MARKET SURVEY OF FOOD ADDITIVES

MOKSHA CHIB

13FET1003

FOOD ADDITIVE- AN OVERVIEW Any natural or synthetic material, other than the basic raw

ingredients, used in the production of a food item to enhance the final product.

They are added to improve the Appearance Flavor Texture Storage properties of food

Food additives are often referred to as E-numbers or International Numbering System (INS).

Giving an additive an E number means that it has passed safety tests and has been approved for use in the European Union or the EU Legislation.

ADDITIVES & THEIR ROLES COLOURSColours make food look more attractive and can be added even to restore color during processing.

ANTIOXIDANTSHelp to stop oils & fats from deteriorating and develop rancid flavors.

ACIDITY REGULATORSRegulate or adjust the acid/alkali level in the food to maintain a sour or sharp taste.

ANTI CAKING AGENTS

Reduce the tendency of particles to stick together.

PRESERVATIVESUsed to improve the safety & shelf life of food by controlling the microbial growth.

STABILIZERSMake it possible for 2 or more ingredients to stay together.

THICKENERSIncreases the viscosity of the mixture without modifying the properties.

EMULSIFIERSEnsure the proper mixing of oil & water ingredients.

FLAVOR ENHANCERSEnhance a food’s existing flavor.

GLAZING AGENTSProvide a shiny appearance or protective coating.

HUMECTANTSPrevents food from drying out.

PRODUCTS COVERED

Sr no.

Product taken Brand 1 Brand 2

1. Malted milk drink Boost Amul pro

2. Noodles Yippee Ching’s

3. Low fat butter Nutralite Microlite

4. Centre filled chewing gum Center fruit Center fresh

MALTED MILK DRINK

INGREDIENTS

Malted barley (extracted solids)

(63%), wheat flour, sugar, milk solids, colour (INS150c),

glucose, salt, acidity regulator

(INS 501(ii),500(ii)), cocoa powder,

vitamins, protein isolate, edible fiber (INS 412), nature

identical flavouring substances

INGREDIENTS

Malt Extract (42%), sugar, Milk solids (17%), Caramel

(INS 150c), Cocoa solids (2%),

Vitamins, Minerals, Permitted

emulsifiers (E322, E471), Raising

agent (E500(ii)), DHA, Salt, natural permitted colour

(E160a(ii)), nature identical flavoring

substances

ADDITIVES INCLUDED- BOOST

Additive Code Max level

Ammonia caramel

E150c 2g/kg

Potassium bicarbonate

E 501(ii)

GMP

Sodium bicarbonate

E 500 GMP

Guar gum E 412 GMP

Caramel : Food colorant. Its color ranges from pale yellow to amber to dark brown and odor of burnt sugar and bitter taste.

K(HCO3) & Na(HCO3): Acidity regulator (maintains the pH as it is a base), leavening agent (gives foaming ability to the product by decomposing to give CO2 on heat treatment), raising agent.

Na(HCO3): also acts as an anticaking agent by preventing the formation of lumps.

Guar Gum: Emulsifier (prevents oil droplets from coalescing), stabilizer (prevents solid particles from settling), thickener (gives sufficient viscosity; works in synergy with xanthum gum)

ADDITIVES INCLUDED – AMUL PRO

Additive Code Max level

Ammonia caramel

E 150c 2g/kg

Lecithin E 322 GMP

Sodium bicarbonate

E 500 GMP

Glyceryl monostearate

E 471 GMP

Beta carotene (veg)

E160a(ii)

600mg/kg

Lecithin ( Phosphotidylcholine) : Stabilizes the emulsion and controls its flow properties, also acts as an antioxidant.

Glyceryl monostearate: Acts as a thickening agent, anti caking agent & emulsifier.

Beta carotene : Derived naturally and gives yellow to orange to red colour to the product. It also helps in dispersion and less cloudiness In solution.

NOODLES

INGREDIENTS

Wheat flour, Edible vegetable oil, Iodized salt,

Wheat gluten, Mineral (E170(i)), E 412, stabilizer

( E399(ii), E450(iii), E452(i)), Acidity regulator (E500(i), E501(i))

INGREDIENTS

Wheat flour, Refined palm oil,

salt, Gelling agent (E508), wheat

gluten, emulsifier (E452(i)),

stabilizing agent (E412), acidity

regulator (E501), raising agent

(E500(ii))

ADDITIVES INCLUDED- YIPPEE NOODLES

Additive Code

Calcium carbonate

E 170(i)

Guar gum E 412

Calcium lactobionate

E 399(ii)

Tetra sodium pyrophosphate

E 450(iii)

Sodium Polyphosphate

E 452(i)

Sodium carbonate

E 500(i)

Potassium carbonate

E 501(i)

CaCO3: Performs the role of being an white colour for surface coating, and adds Calcium content to the product, anticaking agent, firming agent, flour treatment agent & stabilizer.

Calcium Lactobionate: Used as a firming agent & makes the mix non hygroscopic.

Tetrasodium pyrophosphate: Acts as a buffering and emulsifying agent. It also binds to the metals thus preventing any discoloration i.e. sequesterant.

Sodium polyphosphate: Sequesterant or metal binders, have emulsifying properties. Also used to retain water during processing 7 storage.

Na(CO3)2 & K(CO3)2 : Act as acidity regulators.

ADDITIVES INCLUDED – CHINGS NOODLES

Additive Code

Potassium chloride

E 508

Guar gum E 412

Sodium Polyphosphate

E 452(i)

Sodium carbonate

E 500

Potassium bicarbonate

E 501(ii)

Potassium chloride: Mineral salt. Used as an electrolyte replenisher. Used as salt substitute & gelling agent.

Other additives perform the same function.

LOW FAT BUTTER

INGREDIENTS

Edible vegetable oils, water, common

salt, linseed oil, skimmed milk

powder, Emulsifiers (E471, E322), Preservatives (E202, E200),

Acidity regulator (E330), starch,

Sequestering agent (E385), antioxidant

(E319), vitamin A,D,E, Natural colour (E160(i)

INGREDIENTS

Refined vegetable oils, water, common salt, Milk solid Not Fat, Emulsifiers &

Stabilizers (E322,E471,E472,E473

), Class II Preservatives (E200,

E202, E211), Sequestering agent

(E385), Acidity regulator (E330),

Antioxidant (E319, E320), starch, Vitamin A,D,E, Natural colour (E160a(ii), E160b)

ADDITIVES INCLUDED- NUTRALITE

Additive Code

Mono and diglycerides

E 471

Lecithin E 322

Potassium sorbate E 202

Sorbic acid E 200

Citric acid E 330

Calcium/Sodium salt of EDTA

E 385

Butylhydroxinon (TBHQ)

E 319

Carotenes (mixture) E 160(i)

Mono & diglycerides: Synthetic fats produced from glycerol & natural FAs which act as emulsifiers & stabilizers.

Lecithin: Commercially isolated from egg yolk or soybeans, act as an emulsifier & stabilizer in water/oil mixtures.

Potassium sorbate & Sorbic acid: A preservative mainly against fungi & yeasts, not effective against bacteria. Optimal activity is at pH values below 6.5.

Citric Acid: Acidity regulator and also enhances the activity of other antioxidants.

Salt of EDTA: Metal scavenger & a stabilizer. It is also used after heavy metal intoxication to remove metals from body.

TBHQ: Antioxidant in oils. Carotenes: Water-insoluble food colour, colour

ranges from yellow to orange, depending on the solvent used for extraction.

ADDITIVES INCLUDED - MICROLITEAdditive Code

Mono and diglycerides E 471

Lecithin E 322

Potassium sorbate E 202

Sorbic acid E 200

Citric acid E 330

Calcium/Sodium salt of EDTA

E 385

Butylhydroxinon (TBHQ) E 319

Carotenes (mixture) E 160(ii) & E 160b

Esters of mono and diglycerides

E 472

Sugar esters of fatty acids E473

Butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA)

E 320

Sodium benzoate E 211

In addition to the additives present in Nutralite, Microlite contains:

Esters of mono & diglycerides: Emulsifiers and stabilizers.

Sugar esters of fatty acids: Emulsifiers and stabilizers.

BHA: Synthetic antioxidant to prevent rancidity.

Benzoates: Used as preservatives against both yeasts and bacteria in acidic products, ineffective against fungi & in products with a pH above 5. Benzoates are often preferred due to better solubility.

CENTER FILLED CHEWING GUMS

INGREDIENTS

Sugar, Gum base, Liquid glucose,

acidity regulator ( E330), Emulsifier

( E322), Antioxidant ( E320), strawberry juice concentrate

(0.005%), synthetic foods and natural colors, identical

flavouring substances

INGREDIENTS

Sugar, gum base, Humectants ( E

420), Antioxidants ( E320), Acidity

regulators ( E330), Synthetic food colour ( E133), Mint, Menthol, Edible colors.

ADDITIVES INCLUDED- CENTER FRUIT

Additive Code

Citric acid E 330

Lecithin E 322

Butylated hydroxyanisole

E 320

Citric acid: Being an acidity regulator, it provides acid/base buffer system to the chewing gum.

Lecithin: Provides emulsifying property to the solution.

BHA: Included as an antioxidant.

ADDITIVES INCLUDED – CENTER FRESH

Additive Code

Citric acid E 330

Sorbitol E 420

Butylated hydroxyanisole

E 320

Brilliant blue FCF

E 133

Additives other than citric acid and BHA are:

Sorbitol: Natural carbohydrate alcohol which is commercially produced from glucose acts as an low calorie sweetener, stabilizer and bulking agent.

Brilliant blue FCF: Synthetic blue colour added which is water soluble.

CONCLUSION Additives are an integral part of the commercially available foods

and are necessary to be written on the food packaging for consumer awareness.

The additives must be used only after certification by the concerned body.

Combinations of additives are generally used to give the product

the desired quality.

The safety level of an additive to be included is very crucial except for GRAS which are harmless & can be added in any amount.