food security & watershed management by jessica calfoforo salas lower jalaur stakeholders’...
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FOOD SECURITY & FOOD SECURITY & WATERSHED MANAGEMENTWATERSHED MANAGEMENT
By Jessica Calfoforo Salas
Lower Jalaur Stakeholders’ Assembly
September 27, 2005
1. Define Watershed1. Define Watershed
2. Farming & Food Security 2. Farming & Food Security
1900-2000 0 A century of growth Keys to agricultural productivity
Irrigation (continuing technology devt) Chemical fertilizer (1847) Plant breeding (1860) Dwarfing cereals (1880) Hybrid (1917) GMO
Trade modernization: Inter-continental exchange of crops Diversity of modern diet Food Processing
END OF THE CENTURY RESULT: HIGH PRODUCTIVITY- (1 US FARMER FEEDS 96 OTHERS)
841 MILLION HUNGRY HUNGER IN THE MIDST OF PLENTY
3. Modern Farming System3. Modern Farming Systemand LAND and LAND
CHART GRAIN AREA PER PERSON
4. Modern Farming System4. Modern Farming System And WATER And WATERTwo distinct eras of the century
– 1950-1978 irrigation expanded faster than population.
• 0.47 ha irrigated area per person • 48 million hectares irrigated area
– 1978-2000 irrigation lagged behind population.
• 6% drop in irrigated area/person or 0.44• 260 million hectares irrigated area (3x inc.)
Graph world irrigated area / personGraph world irrigated area / person
1990, Evidence of water scarcity1990, Evidence of water scarcity
North China plain
India
U.S.
Central Asia
Water table drops 5 ft/year Yellow River dried up for first time in
3000 years in 1972. In 1997, it failed to reach the sea.
Water withdrawals 2x aquifer recharge
Colorado river rarely reach Gulf of California
One of two river systems to Aral sea dried up, shrinking the Sea
STRATEGIC THREAT to Earth’s Water System
1. Change in people’s relationship to the earth.
2. Global warming.3. Massive change in land use pattern4. World wide contamination of water
resources with chemical pollutants.5. Rapid population growth.
5. Dysfunctional Farming vs. 5. Dysfunctional Farming vs. Transformational FarmingTransformational Farming
Why dysfunctional farming?Why dysfunctional farming?
More food does not mean food security
Food output used as sole measure of agricultural success
Mass food policyWildlife populations declineWater deficits
Farmers contribute to widespread ecological problems– Contamination of waterways– Biodiversity decline– Spread of toxic chemicals– Climate change
“The strongest evidence that our food system is dysfunctional is the fact that farmers are the poorest people on the planet.”
Why transformative farming?Why transformative farming?
10,000 years ago agriculture was a transformation of nature
“Free” biological services– Nitrogen-fixing plants– Nutrient cycling abilities of soil
microbes & insects
Agro-ecology – intimate understanding of ecological interactions in the farm landscape
Use of local resources and local knowledge
Recognizing the wisdom of traditional rice farming– Sustainable rice intensification– Using Various methods– Rainfed agriculture– Tazas or rice hole
6. RECOMMENDED OPTIONS6. RECOMMENDED OPTIONS
Strengthen local economy Ecological farming
“Ecological farming technique depends on location-specific knowledge and adaptation.”
Integrated Watershed Management Water Pricing
Integrated Watershed ManagementIntegrated Watershed Management
A paradigm shift in A paradigm shift in watershed managementwatershed management
From a limiting forest management to –
Integrated Watershed Management Integrated Water Resource Management Localized Watershed Management Community-anchored Watershed
Management River Basin Reference
Understand the Integration of Understand the Integration of Natural SystemsNatural Systems
Between land and water useBetween surface water and ground
waterBetween water quantity and qualityBetween upstream and downstreamBetween the freshwater system and
the coastal watersIWRM
Mainstreaming water in the national economy
Ensuring coordination between sectors
Ensuring partnership between public and private sector management
Involving everybodyIWRM
Recognizing the dimensions for Recognizing the dimensions for Sustainable DevelopmentSustainable Development
Natural EconomicPoliticalSocial CulturalHumanSpiritual
SIAD
Organizing for Localized Organizing for Localized Watershed ManagementWatershed Management
Use topographic map to define the watershed
Identify ecological zones within the watershed
Determine LGU boundaries using an overlay Explore with neighboring LGUs possibility of
working together in the same watershed Prepare action program towards a
memorandum of agreement
COMMUNITY ANCHORED COMMUNITY ANCHORED WATERSHED MANAGEMENTWATERSHED MANAGEMENT
Significant Environment Education Base Village/Barangay Information Centers Watershed Delineation, cooperation of
municipalities within the boundaries Community/Barangay Mapping Watershed Framework & Strategic Plans
Targeting at the Village/Barangay Annual Investment Plan
Integration in the Municipal Annual Investment Plan
Implementation at the Village level/ Monitoring at the Municipal/ Provincial/
Watershed levels Evaluation at all levels
USING THE RIVER BASIN AS USING THE RIVER BASIN AS REFERENCE POINTREFERENCE POINT The whole river basin may be the same area
for watershed management, especially in small islands.
Use the span of management and capability to define area to be managed.
In the few long river basins in the country, several areas may be defined for localized watershed management.
Good working relationship with another LGU should be the basis for cooperation, not exactly to cover all areas in the basin or island.
5. AN INTEGRATIVE 5. AN INTEGRATIVE EXPERIENCE: THE TIGUM-EXPERIENCE: THE TIGUM-AGANAN WATERSHEDAGANAN WATERSHED
ILOILO WATERSHED MANAGEMENT COUNCIL
RIVER BOARDS/COUNCILS
Magapa-SuageWatershed Mgt.
Council
Tigum-AgananWatershed Mgt. Board
Jalaur, NorthernIloilo, Jar-aw,Tanjan Mgt. Board, Etc.
SibalomWatershed
Mgt. Council
River/Brook Groups BIC + BIC + BIC
People’s Initiatives
PROVINCE OF ILOILO WATERSHED STRUCTURE
WATERSHED MAP
The Tigum Aganan River BoardThe Tigum Aganan River Board
Officers: Maasin LGU, Chair Pavia LGU, Vice Kahublagan Sang
Panimalay Foundation, Secretary
Central Philippine University, Treasurer
Phil. Information Agency, Province, Info Officer
Members: Leon LGU Alimodian LGU Sta. Barbara LGU Cabatuan LGU Irrigators’ Association Katilingban Sang mga
Pumuluyo sa Watershed-Maasin
Technical Working GroupTechnical Working Group
PASU-DENR MIWD DPWH NIA PIA CENRO CPU SBIFL KAPAWA KSPFI
LGU representatives: Maasin Cabatuan Sta Barbara Pavia Iloilo San Miguel Alimodian Leon
LEGAL BASESLEGAL BASES
Creation of Provincial Watershed Mgt Council – Ordinance 2000-41, dated
Creation of River Boards or local watershed council – Memorandum of Agreement among LGUs and major stakeholders.
Barangay Information Centers – Local Government Code
Barangay Information CentersBarangay Information Centers NAME OF BIC NO. OF
BICsNO. OF
MEMBERSBUDGET INITIATIVES
TPLANTING
Riverbank
CBFM SWM livelihood
Gardening
LEON 5 94 120,000.00 X X X X X
STA. BARBARA
6 96 175,000.00 X X X X X
MAASIN 18 308 237,000.00 X X X X X X
CABATUAN 13 287 223,000.00 X X X X X
SAN MIGUEL
7 140 324,700.00 X X X X X
PAVIA 5 113 39,000.00 X X X X
ILOILO CITY 2 27 4,000.00 X X X
DECS 6 164 100,000.00 X X X X X
ALIMODIAN 8 216 189,000.00 X X X X X X
TOTAL 70 1,474 1,411,700.00