Food Review

Essential Nutrients

• Carbohydrates• Protein• Fat• Minerals• Vitamins• Water• Fiber

All Nutrients ≠ Food

• Food is a source of energy– Carbs, proteins, fats are food– Plants transform energy from the SUN into chemical

energy in the bonds in glucose. That energy is released and used by living organisms when the bonds between glucose atoms are broken.

• Other necessary nutrients– Water– Vitamins– Minerals– Fiber

Types of Food

• Carbohydrates– Major energy source– Used by CELLS in respiration– Sugar + oxygen Carbon Dioxide + Water + energy

• Proteins– Building materials– Source of nitrogen (N)– Alternate energy source

• Fats– Insulate and protect organs– Stores food energy not used by body…9 cal/g

Fat Molecules

Protein molecule

Carbohydrate molecule(Sugar)

Sources of Food• Carbohydrates– Sugar– Fruits– Veg– Whole grain

• Proteins– Meats, eggs, milk…complete proteins– Beans, legumes…incomplete proteins

• Fats– Dairy & animal products (saturated)– Nuts, avocado, olives (unsaturated)

Other Nutrients• Water– Dissolves nutrients and waste– Helps control body temperature

• Minerals– Necessary for body processes (nerve and heart

function)– Become part of the body (iron-hemoglobin, calcium-

bones)• Vitamins– Necessary for metabolic processes. Needed by enzymes

so they can perform catalyst functions.• Fiber– Needed to move food through the digestive system

Relationship between Food and Respiration

C6H12O6 + 6O2 6H2O + 6CO2 + energy

1. Food provides the fuel for respiration2. Food is broken down and made smaller3. Then broken into molecules4. Then moved through passive or active transport into

the blood stream5. Then transported through the blood to the

mitochondria in cells 6. Mitochondria convert food to energy & store it as ATP

Relationship between Respiration and Photosynthesis

• Photosynthesis is the creator of most food on the planet. Producers create food, and it is transferred through other organisms in the environment.

• Photosynthesis requires sun, CO2 and water.• It occurs in chloroplasts in plant cells.

6H2O + 6CO2 + sun’s energy C6H12O6 + 6O2

Reactants and products are reversed in RespirationC6H12O6 + 6O2 6H2O + 6CO2 + energy