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Food vs Energy:Crops for Energy
Dr William D DarDirector General ICRISAT
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Outline of Presentation
• About ICRISAT
• Why Biofuels?
• Global scenario-Biofuels
• Food-fuel trade-offs
• Ethics
• Australian Scenario
• Pro-poor BioPower initiative
• Impact
• Conclusion
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VisionA prosperous, food-secure and resilient dryland tropicsMissionTo reduce poverty, hunger, malnutrition and environmental degradation in the dryland tropics
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ICRISAT Locationsin the Semi-arid Tropics
55 countries6.5 million sq km2.5 billion people
HeadquartersPatancheru, Telangana, India
ESA Regional HubNairobi, Kenya
WCA Regional Hub Bamako, Mali
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Inclusive Market-Oriented Development (IMOD)
IMOD: A New Strategic Framework
Harness Markets
Manage Risks
Tech-based Innovations
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Why Biofuels?
• Alternative to oil based fuels (95%) for the transport sector
• Solution to global environmental concerns about climate change, energy security and reduction in oil imports
– Environmentally superior fuels with lower CO2
emissions
• Potential source of income for the poor
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Major Biofuel Feedstocks
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US-Corn and Brazil-Sugarcane vs Food Prices
Biofuel demand does affect food commodity prices
Moderate effect on sugar prices
(Bastianin et al 2013)
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Biofuels and Land Use Change (LUC)
• Direct and indirect
• With present technology, 100 billion litres require 2-3% of global arable land (OECD, 2006)
• Striking differences between the percentages of cropland need be dedicated to biofuels in Brazil (3%) and the EU (72%)
• Environmental benefits vis-a-vis LUC poorly understood
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Ethical Principles in Biofuels Development
• Should be environmentally sustainable
• Should contribute to a net reduction of total greenhouse gas emissions
• Should not be at the expense of people’s essential rights
• Should involve women and smallholder farmers
• Should adhere to fair trade principles
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Australia- Energy Scenario
9th largest energy producer17th largest consumer of non-renewable energy
(2013 Australian Energy Statistics)
Portfolio: 96% Non-renewables4% renewables
Renewable energy consumption is risingBiofuel/gas share: 0.4% ONLYBioethanol: internal consumption (440 ML)Biodiesel: Exported (10 ML out of 350 ML)
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Australia- Biofuel Production Facilities
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Australia- Biofuel Plans
• Federal: Clean Energy Future Plan - $17 billion over the next 10 years
- $20 million to the Advanced Biofuels
- $23 per ton carbon tax on emitting firms
• New South Wales: 6% ethanol and 5% biodiesel blending mandatory
• Queensland: goal to become a leader in bio-based industrial products and technology by 2020
• Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation (QAAFI) is working on sugarcane, eucalyptus, pongamia, sorghum
• Western Australia: 13,400 ha in the Ord river area is allocated to grain sorghum for biofuels
• Pilbara region as an ideal location for algae production
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ICRISAT’s Pro-poor BioPower Initiative
• BioPower empowers the dryland poor to benefit from emerging bioenergy opportunities
• Ensures both food and energy security
• Focuses on biomass, juice and grain yields
• Greater smallholder incomes
• Sustaining environments
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Sweet Sorghum: Food-Feed-Fuel
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Food-Fuel Tradeoff
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Varieties Hybrids Varieties Hybrids
Rainy season Postrainy season
Gra
in y
ield
(t
ha
-1)
Sugar yield Grain yield
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Varieties Hybrids Varieties Hybrids
Rainy season Postrainy season
Su
ga
r yie
ld (
t h
a-1
)
A challenge
Rainy: Higher sugar yield, No trade-offsPost-rainy: Lower sugar yield and high grain yield,
Negligible trade-off in sweet sorghum hybrids
(ICRISAT sweet sorghum trials 2011-13)
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• Biofuels will take off in countries where subsidies on fuel are low to medium.
• Low feedstock costs are important component of over all cost of biofuels
• Studies in India, China, Brazil indicate that whole plant utilization of sweet sorghum and by-products from processing leads to positive economic returns.
Economic Assessment
Favourable policy environment required
Feed block
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Partnerships for the PoorICRISAT, Rusni Distilleries & TCL tie-up through ABI
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China- Exploring Sweet Sorghum
Crushed 25000 t of sweet sorghum in 2013 and forging ahead
ZTE Distillery, Inner Mangolia
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Bapamin Enterprises- Philippines
Pioneers in by-product utilization!
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One Practical Approach in India
A demo of sweet sorghum as feedstock in two sugar mill areas promising
Sugarcane season: Nov-MarJAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC
Proposed Bioenergy Calendar
Sugarcane harvesting
Sweet sorghum harvesting
Sweet sorghum planting
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Conclusions Food security is paramount over energy
security
Need to balance food security and energy security to mitigate food price volatility
Biofuel development offers both opportunities and risks
Sweet sorghum is a competitive feedstock
Policy and R4D are essential
Smallholder participation and gender inclusiveness are key to success
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YES!We can ensure food- energy-environmentalsecurity, together!
ICRISAT is a member of the CGIAR Consortium