2013

Food Safety & Quality Assurance

All 4-H / FFA members who exhibit the following species need to be FSQA Certified

• Beef• Dairy Cattle• Goats (Dairy & Meat)• Poultry (Chicken, Turkey, Duck, Geese, etc)• Rabbits• Sheep• Swine

Recertify AnnuallyJunior members, grades 4 – 6, need to come

every year.Intermediates, grades 7 – 9Seniors, grades 10 - 12Intermediate and Senior members can attend an

annual training or take the test-out option

• Intermediates and Seniors may test out of attending yearly FSQA sessions.

• To do so – they must take a 20 (Int.) or 30 (Sr.) question exam and receive a 70% passing score.

• At one setting, they may take a different exam 3 times if necessary to pass.

• Check with your county extension office for the testing dates / times and for any specific requirements for testing out.

Testing Out of FSQA

ResourcesIowa 4-H Food Safety & Quality

Assurance Member Manual & Website http://www.extension.iastate.edu/4h/projects/livestock/FSQ

A.htmYouth PQA Plus Website http://www.pork.org/Certification/21/youthPqaPlus.aspx Iowa Beef Quality Assurance Website http://www.iabeef.org/Content/bqa.aspx 4-H Livestock Projects Website http://www.extension.iastate.edu/4h/projects/livestock/

Survey of Americans:• 9 out of 10

• In favor of additional food safety measures• COOL implementation

• 64% believe imported foods are often or sometimes unsafe

• 58% worry about bacterial contamination of the food supply

Pew-commissioned poll – Hart Research and Public Opinion

Who is responsible for safe food?• Producers• Handlers• Processors• Food Suppliers • Consumers

Who Cares About FSQA?• 17 million pounds of meat produced

by Iowa 4-H’ers each year• Reputation of the 4-H program• 4-H’ers need to be responsible to the

consumer and the food industry. • Industry requirements must be met

and maintained.• Many 4-H’ers are further away from

traditional food animal production.

• Understand and follow the seven Good Production Practices (GPP’s)

• Produce safe food products for consumers

4-Her’s Responsibility

Iowa 4-H Food Safety and Quality Assurance Program

Good Production Practices

Healthy Animals

Safe Food

Partners in Safe Food

Regulatory PartnersFood and Drug Administration (FDA)

regulates medicated animal feeds and most animal health products

Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)sets tolerance levels for pesticides used in

food production

Food Safety Inspection Service (FSIS)inspects all livestock at federally inspected

packing plants and examines plant sanitation

• A system used in meat packing plants to prevent food safety problems

• Regulated by the USDA Food Safety and Inspection Service (FSIS)

HAACP

Hazard Analysis and

CriticalControl

Points

Hazards can be identified as:

Microbial contamination• Bacteria, virus, protozoa

Chemical Hazards• Antimicrobial and chemical tissue residues

Physical Hazards• Broken needles or metal

HAACP

HACCPIdentify the risks

Identify potential hazards (risks)

Identify critical control points Plan the prevention

Set a critical limit Monitor the process Plan corrective action

Monitor the progress Keep accurate records Review the process regularly

1. Keep accurate records2. Veterinary relationship & drug

usage3. Healthy production practices4. Proper care and handling5. Feed and Feed Additives6. Biosecurity and Animal Welfare7. Exhibit strong character traits

(ethics)

Good Production Practices

• GPP 5 – Feed & Feed Additives

• GPP 6 – Biosecurity and Animal Welfare

• GPP 7 – Ethics

Good Production Practices in Depth

Feed & Feed Additives

GPP #5

Goal: Most economical conversion of nutrients

into lean (muscle) tissue growth or milk production while maintaining animal well-being and increasing the quality of the animal as well as protecting the surrounding environment

Feeding Program

Monogastric (Simple Stomach)Consumes diets high in energy & low

in fiber – ex: cereal grains (corn, barley, oats, wheat) and high protein sources such as soybean meal, fish meal, etc.

Ruminant (Four compartments to the Stomach)Consumes diets low in energy and

high in fiber – ex: Forages such as pasture, hay, corn and alfalfa silage, etc.

Digestive Systems

Handout - “Digestive Tract of Farm

Animals”

Example Activity

Monogastric Monogastric Monogastric Ruminants

Swine Poultry Rabbit & Horse Beef & Dairy Cattle, Sheep and Goats

Mouth Mouth Mouth Mouth

Esophagus Esophagus Esophagus Esophagus

Crop

Stomach Stomach Stomach RumenReticulumOmasumAbomasum

Small Intestine Small Intestine Small Intestine Small Intestine

Cecum Ceca Cecum (enlarged) Cecum

Colon Colon

Large Intestine Large Intestine Large Intestine Large Intestine

Anus Cloaca Anus Anus

Ruminant Digestion: assisted by microbes in four-chambered stomach

Chicken Beak

EsophagusCrop (2”)

Small Intestine (55”)Proventriculus

Gizzard (2”)Pancreas

Ceca (7”)

Large Intestine (4”)Cloaca

Pig_________________________________________

Large Intestine (16’, 2 gal)

Cecum (10”, 0.5 gal)

Small intestine (60’, 2.5 gal)

Stomach(2 gal)

EsophagusMouth

Capacity of Digestive TractsHuman Pig Horse Sheep Cattle

Body Weight, lbs. 165 400 1000 175 1275Rumen, ReticulumOmasumAbomasum Total stomach. Qt.

……11

……99

……99

1812

21

1332116

170

Small intestineCecumLarge intestine Total GI – QuartsTotal GI - Gallons

4…16

1.5

101

10307.5

2915439624

613

317.75

691127

27769

• Energy (Carbohydrates & Essential Fatty Acids)Corn, Barley, Wheat, Cereal by-products, Fat

• Protein & Amino AcidsSoybean Meal, Fish Meal, Grains, etc.

• MineralsLimestone, Dicalcium Phosphorus, Iron, Zinc, etc.

• VitaminsVitamin A, D, E Riboflavin, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid

• Water

Balanced Diet

• Read and retain feed labels• Understand the nutrient needs of the animal• Provide a balanced ration• Ensure feed quality and safety• Follow Good Manufacturing Practices

Adequate and Safe Feeds

• A type of poison produced by mold• Found in corn due to very wet weather

during the harvest season• Animals (mainly pigs) will not eat

the feed• Low performance/weight gain• May want to test a feed sample to see if

mycotoxins are present

Feed Mycotoxins

Feed labels must contain…• Brand and/or product name• Intended species and production phase• Medicated• Guaranteed Analysis• Ingredients• Feeding Directions or Mixing Directions• Warning or Caution• Manufacturer’s name and address• Net Weight

Feed Labels

Handout – “Feed Tag Information”

Example Activity

• The most important nutrient that you can give to your animal

• Water constitutes ~ 60 -70 % of an animal’s live weight

• An animal can live ~ 45 – 60 days without food but only ~ 3 – 7 days without water

Livestock Water Requirements

• Water quality and quantity will affect feed consumption and animal health

• Therefore, if you want maximum gain or production from your animals water quality and quantity must be considered.

• Think about the Derby contests; Milk production; Animal growth for the fair

• Are you monitoring your water supply? Has it been tested?

Relationship between Water and Feed

• Antibacterial agents• Medications used to improve health and

performance

• FDA approved

• Antibiotics

Feed Additives

• Growth modulatorsCompound that alters nutrient use in animalRactopamine hydrochloride (Elanco Animal

Health) sends energy into muscle growth instead of fat

o PAYLEAN - Swineo OPTAFLEXX- Cattle

• ProbioticsLiving bacteria or yeast to enhance digestive

tractLactobacillus, Saccharomyces, Bacillus

Feed Additives

Handout – “Producing Safe Foods Includes No Residue in Show Animals”

Example Activity

Handout – “Paylean and Optaflex Labels”http://www.extension.iastate.edu/4h/page/fsqa-food-safety-quality-

assurance

Example Activity

Certain Feed Additives for Certain Animals

• Paylean and Optaflexx NOT approved for sheep• Be certain that what you are feeding is

approved for your animal• Talk to your vet

Reminder

Feed Processing

• Grinding• Pelleting• Flaking• Extruding• Roasting

Feed Processing• Grinding

– Increases surface area to improve digestion

– Corn, barley, wheat, hay

• PelletingFinely ground material, steamed and extrudedReduces waste and dust in feedReduces animal sortingMore costlyIncreases feed efficiency – less feed per lb. of

gain

Feed Processing

Feed Processing• Extruding

Usually done to individual ingredients of ration

Dog food Ground material forced through a die under

pressure

• RoastingSoybeans contain anti-nutritional factor that

must be heated to inactivate it before feeding to swine

Feed Processing

• Identify feed• Keep storage area clean• Number or label bins• Inspect steel bins for leaks, mold• Control rodents• Clean up spills• Do not store near chemicals

Feed Handling & Storage

• Limit feedingFeed animals once per dayOr feed twice per day

• Self feedingFeed remains in bunk / feeders at all time for

animal consumption

Feeding Livestock

• Provide enough feeder space• Keep equipment in good repair• Avoid spills to control rodents• Adjust feeders to reduce waste• Monitor feeders daily to be sure feed is

available• Adjust feeding amount daily so leftovers don’t

spoil

Feeding Livestock

• Watch for sorting…indicates quality problems• Plenty of water• Clean waters frequently• Clean feed system after using medicated

feeds• Clean and disinfect feed and water equipment

between groups

Feeding Livestock

• Buildings and grounds Clean, neat and pest free

• Equipment Accurate, well maintained, cleanable

• Work space and storage areas Separated to prevent contamination

• Product quality assurance Cleanout procedures to prevent contamination & carryover

• Labeling Label all medications, retain labels, store separately

• Recordkeeping Include delivery date, method, carrier, record medications,

retain for at least one year after feed is used, store samples for 6 months

Good Manufacturing Practices

Keep all feed labels for one year

1997—FDA banned feeding restricted mammalian proteins from rendered animals to ruminant animals (meat, bone meal)

This is the documentation 4-H’ers sign before selling their animals.

Adequate and Safe Feed

GPP #6

Biosecurity & Animal Welfare

• Vectors • Direct contact • Excretions

Manure UrineNasal fluidsAerosol fluids

First line of defense….SEGREGATIONKeep Sick Animals Away From Healthy Animals

How do diseases spread?

Potential Contact of a Disease Spread after a Simulated Terrorist Attack at 5 Locations

Day 123456789101112131415161718192021222330

Day 5 Disease First Detected Potential Impact:

Even if a national “Stop Movement” of all susceptible animals is ordered on Day 8, by the time the disease is eradicated the nation would lose 23.6 million animals!

States Infected: 5121519232730333537383940

NOTE: This is a simulation of how a disease could spread through contacted animals.

• PCVAD (circovirus)• Mange / lice• Worms (roundworm)• Dysentery• Pseudorabies• Foot and Mouth• Brucellosis• Anthrax

What are some examples of animal diseases and parasites ?

• Clostridial • Leptospirosis• Coliform diseases

(E Coli)

• Salmonella• Club Lamb Fungus• Newcastle disease• West Nile Fever

• External - Reduce disease spread risk from outside the farm

1. Unit location and maintenance2. Transportation Controls3. Isolation, acclimatization, and retesting4. Visitor entry policies5. Limit traffic of people and vehicles6. Boot cleaning and disinfecting

Maintain Biosecurity

• Diseases spread by wind, machines• Control rodents, wildlife, birds

Clean up around buildingsMowingKeep doors closedFix cracks and screen holesClean up spilled feedBait

1. Unit Location

• Clean and disinfect trailers• Give drivers disposable boots• Do not allow animals to get back off the truck• Keep feed trucks out of animal areas• Limit visitors• Farm boots vs. town boots

2. Transportation Controls

• Keep all new animals away from other animals (30 days)If entering animals are coming down with a

disease, they will show symptoms soonIf the originating farm develops a disease after

the animals leave, they could be exposedIsolate after livestock shows

3. Isolation

• Identify production areas with signs• Some facilities require signing a book• Generally 24 – 72 hours from livestock to

enter another livestock facility• 7-days required if visitor from a foreign

country• Give disposable boots• Wash hands before and after entry • May require shower in – shower out

4. Visitor Entry Policies

Internal - Reduce disease spread within the herd

• Cleaning and DisinfectingRemove manureDisinfect pens between groups

• Develop a biosecurity plan

Maintain Biosecurity

Vaccination vs. immunizationHerd examination with veterinarianUtilize diagnostic testsRoutine post-mortemsHarvest checksReview records regularly

Maintain Biosecurity

Activity Guide p.93 - “Black Light Demo of Disease Spread”

Handout- “Bio-Security and Fairs – What You Need to Know”

http://www.extension.iastate.edu/4hfiles/agriculture/lhgenbiosecurity.pdf

Example Activities

Facility Cleanliness & Animal ProtectionImportant at home AND at the show

Possible rules on exhibitionsLimiting contact of people and animalsLimiting # of days animals can be at a fairEncourage fairgoers to wash hands

Education of the public and animal rights groups

Biosecurity and H3N2 Influenza

Hot Topic

• Animal Welfare – is a human responsibility that encompasses all aspects of animal well-being, including proper housing, management, disease prevention and treatment, responsible care, humane handling, and when necessary, humane euthanasia.

• Animal Rights – is a philosophical view that animals have rights similar or the same as humans. True animal rights proponents believe that humans do

not have the right to use animals at all. Animal rights proponents wish to ban all use of animals

by humans.

Animal Welfare vs. Animal Rightsdefined by

American Veterinary Medical Association

• National Pork Board – Youth PQA Plus• Animal Welfare Institute (AWI)• American Society for the Prevention of

Cruelty to Animals (ASPCA)• Animal Protection Institute (API)• “Numerous other groups”

Animal Welfare - Groups

• People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals (PETA)

• Humane Society of the United States (HSUS)• Animal Liberation Front (ALF)• Farm Sanctuary• Farm Animal Reform Movement (FARM)• “Numerous other groups”

Animal Rights - Groups

• Health of Animal – Valid Veterinarian-Client- Patient Relationship (VCPR)

• Proper pen space• Receiving adequate water and feed• Temperature and housing environment• Proper nutrition• Proper animal handling• Proper and timely animal euthanasia• NO WILLFUL ACTS OF ABUSE TO

ANIMALS !

The 4-H’er & Animal Welfare

GPP #7

Exhibit Good Ethics

• Ethics is the demonstration of good character traits. (Caring, Respect, Trustworthiness, Fairness, Responsibility, Citizenship)

• Knowing and doing the right thing.

Ethics

Character Traits• Caring - showing concern for others• Respect - treating others the way you want to

be treated• Trustworthiness - don’t lie, cheat, be dishonest• Fairness - play by the rules, listening• Responsibility - be accountable for your

actions• Citizenship - helping others and obeying rules

Handout – “Iowa Youth Code of Ethics – Sample copy”

http://www.extension.iastate.edu/4hfiles/agriculture/lhethicscode.pdf

Activity

• Refer to the Iowa Code of Ethics Handout

• Do you know what is in the Iowa Code of Ethics that you have signed?• Not only deals with how you treat your animal• But, also how you act and present yourself

• What previously discussed items done in an unethical manner could affect food safety to the consumer ?

Ethics

• When Tommy was 8 years old, his father registered a lamb born December 24 as being born on January 2. His father said to Tommy, “It’s O.K. kid, everybody does it.”

• When Tommy was 9 years old, his father bred the family’s flock of purebred ewes with a ram of another breed and registered the lambs as purebreds. His father said to Tommy, “It’s O.K. kid, everybody does it.”

• When Tommy was 10 years old, his 4-H leader and county agent tagged and weighed newly purchased lambs a month after the ownership deadline. They both told him, “It’s O.K. kid, everybody does it.”

• When Tommy was 11 years old, his parents bought him a registered ewe to show at the county fair and changed the ear tag to their own flock tag. His parents said, “It’s O.K. kid, everybody does it.”

• When Tommy was 12 years old, his grandparents bought him a show lamb and left it with the breeder who fed and fit the lamb until the day before the county fair. The breeder and his grandparents said, “It’s O.K. kid, everybody does it.”

• When Tommy was 13 years old, his veterinarian issued health papers for sheep he never inspected and that had foot rot and lamb fungus. He said, “It’s O.K. kid, everybody does it.”

• When Tommy was 14 years old, his neighbor used and electric animal prod on his lambs to get them to brace. He told Tommy, “It’s O.K. kid, everybody does it.”

• When Tommy was 15 years old and after winning the Grand Champion Market Lamb at the county fair, he saw his dad having a beer with the judge and paying the judge $200 for making his son’s lamb champion. The judge and his father said, “It’s O.K. kid, everybody does it.”

Let’s Teach By Example…. (Larry Mrozinski)

• When Tommy was 16 years old, his FFA advisory falsified the numbers on Tommy’s winning sheep proficiency award entry. His advisor said, “It’s O.K. kid, everybody does it.”

• When Tommy was 17 years old, his uncle used Lasix on his market lamb at the state fair to make it weigh into a lighter class. The uncle told Tommy, “It’s O.K. kid, everybody does it.”

• When Tommy was 18 years old, his older brother pumped the loin of his lamb at a national sheep show. His brother said, “It’s O.K. kid, everybody does it.”

• When Tommy was 19 years old, his entire family was aware of the clenbuterol being given to his market lambs. They told him, “It’s O.K. kid, everybody does it.”

• When Tommy was 20 years old, a friend offered him some cocaine. His friend said, “It’s O.K. kid, everybody does it.”

• When Tommy was arrested later that night for using cocaine and called his family to ask them to bail him out of jail, they told him, “How could you have brought such disgrace to your family, you never learned any of this at home, where did you go wrong?” After hearing of his arrest, Tommy’s 4-H leader, FFA advisor, county agent, grandparents, uncle, veterinarian, and neighbors were also shocked.

• If there is one thing the adult world can’t stand, it’s a kid that breaks the rules….

• Sometimes the best way to correct a child, is to correct the example that is being set

Let’s Teach By Example….

Scenario/Activity#1

Steer

How our actions affect everyone

Scenario• Your steer just isn’t walking right at the

State Fair; he seems tight off his back legs• You think he could do really well in the

show, so you and your Dad decide to give him some Banamine to loosen him up

• You know Banamine isn’t really legal but you’ve heard others have used it and it works really good

• No one will even know; there are 300 steers here and you’re just taking him home anyway if he doesn’t win

How our actions affect everyone

Result• Your steer got 5th in his class so you’re just

going to send him on the truck to the packer (Tyson)

• The packer does some drug testing on the animals from the fair and finds Banamine present in an animal

• Tyson notifies the fair of the result and states they will no longer buy 4-H animals since they cannot let the meat enter the grocery store

How our actions affect everyone

Now What??• Since you have violated the Code of Ethics by

giving an unauthorized drug to your animal, you have been banned from showing for 2 years, your friends can’t sell their animals, and you’ve endangered the food supply

• Tyson’s export markets to Japan have been shut down due to the positive test and cattle prices fall since we now have more meat than we can sell

• You may be one in a million, but a million can be affected by one

How our actions affect everyone

Scenario/Activity#2

Rabbit

How our actions affect everyone

Scenario• You’re exhibiting your rabbit at the county fair and

you see a tremendous one that your friend brought and wins Grand Champion with

• Your friend is not going to the State Fair so you ask if you can “borrow” it to exhibit since rabbits don’t have to be ID’ed or anything really

• Your friend agrees reluctantly, but decides to let you show it at the State Fair

• The rabbit wins Grand Champion at the State Fair as well and you’re ecstatic!!

How our actions affect everyone

Result• You joke to another 4-H’er that this isn’t

really even your rabbit, but your friend’s that you’re borrowing

• Show officials hear of the incident and now will have a new rule next year that all rabbits be tattooed and maybe ear tagged by May 15th

• With all the hassle now to enter the State Fair, show numbers dwindle and the rabbit show is cancelled

• Think before you act, and DO THE RIGHT THING!

How our actions affect everyone

1. Keep accurate records2. Establish a Veterinary Client Patient

Relationship3. Follow healthy production practices4. Provide proper care and handling5. Provide adequate and safe feed6. Maintain biosecurity and good animal

welfare7. Exhibit strong character traits (ethics)

REVIEW Good Production Practices

Thanks for Attending!!

Questions