ARCHITECTURE DEPARTMENT

MASTER OF ARCHITECTURE PROGRAMME

CHINESE UNIVERSITY OF HONG KONG

2008-2009 DESIGN REPORT

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FOOTBRIDE RE-CONFIGURATION

LI Chi Yung George May 2009

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Thesis Report Department of Architecture Year 2008/2009 Student - LI Chi Yung Student ID - 05409060 Thesis Advisor - Larence Liauw Wie Wu, Thomas Chung Wang Leung

Research

Phenomena Hong Kong possesses a relatively high figure of footbridges built among other cities. (Approximately, there are 658 footbridges distributed in the territory) However, most footbridges are aimed on effectiveness of pedestrians and vehicles flux. They are always the linkages with monotonous designs scattered on roads. The incomprehensively designed footbridge system resulted in lack of activities alongside and low usage in some cases.

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Types of footbridge in Hong Kong i Verticle connection • Bridge path [ 3 Traffic road Building

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Extensive Footbridge System in Hong Kong 40 100m

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2. Conflict between the On-grade Crossing

Existing Problems of Current Footbridges

1. Connecting to Undeveloped Area

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3. Lack of Indication to the Access

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4. Unpleasant Environment Underneath

5. Too Close to surrounding Buildings

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6. Emphasis on Velocity, Homogenic Design

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Activities Observed on Footbridges

Case Study

Precedent Studies - Historical Habitable Bridges Ponte Vecchio, Florence, Italy

Rialto, Venice, Italy

In order to connect the Palazzo Vecchio at Palazzo Signoria with the Palazzo Pitli. in 1565 Cosimo I de Medici had Giorgio Vasari bultd the famous "Vasari corridor above it. The Ponte Vecchio is a medieval bridge over the Amo River in Florence. Italy, noted for having shops built along. It is the Europe's oldest seg-mental arch bridge.

Programmatic Linkage Habitable Bridge, 1994 - Zaha Hadid

The iJ^P^Oflrammes are organized vertically as NODE, with free flow public access activUies on the tower the bridge structure and private access programmes contained within the five separate build-

^^nhablted bridge discovers a new rote of spanning the modem obstacles and establishs a new ^^rat ion of commercial, ctvic and cultural centres. It tended to create an organic relationship be-

two existing urban districts.

Bridge as Event Generator Bridge-city, 1988 - Bernard Tschumi

Due to the topography of Lausanne, the relation of streets to buildings, indeed the whole notion of urban space has been transformed. In some parts of the city, streets are suspended and buildings are buried in the ground. Rooftops act as the ground floors while the piano nobile can be found on any level. The build-ings functton as vertical passageways and bridges as multistorey crossings.

The BrWge-city prc^ect proposes a number of inhabited bridges which become the generators of the master plan for the district. As functional supports, the four new structures argue the existing system of bridges and created a new density of spatial relationships and uses.

The concept of bridge as an urban generator not only allows new spatial linkage with the existing city, also encourages indeterminate programmatic factors; new urban events will inevitably happen.

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perspective

Bridge as City Network Urban Infrastructure, Berlin Plan 1958 - P. Smithson & P.Sigmond，Team 10

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The angular pedestrian platform entertainment fadlities. (e.g. ctm

serves as commercial, ,trade centres.)

Bridge as Town / City Bridge Town over the English Channel, 1963 - Yona Friedman Since current engineering techniques allow the city to be built on bridge, the bridge town could be built across the English Channel instead of the mere traffic-bridge or tunnel.

The main structure could contain storage, technical facilities, and housing for personnel. It would be built along the lines of space-frame structures. The structure could be attached to or suspended from pylons, or It could consist of floats placed closed to one another like military pontoon bridges.

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Boston Harbor Development project, 1959 - Kenzo Tange

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The terraced housing stacked back to back over transportation ways. It was a residential unit for 25,000 people.

The intertor space was able to eridose community and sports facilities, shops and offices etc. The road and building area not separated as two systems but integrated in one complex

Tokyo Bay project, 1960 - Kenzo Tange

section along ttw communal axw Plan of me communal em

The project formulates an uitan spatial organtzatk>n as reflection of an open society and city In continual movement. The communal axis will extend step by step to bridge up the entire length of Tokyo bay.

The velocity and uninterrupted flow of present-day traffic lead to the construc-tion of much bigger buildings.

Site Study

Site Study 一 Sham Shui Po Site Background

The Sham Shui Po District embodies a long history and it is one of the oldest urban district in Hong Kong. Owing to the rapid

growth of population and the influx of Chinese immigrants from 1945 to 1967，the government launched some large scale rec-

lamation works. Nowadays, there is about 62% of buildings with over 30 years age. In order to revitalize the district, govern-

ment has proposed several renewal development projects.

Population Characteristics

The population of Sham Shui Po is about 353,550(2002). According to the planning department, the population in Sham Shui

Po will increase about 27.65% in 2012. The district has the largest part of new immigration from mainland, and also has big-

gest proportion of elders compared ot other districts.

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Demographic

Major Roadworks I Road I Highway

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Mass Transit Railway,

EXISTING SITE CONTEXT - KEY BUILDINGS, OPEN SPACE 0昨N SPACE KEY 8UILDING • MTR STATION

EXISTING SITE CONTEXT - SOCIAL NODE, WALKING TIME OPEN SPACE J；. KEY BUILDING • MTR STATION

> SOCIAL NODE 5 MIN WALKING DISTANCE

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CREATE NEW NODES TO ENRICH THE CONTEXT AND CONNECTIVITNESS OPEN SPACE 「KEY BUILDING • MTR STATION

> SOCIAL NODE 5 MIN WALKING DISTANCE

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Design

NEW HABITABLE FOOTBRIDGE SYSTEM TO CONNECT NEW AND OLD REGIONS

The coastal side of Sham Shui Po is under rapid development. New residential buildings, district parks and different public amenities are being founded. Meanwhile, renovation is also in fast progress in the inner old dense . regions of the district. They will account for a new Sham Shui Po.

However, the government seems to omit the importance of connection between the old and new regions of the district. Typical footbridges and skywalks are built as usual. Can they really play the role as connectors to strengthen the overall Sham Shui Po? I don't think so! Therefore, a new footbridge system is needed to solve this situation.

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Existing condition Plot ratio 〜1 : 5

Renewal Projects by LIRA Plot ratio 〜1 : 9

r . ‘ ‘ ‘ I 』 Project Information

Site Area: 1,384 sq m

Development Content Residential: -10,563 sq m

Retail ： -2,016 sq m Open space: -250 sq m

2 Project Information

Site Area: 3,345 sq m

Development Content Residential: -25,000 sq m

Retail: -5,000 sq m Open Space: -400 sq m

Housing condition partial model

Project Information Site Area : 24,390 sq m

Development Content Residential : ~ 183,110 sq m

Retail : ~36,585 sq m Open space : ~4,880 sq m

Renewal Process at the Old Dense Region - Location

Original condition

LIRA / private sector redevelopment method

New proposed redevelopment method

Junction of Old and New Region - Location 2

Existing Condition

New Developed Region - Location 3

Existing Condition

Furture Footbridge proposed by Private Sector

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Design Abstract - Footbridge RE-configuration The thesis will investigate an alternative design approach for footbridge by introducing programs, redesigning the elements of access and manipulating the relationship between the footbridge and the surrounding context to enhance the role of it in the city.

The composition of a habitable footbridge consists of three parts; they are access (e.g. staircase, ramp, lift, escalator and etc.), path of linkage and programs.

Staircase, ramps and etc. are important elements of access to bring people up to the footbridge. Their design and orientation should be based on the flow of pedestrians, either following or redirecting. More spacious entrance can be created through careful articulation of them and people interest will be raised if feature designs are added on them.

Different strategic approach on configuring and allocating programs to the footbridge will be necessary in sites with different conditions so that the footbridge can meet the needs of its surrounding communities.

While the functions of footbridge are enhanced, it is not only the linkage and distributor, but also an event generator and can be counted into part of the building development.

Proposed New Footbridge System across Old and New

LOCATION 1 path = programmatic volume

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Overall Aerial View

LOCATION 2 linkage path with programs alongside

LOCATION 3 program as nodal point

@ — — 8 — s Typology of Habitable Footbridge

Overall Plan

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Further Design Development of Location 2 A low utilized footbridge at the junction of Yen Chow Street and West Kowloon Corridor Highway in Sham Shui Po has been chosen as site of study and design.

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Exploded Axonometric

1 - multi-function hail 2 - open terrace 3 - art studio, classroom,

public workshop 4 • library 5 - gallery & exhibition zone 6 - nursery (4/F) 7 - family service centre (5/F)

3rd Level

1 - multi-function hall 2 - open terrace 3 - art studio, classroom

public workshop 4 • library

2rd Level

1 - multi-function hall 2 - open terrace 3 - art studio, classroom,

public workshop 4 - library 5 • chess comer 6 - internet bar 7 - children playground 8 - game room & music room

1rd Level

1 - multi-function hall 2 - store 3 - social corner 4 - lobby 5 - library 6 - public plaza 7 • gallery & exhibition 8 - bus stop 9 - youth affair office 10-cafe

-performance space 2 - flea market

• fitness centre -exercise p 却h

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