food safety
DESCRIPTION
World Health Day 2015TRANSCRIPT
FOOD SAFETY
World Health Day, 7th April, 2015
Everyone needs food and needs it everyday
Not only people but food also can travel fast and far
Food safety is concerned with food technologies, multi sectoral dialogue and coordination between health, agriculture, trade, and environment.
Access to sufficient amounts of safe and
nutritious food is key to sustaining life and promoting good health.
Unsafe food containing harmful bacteria, viruses, parasites or chemical substances causes more than 200 diseases – ranging from diarrhoea to cancers.
Foodborne and waterborne diarrhoeal diseases kill an estimated 2 million people annually, including many children.
Food safety, nutrition and food security are inextricably linked. Unsafe food creates a vicious cycle of disease and malnutrition, particularly affecting infants, young children, elderly and the sick.
The populations are affected by many food-related challenges like vitamin and mineral deficiencies, obesity and non-communicable diseases.
We are also challenged by the cheap, convenient and highly processed foods that are also appealing to the taste buds.
Foodborne diseases impede socioeconomic development by straining health care systems and harming national economies, tourism and trade.
Food supply chains now cross multiple national borders. Good collaboration between governments, producers and consumers helps ensure food safety.
Case Scenario 1
Case Scenario 2
Table 1.showing the demographic and household features of the adolescent girls living in the various urban areas in Lahore (n=67)._________________________________________Variables_________________________________________Age: Mean age 21.08 years SD 3.025 yearsMedian family size: 6 persons/householdEducation: n PercentagePrimary 15 22.7Middle 19 28.4Matriculation 5 7.50Secondary school 6 9.1Higher education 21 31.3Water supply for drinking water:Municipal 31 46.3Wells/pumps 27 40.3Others 9 13.4Sewage Disposal:Public Sewage 40 59.7Others 27 40.3Garbage disposal:Public collection 34 50.7Open 33 49.3________________________________________________________________________
Daily Intake of Nutrients of Adolescent women
Calorie
s
Protei
nsFats
Carbo
Vit A
Folic a
cid Iron
Zinc0
100200300400500600700800900
882.7
36.5 40.792.8
767.2
113.6
7.5 4.6
Nutrients
Median Intake
Nutrient Intake as percentage of Recommended Daily Allowance
Calories Proteins Fats Carbo Vit A Folic acid
Iron Zinc0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Chart Title
Nutrients
Perc
enta
ge
Case Scenario 3
Cohort of 1964 followed in 2000-2004
In a Logistic Regression Model, we could show that Birth weight was significantly associated with BMI and Fasting Blood Sugar but not with systolic Blood Pressure.
____________________________________________________Dependant variable: Coeff se pBody Mass Index:Birth weight 1.6 0.4 0.0007
Dependant Variable:Fasting Blood Sugar:Birth weight -5.1 1.8 0.005
Dependant variable:Systolic BP:Birth Weight -1.0 0.9 0.448
This confirmed Barker’s Hypothesis of ‘fetal origin of chronic adult illnesses’;
that all newborns with Low Birth Weight are at risk of developing Obesity, Hypertension and Diabetes hence the concept of Non Communicable Diseases
Food safety problems
Developing countries
diarrhea in children under the age of five – 1.800 000 deaths per year (decreased) – >1.5 billion episodes per year (unchanged)
cholera
foodborne parasitic infections
Food safety problems
Industrialized countries
infections with Salmonella, Campylobacter and Enterohaemorrhagic E.coli– up to 30% of population suffering annually
from foodborne microbial diseases– up to 20 per million dying from foodborne
microbial diseases
Inadequate nutrient intake
Increased levels of infection
Child health and nutritional status
Infrequent feeding
Contamination of weaning food
Termination of exclusive breast feeding
MalabsorptionReduced immunity
Low nutrient density Greater mobility
Infections and Malnutrition
¨ Responsible for a significant proportion of the more than 10 million deaths among infants and children under 5 years
¨ After respiratory illness, diarrhoeal diseases are the
commonest illnesses and have the greatest negative impact
upon the growth of infants and young children
Infections and weaning¨ Incidence of diarrhoeal diseases is especially high
after weaning is initiated¨ Infants and young children are often more
susceptible to foodborne pathogens
¨ Contaminated weaning food may increase the risk
of diarrhoeal diseases during early months of life
¨ Diarrhoeal diseases have a significant negative
effect on growth
Developmental constraints ¨ Insufficient water for washing
¨ improvements related to availability can have a higher impact in reducing diarrhoea than improvements in water quality alone
¨ Time constraints for mothers¨ care/nursing constraints¨ weaning earlier
¨ Household fuel energy¨ heating constraints¨ increased storage
¨ Food shortages
Nutrition and Food SafetyWin-Win
Improved food safety less illness, medical and social costs, poverty
Improved health
Improved Growth
Improved nutrition
Development
Direct Links: decreased physical Productivity
Cost inefficiencies ((e.g. illness and deaths
Indirect links: impaired cognitive development, schooling and productivity
Overall loss to economy2.7-4.1% of GDP annually
Major food borne Illnesses Bacteria: Salmonella, Campylobacter and E Coli: Causing fever, headache, nausea,
abdominal pain and diarrhoea Eggs, Poultry, raw milk, undercooked meat and drinking water Listeria monocytogenes causes abortions and neonatal deaths. Found in dairy products
and ready-to-eat foods. Vibrio cholerae: causes profuse watery diarrhoea leading to dehydration and death.
Found in contaminated rice, vegetables, seafoods etc. Viruses: Norovirus (causing diarrhoea), Hepatitis A Parasites: Ascaris, Entamoeba and Giardia are known parasites acquired through water
and soil. Prions: neurodegenerative diseases caused by consuming contaminated brain tissue or
other organs. Chemicals: Mycotoxins, aflatoxins, cyanogenic glycosides etc can cause cancers.
Dioxins in the environment can accumulate over time and cause cancers. Heavy metals: lead, cadmium and mercury cause neurological and kidney damage
Thank You