Food chains and Food webs

Earth’s systems interact among these six spheres

Gases that surround the Earth

The upper layer of Earth’s surface

All life on earth, including people, animals, plants, bacteria, fungi and protist

All water on Earth.

Places where water is in its solid form

refers to the part of the environment that is made or

modified by humans and is used for human activity

Place the Levels of Organization in the correct order from most specific to broadest.Biome

Biosphere

Community

Ecosystem

Organism/species

Population

Identify each part 5 group of ecosystems with similar

climates and organisms

4

2

6

3

1

biome

Ecosystem- all the organisms that live in a place, together with their nonliving environment

Biome-a group of ecosystems that share similar climates and typical organisms

Population- group of individuals of the same species that live in the same area

Community-assemblage of different populations that live together in a defined area

Species-group of similar organisms that can breed and produce fertile offspring

biotic factors- any living part of the environment

ecology- study of how organisms interact with each other and its surroundings

biosphere- consist of all life on Earth

HOW LIFE INTERACTS

abiotic factors-any non-living part of the environment, such as sunlight, precipitation, water, soil, and wind

Video- Learn Biology: Ecosystem Definition & Biotic Factors vs. Abiotic Factors 2:08

Organisms infood chains and food webs

Producer- organism that makes its own food, such as a plant or a photosynthetic algae

Consumer- an organism that feeds on other organisms

Autotroph-organisms that can capture energy from sunlight or chemicals and use that energy to produce food1. photosynthesis2. chemosynthesis

Heterotrophs- organisms that rely on other organisms for their energy and food supply

Carnivore- animal that feeds on other animals

Herbivore- (primary consumer) animals that feed on plants

Omnivore- animal that feed on both plants and animals

Types of Consumers

Decomposer- organism that break down and obtain energy from dead organic matterScavenger- consumes dead flesh

Detritivore- organism that feed on plant and animal remains and other dead matter

Video: Teachers Pet- Energy Transfer in Trophic Levels 2:41

Quaternary level-consumer located at the fifth level from the bottom of the energy pyramid

Trophic levels-each step in a food chain or food web

Primary consumer- located at the second level from the bottom of the energy pyramidIt depends on the trophic level below it for energy.

producers/autotrophs- make up the bottom trophic levelSun energy is used to make glucose

Tertiary- consumer located at the fourth level from the bottom of the energy pyramid

Apex predator- predator residing at the top of a food chain upon which no other creatures prey

Secondary consumer is thethird trophic level from the bottom of the

energy pyramid

Video: Learn Biology: Trophic Levels and Producer vs. Consumer 2:21

Food chain- series of steps in an ecosystem in which organisms transfer energy by eating and being eaten

Energy Flow

In a food chain energy is transferred from one trophic level to the next.

How are food chains and trophic levels related?

Place the trophic levels in the correct order.

• Tertiary Consumer

• Primary Consumer

• Producer

• Secondary Consumer

• Quaternary Consumer

• Apex Predator

• Producer

• Primary consumer

• Secondary consumer

• Tertiary Consumer

• Quarternary Consumer/Apex

Observe the food web. Find and diagram the food chain that includes one of each of the following levels:

1. primary producer 2. herbivore3. omnivore4. carnivore (apex predator)5. scavenger

Answer for food chain

• Algae

• Grass shrimp and worms

• Everglades crayfish

• Anhinga

• Vulture

How does a food chain differ from a food web?

Food web- network of complex interactions formed by the feeding relationships among the various organisms in an ecosystem

Compare and contrast food chain and food webs

How many food chains can you find in the food web?A food chain has one pathway, while a food

web has many pathways

How would removal of the everglade crayfish impact this food web? 1. What are the effects to the Anhinga?

2. What are the effects to the Pig Frog?

3. What are the effects to the Raccoon?

4. What are the effects to Grass shrimp and worms?

5. What are the effects to the plants, leaves, seeds and fruits

6. What are the total effects on the alligator?

How would removal of the everglade crayfish impact this food web? 1. What are the effects to the Anhinga?

One less feeding source. Eat more killifish, bass and frogs

2. What are the effects to the Pig Frog?Pig frog would die because this is its only energy source in this food web

3. What are the effects to the Raccoon?One less feeding source; has to eat more plants, leaves etc.

4. What are the effects to Grass shrimp and worms?Population would increase; no predator

5. What are the effects to the plants, leaves, seeds and fruitsWould no longer be eaten by crayfish

6. What are the total effects on the alligator?One less pathway of energy

Bozeman Science Energy Flow in Ecosystems 7:45

Pyramids of energy show the amount of energy available at each trophic level.

Noticed that as you move up the trophic levels the amount of kcal is reduced. This shows that less energy has been transferred to the organism at a higher trophic level. The producer has the greater amount of kcal at the bottom, while the eagle has the least amount of kcal.

Create an energy pyramid using the food web. Identify the food chain that does not go beyond tertiary. Remember the sun is an abiotic factor and not an organism.

The food chain has been placed into an energy pyramid.

Calculate energy transfer in an energy pyramid.

Things to remember

• 1,000 calories in 1 kcal

• When showing the relative amount of energy available in an energy pyramid begin at the producer level.

• Divide by 10 to find energy level as you move up the food chain.

Energy at each trophic level

Draw and label the energy pyramid to reflect the amount of energy that moves up the trophic levels. The producer should begin at 10,000kcal.

Write the amount of energy passed from:mosquitosouthern leopard frogalligator

10,000 kcal

100 kcal

1,000 kcal

10 kcal

biomass Pyramid- represents the amount of potential food available for each trophic level in an ecosystemThe approximate masses are stacked up according to a well-established hierarchy.

Ecological Pyramids- diagram that shows the relative amounts of energy or matter contained within each trophic level in a food chain or food web

A pyramid of numbers is a graphical representation that shows the number of organisms at each trophic level.

Energy Pyramids- only about 10 percent of the energy available within one trophic level is transferred to organisms at the next trophic level

Biomass- total amount of living tissue within a given trophic level

Energy pyramid

Biomass pyramidnumbers pyramid

Amoeba Sister Video: Food Webs and Energy Pyramids: Bedrocks of Biodiversity 5:48