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FOOTEMINERAL@SUNBRIGHT(HORTON’SSUMMIT)

By:Copyrightandallrightsreserved

LawrenceJ.Fleenor,Jr.BigStoneGap,Virginia

Nov.18,2017Version11-26-17

About1888theSouthAtlanticandOhioRailroad,whichwasbuildingalineto theBig StoneGap coalfields fromBristol, Virginia, arrived at the saddle dividebetweenCoveCreekandLittleFlatLickCreek,whichisalsothedividebetweenthevalleysof theNorthForkof theClinchand themainClinchRiver.The sitewasofsomeimportance,becausethetrailleadingacrossPowellMountaintoBigStoneGapviaMapleGapbeganhere. Therailroadmovedmaterialtobeusedinbuildingtherailroad toBigStoneGapviaoxenby this route. Thesitealsoprovidedaccess toHunter’sValley. Adepotwas locatedhere calledHorton’s Summit,namedafter afamilythatlivedthere.Later,apostofficewasestablishedinacountrystoreattheintersectionof theWildernessRoadand theroadacrossPowellMountain. ItalsowasnamedHorton’sSummit.Between1901and1903therailroadbegantosearchforanewname,perhapsbecauseofpotentialconfusionwiththedepotatSummit,South Carolina. The SA&O time schedule in 1903 used the name ‘McRae’, but by1905thenamehadbeenchangedto‘Nora’.Thescheduleof1909hadchangedthename to ‘Sunbright’, a name that had no previous connection to the site.(1, 2, 3)Despitethisofficialchangeinthedepot’sname,thecrewmenthatranthelocalfromAppalachia,andwhichservicedFooteMineral,continuedtousetheterm‘Horton’sSummit’.(4) As the SA&Owas building through the area, geologists in 1909 discoveredand described a very pure grade of limestone atHorton’s Summit. It earlier hadbeenfoundatNewman’sRidgeontheTennesseeline,andwasthereforenamedthe‘NewmanLimestone’ (themodernname isGreenbrierLimestone). ThepublishedassayofthisstoneasfoundatHorton’sSummitshowedaveryhighcalciumcontent,with little impurities suchas shaleormagnesium (dolomite). Itwasnoted to lay“not far from the tracks of the Virginia and Southwestern Railroad” (which hadboughttheSA&Oin1910).Itsanalysisshowed1%aluminumoxide,1%ironoxide,49% calcium oxide, 90% calcium carbonate, and 2%magnesium. (The oxide andcarbonatesofcalciumarealternateforms,andthepercentagesarenotadditive)(5) Interestinglyenough,thereisanotheroutcroppingofNewmanLimestoneonthesouthernentrancetothegapinStoneMountainattheTownofBigStoneGap.There,theslopeofthelimestoneistowardstheskypointingtowardsthesoutheast.Thelayerofstoneis300-400feetthick.TheanalogofthisanticlineintheNewmanLimestone is that which is found at Horton’s Summit, where it is divingunderground sloping toward the southeast. These circumstances indicate the

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previousexistenceofahighmountainthatonceconnectedtheStoneMountainandHorton’sSummitformations,andwhichhaslongsincebeenerodedaway.(5,6)

DESCRIPTIONOFTOPOGRAPHICMAPOFFOOTEMINERAL,SUNBRIGHT,VA.

1–FooteMineralplant–centerofillustration2–mine–endofroadinnorthwesternplantgrounds3–rotarykiln–centerofplant,runningsouthwesttonortheast4–scrubbersandsmokestack–northeasternendofrotarykiln5–SouthernRailroadsidetrack–westofplantgrounds6–twoelectriclines–cominginfromnortheast7–openalkalivats–thetworectangularstructuresnexttohighwayatthesouthwesterncorneroftheplant8–classroom–thebuildingclosesttothehighwayinthesoutheasternplantsite; tothe leftof theentrancegate9–tailingspond–topofthehillsouthoftheplant10–roadtoMapleGap–northwestofplant,headingnorth

In1953Foote (pronounced locally as ‘foot’, butmoreproperly as in ‘toot’)

Mineral Company opened a plant here.(7) It already had a lithium plant inPennsylvania,whichhadbeenbuilt in1941. Thepublicwastold that itproduced

FOOTNOTE#19

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‘lithium, which was used to make the white baked enamel finish on kitchenappliances and on bathtubs’.(8) At other times student groupswere told that thelithiummadeatSunbrightwasusedingrease.(9)

THEFOOTEMINERALPLANTATSUNBRIGHT,VIRGINIA

Thecameraislocatedinthesouthernendofthefacilitylookingnorth.Thephotographerisstandingonthecatwalkoverthealkalivatsneartheemergencyshowerswhichweretobeusedifsomeoneweretohavefallenintothecaustic

fluidcontainedinthem.Inthecenterleftbackgroundarethestoragesilosfortherawmineralstobeprocessed.Thetallstructureinthecenterright

wasattheentrytotherotarykiln,fromwhichthecrushedrawmineralsweredumped.Thedischargegassesgeneratedinthekilnventedintothesmokestack

here.Afterthelawsuititcontainedthescrubbers.Thestructureintheleftforegroundandthatlookslikeahorizontalbeltedtincan

istheballmillthatpulverizedtheoar,limestone,andcoal.

GOOGLEIMAGES

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ThelimestonemineatFooteMineralatSunbright,Virginia.Thecameraislookingtowardtheentrance,ortothenorthwest.Theslopeisthenaturaldipinthe

NewmanLimestoneformation.Theplantwasabolishedin1971(10),afterwhichthepublicwasinformedthat

FooteMineralhadbeenafrontorganizationoftheAtomicEnergyCommission.Theprocessofturninganatomicbombintoahydrogenoneinvolvedencasinganatombombinajacketoflithiumdeuteride.(11,12,13,23,24)

Lectures to localhighschoolsciencestudentswerearegular featureof the

Sunbrightoperation.Theirlecturesstatedthattheorecontaininglithiumwascalled‘spodumene’ (pronounced as ‘spod – u – main’), which was mined at Kings’Mountain,NorthCarolina. Chemicallyspodumene is lithiumaluminuminosilicate.Thisorerequiredlargeamountsofpurelimestoneandcoaltoprocess.Itwassaidthatanunusuallypureveinoflimestoneexistedatthesite,andthatverypurecoalwasbeingminednearAppalachia. Itwas cheaper tobring the spodumene to thecoalandlimestonethantohaulthemtoNorthCarolina.(8)

GOOGLEIMAGES

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The lecturer said that one of the characteristics of such a pure vein oflimestonewasthatitgaveoffvaporsthatcouldbeseenascendingthemountainatnight,leadingtoafrequentassociationofghoststorieswiththeselocations. The students were toured through the plant. To its north side was anundergroundlimestonequarryreferredtoasa ‘mine’. Ithadceilings40feethigh.The limestone, and spodumene were crushed in a ball mill, and then sent to arotatingkilnwherecoalwasblastedintothelowerendofthemassivepipeshapedkiln, and burned at high temperatures. The lower end (to the southwest) had aswivelmounted10gaugeshotgunthattheemployeesusedtobreakupclinkersinthekiln.(8) Massive amounts of electricity were then used to separate the resultingproduct. Foote had required two different power lines originating from twodifferent suppliers to supply this plant. These power lines traversed the FugateFarminRyeCovebydifferentroutes.(14) Largeconcretetankswereusedtofurtherseparatethechemicals.Thethickmilkymaterial inthesevatswascaustic,andweresaidtobe ‘like lye’. Outof thisprocess came the final product, which was said to have been ‘lithium hydroxidemonohydrate’.(8) Thediscardsofthisprocessweretwo.Thereweremassiveamountsofwhitepowderblownoutthehighsmokestacksattheupperendsoftherotarykilns.Thecausticliquidleftfromtheseparationvatswastakentothetopofthehillsouthoftheplant,whereitwasdumpedinto‘settlingponds’. Thedustsettledtheareaforhalfadozenmilesaround,andcovereditlikesomeonehadshakenafloursackoverit.Thepublicwastoldthatitwas‘nontoxic’,butthepublicalsonotedthatitkilledthefishandsnakesinthecreeks.(15) About five years after the Sunbright plantwas opened, local citizens cametogether and brought suit against Foote over the dust cloud. The settling pond,locatedontopofthepointedendofPurchaseRidge,andacrossthehighwaytothesouth,wasnotanissue.RaymondC.Shannon,anattorneyfromAppalachia,Virginiawaschosentorepresentthisgroup.Perhapspartofthereasonforhisselectionwasthat he was not from Scott County. The group solicited further local people tobecomeparticipantsinthesuit.Somerefused,sayingthat“itwasnotrighttoaskanindustrytosetupabusinessinthecommunity,andtothensuethem”.(16) At the timeof the suit, neither the suing citizens of Scott Co., nor Shannon(everyone,includinghiswife,calledhimbyhissurname),noranyoneelseknewthattheactualforcebehindFooteMineralwastheAtomicEnergyCommission.Notonlythat, but the concepts of ‘pollution’ and ‘environment’ were not in the commonvocabulary. Municipal sewer systems customarily dumped untreated sewage,includingwhateverchemicalsindustriesmighthaveemptiedintothem,straightintothestreams.Home,aswellasindustrialsmokestacks,spewedallkindsofchemical

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wastegassesintotheair.Sinkholeswerecommonlyusedasdisposalsitesfordeadanimals, garbage, old stoves, and old automobiles. The Town of Big Stone Gapdumpedpartof itsuntreatedsewageintoacavewell intothe1960’s. Suingone’sneighboroverhisdoingoneoftheseactivitieswasviewedwithhorror.Onemindedone’sownbusiness,anddidnotinterferewithsomeoneelse’slife. EveryonewassurprisedwhenShannonwonhis lawsuit. Therewasacashsettlementwiththesuingparties. Atypicalpayoutwasabout$600totheaveragelocal farmer.(16) More importantly, as part of the settlement scrubbers wereinstalled in the smoke stacks. They immediately removed all the visible dust. Itshouldbenoted that scrubberswereknown technologyat the time theplantwasbuilt. Foote, andmore likely theAtomicEnergy commission,obviouslyhadmadethedecision that thecitizensofScottCountywerenotworth thecostof installingthescrubbers. Nooneatthetimetooknoticeoftheseismicquakethatthissuitwastobringinternationally. Itwasthefirsttimecitizenssuedacorporationover itspollution.Soon, the terms ‘pollution’ and ‘environment’ were in everyone’s minds. Acontinuing avalanche of such suits started. Even the government, arguably theworstpolluterofall(eitherdirectlyorindirectlybymeansofitscontractors),gotonthe bandwagon, and formed the Environmental ProtectionAgency. But suchwasthe case. These farmers from Scott County, and Attorney Shannon changed theworld,withouteventhinkingabouttheenormityofwhattheyweredoing. ButthekickerontopofallthiswasthefactthatthepeopleofScottCountyand Shannon had actually taken on a surrogate of the Federal government at theheightoftheColdWar,andwon!Shannon(5-29-1904to7-10-1987)(17)livedtoseetheunfoldingresultsofhiswork. ThecharacterofShannonisverymuchapartofthisstory. AftertheFooteMineral Company suit he took on the case of a jeep wreck, and sued themanufacturerovertheirresponsibilityfordesignflawsintheirproduct.Theresultwas thathenotonlywonhissuit,buthesat inmotionanothercascadeofsimilarsuitsthatresultedinthefirsttotalredesignoftheJeepsinceWorldWarII.(18)Eitherhistoric case precedent would have been a career crowning achievement for anyattorney. But Shannonwas the embodiment ofHollywood’s characterization of acountry lawyer. Heworeacoatandtie, tobesure. Buthewasnottooparticularabouthowwellhisshirtwastuckedin. Hecussed,chewedandspattobaccojuicewhereverhewished.HewastheonlyoneallowedtospittobaccojuiceonthefloorofthecourtroominWise.Withhisshareinthecashsettlement,heboughtaJaguar,andthenaRollsRoyce,thefirstoneanyoneintownhadeverseen.Hehadafatpetgroundhogthatheletrideinthefrontseat.Thirtyyearsafterhisdeath,peopleinSouthwestVirginiastillswapShannonstories. TofollowupontheotherhalfoftheissueofwhatFootechosetodowithitsindustrialwasteproducts,thereistheissueofitsliquidwastes.Everyoneknewthat

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their destination had been that ‘settling pond’ on top of Purchase Ridge. No oneseemedtohavebeenconcerned. ExaminationoftheperiodUSGStopographicmap(19)showswhatitcallsthe‘tailings pond’ in its relationship to the plant and neighboring countryside. Thepondisalittleoveraquarterofamilewide.(20)Itislocatedinasinkhole.Thiscouldhave been no accident. Foote (and the Atomic Energy Commission) could bereasonablyexpectedtohaveknownthatallliquidsthatenterintoasinkholedrainintotheundergroundwatertable. So, justastheyplannedtogetridoftheirsolidwastematerial (whatever itwas)bydischarging it into theair, it is apparent thattheyplannedtogetridoftheirliquidwastematerial(whateveritwas)bydrainingitintothewatertable. At this point, the obvious direction this article should take is to see if theexactnatureofthesetwotypesofFoote’swasteproductscanbeascertained.ThiswillrequireareviewoftheindustrialchemistryperformedintheSunbrightplant. The chemical processes used in lithium purification are varied, and areavailableon-line.TheprocessusedatSunbrightisidentifiablefromtheinformationthatwaspresentedatthatcompany’slecturestolocalhighschoolstudents. Largeamountsoflye(sodiumhydroxide)arecommonlyused.Thisremovedthecommonimpurities from the spodumene, suchas iron, aluminum,magnesium,andcalciumbyturningthemintohydroxides.Thisclassofchemicalsarecousinsoflye,andarecalled‘caustics’.(21,22) Thehightemperaturesintherotarykillproduceddicalciumsilicate(awasteproduct), converting the lithium towater soluble form. Foote’s kiln productwascooled, ground,water leached, and then dewatered in vacuum filters. The liquorwasthenevaporatedandcentrifugedtogetthedesiredproduct lithiumhydroxidemonohydrate. ThissourcereaffirmsthatthisproductionwasdoneundercontractwiththeAtomicEnergyCommission.(23,24) There is no available specific documentation of what happened to thedicalciumsilicate.Itlikelywasamongthesubstancesblownoutbytheprescrubbersmokestackandwhichcoatedthecountryside,or itcouldhavebeen inthe liquorwaste thatwasput into thesettlingpond. Atanyevent, after thescrubberswereinstalled,thismaterialwouldhavebeendisposedofinanotherfashion,andtheonlyknownsitewasthesettlingpond. Itshouldbenotedthatsilicatesarerelativesofsand,andcancausesilicosis.EventhoughcalciumsilicatedoesnotburntheFederalCenterforDiseaseControlissoconcernedaboutthedustthatcanbestirredupinafirethatithasstatedinitspolicy in fighting such fires, “Fires involving calcium silicate should be foughtupwindfromthemaximumdistancepossible.Isolatethehazardanddenyaccesstounnecessarypersonnel.Firefightersshouldwearafullsetofprotectiveclothingandself contained breathing apparatuswhen fighting fires involving calcium silicate.”

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Lab animals exposed to calcium silicate develop pulmonary nodules and pleuralsarcomas (cancers). In humans it produces hemolysis (destruction of the blood).Chronicexposureproducesalteredpulmonaryfunction.(25) AboutmidwaythroughtheirtenureatSunbright,theychangedtheprocessesthat occurred there. Instead of manufacturing lithium carbonate on site, theypurchaseditfromanaffiliateinNevada.Theythentreatedlithiumcarbonatewithcalciumhydroxideat Sunbright tomake lithiumhydroxide. Before this change inprocess,limestonefromthemineatSunbrightwasused,andcalciumcarbonatewasformedasawasteproduct.Thiswasteproductremained(in1990)onthesite.Theapproximateanalysisofthematerialinthewasteatthattimewas43-50%calciumcarbonate, 3-6 % calcium hydroxide, and 40-48 % water. If the water were toevaporate,itwouldleaveadustattwicetheaboveconcentrations.(26) In 2017 the Foote Mineral site at Sunbright was designated as having“hazardous waste”, but was declared to be “conditionally exempt” from cleanuprequirementsbecause“thesitewasnotcurrentlyproducingwaste”.(27) ItshouldbenotedthatcalciumcarbonatewasamongthesubstancesinthesludgethattheEnvironmentalProtectionAgencymandatedOlinMathiesonCorp.toburyinSaltvillein1982.Theareaofsludgeburialis125acres,andistoadepthof80ft.(28) Concerningthecalciumhydroxide(arelativeoflye)leftonsiteatSunbright,theCenterforDiseaseControlstatesthatit“isacorrosivethataffectsalltissuesitcontacts”. Rats that drink water containing it die with multiple organ failure.Humans get corrosive chemical burns of the skin, eyes, esophageal strictures andpneumonia.(29) In1996thetotalamountofpollutantsreleasedintotheenvironmentbythewastematerial leftonsitebyFooteMineralatSunbrightwas246,745pounds. In1987 it hadbeen150,000pounds. This report stated that lithiumcarbonatewasalsoamongthepollutants thathadbeenreleased intotheenvironment. Sincetheplantwasinactiveandthesmokestackwasnotinuse,theonlypossiblesourceofthispollutionwasthesludgepond.Itwasnotstatedwhetherthedischargewasbymeans of the undergroundwater table, or by dust blown into the air from driedsludge.(30) Lithiumisusedinmedicinetotreatbipolarillnesses.Itisahardmedicinetousebecauseofitsmanysideeffects,anditsgeneralunpredictabilityinhumans.TheFederalDrugAdministration’smandated listofpotential sideeffects listed in thatproduct’s package insert gives the following as its side effects: “hallucinations,seizure (blackout or convulsions): fever with muscle stiffness, sweating, fast oruneven heartbeats; early signs of lithium toxicity, such as nausea, vomiting,diarrhea,drowsiness,muscleweakness,tremor,lackofcoordination,blurredvision,orringinginyourears.”(31)

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Approximately about 2010 the author went to the Southern States FarmStoreatGateCitytobuyagricultural limetoputonhis fields. Themanagertheretoldhim that a ‘agricultural lime likematerial’,whichwas awasteproduct of theFoote operation, had previously been taken to the spodumene mines in NorthCarolina anddumped there as ameans of disposal. This hadbeen found to havebeen unsatisfactory by some organization on the basis of concerns about theenvironment,andthematerialhadbeenmovedbacktoSunbrightandplacedintheunderground limestone quarry. Hewent on to say that his businesswas lookingintothepossibilityofreminingthissubstanceandofsellingittofarmerstospreadontotheirfields. Hesaiditcontained ‘limelikeinagricultural lime’. SinceIknewthattherewereacoupleofissuesrelatedtothis,Iaskedhimifthissubstancewasmorelike‘quickorkilnedlime’,orlikepelletizedlimestonedust. Ialsoaskedhimspecifically for the chemical name for this substance. I did not get an answer toeitherquestion.ThatSouthernStatesstoresoonwentoutofbusiness. TheEnvironmentalProtectionAgency’sSuperFundhasbeencleaninguptheoriginalFooteLithiumplantinPennsylvania.(32) The “Kingsport Times” of November 7, 2012 reported that the Scott Co.BoardofSupervisorshadapprovedaspecialusepermittoSecureMountainLLCofRoanoketobuildadatastoragefacilityinsidetheoldFooteMineralmine.Anofficerofthatcorporationmadeastatementtothepressthattheyhadalreadyspent more than $1 million cleaning up and securing the site, and were currently working to map out the total usable area and clean up “byproduct from past mining operations”. There was nothing more said about the specific nature of those old waste products, nor of the history of deception and lack of concern for public health exhibited by the various entities historically involved in that industrial site. The ‘products of mining’ are not the issue. The products of the chemical industry at Sunbright are theissue,whicharethesilicates,thelithium,thelye,anditscausticcousins. Thepublicshouldbeconcernedabouttheultimatedestinationof thismaterial. Itshouldbe informedabout theSaltvilleCaustic landfills, and the Foote cleanup in Pennsylvania. It should be concernedaboutwhatproceduresareplannedtokeepthismaterialoutoftheairandstreamsaroundSunbright.(33)

TheauthoralsonotesthatasofDec.2017there is industrialactivityat theoldFooteMineral site at Sunbright. The trees thathid the site from thehighwayhave been cut down, and material for an electric substation are piled there.Sunbrightisbeingreborn.

Bibliography:1–SA&ORRusageofthename“Horton’sSummit”Wolfe,Ed–SouthernRailway,AppalachiaDivisionpg.112

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2–SA&OnamechangefordepotatHorton’sSummit-footnote#1pg.196,197,1983–CSXrailroadinSummit,SouthCarolinahttps://www.csx.com/index.cfm/about-us/state-information/south-carolina/4–GeorgeH.Tittsworth,Sr.totheauthor5-NewmanLimestoneatHorton’sSummithttps://books.google.com/books?id=dWlOAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA280&lpg=PA280&dq=Horton%27s+Summit+Scott+County+Virginia&source=bl&ots=viWgEeSNk_&sig=AFOu9gw0OZrhPm4fKQ_N_dISVxc&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjcndyz4t_XAhUEOyYKHS7_BFU4ChDoAQgnMAA#v=onepage&q=Horton's%20Summit%20Scott%20County%20Virginia&f=false6–-Campbell,MariusR.–“GeologyoftheBigStoneGapCoalFieldofVirginiaandKentucky” – “Bulletin – United States Geologic Survey #111 – 1893” diagrambetweenpgs.37-38https://www.amazon.com/Bulletin-United-States-Geological-Survey/dp/B01JJBR9OK7–FooteMineralopenedatSunbright1953http://www.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~vaschs2/duffield.htm8–Footelecturertotheauthor’shighschoolphysic’sclass9–BruceRobinettetotheauthorconcerningthelecturetohishighschoolclass10-closingFooteMineral“KingsportTimes”11-5-71pg.2711–lithiumonthehydrogenbombhttp://www.atomicarchive.com/Fusion/Fusion2.shtml12-https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Castle_Bravo13-https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isotope_separation14–CharlesFugatetotheauthor15-contaminationofthelocalcreekshttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-EsuuMGUK6Y16–BruceRobinettetotheauthor,quotingT.Robinette17-phototombstoneAmericanLegionCemetery,PowellValleyWiseCounty

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file:///Users/lawrencefleenor/Desktop/Marie%20O.%20Shannon%20(1924-2001)%20-%20Find%20A%20Grave%20Memorial.webarchive18–WilliamBradshawtotheauthor19-–USGStopographicmapDuffieldquadrangle,1947;revised‘69&‘7820–GoogleEarth21–chemicalindustrialpurificationprocessforlithiumhttps://books.google.com/books?id=uP_IBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA86&lpg=PA86&dq=spodumene+lime+stone&source=bl&ots=iRa478mMvM&sig=E18cjpeMmAu3mhTyls-CkaM7gZw&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiotv6yucjXAhWC4SYKHXcoBz0Q6AEIODAF#v=onepage&q=spodumene%20lime%20stone&f=false22–chemicalindustrialpurificationprocessforlithiumhttps://www.911metallurgist.com/blog/froth-flotation-spodumene-processing-lithium-extraction23–Gillson,JosephLincoln–IndustrialMineralsandRockspg.529https://www.amazon.com/Industrial-Minerals-Rocks-Gillson-Joseph/dp/B0010O4XDA24-verifiesidentityofthelithiumproductmadeatSunbright,anddocumentsitssaletotheAtomicEnergyCommissionhttps://books.google.com/books?id=_-IJAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA529&lpg=PA529&dq=foote+mineral+duffield&source=bl&ots=UvC3xRlsD1&sig=X-xGgsYkNL-SneNiUlQsKBoXbmE&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiPnYPpzt3XAhWuYd8KHYqGB_M4ChDoAQhlMA0#v=onepage&q=foote%20mineral%20duffield&f=false25–calciumsilicatetoxicity“OccupationalSafetyandHealthGuidelinesforCalciumSilicate”–CenterForDiseaseControl”https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/81-123/pdfs/0094.pdf26–changeinprocessesusedatSunbright&thechemicalidentityofthesubstancesfoundatthesite“VirginiaDivisionofMineralResourcesPublication#119”“Proceedingsofthe26thForumonthegeologyofIndustrialMineralsMay14-18th,1990”https://www.dmme.virginia.gov/commercedocs/PUB_119.pdf27–EPAdesignationoftheFooteMineralsiteatSunbrightashaving“hazardouswaste”“HomeFacts”http://www.usa.com/frs/cyprus-foote-mineral.html

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28–calciumcarbonateandtheEPAcleanupofSaltvilleC–“SaltvilleWasteDisposalPonds”–“Mid-AtlanticSuperfund”http://www.epa.gov/reg3hwmd/npl/VAD003127578.htm29–toxicityofcalciumhydroxideCenterforDiseaseControlPublication“OccupationalSafetyandHealthGuidelinesforCalciumHydroxide”https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/81-123/pdfs/0092.pdf30-typeandquantitiesofpollutantreleasedintotheairatSunbright“HomeFacts”https://www.homefacts.com/environmentalhazards/Virginia/Scott-County/Duffield/Polluter-Cyprus-Foote-Mineral-Co-24244cyprsstate.html31–lithiumsideeffects–FDAinserthttps://www.emedicinehealth.com/drug-lithium/article_em.htm 32 -EPAsuperfundcleanupoftheoriginalFooteMineralplantof1941inPennsylvaniahttps://cumulis.epa.gov/supercpad/cursites/csitinfo.cfm?id=030110333–“KingsportTimes”pressreleaseontheDataStorageCenterhttp://www.timesnews.net/News/2012/11/07/Scott-supervisors-approve-permit-for-data-center-in-Duffield

SHANNON’STOMBSTONELOCATEDINTHEAMERICANLEGIONCEMETERYNEARBIGSTONEGAP,VIRGINIA

file:///Users/lawrencefleenor/Desktop/Foote/Marie%20O.%20Shannon%20(1924-2001)%20-%20Find%20A%20Grave%20Memorial.webarchive