux can drop a few wavelengths at locations

with few business customers

• Instead of terminating the 16 wavelength

• Provides flexibility to minimize fibre costs

• Mux / Demux still used in CO and at end location

λ

Plan CWDM for businesses

Ethernet

Switch

λ

Mux /

Demux

λ Mux /

Demux

CWDM 16 λ

Fibre Trunk

2 fi / 16 cust.

Business

Customers

λ-SFPs

λ

Optical

Add / Drop

Mux

Eth

CPE

Eth

CPE

Eth

CPE

OADM = Optical Add-Drop Multiplexer

Fiber gain with CWDM for business customers

• 16 customers over dual fibres or 8 customers over single fibre

• Colored SFPs used in CO switch and in CPEs

Passive Mux / Demux equipment can be installed in

equipment rooms, huts, cabinets or outside plant enclosures

λ

Centralized CWDM

Ethernet

Switch

λ

CWDM: Coarse Wavelength Division Multiplexing

Mux /

Demux

λ Mux /

Demux

N x 16 λ CWDM

Fibre Trunk

2 fi / 16 cust.

Business

Customers

λ-SFPs

λ

λ

λ

Mux /

Demux

Mux /

Demux

Eth

CPE

Eth

CPE

Eth

CPE

Industrial

parks

Fiber cable sizeFiber length of 40 km

Physical versus virtual fibers

Fiber length of 10 km

Fiber cable size

High fiber

count and

long distance

warrants

CWDM

technology

Conclusions

Plan to maximize fiber capacity with passive CWDM

Plan splitters for residential customers and passive CWDM for

business customers

Consider DWDM once CWDM is full

LambdaGain Ads

Montréal +1.514.333.6639

Raphael TanaRtana@fonex.comBusiness Development

Innovative telecom solutions

Thank you for your attention

andPlease visit us at our booth